185 lines
21 KiB
XML
185 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16e49379-c3df-4587-85a4-5f8b083cb79c" ID-PMC="PMC7892531" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1016-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A0E84531AFDD55CE83CE1920DE511C0B" ID-PubMed="33628078" ID-ZooBank="E25A831ECDAB40609B5F17C22EB3EFC4" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1016-49" checkinTime="1613177956461" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gonzalez-Vallejo, Norma Emilia & Amador-Carrillo, Stephanie" docDate="2021" docId="E422A22421B45007BB165FE591C3ED61" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1016: 49-61" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1016" docPubDate="2021-02-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071" docTitle="Megadenus smithi González-Vallejo & Amador-Carrillo 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="B1F27E92-096F-4D99-8697-EBA5F1CDD2B2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="A0E84531AFDD55CE83CE1920DE511C0B" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="A0E84531AFDD55CE83CE1920DE511C0B" masterDocTitle="Assessment of Megadenus holothuricola Rosen, 1910 (Eulimidae), an endoparasite of Holothuria mexicana Ludwig, 1875 (Holothuriidae) in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the description a new species" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1732482122434" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F13959ECD401E73E7E6ADBC2FFF4B35D">Assessment of Megadenus holothuricola Rosen, 1910 (Eulimidae), an endoparasite of Holothuria mexicana Ludwig, 1875 (Holothuriidae) in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the description a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8749C61DC7728A2580EEF4170582BB1F">Gonzalez-Vallejo, Norma Emilia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B220AB4275A17C67F9A65E7D5AECC123">El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Depto. Sistematica y Ecologia Acuatica, Av. Centenario km. 5.5 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, CP. 77014, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1A8B0B0863F0C01744EA2172136414EB" type="email">negv0707@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F35A3832451F58F8F15ED17BACDBFA21">Amador-Carrillo, Stephanie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="86D9AD1AD689F76431B66851A39F2041">El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Depto. Sistematica y Ecologia Acuatica, Av. Centenario km. 5.5 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, CP. 77014, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C649C4872A16EA0139ECCEFDF73CC7D8">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="27A8E1E5ABC63B58DC5269C1B211D45E">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E72D127F126CB0F71600ED01656C044A">2021-02-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B824FEEBD7705B9F7A4575D8FE57BDD0">1016</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="10C85D54C52155C230F087C2985B60FF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="47BC0A2738BAD3551718FE651C036461" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="2D3EB6252219D9228B45C342A4CF6F81" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="results">
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<treatment id="E422A22421B45007BB165FE591C3ED61" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177383285" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B1F27E92-096F-4D99-8697-EBA5F1CDD2B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E422A22421B45007BB165FE591C3ED61" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Eulimidae">
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<subSubSection id="C2C2265A0CECD87A79C158F766FC549B" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="91D35395CE8B43F6D5D76F7219B51924" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="3DC2C3AC8566E6892A064AB2405F20B3" ID-CoL="7S3GX" LSID="http://zoobank.org/B1F27E92-096F-4D99-8697-EBA5F1CDD2B2" authority="González-Vallejo & Amador-Carrillo, 2021" authorityName="González-Vallejo & Amador-Carrillo" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Eulimidae" genus="Megadenus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadenus smithi" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="smithi" status="sp. nov.">Megadenus smithi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0CF7056B7F41BCAE108FB7807D3179B" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="2CD84CC6DC10D4B42B11DFEFE895642C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Megadenus smithi sp. nov. A holotype female in apertural and posterior views (ECOSUR- 0234) SL = 6.5 mm x 4.0 mm wide B paratype male in apertural and lateral view, showing the tentacles SL = 4.0 mm. x 3.5 mm wide C pedal gland view D distal open proboscis view. Scale bars: 1.2 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B); 0.6 mm (C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507833" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Fig. 3A-D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CD48B45319DF9FE391BB71FD019F1C76" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="8B6424A72FBB73269BC57921EE9B1E7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1086025150C93D08346112139936E201" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="7A9756B9652D0BCB274C9320E14C9B79" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Holotype</emphasis>
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(ECOSUR-0234) female; paratypes (ECOSUR-0235) two males, one juvenile from the type locality found attached in the cloacal chamber of
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<taxonomicName id="81565FD98AC0C3329DE2AA9F28DB432B" authorityName="Jaeger" authorityYear="1833" class="Gastropoda" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holothuria (Halodeima) atra" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atra" subGenus="Halodeima">Holothuria (Halodeima) atra</taxonomicName>
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Jaeger, 1833 collected on 11 September 2011 by J Smith.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B2C9D15D08917982FBC4E2191C713DEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="272F233D60B03CF5721DE69C0DF72231" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3D77B1A80D08C4BD6086B6219E81B4E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Palmyra Atoll, Central Pacific Ocean, shallow water in reef lagoon.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FF3585E56981DFAD90679AAB66D66E40" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="7C9A8E7CCC52896908CF0F9503A40F9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="99BA18FF4F786D0EBFD6641FA361D0E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">This species is being named after the collector Mr. J. Smith, as a means of recognition, for his sampling efforts.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B23A6DE95D10AF72AC808F57A21577CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="179143F1AB0540510E5BB551E582F398" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="024F5F4CA0DBC304587730CB9EB0BD89" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Known only from the type locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6B18F8B0F89ED89C8D876FB20FEB4BC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="64517720CA26367803419423F89D591B" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F9A29EC8164C7DB8734196EA529EA1EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Female shell globose to conical, transparent, fragile, glassy, colorless, fine incremental axial stria; apex mucronate glassy white not tilt; proboscis slightly dark; large pedal gland.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4EC9967A55BA3917F8179B8C1EE8FB0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B36D0C928561C01C153D416419C955AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A5E15342A8E1FFA93116005D50F3573F" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="4B1183A7C14E514CF83D0B53C016AB32" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Shell</emphasis>
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globose, translucent, thin, fragile, colorless, smooth sculpture, with fine axial striae, several growth scars of earlier outer lip positions are irregularly spaced, suture impressed. Adult shell 6.5 mm long; 4.0 mm wide; body whorl 4.5 mm long (holotype Fig.
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<figureCitation id="7580E5813CA0F18C6C15912BA556AF4C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Megadenus smithi sp. nov. A holotype female in apertural and posterior views (ECOSUR- 0234) SL = 6.5 mm x 4.0 mm wide B paratype male in apertural and lateral view, showing the tentacles SL = 4.0 mm. x 3.5 mm wide C pedal gland view D distal open proboscis view. Scale bars: 1.2 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B); 0.6 mm (C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507833" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">3A</figureCitation>
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). Teleoconch 5.5 convex whorls, three flat, small post-larval whorls, the penultimate whorl 1.0 mm. Aperture broad, inner lip smooth, concave at base, outer lip simple, slightly curved in most protruding part. Protoconch mucronate, two whorls, glassy white, no operculum or periostracum; sexually dimorphic, male with a penis behind the eye, female is 30% larger than male (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="4355C2ECC2EFBFAD72CAA9F4FE9D263B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Megadenus smithi sp. nov. A holotype female in apertural and posterior views (ECOSUR- 0234) SL = 6.5 mm x 4.0 mm wide B paratype male in apertural and lateral view, showing the tentacles SL = 4.0 mm. x 3.5 mm wide C pedal gland view D distal open proboscis view. Scale bars: 1.2 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B); 0.6 mm (C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507833" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">3B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B7F954FD5216FE66D6EB6878A927F07" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="F799815C03360914D01206F85B63B400" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Soft tissues</emphasis>
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pale cream with reddish pigmentation, seen through transparent shell. Pseudopallium cauldron-shaped in sub-adults arising from the aperture and covering large part of shell, or short mantle folds not covering female shells, smooth. When skin was removed, a thick, rounded pedal gland was visible in the aperture (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="B69279AA4A99B45169FCB3DD6368B5A1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Megadenus smithi sp. nov. A holotype female in apertural and posterior views (ECOSUR- 0234) SL = 6.5 mm x 4.0 mm wide B paratype male in apertural and lateral view, showing the tentacles SL = 4.0 mm. x 3.5 mm wide C pedal gland view D distal open proboscis view. Scale bars: 1.2 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B); 0.6 mm (C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507833" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">3C</figureCitation>
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). Head with a pair of thick long tentacles and black eyes; penis large, placed behind right eye in males.
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<taxonomicName id="CC01E389AFBF3560A6817AC4955255D0" authorityName="Thieme" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Proboscis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proboscis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Proboscis</taxonomicName>
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slightly dark colored, retractile, separate from the pseudopallium by a deep constriction.
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<taxonomicName id="91D91E4672B3E94A2C7315517F0FA328" authorityName="Thieme" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Proboscis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proboscis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Proboscis</taxonomicName>
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skin slightly contracted after fixation, forming a thick disc with the mouth distally (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="D7862FB30EC2253898433BBB1F17E105" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Megadenus smithi sp. nov. A holotype female in apertural and posterior views (ECOSUR- 0234) SL = 6.5 mm x 4.0 mm wide B paratype male in apertural and lateral view, showing the tentacles SL = 4.0 mm. x 3.5 mm wide C pedal gland view D distal open proboscis view. Scale bars: 1.2 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B); 0.6 mm (C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507833" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">3D</figureCitation>
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), almost as long as whole specimen. No egg capsules or juveniles were found.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3ACED362948DADE485A53138877C0FE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="2A606B3B37B031F6213AAF1A0433DB9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A38E95FF0AE9B1992857D20469EE448A" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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The new species shares several shell and morphological traits with the other five congeneric species. A comparison of the most important structures, almost all based on the literature, is provided in Table
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<tableCitation id="BC553E4CC32FC024A7367EB7B002A063" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of the main character states separating the species of Megadenus. The information provided is based on literature (Schepman and Nierstrasz 1913; Humphreys and Luetzen 1972; Bouchet and Luetzen 1980; Takano et al. 2017). For M. holothuricola and M. smithi sp. nov. data obtained from specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/10F1725D01C73D5F203F794640F57A9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" tableUuid="10F1725D01C73D5F203F794640F57A9F">1</tableCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="AC0A9A933AFF1487B8C8722274BEEAB5" authorityName="González-Vallejo & Amador-Carrillo" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Eulimidae" genus="Megadenus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadenus smithi" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="smithi">
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<emphasis id="9CCFFC8B157FF835D52EFD9D34CCB42A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Megadenus smithi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. resembles
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<taxonomicName id="2AFED1CC127826FAA0AAACD816988D55" lsidName="M. voeltzkowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">
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<emphasis id="267534C23D4A44F348891DD9B3826A62" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. voeltzkowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because both have a tall shell (6.5 mm), a swollen and more convex penultimate whorl than
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<taxonomicName id="7EB0463C081D6E6898EFCE8F411E5D9B" lsidName="M. holothuricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="holothuricola">
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<emphasis id="1DA3F6F29CA20148294D780FB849D51B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. holothuricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="0ED6EC1E9D5C8E22DE36BD2892859996" lsidName="M. atrae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="atrae">
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<emphasis id="D92B5AEC74FE7FD66D8431D0C5F044B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. atrae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The protoconch in
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<taxonomicName id="01597296D7538BC404C147BB7E3CCF02" lsidName="M. holothuricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="holothuricola">
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<emphasis id="2A7C0232069CFB8ECA815F7F198FCDC4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. holothuricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is transparent, 1.5 whorls, and is slightly wider than high, while in
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<taxonomicName id="49480CBED410A855C4883641B44BEC03" lsidName="M. smithi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="smithi">
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<emphasis id="885831C407830F8D98AEB0BE4FAA24B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. smithi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. it is two whorls higher than wide much like in
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<taxonomicName id="16C987B228D5CE60364A763EE1B834DB" lsidName="M. cantharelloides" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="cantharelloides">
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<emphasis id="7A8098E5C38123F2086299DB424FBE26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. cantharelloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="280B2D958958150B01A1E46C49E99EA8" lsidName="M. voeltzkowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">
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<emphasis id="C66E44E865354FBE27AF7A32A03EB45F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. voeltzkowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="7B38F5A23807D835FC113362B9040F1B" lsidName="M. atrae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="atrae">
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<emphasis id="DD0041FAE8092FA939373F9FBD05F1E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. atrae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the latter has a slightly tilted protoconch axis.
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<taxonomicName id="E168812DBF46E58DB91D6F444F530134" authorityName="Bouchet & Lutzen" authorityYear="1980" class="Gastropoda" family="Eulimidae" genus="Megadenus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadenus oneirophantae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oneirophantae">
|
||
<emphasis id="092F68EB333931FCDBFE06E31A2720CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Megadenus oneirophantae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a long thin proboscis, the pseudopallium is missing, and the species exhibits a marked sexual dimorphism with a dwarf male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F29365B773B83EAD8B559E65A5A30EFB" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507833" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="DFBBD9F9DDD4D770843939112938DF6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="84C619B5531E90E3F2513C72D15295A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FE6A49A1BBC6901C524A5F5C707B9A3" authorityName="González-Vallejo & Amador-Carrillo" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Eulimidae" genus="Megadenus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadenus smithi" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="smithi">
|
||
<emphasis id="575EDDBD0F98054C4D3FA5F7411ABDFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Megadenus smithi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="6A41ECAE11EF29912BE634EBEC6BE6B4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
holotype female in apertural and posterior views (ECOSUR-0234) SL = 6.5 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E60CBDE1D475ABFAC99186832928E2CA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.0 mm wide
|
||
<emphasis id="B51C1C4253A8A2CEEBD01B81EFB86768" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
paratype male in apertural and lateral view, showing the tentacles SL = 4.0 mm.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A8034AF9EF26570192800C78C81A19D9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.5 mm wide
|
||
<emphasis id="B6BA2BC236697DE3924D61B8996DFE3C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
pedal gland view
|
||
<emphasis id="D63757DCB3BC4730C7A53CA50683F52C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
distal open proboscis view. Scale bars: 1.2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C32CB765D4768EF835531D266399A6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 1.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="C9AC5A35DE2CD3F06AFAFA352BEBD042" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.6 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="5D82CD63736263AF5F1F218DE88E0C79" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="0D34D12D2086D47509A28822CDD9EE10" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |