Assessment of Megadenus holothuricola Rosen, 1910 (Eulimidae), an endoparasite of Holothuria mexicana Ludwig, 1875 (Holothuriidae) in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the description a new species
Author
Gonzalez-Vallejo, Norma Emilia
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Depto. Sistematica y Ecologia Acuatica, Av. Centenario km. 5.5 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, CP. 77014, Mexico
negv0707@hotmail.com
Author
Amador-Carrillo, Stephanie
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Depto. Sistematica y Ecologia Acuatica, Av. Centenario km. 5.5 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, CP. 77014, Mexico
text
ZooKeys
2021
2021-02-11
1016
49
61
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071
1313-2970-1016-49
E25A831ECDAB40609B5F17C22EB3EFC4
A0E84531AFDD55CE83CE1920DE511C0B
Megadenus smithi
sp. nov.
Fig. 3A-D
Type material.
Holotype
(ECOSUR-0234) female; paratypes (ECOSUR-0235) two males, one juvenile from the type locality found attached in the cloacal chamber of
Holothuria (Halodeima) atra
Jaeger, 1833 collected on 11 September 2011 by J Smith.
Type locality.
Palmyra Atoll, Central Pacific Ocean, shallow water in reef lagoon.
Etymology.
This species is being named after the collector Mr. J. Smith, as a means of recognition, for his sampling efforts.
Distribution.
Known only from the type locality.
Diagnosis.
Female shell globose to conical, transparent, fragile, glassy, colorless, fine incremental axial stria; apex mucronate glassy white not tilt; proboscis slightly dark; large pedal gland.
Description.
Shell
globose, translucent, thin, fragile, colorless, smooth sculpture, with fine axial striae, several growth scars of earlier outer lip positions are irregularly spaced, suture impressed. Adult shell 6.5 mm long; 4.0 mm wide; body whorl 4.5 mm long (holotype Fig.
3A
). Teleoconch 5.5 convex whorls, three flat, small post-larval whorls, the penultimate whorl 1.0 mm. Aperture broad, inner lip smooth, concave at base, outer lip simple, slightly curved in most protruding part. Protoconch mucronate, two whorls, glassy white, no operculum or periostracum; sexually dimorphic, male with a penis behind the eye, female is 30% larger than male (Fig.
3B
).
Soft tissues
pale cream with reddish pigmentation, seen through transparent shell. Pseudopallium cauldron-shaped in sub-adults arising from the aperture and covering large part of shell, or short mantle folds not covering female shells, smooth. When skin was removed, a thick, rounded pedal gland was visible in the aperture (Fig.
3C
). Head with a pair of thick long tentacles and black eyes; penis large, placed behind right eye in males.
Proboscis
slightly dark colored, retractile, separate from the pseudopallium by a deep constriction.
Proboscis
skin slightly contracted after fixation, forming a thick disc with the mouth distally (Fig.
3D
), almost as long as whole specimen. No egg capsules or juveniles were found.
Remarks.
The new species shares several shell and morphological traits with the other five congeneric species. A comparison of the most important structures, almost all based on the literature, is provided in Table
1
.
Megadenus smithi
sp. nov. resembles
M. voeltzkowi
because both have a tall shell (6.5 mm), a swollen and more convex penultimate whorl than
M. holothuricola
and
M. atrae
. The protoconch in
M. holothuricola
is transparent, 1.5 whorls, and is slightly wider than high, while in
M. smithi
sp. nov. it is two whorls higher than wide much like in
M. cantharelloides
,
M. voeltzkowi
, and
M. atrae
. However, the latter has a slightly tilted protoconch axis.
Megadenus oneirophantae
has a long thin proboscis, the pseudopallium is missing, and the species exhibits a marked sexual dimorphism with a dwarf male.
Figure 3.
Megadenus smithi
sp. nov.
A
holotype female in apertural and posterior views (ECOSUR-0234) SL = 6.5 mm
x
4.0 mm wide
B
paratype male in apertural and lateral view, showing the tentacles SL = 4.0 mm.
x
3.5 mm wide
C
pedal gland view
D
distal open proboscis view. Scale bars: 1.2 mm (
A
); 1.0 mm (
B
); 0.6 mm (
C
); 0.5 mm (
D
).