279 lines
27 KiB
XML
279 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="7A390A6BE1CEDEEFD1D53B28F253E690" ID-CLB-Dataset="33801" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58b3b015-a919-456b-9175-f96878341e31" ID-PMC="PMC3497256" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-239-1" ID-PubMed="23226711" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-239-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 239" ModsDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres ( Cyamon and Trikentrion)" checkinTime="1451248578713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Soest, Rob van, Carballo, Jose Luis & Hooper, John" docDate="2012" docId="EE11F4364D6F2C4D4B8FA236633B8630" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 239: 1-70" docOrigin="ZooKeys 239" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" docTitle="Trikentrion flabelliforme Hentschel 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="3639FF9B0F54FFEACF6A573ADC3CDF3D" masterDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1732685788563" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BE65C28343D8F1E8747222FCBB848200">Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="90021F69B6A0BE1058179B5E2ADF4A69">Soest, Rob van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B20DE5325382C3E4E40F1BC01B669A96">Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6AAED2A615EDDFAE1C948957CF6505FB">Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:classification id="FE76BC77993EB5D0C685A4EA18CB545E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="EE11F4364D6F2C4D4B8FA236633B8630" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037778" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE11F4364D6F2C4D4B8FA236633B8630" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE11F4364D6F2C4D4B8FA236633B8630" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection id="0A936B0934DFA621C2B57C9B03357C23" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F70F2380E4A580AC9781D5446BCA679F" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="0E2ADE892276B08338517AE9F1D6BD5D" ID-CoL="58TTB" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Trikentrion_flabelliforme" authority="Hentschel, 1912" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme Hentschel, 1912</taxonomicName>
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Figs 22
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<normalizedToken id="0E64A1541964F3A09C449AAC54C36143" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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, 23
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<normalizedToken id="1355D9887A7B119DDBF520A8AFB3F321" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1D153662A0D91F2FAB8DE28A314DA781" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7A2D68C1B7DCF387B61BD6E545701EC4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="D4948E3D15ED1C62568C9A1792B710FE" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
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sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="4C34DF6A97F32D9DDDD6C1F4EE8AB5C8" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="New sponges, observations on old ones, and a proposed new group. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 10: 106 - 125." url="10.1080/00222938209459681" year="1882">Carter 1882</bibRefCitation>
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: 294 (West Australia) (not:
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<bibRefCitation id="A2AD309A6433444439A8C7F60A14B2EE" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter 1879</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6B3DDF55E9C4439716B8E19EEFAFC903" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="50AC48DEE136985E637BF068F403FCBF" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="D61536D60369BF98385596516FD81A2F" author="Hentschel, E" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="293 - 448" title="Kiesel- und Hornschwaemme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln." volume="34" year="1912">Hentschel 1912</bibRefCitation>
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: 373, pl. 13 fig. 9, pl. 20 fig. 32 (Aru Islands, Indonesia);
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<bibRefCitation id="37B8EEEB6BA00D746A3DBBF6D7A6AEC8" author="Capon, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="6545 - 6550" title="The trikentrins: novel indoles from the sponge Trikentrion flabelliforme." url="10.1016/S0040-4020(01)88117-5" volume="42" year="1986">Capon et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 6545;
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<bibRefCitation id="50B3D2A0D9BF71A94CD1154105CAD739" author="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1179 - 1418" title="Revision of the family Raspailiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species." url="10.1071/IT9911179" volume="5" year="1991">Hooper 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 1298, Figs 61-62, 109h-I (North and West Australia);
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<bibRefCitation id="AAB8BC2249C4361A68E671ACCC787E23" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: Figs 18
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<normalizedToken id="6E7176F45EAB955D247A943404B093F4" originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1CA9853D9571F4D42C86E51E2462E89D" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="9D3E655715284257D96116508D0DAD88" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E8813897501C94036B53FD273E174C1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Holotype missing from SMF, but a paralectotype fragment is present in the Natural History Museum, BMNH 1931.8.4.57, which was examined by JH in 2000, type locality: Indonesia, Aru Islands, 4-15 m depth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0775D9CB330ED438CBADB09DB6E41B22" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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ZMA Por. 02426, preserved in alcohol, Siboga Exped. Stat. 273, Aru Islands, Indonesia, pearl banks off Pulau Jedan,
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<geoCoordinate id="92A8070435E14B9DE50A3A052AE354D9" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-5.4134">5.4134°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="159C1A2080621CA7D87A01E0B298555A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="134.6677">134.6677°E</geoCoordinate>
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, depth 13 m, 23
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<normalizedToken id="73BA01BEF6A5136244398B23CD2FDC99" originalValue="–12–">-12-</normalizedToken>
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1899.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8703672B5A00296BFA0D327EB72C436F" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">RMNH Por. 978, preserved in alcohol, Siboga Exped. Stat. 273, same data;</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20BEC0156E3D8F9208E98ADDE43F5393" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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ZMA Por. 14022 and 14023, preserved in alcohol, East Point, Darwin, Northern Territories, Australia, 10 m, 29
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<normalizedToken id="0FA3E5E0DC571251A0146093049F1A94" originalValue="–11–">-11-</normalizedToken>
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1987, coll. J.N.A. Hooper nrs 8 and 9;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BCFC6286A45819DC3A328748E48EB919" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ZMA Por. 16049, dry old collection material without data.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FF559F19A810C3645D864AA7A26ACC7" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E8C6D646AFCC6B4BCB5F46F245FB91CB" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="78A5C2A6EEE636C7D365A2B15896077E" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Two distinct shapes, flabelliform (Fig. 22A), 6-26
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<normalizedToken id="A947ACFF738209958BB1C186EBA4FD6D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4-19 cm high and wide, 0.2-1.4 cm thick) and digitate (Fig. 22B), up to 15 cm high, with
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<pageBreakToken id="4003B52D49F7F9EB019B8E5186724810" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">flattened</pageBreakToken>
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branches of up to 1.5 cm thickness (summary of many specimens described in Hooper, 1991). Flabelliform specimens may have blades at right angles (see Fig 22A). Frequently, the digitate specimens are infested with zoanthids (Fig. 22B). Surface optically smooth, microhispid, with characteristic pattern of fine meandering grooves. Texture firm. Colour orange-red, blood-red (shallow water) to beige (deep water).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D69AA4D1DCBEEF797C3707DAD512B0F4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<pageBreakToken id="837F124F29E235F6CDD57C5095CB922E" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">Skeleton</pageBreakToken>
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(Figs 22
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<normalizedToken id="6A3ECB25756D34DF86C74C6CDEF0F902" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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): reticulated, square meshed or polyangular (Fig. 22D), with loose extra-axial and spongin-rich axial spicule tracts cored by oxeas, echinated by triactine polyactines; at the surface protruding long thin styles are surrounded by bouquets of short thin styles (Fig. 22C).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1A19913A886ED13646D21DA3033CA16B" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Spicules (Figs 23): Long thin styles, short thin styles, oxeas, polyactines, trichodragmas.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5117DE0A368E764BA312D42E7683ADF9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Long thin styles (Fig. 23A), curved, slim, 405
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<normalizedToken id="B4E3379071C7014BC296C5A31F8544D2" originalValue="–870.3–">-870.3-</normalizedToken>
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1034
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<normalizedToken id="431123FBB97CFFD610CD7C118FF2D554" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3
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<normalizedToken id="BD02A79955CBD329DE87EDAC2F3A4B49" originalValue="–7.3–">-7.3-</normalizedToken>
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9µm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F851EE52C6775EBAF944D8D8891E7285" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Short thin styles (Fig. 23B), thinly fusiform, 182
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<normalizedToken id="C52A0B62593D6DEAD1F5173906FA71BB" originalValue="–334.7–">-334.7-</normalizedToken>
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392
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<normalizedToken id="980D840EE936E085F50AA5AE537E4FCB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5
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<normalizedToken id="83009E1E19C466462198882E10819057" originalValue="–1.8–">-1.8-</normalizedToken>
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4
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<normalizedToken id="D6E60901909B2EC8F3E72F8E7FA85C74" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2A4A7FFDA83A00A389344B4B884A1B7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Choanosomal genuine oxeas (Figs 23C, C1), not to be confused with diactinal polyactines, evenly or more angularly curved, apices mucronate and many have minute spines visible under SEM (Fig. 23C1), sizes 135
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<normalizedToken id="3BD7AE492448A0B7C8B8087B7DAC05B9" originalValue="–287.7–">-287.7-</normalizedToken>
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340
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<normalizedToken id="8AC941F7EC9412EB8BC5FD2CBB3E1D60" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5
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<normalizedToken id="9222B8D3792638CA5BAD0BA72E95D53D" originalValue="–16.8–">-16.8-</normalizedToken>
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22
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<normalizedToken id="6A3E51E72348BF1248583DA152BDC784" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="18BF2CAC6585C4AAB9CE234D60738A9D" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Polyactines (Figs 23D, D1), rare in some specimens, predominantly three-claded, with prominent spines on the basal ray, and minute apical spines on the lateral rays (Fig. 23D1) visible only under SEM, occasionally strongly curved diactines or - often smaller - tetractines, basal cladi 96
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<normalizedToken id="42602AC2847BE84FF419CDEF5F831737" originalValue="–109.5–">-109.5-</normalizedToken>
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123
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<normalizedToken id="48D1CAA369862E69418D57E20013739A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10
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<normalizedToken id="90F34973B0DD7B73D7E4DC843D1B5F89" originalValue="–13.1–">-13.1-</normalizedToken>
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17
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<normalizedToken id="919CBC5BAD05481DCC423EFE34E10F59" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, lateral cladi 51
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<normalizedToken id="BE0F1F0F94801CD1627EA55C2929D96C" originalValue="–70.0–">-70.0-</normalizedToken>
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84
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<normalizedToken id="8E2349DB213B451053215104201B489E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9
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<normalizedToken id="235DCFCF282C582AD8DFCDC7CFE1DA7D" originalValue="–12.6–">-12.6-</normalizedToken>
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17
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<normalizedToken id="B007F1F39E30943F4A844487E9F6065E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="69E3E610E451A326A903D46F20EEF1EF" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Trichodragmas (Figs 23E, E1) with individual raphides showing rugose surface (Fig. 23E1), sizes 35
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<normalizedToken id="0532149BBF0E489B4650FE6A1B2B6A40" originalValue="–59.6–">-59.6-</normalizedToken>
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88
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<normalizedToken id="ECAF63C24BB9CC6AB3CD65AD555C3A83" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6
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<normalizedToken id="33FE938614C2BEB4211410FC37E5517A" originalValue="–8.6–">-8.6-</normalizedToken>
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12
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<normalizedToken id="8D2EE9AD45FE8CB6408DA66BABB67BC5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="2F9CC0784574B0B24C8FCA9804F4FD21" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph id="7964405874234C086E9FF2EEFEE44C4C" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Figure 22.
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<taxonomicName id="95475FF8BB5DBD9C6E2B53CE8FA09FED" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
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Hentschel, 1912, A flabellate specimen ZMA Por. 14023 from Darwin, North Australia (scale bar = 1 cm) B branching-digitate specimen RMNH Por. 978 infested with zoanthids from Aru Islands Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm) C peripheral skeleton of ZMA Por. 14023 showing raspailiid character of long thin style sheathed in a bouquet of short thin styles D thick section of choanosomal skeleton of ZMA Por. 14023.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="6A6E62247642EA23BC5EAEF6AD55A774" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph id="DAAB0701C29DF46CCB7934373F06D5A7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Figure 23.
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<taxonomicName id="CFEDCFED2AA34B92B42191C2C1C357DF" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
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Hentschel, 1912, spicules of ZMA Por. 14023, A detail of rounded end of long thin style B details of short thin style C oxea C1 details of apices of oxeas showing minute spines D three- and four claded polyactines D1 detail of apex of lateral clade of polyactine showing minute spines E microphoto of trichodragmas E1 individual raphide dissociated trichodragma showing rugosities.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DAAE3F727AE4E279162BEF0CEC918D13" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8659425439718DADF9D69F3B681199B6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C8982EAC7339C486B6799832EECFF571" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Arafura Sea, N and W Australia.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="30A3061BD49542AA23A7FB2D6B4D0FA9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB7CE80F420A46DF99C83BF0E8BD67DA" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="721FE11E66406C308722B38A6B75B6CB" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Shallow subtidal to offshore deeper water.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36A78473EA2F5A6E9E58ABAE060F0592" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="656AFC4E4C79CAF6E3612F9DC047CF6C" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F047EA08CFC9EDA1BEB2FAA247F8B6A" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
The species was erroneously attributed to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D05852AC219F03586839C44789073AF3" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="New sponges, observations on old ones, and a proposed new group. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 10: 106 - 125." url="10.1080/00222938209459681" year="1882">Carter 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 294, allegedly as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D89D4CCE945E1A109729DB56A0FDA15" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||
var. flabelliforme, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="94DE254011FE16F99A61ED38694CCEB5" author="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1179 - 1418" title="Revision of the family Raspailiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species." url="10.1071/IT9911179" volume="5" year="1991">Hooper (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This is a manuscript name because Carter did not name his Australian flabellate specimen, merely referring it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EA26F132769322D3FB354EDC85BB384" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||
. That species is West African and described above as a distinct new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DEF8F416BE4DB354949BAB2A72C81BD6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
The two 'growth
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3B2ED95A4F05B23C52B053BB55B79485" originalValue="forms’">forms'</normalizedToken>
|
||
are rather distinct, but distribution, skeleton, and spicules are similar and overlapping enitirely, making it impossible to separate the forms further. The digitate form is often overgrown with a zoanthid species, both in Australian (Hooper, 1991) and Indonesian (RMNH Por. 978) specimens. The shape of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9A4AEE725F0AF158F69E76ECDD2D40" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||
reminds of Californian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F987C362B43D55C25DE8718BC122C19" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D302EBB4DDBD0F86ADB0F3341E3C57C2" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but spiculation in these species differs substantially by their lack of proper choanosomal oxeas. Comparative variation in shape is also recorded for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="648C3AA13E1842134C85BA7E246FB3C6" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2120900B18C2DFC0EE28A68686919AD0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
The apices of the oxeas and the polyactines show minute spines, which is here interpreted as a unique feature. It violates the rule that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D6BF445461654258E72FC8DC4A13877" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||
only the basal, not the lateral cladi of the polyactines have spines, but there is little correspondence with the lateral cladus spination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B157AC6B6E637FC9D92775FE6AB546D6" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7EC2FE131E9E84AE3D74688CAAACFE" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
This is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F8F2A919251D53F8F9E7E1DCE88DB3E" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that appears to be widespread and common. Chemistry of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AA7278C1935E3FF3D5A505C8E9B0237" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes unique indoles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78A1EDFEBB06B9490550140E063E81CC" author="Capon, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="6545 - 6550" title="The trikentrins: novel indoles from the sponge Trikentrion flabelliforme." url="10.1016/S0040-4020(01)88117-5" volume="42" year="1986">Capon et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E952A08D210CE3DB8B47821D765D2CE3" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
We studied an Indonesian specimen from the ZMA collection labeled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84C21D6E88CF1FB40E80045CB4A73EF9" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion elegans" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">Trikentrion elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lendenfeld identified by Burton (ZMA Por. 02402, Siboga Exped. Stat. 303, Timor, Samau Island, Haingsisi,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A890E09F34CC20E8C350C935971FCFEB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-10.205">10.2050S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C172F89885B2D60C9D21F3C1CE22D104" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="123.4591">123.4591E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 23 m), which has the shape and skeletal structure of a small digitate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CEEBB15239D2D30B8A96B6AFB67A574A" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including ectosomal long thin styles (up to 1350
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AA2F6FB0647F00EFB58E8D6E82CCDECF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
12
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CADE88A90D3F62AF59A6EFD9A12486A6" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), short thin styles (300-400
|
||
<normalizedToken id="41D647AF57106BED0C8DB17F33A28468" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1-3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9B03DFB20B57789B015A2817AA7A5E42" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), a choanosomal reticulation of robust oxeas (300-400
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C794171DF6FC99C321088500E76AE5BA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
15-20
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6CE1BA824776A56978B909BE8A6AC544" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and large amounts of trichodragmas
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="F7E8EC9BFE5E9CCA7DAFEB2CB1E63F43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
60-110
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DF54AA8C0A5AEA28E7E91B3B18764D14" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5-15
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DA576EFF39DEB7CA2B9479FD4F5BB4FF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), but lacking polyactine spicules entirely. In view of the occasional rarity of these spicules observed in some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B943C74BAB1E45B42BCBB6857A9C69AC" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is likely that it is a
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E6FE933AD2B78D2EA10048CEB00E4C31" originalValue="‘deficient’">'deficient'</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimen of this species. Anecdotal records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA7D470AF7769A2DF5C77AE50ACDBEA7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern Australia have also occasionally encountered similarly deficient specimens (B. Alvarez, pers.comm.). The locality of the Siboga specimen is neatly inbetween the type locality and the North and West Australian localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |