273 lines
33 KiB
XML
273 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="DC7144D8B2F3D43C064BFE03F8CD4FDC" ID-CLB-Dataset="33463" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9884f9b2-091d-4f9a-9284-b2e78a5e6c30" ID-PMC="PMC5240373" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-639-1" ID-PubMed="28138281" ID-ZooBank="BB23AA3FDD9E42CE92F737E047AE80C7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-639-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 639" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species" checkinTime="1481618735599" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Achterberg, Cornelis & Shaw, Mark R." docDate="2016" docId="E9209BFE2A04683161DE2210A1BDF739" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 639: 1-164" docOrigin="ZooKeys 639" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893" docTitle="Aleiodes modestus Reinhard 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="1A60FFDC4008240EFF9E5829510DDB79" masterDocTitle="Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1731886816191" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="3E0CB93309C3501757DE13D2DEEAF84B">Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C0197156436F235B6F5357324172E264">van Achterberg, Cornelis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="238E1A8F00B4F6386584755BF3356C40">Shaw, Mark R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F1548B9A6BCF08EC91812E76134E1013">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="FB6B0C066367AF7F60B712594603CCE5" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E9209BFE2A04683161DE2210A1BDF739" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902458" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E9209BFE2A04683161DE2210A1BDF739" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E9209BFE2A04683161DE2210A1BDF739" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<subSubSection id="CC49745F5D22268FE0DD32F80BACD399" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5B7E7CE0F8AF432E8A59157269685DD7" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="1DEB7C05A88C547137009F2D9D18F665" ID-CoL="BMG8" authority="Reinhard, 1863" authorityName="Reinhard" authorityYear="1863" baseAuthorityName="Reinhard" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes modestus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">Aleiodes modestus (Reinhard, 1863)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 215-216, 217-229
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4AA6288371CBBD37251F483196C3594E" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="40C125B75C09F668BC235007021D9072" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="B2256084417E0AC415712F43EEB22343" authority="Reinhard, 1863: 271" authorityName="Reinhard" authorityPageNumber="271" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas modestus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">Rogas modestus Reinhard, 1863: 271</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="D7B83D56F62691E96725383CFDD59AA5" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 1177;
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<bibRefCitation id="FCFCCBD4540A69913935FFDC63ACE78F" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="143 - 164" title="Contributions to the braconid fauna of Hungary, VII. Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="46" year="1985 a">Papp 1985a</bibRefCitation>
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: 160 (lectotype designation);
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<bibRefCitation id="0A50F228E07CD3F2C72014CA0526F055" author="Tobias, VI" editor="Medvedev, GS" journalOrPublisher="Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 501" title="Rogadinae: 72 - 85." volume="145" volumeTitle="Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4." year="1986">Tobias 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 83 (transl.: 138).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="134B6F0E5D02BC2E8E664F94E682906C" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="99E7A4002B9FD5CB165F790985EC02C0" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes modestus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">Aleiodes modestus</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A3EB3E55D1DCB59336247864FE1C2558" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Magyarorszag Allatvilaga [Fauna Hungariae]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 122" title="Parasitic wasps of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Braconidae. 18. Doryctinae. 19. Rogadinae." volume="167" year="1991">Papp 1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 99;
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<bibRefCitation id="F6D31BD2509E41ECDD135F64541223B2" author="Belokobylskij, SA" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="341 - 435" title="Checklist of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Germany." volume="53" year="2003">Belokobylskij et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 398.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C69D7E80D38102AF953FFB89C39BABD4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="D43B3F464519B6F9219FFA5492C19571" authority="Fahringer, 1932: 302-303" authorityName="Fahringer" authorityPageNumber="302 - 303" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas (Aleiodes) modestus var. piceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="modestus" subGenus="Aleiodes" variety="piceus">Rhogas (Aleiodes) modestus var. piceus Fahringer, 1932: 302-303</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A569E1F50A5CF71A45CB6ED289B676CC" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 1177.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E206A868F3D8DD95F35272A691957964" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="DED539051AA48758624CFF6552B96B77" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="85B159FB5082604A19B40299C39A36D1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Lectotype ♀ (ZMB) from Germany examined.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="175187D85EB9A969C8F0E0CF23C6B686" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="81AF867AAF877267CBE311F5CB16C122" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="63F2451D795B74AB08F6D15B6F285CBD" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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Widespread in western Europe: *Austria, British Isles (England: V.C.s 11, 17, 22, 28, 29, 31, 32, 38, 39, 52, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64; Wales: V.C.s 48, 52: Scotland: V.C.s 88, 96, 97), Bulgaria, *Czech Republic, *Denmark, Finland, *France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands (DR: Borger; Wijster, GE: Heerde; Brummen (Voorstonden), FR: Terschelling (Midsland-Noord, dunes), LI: Epen, ZH: Asperen; Meijendel (dunes)), Poland, *Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland. Specimens in NMS, MNHN, BMNH, RMNH, NRSM, BZL, MTMA, USNM, CNC, CMIM, M. Riedel coll., JLC,
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<normalizedToken id="2CA673CECFB8C6F6EFF982F22A37B646" originalValue="Delémont">Delemont</normalizedToken>
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, ZSM, MCZ, SDEI, FRAH, WAE, UWIM, ZMC, ZMUO.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E7268E64CBF0B9B231125EF8185DF3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="molecular data">
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<paragraph id="E0F3FE83E655EEF6B24F2AAB3D83F2BB" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Molecular data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C489551BC4E484DACED9E33344CDDA2C" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">MRS282 (Wales JF962850, CO1 + KU682267, 28S).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="882DC1788611FF7CC849E0BAD9A44A1A" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="EAF36C88B931148B012B950C99D3C3A1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="28870CEB5A257AA8754629DBCD50578F" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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A univoltine parasitoid of a wide range of
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<taxonomicName id="37B1ECFFC4E78A1E09C7163AA38F1BB2" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eupithecia</taxonomicName>
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species (
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<taxonomicName id="E464ABAEFB2275D28FCA484EB87A02F0" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="C2BACB0A65FE0838A6FFFE975075DDBE" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larentiinae">Larentiinae</taxonomicName>
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), mummifying the host in its pupation chamber and overwintering in the mummy. Specimens reared from wild collected hosts determined as follows:
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<taxonomicName id="6A51EDB6AE3D9428AC6567693C007012" authority="(Clerck)" baseAuthorityName="Clerck" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia absinthiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="absinthiata">Eupithecia absinthiata (Clerck)</taxonomicName>
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(2 NRS),
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<taxonomicName id="60560768426ADB2A78DFC51784962853" authority="(Huebner)" baseAuthorityName="Huebner" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia exiguata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguata">
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Eupithecia exiguata (
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<normalizedToken id="A6717AD3D101B2833FF26A1ED6D8C6D0" originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 ZMUH),
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<taxonomicName id="77418B33F01504FB873497A7C1A6CA56" authority="Staudinger" authorityName="Staudinger" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia gelidata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="gelidata" subSpecies="hyperboreata">Eupithecia gelidata hyperboreata Staudinger</taxonomicName>
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(2 SDEI),
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<taxonomicName id="FD896CE09A3BC6B47A20E0E6A9C5EB47" authority="Mabille" authorityName="Mabille" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia goossensiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goossensiata">Eupithecia goossensiata Mabille</taxonomicName>
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(2 NMS, 1 OUM; T.H. Ford),
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<taxonomicName id="168F98510C09533BE809EBC0D6E5E6F8" authority="(Hufnagel)" baseAuthorityName="Hufnagel" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia innotata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innotata">Eupithecia innotata (Hufnagel)</taxonomicName>
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(2 ZMUH, 1 ZMUO); I.
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<normalizedToken id="8781B4FD97974430EE8E429B74BE74DB" originalValue="Itämes">Itaemes</normalizedToken>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="F6187153765D0DA94558B9A70523718A" authority="(Freyer)" baseAuthorityName="Freyer" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia lariciata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lariciata">Eupithecia lariciata (Freyer)</taxonomicName>
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(1 NMS, 2 Copenhagen, 2
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<normalizedToken id="181FCADF3D556B13A0C0F7A45B175102" originalValue="Delémont">Delemont</normalizedToken>
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, 10 FRAH),
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<taxonomicName id="B7B6066798AE369840B83C4D51612806" authority="(Huebner)" baseAuthorityName="Huebner" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia nanata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanata">
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Eupithecia nanata (
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<normalizedToken id="8C7272FD4F5C2931F804EA3742378175" originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(22 NMS, 5 BMNH, 5 OUM]; T.H. Ford, G.T. Lyle),
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<taxonomicName id="93396DB7D335537668DE79C55F5904B8" authority="(Huebner)" baseAuthorityName="Huebner" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia satyrata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satyrata">
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Eupithecia satyrata (
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<normalizedToken id="279283A166AB3487D0104361BEFDF891" originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 NRS),
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<taxonomicName id="16C39F9ED1656209C86E9FA7F97C99CD" authority="(Haworth)" baseAuthorityName="Haworth" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia subfuscata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfuscata">Eupithecia subfuscata (Haworth)</taxonomicName>
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(3 OUM; T.H. Ford),
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<taxonomicName id="5168516B0288293D769A65A8BD476A82" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia succenturiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succenturiata">Eupithecia succenturiata (Linnaeus)</taxonomicName>
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(1 NMS, 1 OUM; T.H. Ford),
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<taxonomicName id="17454559B17EA44ED589849FB4F32FE7" authority="(Haworth)" baseAuthorityName="Haworth" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia vulgata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgata">Eupithecia vulgata (Haworth)</taxonomicName>
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(6 NMS, 2 OUM; T.H. Ford, M.R. Shaw) and 13 (NMS) from undetermined
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<taxonomicName id="83576C506986007E862CF3958C850975" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eupithecia</taxonomicName>
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spp on various low plants (including
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<taxonomicName id="DAC3EF6AE26342937BA98651D0F5C2EB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artemisia" order="Asterales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Artemisia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="A27851F2A9D617AD77AF03C07DD47252" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lotus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lotus" order="Fabales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lotus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="412E201B860E85603EAE06E0D465FDB4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Pimpinella" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pimpinella" order="Apiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pimpinella</taxonomicName>
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). Experimental culture result in
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<taxonomicName id="1114C1ADC1BF99FA818BA5AF170E215B" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia vulgata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgata">Eupithecia vulgata</taxonomicName>
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||
2:16\16\\7+1. While it has been reared particularly from hosts feeding on field layer plants (as is the habit of the majority of European
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<taxonomicName id="9BC16EBA98EFD542DD3BFB4CC4E2B5FE" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eupithecia</taxonomicName>
|
||
species), the rearing records also include a substantial number from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB2DFD7789135199BFF843A1DAD91BBE" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia lariciata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lariciata">Eupithecia lariciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA07697BFEE4F1CCE35767821173D514" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix" order="Pinales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Larix</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, it seems probable that many of the specimens seen were reared in a nursery context, in which young
|
||
<taxonomicName id="370657FDDF9D3D16726EB8E0516EEE99" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix" order="Pinales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Larix</taxonomicName>
|
||
would have presented as part of the field layer, and it is perhaps significant that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93F1E3EA8270835DF3563ACAC70BF0DE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes modestus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">Aleiodes modestus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not found to be a prominent parasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45BE3DF3305DEA050106178491BC2C7B" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia lariciata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lariciata">Eupithecia lariciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
on mature
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90080FF380816161F5B022E69796B0E7" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix" order="Pinales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Larix</taxonomicName>
|
||
sampled in the Alps (although it was indeed reared from it in small numbers at most sampling sites:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC7676C12243D6A826C905E9BB882FFF" author="Kenis, M" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural and Forest Entomology" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" pagination="307 - 318" title="Parasitoid assemblages reared from geometrid defoliators (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) of larch and fir in the Alps." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9555.2005.00277.x" volume="7" year="2005">Kenis et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The host larva is usually fully grown and cocooned in the soil as a prepupa by the time mummification occurs, and the wide and sharp-rimmed clypeus of the adult probably reflects the need to chew its way through the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="861E61CF5C81236D908DA4238E6CBF5C" originalValue="host’s">host's</normalizedToken>
|
||
cocoon and soil. The winter is passed in the mummy, which is rather tough and dark, slightly dorso-ventrally flattened but not keeled (Fig. 216), and sometimes weakly upcurled. Typically the thoracic and first two abdominal segments are contracted, with the parasitoid occupying approximately abdominal segments 3-8 in a thin silken lining. The mummy is not stuck down, though probably the usual ventral opening for the expulsion of fluid occurs none the less (however, this is unconfirmed). The adult flight time in Britain is approximately from late June through August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B02D58611C386C662344010B465573CC" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="33AF8C62522D5DBBD179FDBD9DD85EE6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Figures 215-216.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5D01AE47AA2AD08B4B235BF0EB41A81" authority="(Reinhard)" baseAuthorityName="Reinhard" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes modestus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">Aleiodes modestus (Reinhard)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀, England, Santon Downham. 215 habitus lateral 216 mummy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6647CCDB24E4206DA5577767976EC30" authority="(Haworth)" baseAuthorityName="Haworth" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euphithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euphithecia vulgata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgata">Euphithecia vulgata (Haworth)</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DAABA7963F93EB0C38D4B7E5A83C7F71" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="0D84E0B4E7C975D2DC5DC8443CEDD795" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E1933673426D1CC71FA1493C6CE0D6C" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Antennal segments of both sexes 37
|
||
<normalizedToken id="080B0B224E73121BECFA159868C14CEA" originalValue="–(40–45)–">-(40-45)-</normalizedToken>
|
||
47 and third segment rather slender (Fig. 223); ventral margin of clypeus thin and protruding (Fig. 226); maximum width of hypoclypeal depression about 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DC4758322F7E5A5ECBC1DAE421DF4E7A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
minimum width of face (Fig. 225); length of malar space of female 0.2-0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6B6D785245A7D792DB054BFEB3D21FF5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
height of eye in lateral view (Fig. 226); OOL about equal to diameter of posterior ocellus (Fig. 227); area in front of
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="6DDA17F1B0448BE521C237B2AB1FC574" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" start="start">anterior</pageBreakToken>
|
||
ocellus with a minute smooth tubercle (Fig. 227); vein r of fore wing 0.5-0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CE85E0E505FB35C2A4F06AF7EE8C8289" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
vein 3-SR; vein 1-SR of fore wing short (Fig. 217); vein 1r-m of hind wing distinctly shorter than vein 1-M (Fig. 217); mesopleuron above precoxal area strongly shiny and superficially sculptured; third tergite without distinct striae; pterostigma largely yellow
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="503F4A25B8DD50CA90E0694CCE87EDF7" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" start="start">or</pageBreakToken>
|
||
yellowish brown; inner side of basal half of hind tibia yellowish; head and mesosoma largely blackish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0E9D8A00412768B1580596D8152C685E" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<paragraph id="437AE95DE3F0EE803DDD0A486319F66B" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Figures 217-229.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF7BA611D8934ABEC64C6C117FA354FA" authority="(Reinhard)" baseAuthorityName="Reinhard" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes modestus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">Aleiodes modestus (Reinhard)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀, Netherlands, Wijster. 217 wings 218 mesosoma lateral 219 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 220 hind leg lateral 221 fore femur lateral 222 antenna 223 basal segments of antenna 224 apical segments of antenna 225 head anterior 226 head lateral 227 head dorsal 228 base of hind tibia 229 inner apex of hind tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8E17C0AA0D197ED46AFA255AD3B0A6A5" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E95EA5066B3AEE58B0D76B275C5A3844" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6CFF7F5AE96AFDE72367305894A99ABE" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figured ♀ (RMNH) from Wijster (Netherlands), length of fore wing 5.4 mm, of body 5.6 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4287608DB551228EE3A92C9902B43D9C" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Head. Antennal segments of ♀ 43, moderately setose, length of antenna 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5B3EAA0877BCE84409161AC2DEE430FD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
fore wing, its subapical segments distinctly longer than wide (Fig. 224); frons rather flat and granulate; OOL equal to diameter of posterior ocellus and finely granulate; vertex finely granulate, with satin sheen; clypeus rather large, micro-granulate; ventral margin of clypeus thin and rather protruding forwards (Fig. 226); width of hypoclypeal depression 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="38832457C6EB178AB2A56B5D9ECCDE44" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
minimum width of face (Fig. 225); length of eye 1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C7061F88490E04D93ECB58DC5C573466" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
temple in dorsal view (Fig. 227); occiput behind stemmaticum mainly granulate with some rugulae; clypeus near lower level of eyes; length of malar space 0.25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="69FE195CCD87CF69CBE0EE71A57352ED" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of eye in lateral view; occipital carina complete; with a minute smooth tubercle in front of anterior ocellus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="45EC6A3B0CB1AF615CE80C6D710A5EA8" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Mesosoma. Mesoscutal lobes densely and finely granulate and with punctulation, matt; prepectal carina complete, distinct; precoxal area of mesopleuron with some rugulae medially; mesopleuron above precoxal area strongly shiny, sparsely punctate and with some superficial micro-granulation (Fig. 218); metapleuron largely granulate; scutellum flat, micro-granulate and without lateral carina; propodeum convex, finely rugose and interspaces micro-granulate (Fig. 219), without tubercles, median carina complete, weak and rather irregular.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="698F8FA83D72F02EF8542F9F56734731" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Wings. Fore wing: r 0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D77A93A5D485409061D9E6516EE2DB49" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-SR (Fig. 217); 1-CU1 horizontal, slender, 0.35
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EBB0F05C9BDF9B0BA842CE404BD7DDAB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-CU1; r-m 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="33D9BAD757B605A7403199B905D2E9BA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-SR; second submarginal cell rather long (Fig. 217); cu-a vertical, straight posteriorly; 1-M slightly curved posteriorly. Hind wing: marginal cell subparallel-sided but slightly constricted medially, its apical width equal to width at level of hamuli (Fig. 217); 2-SC+R subquadrate; m-cu faintly indicated; M+CU:1-M = 5:4; 1r-m 0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1985EF240FD2324CCB4252BA2DCA0438" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as 1-M.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4BB3CDE7EB5F89892EA21F55F7FE972B" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Legs. Tarsal claws yellowish setose; hind coxa granulate; hind trochantellus rather robust; length of fore femur, hind femur and basitarsus 5.7, 5.2 and 8.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D77A108CDACC2271E89ADA3C7F928280" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
their width, respectively (Figs 220-221); length of inner hind spur 0.25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A535C4EE491991317A6BC39882824937" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
hind basitarsus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6684EC1994B53F4380B0ECC45E47DF37" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Metasoma. First tergite rather robust (Fig. 219); first and second tergites densely and rather finely rugose, with rather weak median carina, reduced posteriorly; medio-basal area of second tergite absent; length of second tergite 0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D59B3512CCC477EDEE004D2D3408ED79" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its basal width; second suture rather deep and distinctly crenulate; third tergite 0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9BDEB3A13AA6D905B632731AA6C73D70" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as second tergite, anterior two-thirds rugose and remainder of metasoma superficially granulate and punctate, somewhat compressed; fourth and apex of third tergite without sharp lateral crease; ovipositor sheath widened and setose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="839914D88E728243202CE989770D0A8C" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Colour. Black; palpi, tegulae and pterostigma yellow; veins (except basally) dark brown; malar area ventrally, orbita dorsally and posteriorly, pronotum anteriorly and ventrally, mesopleuron antero-dorsally and postero-ventrally, hind coxa (but basally black), medio-posterior part of mesoscutum, first tergite latero-posteriorly, second and third tergites dark reddish brown; apical half of hind femur largely dark brown, except
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="5BFDD9C3F16766C451406AACFC0459CC" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" start="start">apically</pageBreakToken>
|
||
; antenna, telotarsi and clypeus dark brown; remainder of legs yellowish brown or blackish; wing membrane subhyaline.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8DC0722D310CE3F3CE42873DF7EDEFAE" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Variation. Antennal segments of ♀ 38(1), 39(0), 40(0), 41(1), 42(18), 43(27), 44(12), 45(4) and of ♂ 40(1), 41(1), 42(2), 43(37), 44(18), 45(2); length of antenna of ♂ 1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E4DEB171527BD0FC514C1945D551325B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
fore wing; length of eye of ♀ 1.2-1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6D2BDF8F0C5F5ECE85B5424EC1C85FAA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
temple in dorsal view, of ♂ 1.6-2.5 times; dark specimens have mesosoma, metasoma and hind coxa nearly completely black; pale specimens have scapus, pedicellus, clypeus, entire orbita, notaulic area of mesoscutum, metapleuron posteriorly, first tergite apically and most of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F4470D6798B74F81B57FFA821B854AA6" originalValue="second–fourth">second-fourth</normalizedToken>
|
||
tergites dark reddish brown; pterostigma sometimes slightly infuscate laterally, but remaining largely yellow; the infuscation of the hind femur is sometimes diffuse; vein cu-a of fore wing vertical or oblique; rugae of precoxal area may be entirely absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="500745F1551E7DF7B666039B02F5309F" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="8EA1156A0EFDBB59D077DA618F517635" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Note.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="561E4F9223CD06D32A9213F2DF2BD792" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
The number of antennal segments does not differ appreciably between the sexes. The specimens reported from Hungary by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B974673CE45EDE7C5FE7DDA97CBF07A7" author="Papp, J" editor="Mahunka, S" journalOrPublisher="Budapest" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="315 - 337" title="A survey of the Braconid fauna of the Hortobagy National Park (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), II." volumeTitle="The Fauna of the Hortobagy National Park" year="1983">Papp (1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A19387FABD471620D7811B44DD28A5A" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="143 - 164" title="Contributions to the braconid fauna of Hungary, VII. Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="46" year="1985 a">1985a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FBACCF389E1B0C833EE7A08A9B5DC190" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="137 - 194" title="A checklist of the Braconidae of Hungary (Hymenoptera)." volume="66" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are misidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CBD113229A87461716DFD29E0FB8019" authority="(Reinhard)" baseAuthorityName="Reinhard" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes fortipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortipes">Aleiodes fortipes (Reinhard)</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |