484 lines
61 KiB
XML
484 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" ID-PMC="PMC3689132" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-24-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" ID-PubMed="23794938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576237" ModsDocID="1314-2003-24-1" checkinTime="1451251869906" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lange, P. J. de, Heenan, P. B., Houliston, G. J., Rolfe, J. R. & Mitchell, A. D." docDate="2013" docId="F04D8AF2CD8CDF96CD98BB6AE4634740" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 24: 1-147" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 24" docPubDate="2013-06-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" docTitle="Lepidium limenophylax Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" masterDocTitle="New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1738942654996" updateUser="guilherme">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1E0A7B88BE177D16C79210F5EA9CC7B7">
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<mods:title id="D9C6C5842A0633769964A61FE9B681BA">New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="723E3D254407AA16345A94EC5B14A173">Lange, P. J. de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1E97F8E011ACEC5483F2D40777CD0D96">Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="6C95468BDB7FF3682A50671088020701" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="28C7FF12C813F662161A12997946B299">Heenan, P. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CF05BE541C5C9649CC6662DD042D8C16">Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D47C9CA4541B4F914DFE1D3585AA01F7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E3411DEA8435761F1E539988EB8C4253">Houliston, G. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FBC81D17ED3F581D2A3F71706A26482D">Ecological Genetics Group, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0A69DBEC455BEEDA7EB96E73AAC9D3E3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5CFB6D1B9CE482D927ECCA544CA5FE40">Rolfe, J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="722E9A17263CEE5859AF8EDFE901D58D">Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Office, Department of Conservation, P. O. Box 10420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="452FB0F13F32AE20C19F9C4153DBA966">Mitchell, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3EFD666A6817D97943E06D1755F6B523">Otago School of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="750DCE78C54030CAC5AF451D05F04787">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="99F4CB865060E253841D784CD8E1FD75">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CBFB8553A8FC34B58172958504739B77">
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<mods:date id="BDF22B5F383C0683EC8B3C0333C6859A">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="67CA7E7F299D2F4C3CF04190486712C7">2013-06-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DA55D2A2490EE14C0CBD6D7564868A95">24</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="8587A2B977DE9CAC36706BF5F65E3F48">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="7BA521DA0951E6790C8B8678931F6BCC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B5399E73F1CD8CD1CFEE077A63C03BF8" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FA00D051199D27AB474AFB59FE2123BE" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-24-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EB906D9070EAA9CE34935F45193267D7" type="Zenodo-Dep">576237</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F04D8AF2CD8CDF96CD98BB6AE4634740" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024650" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F04D8AF2CD8CDF96CD98BB6AE4634740" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F04D8AF2CD8CDF96CD98BB6AE4634740" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="7FB404D09C8F3BDDDAF1E531C36C399F" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="78A5E60209652CD18058C4E77CD7A3A5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="9D90B02686499B4CED31EE109662DE82" ID-CoL="8GMMV" LSID="F04D8AF2-CD8C-DF96-CD98-BB6AE4634740" authority="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell, 2013" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepidium limenophylax" order="Brassicales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax" status="sp. nov.">Lepidium limenophylax</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="80281DD9AB49FCF6557F06A66E1AF73A" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C8A49BA28A7A19C4DED085D50E8DE2ED" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="latin">
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<paragraph id="D4401DB43E337DF95ED783A79389E454" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="81FF7F6702BC6FB58DB89EA9AE6BB1D9" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A L. oleraceo G.Forst. habitu constanter decumbenti vel procumbenti, nodis caulorum ligneis repullantibus tempo novo et interdum radicibus adventiis, foliis constanter angusto-lanceolatis vel linearibus serrulatis floribus staminibus duobus, et DNA sequentiis singularibus differt</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BF78293F1D8B18677FDF89A9C4A11639" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="D820BC6D805C6F0CEE32E982496EDDA5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DB002124A77DB73442B72B6F14A0D717" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="C0EABFF0DB7904EF80BC5285E0B4018C" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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New Zealand (
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<figureCitation id="894CE53A04AE5EFD2FD3265144F47A28" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="F50" captionText="Figure 50. Holotype of Lepidium limenophylax de Lange, B. D. Rance et D. A. Norton." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10788" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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Snares Island, Snares Island Expedition 1969/72, University of Canterbury, December 1969, C. H. Hay s.n., WELT SP077578!
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="BB8F60A5E6B57F3FC77B2C3635665B45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10788" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 50" startId="F50">
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<paragraph id="581E2D96CD9629CE493BBFA9B281A578" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="A47A4F86DD81F81FE04AC44AFD0691C3" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figure 50.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="1AD6063962E82BEF9EB99BAB2EFDC501" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
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<emphasis id="48B623301DB835DB2116D9FCF9AF2207" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Lange, B.D.Rance et D.A.Norton.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3EEA3CD21636C1F029315F58B56A5580" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="etymology.">
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<paragraph id="684B8D03D291E848FC620F76C734B8E2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<pageBreakToken id="D89750738FECA30BB74F1D2C9F6D8D87" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C55A845C42DDF697B352F2263F5E328" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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The specific epithet '
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<emphasis id="FDF312D71EE021ACF47EBF4BCD8ACE99" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">limenophylax</emphasis>
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' derives from Greek (Ό
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<normalizedToken id="9BCB29F7181FF2CAB727975FE9A7835E" originalValue="λιμνοφυλαξ">λιμνοφυλαξ</normalizedToken>
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) and, though it strictly means 'lake
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<normalizedToken id="BDAF3F93ECAF7B5096836EA82D936DDE" originalValue="watcher’">watcher'</normalizedToken>
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(C. Blackford pers. comm.), it is used here in the sense of the alternative meaning of "harbour watcher or coast-guard", which
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<bibRefCitation id="8C05125F62E13AD2B78BFD58C35A9FB2" author="Green, PS" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="B47" refString="Green, PS, 1994. Flora of Australia Vol. 49, Oceanic Islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra." title="Flora of Australia Vol. 49, Oceanic Islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra" year="1994">Green (1994</bibRefCitation>
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; p. 535) states is the more appropriate derivation (see his comments on the etymology of the Norfolk Island endemic orchid
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<taxonomicName id="472C3C4A395BE02576C37849B57BF097" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Phreatia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Microspermae" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
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<emphasis id="7C0FAACA47943E19CBA896B6A9A9DD4A" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Phreatia limenophylax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Endl.) Benth.). It is given in allusion to the preferred habitat of
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<taxonomicName id="388FB6F48AA6EFDDCD1DA1F44187C15C" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
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<emphasis id="5A65A7774756428A5CB2394A3154964E" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the Snares, i.e. the low turf confined to the exposed ends of rocky headlands jutting out into and overlooking the sea. Historically, it was on these exposed headlands that the World War II coastwatchers were posted to keep watch for signs of enemy shipping (
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<bibRefCitation id="F7F181FAD9BE75A8AB5BABE7609B9817" author="Fleming, CA" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Bird Notes" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="181 - 184" refId="B38" refString="Fleming, CA, 1948. The Snares Island expedition. New Zealand Bird Notes 2: 181 - 184" title="The Snares Island expedition." volume="2" year="1948">Fleming 1948</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="AA22DA41A8879AD4B3D96D697EC19A36" author="McEwen, M" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B63" refString="McEwen, M, 2005. Charles Fleming Environmental Patriot. Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson." title="Charles Fleming Environmental Patriot. Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson." year="2005">McEwen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8C8DF1C8C44AA6302DA9C016966CAFF" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
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<paragraph id="263E7ECCF895ABA0A89DB5F3E25BF066" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D3606517103AA12C7486DB1981F9515" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="2EE6DF5598E660C92F1CA543033C80A5" bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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(
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<figureCitation id="5B6042DD419DB5F4ADCC233306D0C66B" captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Lepidium limenophylax: (A) flowering plants on the Snares in Poa astonii / Poa tennantiana grassland showing decumbent growth-habit (image: R. Ewans); (B) close up of young and emergent inflorescence (image: S. Lake)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10789" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 51</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8409F6E8D56574C34E072D8714A860A9" captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Mature silicle of Lepidium limenophylax. WELT SP 077578. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10792" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">-54</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Tap-rooted, strongly pungent smelling, summer-green, perennial herb, arising from stout rootstock 7.3-10.0 mm diam. Plants dying down to rootstock and previous
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<normalizedToken id="E5F865E820E3F9AAB85E3B25B96604AB" originalValue="season’s">season's</normalizedToken>
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stem nodes during winter. Stems decumbent, bases often very stout,
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<normalizedToken id="6B34D810C5CC491E180D7387F627FCCA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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spherical, somewhat woody when mature 10-15
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<normalizedToken id="582D86517369959117615552E2C08FD1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10-12 mm, composed of numerous old leaf and stem bases, sometimes producing roots, new
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<normalizedToken id="831C15619833DDF92EE19AB97B383D43" originalValue="season’s">season's</normalizedToken>
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grow decumbent, spreading 10-300
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<normalizedToken id="8E02EEA224FAD352D77A47A958729ECC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-10 mm, glabrous, sometimes with very sparse, appressed, caducous, silky 0.5-1.0 mm long, hairs near stem apices, at fruiting, often devoid of foliage from much of length. Leaves glabrous, firmly fleshy to succulent, usually dark green to green, sometimes yellow-green. Rosette and stem leaves usually withering at fruiting but sometimes with a few long persistent. Petiole distinct, 20-40
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<normalizedToken id="1EF49ACAADD67AF7BE7BE2095852A10C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-4 mm lamina 50-100
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<normalizedToken id="3313CDA5641CAAACEB8F9C26E6286D1E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-15 mm, lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate to linear lanceolate; distal ⅓-⅔ finely but sharply serrated or crenate, teeth in 10-20 pairs running to and including subacute, obtuse to rounded apex (teeth not extending beyond leaf outline), base cuneate to narrowly cuneate. Middle stems leaves with petiole indistinct, lamina narrowly linear lanceolate to linear, often recurved to falcate in the distal ⅓ -
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<normalizedToken id="A0F97A0AF48F759B0ADDEF1220EC3173" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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of leaf length, 50-120
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<normalizedToken id="CBF65C36BB56AA797D926DCFA6BF560A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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||
3-6 mm; upper ⅔ or occasionally the entire leaf finely but sharply serrated; teeth in 12-30 pairs running to and including the apex, and not extending beyond leaf outline, lamina base tapered, very narrowly cuneate. Upper stem leaves with or without a distinct petiole, petiole if present 40-60 mm, linear to linear-spathulate, occasionally narrowly lanceolate, often recurved or falcate from
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<normalizedToken id="BD6B282DAD7474800B600D705FB86D47" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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||
of leaf length, 30-100
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<normalizedToken id="560FF0DECDC90A1B0FE2B9A53C0B5FD2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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||
2.0-30.0 mm, margins finely but sharply serrated. Racemes 5-15 mm long, terminal and axillary; rachis glabrous; pedicels glabrous, erecto-patent, 2-8 mm long at fruiting. Flowers c. 0.4-1.0 mm diam. Sepals 4, saccate, overlapping at base, green with pale-green to white thickened margin, apex broadly obtuse, shape and size dimorphic; lateral sepals c.0.6-1.0
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<normalizedToken id="0D016C1901D9154BC6CDD04C7BF4E747" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6-1.2 mm, broadly ovate to oval, mostly glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy, hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long, caducous; median sepals 0.9-1.2
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<normalizedToken id="BEE06EA1A0E22B3AEA670A05C20368A0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-1.2 mm, elliptic to obovate, abaxial surface sparsely hairy, hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long, caducous. Petals white to off-white, 1.5-2.0
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<normalizedToken id="635C5ADE25FB39792FBF68DCE2ADA4AA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3-1 mm, erecto-patent to somewhat spreading, clawed; limb narrowly obovate, apex obtuse, occasionally emarginated. Stamens 2, equal. Nectaries 2, subulate, 0.35 mm long. Silicles cartilaginous when fresh, coriaceous when dry, 2.5-3.5
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<normalizedToken id="1BE84403043E48DA4C7601841E4B81E9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-3.3 mm, elliptic or rhomboid, not winged, apex usually notched (rarely truncate), valves green maturing yellow-green, glabrous; style 0.1-0.3 mm long, exceeding the shallow notch (if notch present); stig
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="946A243343439CFC948662D57F948B0A" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">ma</pageBreakToken>
|
||
0.3-0.5 mm diam. Seeds 2, narrowly ovoid, brown, red-brown to orange-brown, not winged, 1.25-1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F28B36ACBA4E56F61A47D6CD34D968B5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.35-0.60 mm. FL. Nov-Feb. FR. Nov-Feb.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BE20D2887CE022F4734220672F79EF6A" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10789" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 51" startId="F51">
|
||
<paragraph id="C1C5F0B1DECF70D460367C7898C7B4B6" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FBB7E8D744FA7B6D3248C590C19364E" bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 51.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A562B4670C0751DABA337F18AC3F8E7" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A24EC9B106AB5F61DF3AF0C0AC0C48E" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (
|
||
<emphasis id="539DA3AEC858AF31D1E64092037FF0A5" bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
) flowering plants on the Snares in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC730AB12A349C10C6C8172F73B0794A" authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1906" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="astonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="0F26FD8B6C929F0CE9DA7670B0CC19C5" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Poa astonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C300CDAB9F5F4CA53C64EEBF5B98D452" authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1909" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tennantiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="15300096E559F5FB2588A44E363747DB" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Poa tennantiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grassland showing decumbent growth-habit (image: R. Ewans); (
|
||
<emphasis id="1A51878A9BF590D6FB82FE1E07FD50C5" bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
|
||
) close up of young and emergent inflorescence (image: S. Lake).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0E9A40801A6741CF2584B24FDEF81FD6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10790" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 52" startId="F52">
|
||
<paragraph id="0955C64A84EAA477BE2C6267559C4C30" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="C6F622B233A16A96958053BB607684ED" bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 52.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E241378512A960EA3C2984FE0CA6EB5" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="26B16C51924720FF55342EEA95A2DC3C" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (
|
||
<emphasis id="7E3ED00784DE49E12B7E903BBDC71335" bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
) broad-leaved leaf variant (rosette leaves) (image: R. Ewans); (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA335D6FB5BD3AB1D2372BE7B2732F4" bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
|
||
) narrow-leaved variant (image: R. Ewans).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="080A2F119EA44209DD3F9C25A76AE90C" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10791" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 53" startId="F53">
|
||
<paragraph id="63523512E5E4289FE51D5576370E1B54" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="93DB8D1FA9E0F435957DC04BC7711DE8" bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 53.</emphasis>
|
||
Inflorescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6110EB3F133325F08D0846DF6937365" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="79952E1288A2A1084E72E3151E7B1F9D" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing flowers and stamens (image: R. Ewans).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="94F6DF7340BD6269A675AC15ACF93FEF" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10792" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 54" startId="F54">
|
||
<paragraph id="A576483987DD71841CFBA4F2837F875F" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="03B5E659299FC26A2EDCA6CDE95F4C94" bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 54.</emphasis>
|
||
Mature silicle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8889B6F066F5A820998112AF15BEEC09" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9CA211B792E2BC8EC98D66D58287CF2" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. WELT SP077578. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BB8F76347DF5AD8D5E1C34F994AEDCD0" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="representative specimens">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3BDA96D1D49B3E8E2D9E5AA24790B2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Representative Specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D8A5375BCDCCBA7FBC9ECEE9F0435A4" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8B3F9693623B9D762520785D6F46D1" bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">New Zealand (Stewart Island/Rakiura):</emphasis>
|
||
Kaimohu Island, 25 February 1965, B. A. Fineran s.n., (CANU 8703).
|
||
<emphasis id="55CEB2DE073C96FFA1BBC1820C596015" bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Snares Islands:</emphasis>
|
||
No
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="F89B61C2CC5F34BCB7A319478B8991BA" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" start="start">vember</pageBreakToken>
|
||
1907, B.C. Aston s.n., (AK 4464, WELT SP027621, WELT SP027628); January 1909, B. C. Aston s.n., (WELT SP027623, WELT SP027624, WELT 27625, WELT SP027626); west coast between Signpost Hill and Razor Back, 29 November 1984, G. S. Hardy s.n., (WELT SP078810); on headland just below Signpost Hill, 29 November 1984, G. S. Hardy s.n., (WELT SP078811); December 1947, n. c.,
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="B4C3FD826DDC2D61E2162C2D8C45B742" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" start="start">R</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. C. Murphy Expedition, (WELT SP035432); December 1947, F. Newcombe s.n., (WELT SP09710); cliff edge, February 1961, B. Fineran s.n., (CANU 5949); cliff edge, February 1961, B. A. Fineran s.n., (CANU 5950); B. Fineran s.n., Feb 1961, cliff edge, CANU 5994; cliff edge, February 1961, B. A. Fineran s.n., (CANU 5995); cliff edge, February 1961, B. A. Fineran s.n., (CANU 6000A-6000B); Broughton Island, 4. November 1972, D. S Horning s.n., (CANU 18916); July 2002, P. Sagars.n., (AK 283482).
|
||
<emphasis id="E05BE37A28B94073DC8FF3AFE9513123" bold="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Auckland Islands:</emphasis>
|
||
January 1890, T. Kirk s.n., (WELT SP027634).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A6B941081078AE41360047DBB457A6C0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="847CB4E5B73C850013FA03D890C5230F" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="887B05DF11DF214D9DDD34191691F3AB" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9FE4BE60566CCB6947578827217B2F49" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="07E65B2721C66BD809CFD53023BEADCD" bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1BA9432147834B283C8531BBCD428973" captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Distribution of Lepidium flexicaule (New Zealand distribution shown only), Lepidium juvencum, Lepidium limenophylax, Lepidium naufragorum and Lepidium obtusatum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10782" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic. New Zealand, South-western Titi (Muttonbird) Islands (Kaimohu Island), The Snares (North East, Broughton islands), and Auckland Islands.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="268D710EB88D08377D8EF9522A3E56A9" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="1982ED4E4D2FB212237D16399AB7F5D4" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is possibly also present on Pohowaitai Island (
|
||
<emphasis id="CC283C5D067EC1225217121E858005A5" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B. A. Fineran</emphasis>
|
||
, 4 Mar 1965, CANU 8723) another of the south-western Titi (Muttonbird) Islands, although this collection, comprising sterile specimens of a whole young plant and a branch are inadequate to be certain. There are also additional unconfirmed observations of what may be this species from many of the other south-western Titi (Muttonbird) Islands (B.A. Fineran and B.D. Rance pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6701D2C356AF0068FF3945AEEB5323BC" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="recognition">
|
||
<paragraph id="83A04702962F5EFE11A7C898055327BA" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Recognition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F0AA98D5398EA517BF54A866E00798FB" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E66BEF43B8DC5E29D3C7B62CDCB8F892" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="634A3F41652F9D32F6A0441A6E898A9C" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recognised by the decumbent growth habit (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1C91DE9D1DC8B60F6B155B0756C1D66" captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Lepidium limenophylax: (A) flowering plants on the Snares in Poa astonii / Poa tennantiana grassland showing decumbent growth-habit (image: R. Ewans); (B) close up of young and emergent inflorescence (image: S. Lake)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10789" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 51</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1F1D41CFD081366A36BBF8A6C423483" captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 52. Lepidium limenophylax: (A) broad-leaved leaf variant (rosette leaves) (image: R. Ewans); (B) narrow-leaved variant (image: R. Ewans)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10790" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">, 52</figureCitation>
|
||
), with plants developing a distinct woody network of branches. New
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CBFD6F3BE8A350BA1C758A328D28477A" originalValue="season’s">season's</normalizedToken>
|
||
growth arises from the nodes left from the previous
|
||
<normalizedToken id="848245875C70699223D857B27B5A5A6C" originalValue="season’s">season's</normalizedToken>
|
||
growth. In this species, the leaves are consistently lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, linear lanceolate or linear (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EB729AA80A6E6AACFE04BDA6CE6E26A" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="F50" captionText="Figure 50. Holotype of Lepidium limenophylax de Lange, B. D. Rance et D. A. Norton." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10788" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 50</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="F9C724575C0EF92041A56F126C00A927" captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Lepidium limenophylax: (A) flowering plants on the Snares in Poa astonii / Poa tennantiana grassland showing decumbent growth-habit (image: R. Ewans); (B) close up of young and emergent inflorescence (image: S. Lake)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10789" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">, 51B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350C6F55953A2E2A6E54951D81C64DD" captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 52. Lepidium limenophylax: (A) broad-leaved leaf variant (rosette leaves) (image: R. Ewans); (B) narrow-leaved variant (image: R. Ewans)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10790" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">, 52</figureCitation>
|
||
), though slightly broader in seedlings and basal rosettes. The flowers have two stamens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEE9D3E6D3771D3825C591FFF33AC94E" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Inflorescence of Lepidium limenophylax showing flowers and stamens (image: R. Ewans)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10791" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is morphologically most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4AE085F5306E716AB727904E26EC48F0" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7332578A1EE6A9535CC20C4CFE43EA4" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also has a decumbent growth habit and flowers with two stamens.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="575EFA62B7024FF8671B594ADAFC936B" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="1216A066E84F72E623D7DA8DFD2CDB23" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, linear lanceolate or linear leaves, rather than the spathulate to narrowly ovate or elliptic leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="185F0565598CB7A4518EC98921CE9A61" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis id="338BE65FAB53403F5FAA49522933E437" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, the silicles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11D10670D137BBFE9D7BCF5F2B3B4A22" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="89C03E17F4AC38DA94B452A2A4B9062E" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are elliptic, rhomboidal and unwinged (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D0477CAF5462221214E2D0800706F7E3" captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Mature silicle of Lepidium limenophylax. WELT SP 077578. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10792" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
), rather than orbicular, obovate to ovoid and winged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E1BB134328A7E708161BD2CB13F030A8" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FFE482C1EEEBE598CF9530E405D7F3E4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27ED4C2E89D1892AB5DC25CB862F2432" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
On the Snares,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F42E0E905FE734821C1F822E4CF1F664" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="C85A55218EEE3B6E2ED4383467370FB3" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been described as an occasional component of cliff top vegetation where it is stated to grow in association with living or dead
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63F6FA811E79E07D26B0D9D93A768108" authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1906" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="astonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D40264EEBAF15BEF3D18BA74E311E14" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Poa astonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Petrie pedestals (and on occasion in association with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58A400B83EA672CF2810FE7F032B995E" authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1909" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tennantiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ED7E59F9510EB836BA3E8AA636C0977" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Poa tennantiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Petrie and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F3DED9E4387AAB67375E5C6EDFDB6FD" authorityName="Pennell" authorityYear="1921" class="Aves" family="Primobucconidae" genus="Hebe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elliptica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E7E9291B36473F05954F2E289AABD36F" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Hebe elliptica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(G.Forst.) Pennell), often near the feeding sites of brown skuas (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2AE269CD6ADAB9637998EEE7B105B4B" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Aves" family="Stercocariidae" genus="Stercorarius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lonnbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="09A2870E2029FD2C120E9CDA9631A640" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stercorarius lonnbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mathews, 1912) and occasionally around the nests of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EB313C9DB72524170E47AE628CD03F0D" originalValue="Buller’s">Buller's</normalizedToken>
|
||
mollymawk (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41918E964DC8A3E9E147CEE161D8868A" class="Aves" family="Diomedeidae" genus="Thalassarche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Ciconiiformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3E7DB4484C2792A2F8D9F378E905A583" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Thalassarche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="9D22FC1948E4D3CBE63D4BE8B9216AD8" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">bulleri</emphasis>
|
||
(Rothschild, 1893)) or on dry peaty cliff tops (sometimes within the sandy quartz derived from the underlying granite) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2076C69F2A784D807EAC87B88793C77A" author="Fineran, BA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Botany)" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="237 - 270" refId="B37" refString="Fineran, BA, 1969. The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Botany) 17: 237 - 270" title="The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand." volume="17" year="1969">Fineran 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D457E6FEC1721496E16CDE64827D5BB5" author="Hay, C" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="861 - 872" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.2004.9512935" refId="B50" refString="Hay, C, Warham, J, Fineran, B, 2004. The vegetation of The Snares, islands south of New Zealand, mapped and discussed. New Zealand Journal of Botany 42: 861 - 872, 10.1080/0028825X.2004.9512935" title="The vegetation of The Snares, islands south of New Zealand, mapped and discussed." url="10.1080/0028825X.2004.9512935" volume="42" year="2004">Hay et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31B23FDE6539441BDC7310BBCF2CB288" author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further inland, it was also reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38F024FB90380D1CEF970F89FC05453E" author="Fineran, BA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Botany)" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="237 - 270" refId="B37" refString="Fineran, BA, 1969. The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Botany) 17: 237 - 270" title="The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand." volume="17" year="1969">Fineran (1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 3) 'as uncommon... sometimes present on sites of old abandoned penguin rockeries, where it usually grew with great
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C233B43DF974BCB7797A5FD8882B8D71" originalValue="vigour’">vigour'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Brian Rance (in litt.), on a visit to the islands in 2000, found that, as with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EBAED3AB94786F525597D3CCE383CD99" author="Fineran, BA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Botany)" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="237 - 270" refId="B37" refString="Fineran, BA, 1969. The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Botany) 17: 237 - 270" title="The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand." volume="17" year="1969">Fineran (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26C0D6DB40CEFCD98F09654E5D0F3D65" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EC010BA8E7668126E8B6E645F70EB3C" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was virtually confined to the north-western cliffs. More recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="75906047916D18168F90876F94F9771E" author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
failed to find it at any inland sites. All these authors and individuals noted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="231ED8984632D0CA8B91B18003FEF418" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="5B82DD41F757A80A980F9B79E3F2C168" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as uncommon in other habitats, though a few plants have been noted near Boat Harbour growing in association with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="531B18B5DD1A40C4697F39B10987454C" authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1906" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="astonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="6AB1A26AEB344BD6286C6A292F66CB63" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Poa astonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="562DD19EB5D5E9547004933A55A8430E" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Aspleniaceae" genus="Asplenium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Polypodiopsida" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="578ECC7F3734FBF6F54B881A0394BF76" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Asplenium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
G.Forst.and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8FFE87D26B11C9B6D703BB0D1EC3D" authorityName="Pennell" authorityYear="1921" class="Aves" family="Primobucconidae" genus="Hebe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elliptica">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DC37E6B1092228255E9229B8ECDA9CC" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Hebe elliptica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in semi-open situations caused by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4B43DD9DAD8C314B10047B0BB9DA5649" originalValue="Hooker’s">Hooker's</normalizedToken>
|
||
sea lions (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C2AFC036D418E7DB0E5E87DE9F8D8A4" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Phocarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hookeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BCCEE297BEB5ECFB10E24B9C724F6DA" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Phocarctos hookeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gray, 1844)) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4AE8744C554922A76C41D6D7A974FB33" author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; B. D. Rance pers. comm.). Very little is known about the associations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D86C9B7BC574AD455C0DBBF7AC157EE" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="D689763DA1CFE6D9C7E8132EEEB05982" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Kaimohu Island, though herbarium notes suggest that it grew there in association with what is probably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D3F689135BA2FFFC242D0266D0588A7" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juvencum">
|
||
<emphasis id="5A08B379B0917FA76303B8824E1EF516" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see comments under that species), and B. A. Fineran (pers. comm.) noted that this species was present mostly along ridge crests and above cliff faces, always in association with the feeding sites of skua. Brian Rance (in litt.) has also observed plants apparently matching
|
||
<taxonomicName id="814C455E128EECE2D779119E48572808" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="74DE9F92F7AA1E5A70D40055A7D32A45" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on several of the Titi (Muttonbird) islands south west of Stewart Island, usually growing along tracks in association with
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="87A18A7C52923421CE4E42BBC791A955" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" start="start">a</pageBreakToken>
|
||
sparse ground cover of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C969A51026A2327623405F866EE76EBB" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apiaceae" genus="Apium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Umbelliflorae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="prostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B684555FEF04D6D1BC57720BF983B7F3" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Apium prostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="91E1971559286590A819DC7826FAFA35" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">prostratum</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2EC9295F84F6582322741BE0DB96CFC" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">filiforme</emphasis>
|
||
(A.Rich.) Kirk,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39AEA3F5F9FF7159F4367412EAB2B2A5" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Nertera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="26809206F0C90788091830702D2E26D4" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Nertera depressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Banks et Sol. ex Gaertn and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A42891AA458BCF031AB3EB317C883951" authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1906" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="astonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="082F82A791839F473C57D8C7234D8CEF" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Poa astonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under semi-open
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FFF8C95EB162E65FCE8A6B2BF53BCAC9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Olearia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="037BA78B57EFA7548EDEE2D0C9636B33" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Olearia angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hook.f. /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0315A443724AA1D7C72E2CAF4021A937" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Olearia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyallii">
|
||
<emphasis id="343C64B792FD395E81D29B1080E00CE0" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Olearia lyallii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hook.f. short forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="23B13234F26275B98A55F45FB07F7864" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="61061B15FACE98EB11B3A751F3E9E76A" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Conservation Status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7178ACD833E0832C6273E8334963C91" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
On the Snares
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F7C3500B4BD5C7345E0EF136BCC42959" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD1FCCD9C94C2E89213AA5B5F9779E2F" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies a very narrow habitat range scattered over four key areas and covering an area of 943 m2 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A2C06D5215A44043019608BAE8A66BC1" author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7DCC585D9777AA438EFE90AA3806012C" author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were unable to count or estimate population size stating that 'it was not possible to estimate the number of plants due to the tendency [of the species] to grow in patches and not [as] isolated
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B9378209D108C8043741CDEEC5D4A560" originalValue="plants’">plants'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Nevertheless, they reported 'a good mix of mature and juvenile
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B962D32FEABAAFC6867BFC180F5FBDF4" originalValue="plants’">plants'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Outside these islands, the status of this species on the Auckland and south-western Titi (Muttonbird) Islands is unknown. Previously,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86271C72438594CE930EF07AB0346FE1" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C98F01D8F944351C537DE8D5BF2EA4B" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D57B8D49EA2B24BE3215A1335DAD434" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43EB058F9EA9EC6A875DB2BDBC000A7C" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lepidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E2BE40D4E7BF729B8C3C3644107F30" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
(c) (CANU 5995; Snares), had been listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="079AB8A6AAFC60B78A655B8CBD7AA8DF" author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250909509794" refId="B26" refString="de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Courtney, SP, Heenan, PB, Barkla, JW, Cameron, EK, Hitchmough, R, Townsend, AJ, 2009. Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61-96. ., 10.1080/00288250909509794" title="Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61 - 96." url="10.1080/00288250909509794" year="2009">de Lange et al. (2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 89) under Appendix 2 Taxonomically Indeterminate Listings, as 'Acutely Threatened/Nationally
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E44BDA21F1A6126715EBB8CB47590DA8" originalValue="Critical’">Critical'</normalizedToken>
|
||
with the qualifiers
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7165150F668990DF9A339BACDD75DA06" originalValue="‘IE’">'IE'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Island Endemic) and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="09B115AB601D51A90E31538FF2550398" originalValue="‘RR’">'RR'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Range Restricted) appended. That assessment used data provided by B. D. Rance, on a visit to the Snares Islands in 2000.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4D66A4A850523F9C345CE3B404DA732" author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a detailed update on the information obtained by Rance during a three week stay on the Snares between September and October 2010. They concluded that the species was in good health, and much more abundant than had been believed previously. While these observations suggest that this is probably a narrow-range species secure within its Snares stronghold, we recommend retention of the current threat listing of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F975EA2D4C7E658848943F90F339A3D" author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250909509794" refId="B26" refString="de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Courtney, SP, Heenan, PB, Barkla, JW, Cameron, EK, Hitchmough, R, Townsend, AJ, 2009. Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61-96. ., 10.1080/00288250909509794" title="Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61 - 96." url="10.1080/00288250909509794" year="2009">de Lange et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a precautionary measure because: 1. Accurate information about the status of this species outside the Snares is absent (i.e. it is not a Snares endemic), 2. The total area of occupancy on the Snares is <1 ha (criterion A(3) in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E7A70942AD53DB938302314EC706A209" author="Townsend, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="B86" refString="Townsend, AJ, de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Molloy, J, Miskelly, C, Duffy, C, 2008. The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/." title="The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http: // www. doc. govt. nz / publications / conservation / nz-threat-classification-system / nz-threat-classification-system-manual- 2008 /" year="2008">Townsend et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and 3. There is still no trend data available for the species. However, to reflect the observations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A49761496DD16FE35FBD922D29C89587" author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and our ongoing uncertainty about population trend and the status of this species outside the Snares we recommend that the addition of the qualifier
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9E4EB2A5572C8E933B53CDC4564215EB" originalValue="‘DP’">'DP'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Data Poor) to the current threat listing. It should also be noted that because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="113B4F427F3E13E99B75DAEEBA0E5EA6" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="D111DFD7A847F6FBEF75C90C6DC97CE1" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from a number of islands and island groups it does not meet the definition of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="002A62EE6E258A77EC18EC3FE1DA188F" originalValue="‘IE’">'IE'</normalizedToken>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B709083853A9A7178C0F2BFEBB63A484" author="Townsend, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="B86" refString="Townsend, AJ, de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Molloy, J, Miskelly, C, Duffy, C, 2008. The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/." title="The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http: // www. doc. govt. nz / publications / conservation / nz-threat-classification-system / nz-threat-classification-system-manual- 2008 /" year="2008">Townsend et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A1C12209F6586C313C9926357BE0968" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3C010F2C26BD8A27CEDEBA987BB7994" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also should be qualified
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E56D739B9D9C380AC8E890723E0E9EF6" originalValue="‘CD’">'CD'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Conservation Dependent) because the largest known population occurs within a Nature Reserve and World Heritage site (The Snares) where it is vulnerable to the spread of disease, weed and rat incursions, all of which would have a profound impact on its long-term security. Because of these threats, which put at risk not only the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18D20799B5053A79452EC0E33AB0A2CE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Brassicales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0BA3C45D1EEF90552772E86F8A07457" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lepidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but all other Snares terrestrial biota, access to the islands is strictly controlled by the New Zealand Department of Conservation, which also undertakes regular biosecurity inspections of the island group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |