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<document id="5D56AFA85A392DD9DB0C780A06F1DFEC" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4257.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="33170" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.557156" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8f75cf6f-6fce-41d6-a734-21babf75b7db" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="557156" ID-ZooBank="98E19676-EC03-4026-B4B6-39BEC10B5A05" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1493111540232" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Karsholt, Ole &amp; Torres, Nixon Cumbicus" docDate="2017" docId="DA3B878D7233FFCFFF1261ABFAC1FA58" docLanguage="en" docName="10.11646SLASHzootaxa.4257.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4257 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stigmella epicosma Meyrick 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="2602FFF57239FFC5FF856133FFD3FFF7" masterDocTitle="Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia)" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698439074563" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="22D4D6CB4B765C0B7FC1CC038F0DCA65">Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24F095CD91889A901F7921C69370FD91">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="290B4DBFA370CEEF250A42264CE2D42A">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="115A7AC1F1106AFAEF993631F44B1433">Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F400C5009E56281598A6C176DF9BB3C6">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="DA3B878D7233FFCFFF1261ABFAC1FA58" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6051894" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128697136" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6051894" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA3B878D7233FFCFFF1261ABFAC1FA58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA3B878D7233FFCFFF1261ABFAC1FA58" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="1A8865107233FFCFFF1261ABFDB9FF45" box="[151,618,151,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="522D369B7233FFCFFF1261ABFDB9FF45" blockId="10.[151,618,151,211]" box="[151,618,151,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="096581F77233FFCFFF1261ABFDB9FF45" bold="true" box="[151,618,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFF1261ABFDB9FF45" bold="true" box="[151,618,151,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
1.
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFF3161A4FDB9FF45" ID-CoL="52LYT" authority="Meyrick, 1915" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1915" box="[180,618,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicosma">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFF3161A4FE4FFF46" bold="true" box="[180,412,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stigmella epicosma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="36034B6A7233FFCFFE2961ABFDB1FF45" author="Meyrick" box="[428,610,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Meyrick, E. (1915) Descriptions of South American Micro-Lepidoptera. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 48 (2), 201 - 256." type="journal article" year="1915">Meyrick, 1915</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A8865107233FFCFFF126189FE8CFF24" box="[151,351,186,211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="522D369B7233FFCFFF126189FE8CFF24" blockId="10.[151,618,151,211]" box="[151,351,186,211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
(
<figureCitation id="CAA92A1E7233FFCFFF1A6189FF34FF24" box="[159,231,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,195,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[153,1433,195,1890]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 8. Distribution of the central Andean Nepticulidae. 1, high-Andean species recorded at altitudes above 3700 m (after Stonis et al. 2016 d); 2, species recorded at altitudes below 3700 m; 3 8, some collecting areas in the Peruvian Andes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/557157/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CAA92A1E7233FFCFFF766188FED0FF24" box="[243,259,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1932,1955]" captionTargetBox="[172,1411,209,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1433,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9 11. Distribution of the central Andean Nepticulidae. 9, species recorded at altitudes below 3700 m; 10, 11, some collecting areas in Peru. * — Stigmella epicosma Meyrick is also known from Arica Province, northern Chile (Vargas 2011); ** S. inca sp. nov. is also discovered in southern Ecuador." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/557158/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CAA92A1E7233FFCFFE8A6188FEFEFF24" box="[271,301,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,207,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 33. Adults of the central Andean Nepticulidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/557163/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CAA92A1E7233FFCFFEBC6188FE85FF24" box="[313,342,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[158,1418,202,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[158,1428,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 37. Diagnostics of the central Andean Stigmella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/557167/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">37</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A8865107233FFCFFF126031FDA4FEC0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="522D369B7233FFCFFF126031FDE6FEEF" blockId="10.[151,1061,258,342]" box="[151,565,258,280]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="728211B57233FFCFFF126031FDE6FEEF" box="[151,565,258,280]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFF126031FDE2FEEF" ID-CoL="473BC" authority="Meyrick, 1915: 255" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityPageNumber="255" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,561,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Nepticula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicosma">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFF126031FEB3FEEF" box="[151,352,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nepticula epicosma</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="D333108A7233FFCFFEE06031FDE2FEEF" author="Meyrick" box="[357,561,258,280]" page="255" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="36034B6A7233FFCFFEE06031FE2DFEEF" author="Meyrick" box="[357,510,258,280]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Meyrick, E. (1915) Descriptions of South American Micro-Lepidoptera. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 48 (2), 201 - 256." type="journal article" year="1915">Meyrick, 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 255
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="522D369B7233FFCFFF126012FDA4FEC0" blockId="10.[151,1061,258,342]" box="[151,631,289,311]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFF126012FE18FEC0" ID-CoL="52LYT" authority="Meyrick" authorityName="Meyrick" box="[151,459,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicosma">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFF126012FE8FFEC0" box="[151,348,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stigmella epicosma</emphasis>
(Meyrick)
</taxonomicName>
; Davis 1984: 18.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A8865107233FFCFFF126073FBF6FEA1" box="[151,1061,320,342]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="522D369B7233FFCFFF126073FBF6FEA1" blockId="10.[151,1061,258,342]" box="[151,1061,320,342]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="728211B57233FFCFFF126073FBF6FEA1" box="[151,1061,320,342]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFF126073FE18FEA1" ID-CoL="52LYT" authority="Meyrick" authorityName="Meyrick" box="[151,459,320,342]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicosma">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFF126073FE8FFEA1" box="[151,348,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stigmella epicosma</emphasis>
(Meyrick)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="D333108A7233FFCFFE506073FCD8FEA1" author="Puplesis" box="[469,779,320,342]" page="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="36034B6A7233FFCFFE506073FD3AFEA1" author="Puplesis" box="[469,745,320,342]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Puplesis, R. &amp; Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis &amp; Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 28
</treatmentCitation>
(and only figs 20, 99101).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A8865107233FFCFFF1260B1FBF0FE48" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="522D369B7233FFCFFF1260B1FBF0FE48" blockId="10.[151,1437,386,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="E2FA3CC67233FFCFFF1260B1FBF0FE48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1457833078" collectingDate="1914-08" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Peru" elevation="150" latitude="-12.061389" location="Material" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-77.02806" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Lima">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFF1260B1FEA8FE6C" bold="true" box="[151,379,386,411]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<location id="574D60407233FFCFFF1260B1FF2CFE6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA3B878D7233FFCFFF1261ABFAC1FA58:574D60407233FFCFFF1260B1FF2CFE6C" box="[151,255,386,411]" country="Peru" latitude="-12.061389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-77.02806" name="Material" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Lima">Material</location>
examined
</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="2A85760B7233FFCFFE0960B0FE0BFE6D" box="[396,472,387,410]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PERU</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="4494FD127233FFCFFE6160B0FDC2FE6D" box="[484,529,387,411]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
[designated in
<bibRefCitation id="36034B6A7233FFCFFD4160B1FC2FFE6C" author="Puplesis" box="[708,1020,386,411]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Puplesis, R. &amp; Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis &amp; Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
],
<collectingRegion id="9056F8797233FFCFFB9560B1FB9DFE6C" box="[1040,1102,386,411]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lima</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="956A9B7E7233FFCFFBD960B1FB76FE6D" box="[1116,1189,386,411]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="150.0">
<elevation id="D9BFD1A87233FFCFFBD960B1FB76FE6D" box="[1116,1189,386,411]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
[
<quantity id="956A9B7E7233FFCFFB3060B1FAD2FE6C" box="[1205,1281,386,411]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="ft" value="500.0">
<elevation id="D9BFD1A87233FFCFFB3060B1FAD2FE6C" box="[1205,1281,386,411]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="ft" value="500.0">500 ft</elevation>
</quantity>
],
<geoCoordinate id="37A6505C7233FFCFFA9360B0FA44FE6C" box="[1302,1431,387,411]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" value="-12.061389">12°03'41&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="37A6505C7233FFCFFF126094FEF2FE48" box="[151,289,423,447]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" value="-77.02806">77°01'41&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="262C105B7233FFCFFEA96095FE40FE48" box="[300,403,422,447]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1914-08">
<collectingDate id="3668E9B37233FFCFFEA96095FE40FE48" box="[300,403,422,447]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1914-08">viii.1914</collectingDate>
</date>
, Parish, genitalia slide no. 28849 (
<collectionCode id="3483AE5E7233FFCFFC906094FCBFFE48" box="[789,876,423,447]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
) (see Remarks).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A8865107233FFCFFF4260F9FB56FD84" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="522D369B7233FFCFFF4260F9FB56FD84" blockId="10.[151,1437,386,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFF4260F9FEE9FE14" bold="true" box="[199,314,458,483]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFE7860F8FDABFE14" box="[509,632,458,483]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoorli">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFE7860F8FDABFE14" box="[509,632,458,483]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. schoorli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. The combination of a brown scaling of forewings base, very short lateral lobes of vinculum, and two almost equally large horn-like cornuti (rate: 1:1.2; the longer cornutus twice exceeds the width of phallus) distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFD436320FC9EFDDC" box="[710,845,531,555]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicosma">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFD436320FC9EFDDC" box="[710,845,531,555]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. epicosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the most resembling members of the group (
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFA026320FED7FDB8" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticosma">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFA026320FED7FDB8" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. alticosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFEC36304FE36FDB9" box="[326,485,567,590]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paracosma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFEC36304FE36FDB9" box="[326,485,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. paracosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFE776305FD82FDB8" bold="true" box="[498,593,566,591]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7BD557F27233FFCFFE776305FD82FDB8" box="[498,593,566,591]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
). From similar
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFC966304FC42FDB8" box="[787,913,566,591]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoorli">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFC966304FC42FDB8" box="[787,913,566,591]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. schoorli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFC566304FB9AFDB8" box="[979,1097,566,591]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamata">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFC566304FB9AFDB8" box="[979,1097,566,591]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. hamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFBD86304FB3AFDB9" box="[1117,1257,567,590]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicosma">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFBD86304FB3AFDB9" box="[1117,1257,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. epicosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be easily distinguished by the the shiny median fascia of forewing and rounded inner lobe of valva.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A8865107233FFCFFF42634DFC16FC98" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="522D369B7233FFCFFF42634DFB45FD61" blockId="10.[151,1437,386,1455]" box="[199,1174,638,663]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFF42634DFED7FD60" bold="true" box="[199,260,638,663]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="CAA92A1E7233FFCFFE96634DFEB5FD60" box="[275,358,638,663]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,207,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 33. Adults of the central Andean Nepticulidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/557163/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
). Described in
<bibRefCitation id="36034B6A7233FFCFFD8A634DFCECFD60" author="Puplesis" box="[527,831,638,663]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Puplesis, R. &amp; Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis &amp; Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 28. Wingspan: about
<quantity id="956A9B7E7233FFCFFBBD634CFB42FD61" box="[1080,1169,639,663]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="522D369B7233FFCFFF426391FD99FD4C" blockId="10.[151,1437,386,1455]" box="[199,586,674,699]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFF426391FECDFD4C" bold="true" box="[199,286,674,699]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Female</emphasis>
. Unknown (see Remarks).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="522D369B7233FFCFFF4263F5FB31FCF4" blockId="10.[151,1437,386,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFF4263F5FEABFD28" bold="true" box="[199,376,710,735]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Male genitalia</emphasis>
. Illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="36034B6A7233FFCFFDB763F5FCABFD28" author="Puplesis" box="[562,888,710,735]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Puplesis, R. &amp; Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis &amp; Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
: figs 99101 (figs 102, 103 were incorrectly identified and assigned to
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFE3863D8FD90FCF4" box="[445,579,747,771]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicosma">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFE3863D8FD90FCF4" box="[445,579,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. epicosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; they belong to
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFD7D63D8FBBEFCF4" authority="Remeikis &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Remeikis &amp; Stonis" box="[760,1133,746,771]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paracosma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFD7D63D8FC42FCF4" box="[760,913,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. paracosma</emphasis>
Remeikis &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7BD557F27233FFCFFBFC63D9FB03FCF4" box="[1145,1232,746,771]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFBFC63D9FB18FCF4" bold="true" box="[1145,1227,746,771]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="522D369B7233FFCFFF42623DFC16FC98" blockId="10.[151,1437,386,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFF42623DFE90FCD0" bold="true" box="[199,323,782,807]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bionomics</emphasis>
. The species was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="36034B6A7233FFCFFD13623CFCE1FCD0" author="Vargas" box="[662,818,783,807]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Vargas, H. A. (2011) Stigmella epicosma (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae): first distribution records from Chile and first host plant record. Neotropical Entomology, 4 (1), 152 - 153." type="journal article" year="2011">Vargas (2011)</bibRefCitation>
on native shrubs of
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFB90623CFA4BFCD1" authority="(Kunth) D. Don" authorityName="(Kunth) D. Don" box="[1045,1432,782,807]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Trixis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacalioides">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFB90623CFB0FFCD0" box="[1045,1244,782,807]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Trixis cacalioides</emphasis>
(Kunth) D. Don
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFF126200FEC6FCBC" box="[151,277,819,843]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
, growing in the coastal valleys of northern Chile and Peru. Larvae mine in August and December. Cocoon cream white (
<bibRefCitation id="36034B6A7233FFCFFE086264FDCEFC98" author="Vargas" box="[397,541,855,879]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Vargas, H. A. (2011) Stigmella epicosma (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae): first distribution records from Chile and first host plant record. Neotropical Entomology, 4 (1), 152 - 153." type="journal article" year="2011">Vargas 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Adults fly in August and December.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A8865107233FFCFFF426249FBB0FC40" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="522D369B7233FFCFFF426249FBB0FC40" blockId="10.[151,1437,386,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFF426249FE8AFC64" bold="true" box="[199,345,890,915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="CAA92A1E7233FFCFFEED6249FE78FC64" box="[360,427,890,915]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1932,1955]" captionTargetBox="[172,1411,209,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1433,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9 11. Distribution of the central Andean Nepticulidae. 9, species recorded at altitudes below 3700 m; 10, 11, some collecting areas in Peru. * — Stigmella epicosma Meyrick is also known from Arica Province, northern Chile (Vargas 2011); ** S. inca sp. nov. is also discovered in southern Ecuador." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/557158/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) This species occurs in
<collectingCountry id="2A85760B7233FFCFFD336248FD3AFC65" box="[694,745,891,914]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="9056F8797233FFCFFD726249FCE6FC64" box="[759,821,890,915]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lima</collectingRegion>
) at altitudes about
<quantity id="956A9B7E7233FFCFFB8C6249FB81FC65" box="[1033,1106,890,915]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
; recently it was also recorded from two coastal valleys in the desert of northern
<collectingCountry id="2A85760B7233FFCFFD4162ADFCD7FC40" box="[708,772,926,951]" name="Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chile</collectingCountry>
, Arica Province (
<bibRefCitation id="36034B6A7233FFCFFC4362ACFB84FC40" author="Vargas" box="[966,1111,927,951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Vargas, H. A. (2011) Stigmella epicosma (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae): first distribution records from Chile and first host plant record. Neotropical Entomology, 4 (1), 152 - 153." type="journal article" year="2011">
<collectingRegion id="9056F8797233FFCFFC4362ACFBC0FC40" box="[966,1043,927,951]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vargas</collectingRegion>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A8865107233FFCFFF4262F1FAC1FA58" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="522D369B7233FFCFFF4262F1FAC1FA58" blockId="10.[151,1437,386,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="E2FA3CC67233FFCFFF4262F1FBD7FB78" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1457833082" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Peru" county="Oyon" elevation="2920" location="Oyon" municipality="Oyon" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Lima" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFF4262F1FEE7FC2C" bold="true" box="[199,308,962,987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
. In the
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFE1D62F0FDF0FC2C" box="[408,547,963,987]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicosma">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFE1D62F0FDF0FC2C" box="[408,547,963,987]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. epicosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
material,
<bibRefCitation id="36034B6A7233FFCFFD1B62F1FC38FC2C" author="Puplesis" box="[670,1003,962,987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Puplesis, R. &amp; Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis &amp; Robinson (2000)</bibRefCitation>
also
<specimenCount id="4494FD127233FFCFFBB562F0FB8CFC2D" box="[1072,1119,963,987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="8D2988397233FFCFFBEE62F1FAD1FC2C" box="[1131,1282,962,987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
(from
<collectingRegion id="9056F8797233FFCFFADF62F1FA4BFC2C" box="[1370,1432,962,987]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lima</collectingRegion>
, genitalia slide no. 28850,
<collectionCode id="3483AE5E7233FFCFFE4762D4FDCBFC08" box="[450,536,999,1023]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
) and
<specimenCount id="4494FD127233FFCFFDDE62D4FD5BFC09" box="[603,648,999,1022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">7 ♂</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="4494FD127233FFCFFD4162D4FD23FC09" box="[708,752,999,1023]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
non-type series specimens (from
<collectingRegion id="9056F8797233FFCFFBFD62D5FB33FC08" box="[1144,1248,998,1023]" country="Peru" name="Arequipa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Arequipa</collectingRegion>
and
<location id="574D60407233FFCFFA9962D4FA8EFC08" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA3B878D7233FFCFFF1261ABFAC1FA58:574D60407233FFCFFA9962D4FA8EFC08" box="[1308,1373,999,1023]" country="Peru" county="Oyon" municipality="Oyon" name="Oyon" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Lima">Oyón</location>
, both
<collectingCountry id="2A85760B7233FFCFFF126538FF1FFBD4" box="[151,204,1035,1059]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Peru</collectingCountry>
) were listed.
<location id="574D60407233FFCFFEE96539FE4BFBD4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA3B878D7233FFCFFF1261ABFAC1FA58:574D60407233FFCFFEE96539FE4BFBD4" box="[364,408,1034,1059]" country="Peru" county="Oyon" municipality="Oyon" name="The" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Lima">The</location>
authors reported that all specimens in a series from
<quantity id="956A9B7E7233FFCFFB856538FB8BFBD5" box="[1024,1112,1035,1059]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2920.0">
<elevation id="D9BFD1A87233FFCFFB856538FB8BFBD5" box="[1024,1112,1035,1059]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2920.0">2920 m</elevation>
</quantity>
in
<collectingRegion id="9056F8797233FFCFFB076539FB39FBD4" box="[1154,1258,1034,1059]" country="Peru" name="Arequipa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Arequipa</collectingRegion>
have a distinct glossy silver basal fascia, one male specimen collected at
<quantity id="956A9B7E7233FFCFFC99651CFCA2FBB1" box="[796,881,1071,1095]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="4000.0">
<elevation id="D9BFD1A87233FFCFFC99651CFCA2FBB1" box="[796,881,1071,1095]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
in
<collectingMunicipality id="B249ACE17233FFCFFC16651CFC02FBB0" box="[915,977,1071,1095]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Oyón</collectingMunicipality>
has the basal area of the forewing glossy gold, a fuscous-gold shiny collar and greyish white palpi; additionally, the left cornutus in the phallus of this specimen from
<collectingCounty id="BB4C4E177233FFCFFECB6544FE5FFB78" box="[334,396,1143,1167]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Oyón</collectingCounty>
is half the length of that in the
<typeStatus id="8D2988397233FFCFFC946545FCABFB78" box="[785,888,1142,1167]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
from
<collectingRegion id="9056F8797233FFCFFC406545FBD7FB78" box="[965,1028,1142,1167]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lima</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="E2FA3CC67233FFCFFB976544FAC1FA58" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1457833073" collectionCode="ZMUC, BMNH" country="Peru" location="Puplesis" municipality="Robinson" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Arequipa" typeStatus="paralectotype">
It was expected that the observed differences in wing coloration and observed differences of genital structures may represent a geographical variation in the mountainous, dissected terrain where the specimens were collected. However, our recent re-examination of these similar specimens has not confirmed the attribution of all listed specimens to
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFBF765D0FB2EFB0C" box="[1138,1277,1251,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicosma">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFBF765D0FB2EFB0C" box="[1138,1277,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. epicosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and we have reassigned them to different species: from
<collectingRegion id="9056F8797233FFCFFDF96435FD37FAE8" box="[636,740,1286,1311]" country="Peru" name="Arequipa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Arequipa</collectingRegion>
(including genitalia slide nos Diškus186, Diškus187
<collectionCode id="3483AE5E7233FFCFFAC16434FA4BFAE8" box="[1348,1432,1287,1311]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ZMUC</collectionCode>
, illustrated in Puplesis &amp; Robinson: figs 102, 103) are attributed to
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFCFA6418FB27FAB4" authority="Remeikis &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Remeikis &amp; Stonis" box="[895,1268,1322,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paracosma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFCFA6418FBCBFAB4" box="[895,1048,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. paracosma</emphasis>
Remeikis &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7BD557F27233FFCFFB7B6419FA84FAB5" box="[1278,1367,1322,1347]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFB7B6419FA83FAB4" bold="true" box="[1278,1360,1322,1347]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; from Oyón (genitalia slide no. Diškus 188
<collectionCode id="3483AE5E7233FFCFFDC6647CFD44FA90" box="[579,663,1359,1383]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ZMUC</collectionCode>
, illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="36034B6A7233FFCFFCBE647DFBC5FA90" author="Stonis" box="[827,1046,1358,1383]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Remeikis, A., Gerulaitis, V. &amp; Karsholt, O. (2016 d) Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean paramo and puna. Monograph. Zootaxa, 4181 (1), 1 - 94. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4181.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="d">
Stonis
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFC0C647CFC68FA90" box="[905,955,1358,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
. 2016d
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 174179) are attributed to
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFA02647CFE22FA7C" authority="Remeikis &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Remeikis &amp; Stonis" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticosma">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFA02647CFED7FA7C" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. alticosma</emphasis>
Remeikis &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
; the
<typeStatus id="8D2988397233FFCFFDB56440FD14FA7C" box="[560,711,1395,1419]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="4494FD127233FFCFFD566440FD3BFA7D" box="[723,744,1395,1418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female"></specimenCount>
specimen (genitalia slide no. 28850
<collectionCode id="3483AE5E7233FFCFFB266440FB29FA7D" box="[1187,1274,1395,1418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
, illustrated in
<location id="574D60407233FFCFFF1264A5FF27FA58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA3B878D7233FFCFFF1261ABFAC1FA58:574D60407233FFCFFF1264A5FF27FA58" box="[151,244,1430,1455]" country="Peru" municipality="Robinson" name="Puplesis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Arequipa">Puplesis</location>
&amp;
<collectingMunicipality id="B249ACE17233FFCFFE9D64A5FE5BFA58" box="[280,392,1430,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Robinson</collectingMunicipality>
: fig. 211) is identified as an undescribed species, probably of
<taxonomicName id="95924D187233FFCFFBBF64A5FAC1FA58" authority="Meyrick." authorityName="Meyrick." box="[1082,1298,1430,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Enteucha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="60E6EA897233FFCFFBBF64A5FB77FA58" box="[1082,1188,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Enteucha</emphasis>
Meyrick.
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>