treatments-xml/data/E4/3A/37/E43A3710FFF57E62FCCB64B9394CEB75.xml

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<mods:title>Annotated list of anurans from the lateritic plateau of western India with notes on malformations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Mudke, Madhushri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Gururaja, K. V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Aravind, Neelvara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Check List</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName authority="Joshy, Alam, Kurabayashi, Sumida &amp; Kuramoto, 2009" authorityName="Joshy, Alam, Kurabayashi, Sumida &amp; Kuramoto" authorityYear="2009" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Euphlyctis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="691" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mudigere">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="691">
<emphasis box="[813,1359,1711,1735]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="691" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1044,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="691">Euphlyctis mudigere</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Joshy SH &amp; Alam MS &amp; Kurabayashi A &amp; Sumida M &amp; Kuramoto M" box="[1050,1359,1711,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="691" pagination="97 - 116" refId="ref9647" refString="Joshy SH, Alam MS, Kurabayashi A, Sumida M, Kuramoto M (2009) Two new species of the genus Euphlyctis (Anura, Ranidae) from southwestern India, revealed by molecular and morphological comparisons. Alytes 26 (1 - 4): 97 - 116." type="journal article" year="2009">Joshy, Alam, Kurabayashi,</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
Sumida &amp; Kuramoto, 2009
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[813,1419,1787,1879]" pageId="6" pageNumber="691">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,970,1787,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="691">New records.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-01-02" collectionCode="MM, RS" country="India" county="Udupi" latitude="13.3698" location="Saralebettu" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="74.7975" municipality="Manipal" pageId="6" pageNumber="691" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<collectingCountry box="[984,1062,1787,1811]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="691">INDIA</collectingCountry>
• 
<collectingRegion box="[1100,1218,1787,1811]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="6" pageNumber="691">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty box="[1235,1305,1787,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="691">Udupi</collectingCounty>
: 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1322,1415,1787,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="691">Manipal</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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, site code I (
<geoCoordinate box="[1073,1190,1821,1845]" degrees="13.3698" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="691" precision="5" value="13.3698">13.3698°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1200,1325,1821,1845]" degrees="074.7975" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="691" precision="5" value="74.7975">074.7975°E</geoCoordinate>
), obs. by 
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and 
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, 
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<collectingDate box="[959,1080,1855,1879]" pageId="6" pageNumber="691" value="2017-01-02">2 Jan. 2017</collectingDate>
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, 95 individuals. 
<figureCitation box="[1257,1339,1855,1879]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[168,231,1954,1974]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,160,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[181,1406,160,1930]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Reference images of all anurans from the laterite plateaus of Manipal. A. Duttaphrynus melanostictus. B. Euphlyctis aloysii. C. Euphlyctis karaavali. D. Euphlyctis mudigere. E. Minervarya caperata. F. Minervarya sahyadris. G. Minervarya rufescens. H. Hoplobatrachus tigerinus. I. Sphaerotheca dobsoniii. J. Microhyla laterite. K. Microhyla nilphamariensis. L. Uperodon mormoratus. M. Hydrophylax bahuvistara. N. Indosylvirana intermedia. O. Indirana duboisi. P. Polypedates maculatus. Q. Polypedates pseudocruciger. R. Pseudophilautus wynaadensis. S. Rhacophorus malabaricus." pageId="6" pageNumber="691">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
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.
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="693" pageId="6" pageNumber="691" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[812,1420,1897,2091]" lastBlockId="8.[168,775,160,218]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="693" pageId="6" pageNumber="691">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,974,1897,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="691">Identification.</emphasis>
The SVL is 
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. This species has sparse granules on its dorsum and an unmistakable, inverted, W-shaped mark. It has a pair of dark vocal sacks. The hind feet are fully webbed. This species is the smallest among species of 
<taxonomicName authority="(Joshy et al. 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Joshy" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Euphlyctis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="691" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1205,1319,2033,2057]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="691">Euphlyctis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Joshy SH &amp; Alam MS &amp; Kurabayashi A &amp; Sumida M &amp; Kuramoto M" pageId="6" pageNumber="691" pagination="97 - 116" refId="ref9647" refString="Joshy SH, Alam MS, Kurabayashi A, Sumida M, Kuramoto M (2009) Two new species of the genus Euphlyctis (Anura, Ranidae) from southwestern India, revealed by molecular and morphological comparisons. Alytes 26 (1 - 4): 97 - 116." type="journal article" year="2009">Joshy et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
)
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. This species is one of the most abundant frogs throughout the plateau. The call is distinctive, continuous, and repetitive, and only heard during monsoons.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="692" startId="7.[168,222,162,182]">
<paragraph blockId="7.[168,1419,162,211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,244,162,182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Table 3.</emphasis>
Brief description of reported malformations in the study area followed by species names and number of individuals affected for each species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<table box="[176,1374,238,540]" gridcols="3" gridrows="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<tr box="[176,1374,238,256]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<td box="[176,453,238,256]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Type of malformation</td>
<td box="[495,1009,238,256]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Description</td>
<td box="[1066,1374,238,256]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Species and number of individuals affected</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[176,1374,269,287]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<td box="[176,453,269,287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Nematode infection</td>
<td box="[495,1009,269,287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Roundworm infection</td>
<td box="[1066,1374,269,287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Joshy, Alam, Kurabayashi, Sumida &amp; Kuramoto" authorityYear="2009" box="[1066,1189,269,287]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Euphlyctis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mudigere">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1066,1189,269,287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Euphlyctis mudigere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[176,1374,299,341]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<td box="[176,453,299,341]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Anophthalmia</td>
<td box="[495,1009,299,341]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Missing eye</td>
<td box="[1066,1374,299,341]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1066,1205,299,317]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormoratus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1066,1205,299,317]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Uperodon mormoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1) 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Jerdon" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1066,1197,323,341]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Minervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1066,1197,323,341]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Minervarya rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[176,1374,353,419]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<td box="[176,453,353,419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Dermal lesion</td>
<td box="[495,1009,353,419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Infectious or non-infectious lesion of the skin</td>
<td box="[1066,1374,353,419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Joshy, Alam, Kurabayashi, Sumida &amp; Kuramoto" authorityYear="2009" box="[1066,1189,353,371]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Euphlyctis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mudigere">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1066,1189,353,371]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Euphlyctis mudigere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1) 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi &amp; Sumida" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1066,1194,377,395]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Minervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caperata">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1066,1194,377,395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Minervarya caperata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1) 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[1066,1220,401,419]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1066,1220,401,419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Hoplobatrachus tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[176,1374,432,450]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<td box="[176,453,432,450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Amelia</td>
<td box="[495,1009,432,450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Missing limb</td>
<td box="[1066,1374,432,450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi &amp; Sumida" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1066,1193,432,450]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Minervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caperata">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1066,1193,432,450]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Minervarya caperata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[176,1374,462,480]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<td box="[176,453,462,480]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Micropthalmia</td>
<td box="[495,1009,462,480]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Small eye</td>
<td box="[1066,1374,462,480]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi &amp; Sumida" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1066,1193,462,480]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Minervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caperata">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1066,1193,462,480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Minervarya caperata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[176,1374,492,510]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<td box="[176,453,492,510]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Combination of ectrodactyly and micromely</td>
<td box="[495,1009,492,510]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Complete absence of digit including metatarsal bone and small limb</td>
<td box="[1066,1374,492,510]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Joshy, Alam, Kurabayashi, Sumida &amp; Kuramoto" authorityYear="2009" box="[1066,1189,492,510]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Euphlyctis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mudigere">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1066,1189,492,510]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Euphlyctis mudigere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[176,1374,522,540]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<td box="[176,453,522,540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Cloacal prolapse</td>
<td box="[495,1009,522,540]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Organs such as the bladder,intestines and uterus seen protruding from the cloaca</td>
<td box="[1066,1374,522,540]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[1066,1220,522,540]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1066,1220,522,540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Hoplobatrachus tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="692" startId="7.[168,232,2012,2032]" targetBox="[220,1369,597,1987]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph blockId="7.[168,1419,2012,2091]" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,256,2012,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Malformations in anurans in the study area. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[689,710,2012,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">A.</emphasis>
Anophthalmia in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[883,1090,2012,2032]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormoratus">
<emphasis box="[883,1090,2012,2032]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Uperodon mormoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1102,1121,2012,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">B.</emphasis>
Amelia in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi &amp; Sumida" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1226,1414,2012,2032]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Minervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caperata">
<emphasis box="[1226,1414,2012,2032]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Minervarya caperata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,188,2041,2061]" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">C.</emphasis>
Combination of ectrodactyly and micromely in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Joshy, Alam, Kurabayashi, Sumida &amp; Kuramoto" authorityYear="2009" box="[635,814,2041,2061]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Euphlyctis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mudigere">
<emphasis box="[635,814,2041,2061]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Euphlyctis mudigere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[824,844,2041,2061]" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">D.</emphasis>
Micropthalmia in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi &amp; Sumida" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1014,1200,2041,2061]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Minervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caperata">
<emphasis box="[1014,1200,2041,2061]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Minervarya caperata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1209,1227,2041,2061]" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">E.</emphasis>
Nematode infection in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Joshy, Alam, Kurabayashi, Sumida &amp; Kuramoto" authorityYear="2009" box="[190,370,2071,2091]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Euphlyctis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mudigere">
<emphasis box="[190,370,2071,2091]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Euphlyctis mudigere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[380,397,2071,2091]" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">F.</emphasis>
Dermal lesion in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Joshy, Alam, Kurabayashi, Sumida &amp; Kuramoto" authorityYear="2009" box="[556,736,2071,2091]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Euphlyctis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mudigere">
<emphasis box="[556,736,2071,2091]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">Euphlyctis mudigere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[745,766,2071,2091]" pageId="7" pageNumber="692">G.</emphasis>
Cloacal prolapse in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[952,1181,2071,2091]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="692" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">Hoplobatrachus tigerinus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="8.[168,776,235,326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="693">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,263,235,259]" pageId="8" pageNumber="693">Habitat.</emphasis>
This species was often heard and seen calling from small to medium-sized ephemeral puddles along roadsides or in gardens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[168,776,343,367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="693" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="8.[168,776,343,367]" box="[168,776,343,367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="693">
<heading box="[168,776,343,367]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="693" reason="9">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,314,343,367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="693">Distribution.</emphasis>
This frog is endemic to south-western 
<collectingCountry box="[713,771,343,367]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="693">India</collectingCountry>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>