Annotated list of anurans from the lateritic plateau of western India with notes on malformations Author Mudke, Madhushri Author Gururaja, K. V. Author Aravind, Neelvara Author Singal, Ramit text Check List 2020 2020-06-05 16 3 685 698 http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16.3.685 journal article 10.15560/16.3.685 1809-127X Euphlyctis mudigere Joshy, Alam, Kurabayashi, Sumida & Kuramoto, 2009 New records. INDIA • Karnataka : Udupi : Manipal , Saralebettu , site code I ( 13.3698°N , 074.7975°E ), obs. by MM and RS , 2 Jan. 2017 , 95 individuals. Fig. 3D . Identification. The SVL is 28.1–34.8 mm . This species has sparse granules on its dorsum and an unmistakable, inverted, W-shaped mark. It has a pair of dark vocal sacks. The hind feet are fully webbed. This species is the smallest among species of Euphlyctis ( Joshy et al. 2009 ) . This species is one of the most abundant frogs throughout the plateau. The call is distinctive, continuous, and repetitive, and only heard during monsoons. Table 3. Brief description of reported malformations in the study area followed by species names and number of individuals affected for each species.

Type of malformation	Description	Species and number of individuals affected
Nematode infection	Roundworm infection	Euphlyctis mudigere (1)
Anophthalmia	Missing eye	Uperodon mormoratus (1) Minervarya rufescens (1)
Dermal lesion	Infectious or non-infectious lesion of the skin	Euphlyctis mudigere (1) Minervarya caperata (1) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (1)
Amelia	Missing limb	Minervarya caperata (1)
Micropthalmia	Small eye	Minervarya caperata (1)
Combination of ectrodactyly and micromely	Complete absence of digit including metatarsal bone and small limb	Euphlyctis mudigere (1)
Cloacal prolapse	Organs such as the bladder,intestines and uterus seen protruding from the cloaca	Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (1)

Figure 7. Malformations in anurans in the study area. A. Anophthalmia in Uperodon mormoratus . B. Amelia in Minervarya caperata . C. Combination of ectrodactyly and micromely in Euphlyctis mudigere . D. Micropthalmia in Minervarya caperata . E. Nematode infection in Euphlyctis mudigere . F. Dermal lesion in Euphlyctis mudigere . G. Cloacal prolapse in Hoplobatrachus tigerinus . Habitat. This species was often heard and seen calling from small to medium-sized ephemeral puddles along roadsides or in gardens. Distribution. This frog is endemic to south-western India .