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<document id="4E9ECEB51EA0CF2BE1D24C0CDC8AD95E" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225" ID-ZooBank="94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80" ID-publisher-id="117225" URI-arpha="255F6420-5705-5F50-9167-509E6C76FA1C" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1721676390257" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Angus, Robert B., Maté, Jason F., Angus, Elizabeth M. &amp; Král, David" docDate="2024" docId="EE13BC0C504859B79CEF09240294C48E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1207: 205-299" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1207" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/117225/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Aphodius (Liothorax) felix Angus, Maté, Angus &amp; Král, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="79A36FAF-5DDF-45AC-99BB-A9BC5CDBEC67" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="299" masterDocId="255F642057055F509167509E6C76FA1C" masterDocTitle="Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="299" masterPageNumber="205" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1721676524171" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="B0DAD5A1991F9362EF711F19E88D9840">Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AFE3CF233FD0EBC7B209942D7D4F64EE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="26B1972C113B34BC72C55B4185905DE6">Angus, Robert B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="62C2FBDBF3563BB66EF058DE87AF7856" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3860-5617</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9ACFDC892C867460B5E7EBDF4CF0EB05">Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="B3EC147201163254EF5138B9BF1BBD99">Maté, Jason F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1AF1A82506AD506CC24109A03533ACDF" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2505-7113</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="FFF203FAD9FC4B5FDF685E71E2F590AE">c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5E8097223B11DCC846F1F30E3D71989A">Angus, Elizabeth M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="349D2896152976CE0B137C0EFFF0130A">Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DC28F782D8FCB31DBF77188B636562FA">Král, David</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B6D2F1BE94E4A22017FA5F6900094E71" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7930-1927</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7E583BF8D675CCD0E3468E543F9E2D37">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="09273381E03F7C7F0D314FE0EAAF624D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="813252D75CA77EA3CDB8ABA8347AE18A">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6A0F3099393A6CBDB0FFEFEE7F22EE0C">2024-07-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="38999333D656376AE04F1621EF6655D7">1207</mods:number>
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<treatment id="EE13BC0C504859B79CEF09240294C48E" ID-arpha="EE13BC0C-5048-59B7-9CEF-09240294C48E" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/79A36FAF-5DDF-45AC-99BB-A9BC5CDBEC67" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79A36FAF-5DDF-45AC-99BB-A9BC5CDBEC67" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79A36FAF-5DDF-45AC-99BB-A9BC5CDBEC67" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE13BC0C504859B79CEF09240294C48E">
<subSubSection id="C9F5D4FE9FB5E7FC1296220E966E50C2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D74B2EC529B4ABB29B0B48D43A3A6CF1">
<taxonomicName id="6CD09F04ED124F4F2E047222B78D8016" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felix" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Liothorax">
<emphasis id="6E590B798425374593BD0C303B991FB0" italics="true">Aphodius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="8446465333A1D8279CD1743C44B648DE" italics="true">Liothorax</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="13959198A5847E37B4DFF6C8C4CC478A" italics="true">felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4471DF7F9B0970A869598C0660F0782E" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13BE7BA26DA41D65C9AABF4220768280" type="description">
<paragraph id="F5109E6AEA2EC6007A0B4FCE30D87F25">
<figureCitation id="8CBC2968100DB34DA90283160399203F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. a g whole beetles a A. niger, SV, Tullgarn b A. muscorum, holotype HU, Vörös tó c A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice d A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, Corsica, by Lac de Melo e A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia f A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia g A. wilsonae, holotype, SP, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097462">Figs 4 c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4D34186ADC42CB5BEF7F43DDD1B95C07" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 i</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A99659BF222CD4061DA6CDAAA932C7F0" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. a k epipharynxes a, b A. kraatzi, SV c, d A. isikdagensis paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere e, f A. felix sp. nov., paratypes g, h A. bameuli paratypes i A. alberti?, AR j A. krelli sp. nov., paratype k, l A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes. Scale bar: 0.5 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097467">8 e, f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="03FBF4C77632454E7D59497C82D1A5F5" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aphodius niger group, pronotal bases 1 a A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. cf. niger, CZ, České Budějovice c A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi d A. felix sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097476">15 d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F32EF1C9CF23624DACCC80A8FAE44FB9" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aphodius niger group, pronotal bases 2 a A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica b A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia c, d A. wilsonae, paratypes, SP, Manzanares el Real e A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097478">16 v</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="17C8A3392557CDAD442AA09559B83DA0" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Legs a h A. plagiatus group, stacked photographs mid tarsi and apical portions of tibiae a A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gangca, Qinghai b A. rodrigoi sp. nov. holotype, SP, Aranjuez c A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay d A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala e A. discoides, neotype, IS, Keneitra f, g A. kraatzi f SV g RU, Karasuk, W. Siberia h A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg i t A. niger group, mid tarsi, and tibial apices i o SEM images p t stacked photographs i A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn j A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi k, l A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica m, n A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia o A. wilsonae, paratype SP p, q A. felix sp. nov, IT, Abruzzo, Campo Felice p paratype q holotype r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily s A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere t A. alberti sp. nov., holotype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag u, v fore tibiae and tarsi of ♂♂ to show the spur. u A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica v A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg w, x apex of hind tibia to show the short spines w A. muscorum, HU x A. wilsonae, paratype, SP. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097482">18 p, q</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8E54F16E4C572C77A4D2B91F2C81E738" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Metaventrites, A. niger group a d A. niger a, c, d SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b GB, Hampshire, New Forest a, b ♂ c, d ♀ e, g j A. muscorum e holotype ♀, HU, Vörös-tó f A. felix sp. nov., paratype ♂, IT, Campo Felice g ♂, HU, Hortobágyi h, i ♀♀, HU, Kisujszallas j ♀, HU, Josvafo k A. felix sp. nov. paratype ♀, IT, Campo Felice l, m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia l ♂ m ♀ n, o A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes, TR, Rize, Ovitdag n ♂, o ♀ p r A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica p ♂ q, r ♀ s, t A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia s ♂ t ♀ u w A. wilsonae, paratypes u, v SP, Manzanares el Real u ♂ v ♀ w ♀, SP, El Vellon x, y A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere x ♂ y ♀. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097488">21 f, k</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C3EB25802787DE3C3CDAF25D14086F52" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. A. niger group, aedeagi with inflated endophalli, stacked photographs and SEM images a e, g w right lateral view f viewed from above a c A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn a stacked photograph b the same aedeagus, SEM image c detail of endophallic teeth d f A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest d stacked photograph e, f SEM images g i A. wilsonae, SP, Areños g stacked photograph h SEM image, i detail of endophallic teeth j l A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype j stacked photograph k SEM image l detail of endophallic teeth m o A. krelli sp. nov., holotype m stacked photograph n SEM image o detail of endophallic teeth p r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype p stacked photograph q SEM image r detail of endophallic teeth s, t A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype s stacked photograph t SEM image of endophallus u A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi, stacked photograph v, w A. felix sp. nov., holotype, SEM images v aedeagus w detail of endophallic teeth. Black Scale bar: 0.5 mm for aedeagi and endophallus, white SEM scale on black background: 50 μm for details of endophallic teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097492">23 v, w</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="435E03EA3436437BCE5EB311266FEF57" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Aedeagal encasements (9 th abdominal sternite) a A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest b A. muscorum, HU, Hortobagyi c A. felix sp. nov., IT, Campo Felice d A. alberti sp. nov., TU, Ovit Dağı e A. bellumgerens sp. nov., IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia f A. bameuli sp. nov., FR, Corsica, Haute-Corse g A. wilsonae, SP, Cantabria, Corconte h A. kraatzi, RU, Chita Reg. i A. plagiatus, UK, Norfolk, Hunstanton j A. plagiatus, CN, Beijing k A. rodrigoi sp. nov., SP, Madrid, Aranjuez l A. chellala sp. nov., AG, Chellala, paratype m A. rutilipennis sp. nov., CY, Konakli, paratype n A. discoides sp. nov., paratype. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097496">25 c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="82AC3D3C27E6CC959C2FAC3A69BCC149" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Spermathecae a e A. plagiatus plagiatus a CZ, Dobre Pole b GB, Norfolk c KZ, Karaganda d, e RU, Transbaikal, Ulan Ude f, g A. p. sinoplagiatus, CN f Gansu g holotype, CN, Qinghai h, i A. discoides, TR h Kizil dag, i Muʂ j A. rutilipennis CY, Limassol distr k A. rutilipennis?, GR Thesaloniki l A. chellala, paratype, AG, Chellala m, n A. rusakovi m paratype, RU, wet but not covered n KZ, Syr-Darja o s A. kraatzi o, p SK q RU, Astrakhan r RU, Lenkoran s AF, Kabul t A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest u A. muscorum HU, Hortobágyi v A felix, paratype, IT w, x A. bameuli, paratypes, FR y A. krelli, sp. nov., IT z A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT a , b A. alberti sp. nov., TR paratypes c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR Ḉamildere d , e A. wilsonae, SP d paratype, SP, Madrid e SP, Soria. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097499">26 v</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="57401DE1B7AD6783E03A59F59B612217" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Mitotic chromosomes arranged as karyotypes a e A. felix sp. nov. IT, Abruzzo. Campo Felice a, b holotype ♂ a plain b the same nucleus C-banded c holotype ♂ C-banded, autosome 8 polymorphic, 9 subacrocentric d paratype ♂, C-banded, autosomes 8 and 9 metacentric e paratype ♀ f i A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sicily f, g A. bellumgerens sp. nov., ♂, paratype f plain g C-banded h, i A. bellumgerens sp. nov., ♀, paratype h plain i C-banded. Scale bar: 5 μm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097519">32 a e</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3LBM" type="type material">
<paragraph id="EAB8FD6502F57ECF37F5DB3C9D50BCFF">
<heading id="BAC715BF834AC8AA41E0D73AA2E6FBBA" reason="title">Type material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D4EDD0DD27988C29FA95201A50104297">
<materialsCitation id="F00E29269E0C70EF7FBB0BF6B571FCED" collectingDate="2009-06-01" collectingDateMax="2009-06-07" collectingDateMin="2009-06-01" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="R. B. Angus. Chromosome &amp; R. B. Angus" country="Italy" location="Abruzzo" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Abruzzo" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="4B301194B6143A46B6A69936DDDB0C6C" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="B89CA2FB2DC0ADAB255F3899FB4257C6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="DEF8EDA4A73A58409330EB2A61F8DD60" count="1" type="male"></specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="44E38418A8013DCED2ED80EEC2206F3D" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="F16B4AFD55DA6E072923D4815044D269" country="Italy" name="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</collectingRegion>
, Campo Felice. Washed into pool.
<date id="EBA4CA7716AC088A69274283E23E4DD8" value="2009-06-01">
<collectingDate id="7D2B455DD0C8A0F67094FF29D3E4B4ED" value="2009-06-01">1. vi. 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="E996AF74FCC7D9A696AB59A8D794B65E">R. B. Angus. Chromosome</collectorName>
prep. 4,
<date id="41D9147BD79E21B4C183CAAA7D32C757" value="2009-06-07">
<collectingDate id="E818C13AAC6854AFCE7DEFED0645AB4F" value="2009-06-07">7. vi. 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="94E177A815F03D7824525860EC7F3E18">R. B. Angus</collectorName>
(
<named-content id="EF2012647E82B6513BBFF9F560DD8B31" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="5B0B958B719928D1F4CAF0825DA886E7" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<emphasis id="C0CF04D022CDF9FB161B6E612C44D87D" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="0810869A274E8F82A17B098A49B4C471" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="4A0372080B09155B2614A38220580705" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, data as
<typeStatus id="1F1AF7271AF499F92FCD6991B8CF025C" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, chromosome prep. 3,
<date id="1B7BF0F27A7AA7A564A3566BDCF70818" value="2009-06-07">7. vi. 2009</date>
. R. B. Angus;
<specimenCount id="3696F591C89B9D554C2D10C7FAE56C1D" count="3" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, data as
<typeStatus id="CB8D4DAD671909DD0A073E3E4CEF088F" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, chromosome preps 1 3,
<date id="9E74D42AA0363BFCF57A05855EDAAFE4" value="2009-06-09">9. vi. 2009</date>
. R. B. Angus (
<named-content id="D33527ACF2C425A0DE34C7F2AD266CF2" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="F956A4E7ED08675CFBDA4F2116B38157" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
);
<specimenCount id="B11828413EA56D19E441724DD7142DB7" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, data as
<typeStatus id="0A69FA80FB2D9D01CEB3018C7F9E136F" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<date id="86C486D5FFDF775C4851DE54EBEDB2D6" value="2009-06-01">1. vi. 2009</date>
(sequenced) (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESMBM" xlink_title="Jason Maté Collection">
<collectionCode id="9CB2080B3D1421442827D26B75BCCD51">JFMC</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
);
<collectingRegion id="1BEA89C06CC19E17E2DA8A370DC0729C" country="Italy" name="Basilicata">Basilicata</collectingRegion>
, M. Sirino (
<collectionCode id="EFE74399C624DE29B3B041D3724CDB97">PZ</collectionCode>
)
<date id="EB8E4F0D6F51CCBBF3CFB330E366505E" value="1997-11">XI. 1997</date>
<quantity id="827450D25D5AD7CDA416A0D306F346C8" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" unit="m" value="1550.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1400.0">14001700 m</quantity>
Leg. F. Angelini (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWMBM" xlink_title="Jason Maté Collection">
<collectionCode id="D1EC72BE4BC8DCEC72E6D12A73001325">JFMC</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E1MBM" type="Differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="72D449939F13A4E77789A8A34AEFFB66">
<heading id="5065E843A75101DCA60B34C6867F6907" reason="title">Differential diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F2BF7C24C8A7515FDA3A96C6560D4C6">
<taxonomicName id="091C72770811D99D4790119A815B1C8E" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felix" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="56F95B398A011096B3D408657944D328" italics="true">Aphodius felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CFD49801E4B7B47CEC609D47EECE7D8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was the first new species to be recognised, after
<taxonomicName id="A3949685F0A6F554E0FF2B8A4C699B54" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilsonae">
<emphasis id="3DFDC79C2A9807EEE8B052E48213EE98" italics="true">A. wilsonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, initially because of its small y chromosome. The endophallic teeth are large, as in
<taxonomicName id="CEA3F7FF66B62D16C52EAA5E6933CC32" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1797" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="5C2C21B9C826F0FF20F673B1C517BDA8" italics="true">A. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the basal segment of the mesotarsi is not longer than the longer mesotibial spur. The pronotum is fairly strongly punctate and the sides bulge outwards so that the lateral margins are not visible from above either all the basal 1 / 2 or visible again in the basal 1 / 6 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="61888955940D765E0D70EDD63D1C1EE2" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 i</figureCitation>
), a character shared with Sicilian
<taxonomicName id="EC6E8FF7EF373E5B6CF63400D0A97CDD" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellumgerens">
<emphasis id="19B73CCAA5FB912B08C35CA7B0033707" italics="true">A. bellumgerens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="77573D98B5E3E67A82C58A8BF4360709" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 j</figureCitation>
). Chromosomally, these two species are clearly distinguished by their X chromosomes, the X being clearly the longest in the nucleus in
<emphasis id="869E17152D76F62B8BC0697583EBF2EF" italics="true">A.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="38FF58B2E350F1D931AAC2F0C7617E1F" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellumgerens">
<emphasis id="C23CFD64F6C29BD465B4540351B919F8" italics="true">bellumgerens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fig.
<figureCitation id="352E6EE4D8D346C85BA64A7A0A8B9B07" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Mitotic chromosomes arranged as karyotypes a e A. felix sp. nov. IT, Abruzzo. Campo Felice a, b holotype ♂ a plain b the same nucleus C-banded c holotype ♂ C-banded, autosome 8 polymorphic, 9 subacrocentric d paratype ♂, C-banded, autosomes 8 and 9 metacentric e paratype ♀ f i A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sicily f, g A. bellumgerens sp. nov., ♂, paratype f plain g C-banded h, i A. bellumgerens sp. nov., ♀, paratype h plain i C-banded. Scale bar: 5 μm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097519">32 f i</figureCitation>
), but clearly shorter than autosome pairs
<quantity id="062591A68A98C7E73BC55CDB4ADE7D15" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="2.54" unit="in" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">13 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="5FAAA54A1E304EB89E8781AC5C5C2B91" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis id="061CB072A48AB1D1260DB93F0FB900AA" italics="true">A. felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="DCF4D682CDCC996A80D0CF3CCEC74155" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Mitotic chromosomes arranged as karyotypes a e A. felix sp. nov. IT, Abruzzo. Campo Felice a, b holotype ♂ a plain b the same nucleus C-banded c holotype ♂ C-banded, autosome 8 polymorphic, 9 subacrocentric d paratype ♂, C-banded, autosomes 8 and 9 metacentric e paratype ♀ f i A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sicily f, g A. bellumgerens sp. nov., ♂, paratype f plain g C-banded h, i A. bellumgerens sp. nov., ♀, paratype h plain i C-banded. Scale bar: 5 μm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097519">32 a e</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EYPBM" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="4156E12CFFC461857BAE066FF4C04615">
<heading id="E365DCEA08A19DD2C7105DC0DA788242" reason="title">Redescription.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7951728FB5FCF6A86953477AFA5A4DDA">
General appearance (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8AC19B6EE1B999D23CCAFFCFED9BCBC3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. a g whole beetles a A. niger, SV, Tullgarn b A. muscorum, holotype HU, Vörös tó c A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice d A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, Corsica, by Lac de Melo e A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia f A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia g A. wilsonae, holotype, SP, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097462">4 c</figureCitation>
). Length:
<quantity id="C91B944DEBF671EC407B2FF5A0C942FE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.4" unit="mm" value="4.45" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.4">4.44.5 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="294D289BB9203E430FD41C13757AFF6D" count="1" type="male"></specimenCount>
), 4.25.0 mm (
<specimenCount id="005117C61465A983BF8A2E5941B3E64E" count="1" type="female"></specimenCount>
); width: 1.92.0 mm (
<specimenCount id="6CDCC66639097EA090C9579D5464CD4A" count="1" type="male"></specimenCount>
),
<quantity id="D771A1919A8291A0831F5C813F5BB0A6" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.6" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.6">1.62.3 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="4815FBAF090290B74B1AB4AF661388F8" count="1" type="female"></specimenCount>
). Glossy black, tarsi, and tibial spurs dark brown, tibiae with a hint of brown-bronze reflections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="164CF78367117F5F26001D4A6A4849AC">
Head with dorsal surface domed, flatter behind frontoclypeal suture. Frontoclypeal suture distinct, completely non-tuberculate but with smooth elevated areas each side of the median straight section and a weaker elevation medially. Genae rounded, strongly protuberant laterally in front of eyes. Clypeus with rounded median emargination, angles either side of this rounded. Clypeus and genae with strong raised margin, this slightly brownish. Surface strongly and more or less evenly punctuate, the punctures separated by ca 1.5 × their diameter, and finer medially. Antennae and palpi more or less black. Epipharynx (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B7772740423C980263D3FEECD8EBADA7" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. a k epipharynxes a, b A. kraatzi, SV c, d A. isikdagensis paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere e, f A. felix sp. nov., paratypes g, h A. bameuli paratypes i A. alberti?, AR j A. krelli sp. nov., paratype k, l A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes. Scale bar: 0.5 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097467">8 e, f</figureCitation>
) clithra evenly excised either side of the median tylus, chaetopedia with four or five rather stout spines and spines of chaetopariae mainly shorter than chaetopedia. Head and pronotum as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="F350FFCCBD22A7E311CB2BD7A5E285AC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 i</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="084D1132E745DF0777AD8C64E4DAF755">
Pronotum hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely but more or less flat longitudinally, lateral margins more or less parallel, but slightly convergent anteriorly, weakly and very evenly curved. Pronotal surface bulging outwards from the general curvature over all or part of the basal 1 / 2 of the pronotum, ca 1 / 4 of the way in from each side, so that the lateral margins are not visible from above either in all of the basal 1 / 2 of the pronotum, or visible in the basal 1 / 6 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3C9C054CDC9DAC38894344C20B8890FC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 i</figureCitation>
). Lateral margins with distinct raised border, this continued very finely over the lateral 1 / 3 of the basal margin, the median 1 / 3 of which normally lacks any border Occasionally the median 1 / 4 of the basal margin is bordered but on either side of this is an unbordered section amounting to one 1 / 4 of the length of the basal margin (Fig.
<figureCitation id="995EFF35BDD8A4094E9944A7C8175764" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aphodius niger group, pronotal bases 1 a A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. cf. niger, CZ, České Budějovice c A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi d A. felix sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097476">15 d</figureCitation>
). Anterior margin without any trace of a raised border. Surface with double punctation of variable strength. Larger punctures separated by 24 × their diameter, sometimes very strongly impressed and with the pronotal surface depressed immediately round their edges, but sometimes more moderate and with the pronotal surface evenly curved around them. Finer punctures dot-like, in some specimens separated from one another by ca 2 × their diameter but in other specimens much sparser, separated by 46 × their diameter. Pronotal surface between the punctures smooth, glossy. Scutellum: elongate, pentagonal, ca 10 % of elytral length, glossy black with brownish lateral and apical edges, and with sparse punctures medially. Elytra: glossy black but the interstices slightly duller than head and pronotum and with fine isodiametric reticulation (visible at × 40 magnification with bright diffuse illumination) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1C552BAAE34DA90E1B3C34110816D804" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aphodius niger group, pronotal bases 2 a A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica b A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia c, d A. wilsonae, paratypes, SP, Manzanares el Real e A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097478">16 v</figureCitation>
). Striae narrow (ca 1 / 5 the width of the interstices), vertical sided and with punctures separated by ca 2 × their diameter. In the
<specimenCount id="95BB9D40D9EBCD6BADF3DE4C632926A3" count="2" type="male">two ♂♂</specimenCount>
the punctures bulge into the interstices but in the
<specimenCount id="4C3304A0CA8D0A858ACDD3B9ABDB5D5B" count="3" type="female">three ♀♀</specimenCount>
they hardly deflect the strial margins. Lateral margins of the elytra distinct, at base strongly upcurved in front of the humeral bulges; stronger basally and at apex ca as wide as stria 2. Interstices 4 × as wide as striae, with fine sparse punctation, this a bit stronger in the humeral area in front of abbreviated stria 9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73A468D9D516651C556367ECDBBB15D8">
Metaventrite: median diamond-shaped plate fairly strongly punctate, concave to the depressed mid-line (
<specimenCount id="8E8FA00134CCF16F3E55F2CF745A25FC" count="2" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2DB11054A8E5366892813992B031AE5C" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Metaventrites, A. niger group a d A. niger a, c, d SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b GB, Hampshire, New Forest a, b ♂ c, d ♀ e, g j A. muscorum e holotype ♀, HU, Vörös-tó f A. felix sp. nov., paratype ♂, IT, Campo Felice g ♂, HU, Hortobágyi h, i ♀♀, HU, Kisujszallas j ♀, HU, Josvafo k A. felix sp. nov. paratype ♀, IT, Campo Felice l, m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia l ♂ m ♀ n, o A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes, TR, Rize, Ovitdag n ♂, o ♀ p r A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica p ♂ q, r ♀ s, t A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia s ♂ t ♀ u w A. wilsonae, paratypes u, v SP, Manzanares el Real u ♂ v ♀ w ♀, SP, El Vellon x, y A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere x ♂ y ♀. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097488">21 f, k</figureCitation>
), flat with faint median impressed line to median concavity over middle 1 / 3 of the diamond-shaped area (
<specimenCount id="40C4ED9019CEE4B8AC4042E5ED3AAD78" count="3" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
). Legs: black with dark brown tarsi and tibial spurs, rather long and slender, basal segment of hind tarsi as long as segments 2 + 3 + 1 / 2 of segment 4. Longer spur of mid tibiae longer than basal segment of mid tarsi, though sometimes the segment is almost as long as the spur (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4CD98156FF181EA8009B4A7ECEB220EA" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Legs a h A. plagiatus group, stacked photographs mid tarsi and apical portions of tibiae a A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gangca, Qinghai b A. rodrigoi sp. nov. holotype, SP, Aranjuez c A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay d A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala e A. discoides, neotype, IS, Keneitra f, g A. kraatzi f SV g RU, Karasuk, W. Siberia h A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg i t A. niger group, mid tarsi, and tibial apices i o SEM images p t stacked photographs i A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn j A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi k, l A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica m, n A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia o A. wilsonae, paratype SP p, q A. felix sp. nov, IT, Abruzzo, Campo Felice p paratype q holotype r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily s A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere t A. alberti sp. nov., holotype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag u, v fore tibiae and tarsi of ♂♂ to show the spur. u A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica v A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg w, x apex of hind tibia to show the short spines w A. muscorum, HU x A. wilsonae, paratype, SP. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097482">18 p, q</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4CB7F104A909D7B2F785A7631CD38422">
Aedeagus (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0E1FC38732B74662027D0F5CD4E413E1" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. A. niger group, aedeagi with inflated endophalli, stacked photographs and SEM images a e, g w right lateral view f viewed from above a c A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn a stacked photograph b the same aedeagus, SEM image c detail of endophallic teeth d f A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest d stacked photograph e, f SEM images g i A. wilsonae, SP, Areños g stacked photograph h SEM image, i detail of endophallic teeth j l A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype j stacked photograph k SEM image l detail of endophallic teeth m o A. krelli sp. nov., holotype m stacked photograph n SEM image o detail of endophallic teeth p r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype p stacked photograph q SEM image r detail of endophallic teeth s, t A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype s stacked photograph t SEM image of endophallus u A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi, stacked photograph v, w A. felix sp. nov., holotype, SEM images v aedeagus w detail of endophallic teeth. Black Scale bar: 0.5 mm for aedeagi and endophallus, white SEM scale on black background: 50 μm for details of endophallic teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097492">23 v, w</figureCitation>
): size and shape of parameres as
<taxonomicName id="1ED1CC5E3C7DADF9949E7DFB47B41339" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1797" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="4C2DEF92F2A99E9293FA20A9D673500B" italics="true">A. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and spines of endophallus strong as in
<taxonomicName id="B67E9D2A7E917F23D5C9B40B56005F8F" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1797" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="63503324E3830E1A3A28610F82250DDC" italics="true">A. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Longest teeth on endophallus 45 μm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EASBM" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6DB3C565680E7A9412896953CD70D978">
<heading id="6A15D3B2CE01CFE2BB8FD51915AE5C53" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CFE5CF4799D32A894FEE810F79D9BB86">
<taxonomicName id="9EF2E4D566440F70233D535FBBEFDFAF" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis id="79970CE9DC165ED1BA3C5A46DB70FAD2" italics="true">felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Latin, happy, named from the
<typeStatus id="0C5862F312C30C0CDDA8A9B1E5F0A275">type</typeStatus>
locality, Campo Felice.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQSBM" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="F1790E9E4517E300B8CCF43C4CBF552C">
<heading id="B5FB9EBC2FD444653DA7D300A7F5EA8E" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="85883D89F862E276B85DE37857BB0AD8">
As yet this species is known only from the
<typeStatus id="023BD21B8AC4A4C80D6C54B22945D8ED">type</typeStatus>
series. The beetles were taken at the edge of a pool below a grassy slope on Campo Felice (Fig.
<figureCitation id="82A8A0526DEB9EDCBFC40324627B9454" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. a distribution of niger - group taxa in Western and Central Europe b distribution of Liothorax species in Central and Eastern Palearctic c distribution of plagiatus - group species in Central and Eastern Palearctic. The record of isikdagensis with the question mark indicates a doubtful specimen from Artvin Çam, TR (Ziani Coll)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097509">29 a</figureCitation>
) in the
<collectingRegion id="8EB2562E5AA9CC9DB8B94117CFC4238E" country="Italy" name="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</collectingRegion>
mountains (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EAB2ED609A9BEDFA829D246F39EC0A0E" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Habitat pictures a A. plagiatus, RU, Pavlosk Park b A. rodrigoi sp. nov., SP, Toledo, Quero c A. p. sinoplagiatus, CN, Tibet, Ganca d A. kraatzi, RU, Astrakhan oblast e A. alberti sp. nov., TU, Ovit Dağı (photograph Copyright Yunus Yasuv) f A. felix sp. nov., IT, Campo Felice." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097505">28 f</figureCitation>
) after a day of continuous heavy rain. A return visit a day or so later, after better weather, yielded no further specimens, so that it seems that this species lives at the roots of the grass and other herbs rather than in the mud at the waters edge. Specimens from northern and central
<collectingCountry id="38E23B0AD8CA369A68309EBD51A6D024" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
mentioned in
<bibRefCitation id="2D0336BEB00934D29CAF481DCD7F3D07" author="Maté JF &amp; Angus RB" firstAuthor="Mate" journalOrPublisher="Koleopterologische Rundschau" pagination="325-336" refId="B33" refString="Maté JF, Angus RB (2005) Description of a new species of Aphodius Illiger from the Iberian Peninsula and comments regarding the biogeography and ecology of the subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky. Koleopterologische Rundschau 75: 325336." title="Description of a new species of Aphodius Illiger from the Iberian Peninsula and comments regarding the biogeography and ecology of the subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky." volume="75" year="2005">Maté and Angus (2005)</bibRefCitation>
are most likely
<taxonomicName id="223489B334DCAACF56FBCD41A0A5213C" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis id="875B000880F351F53222267F8FDF22D1" italics="true">A. felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See Remarks after
<taxonomicName id="B249F9CB9DB7129E2628A77530E2682E" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellumgerens">
<emphasis id="D19E55E88FB6739D729F111ED90EE787" italics="true">A. bellumgerens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>