334 lines
42 KiB
XML
334 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="4D6821C33D12D41CD909B885F9A5C767" ID-CLB-Dataset="255189" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5df54694-df76-4304-8adc-c750a0c1c7eb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7850637" ID-ZooBank="203D4821-2C0D-4ECB-9298-05EE363D1F05" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1681979137333" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, R. Alexander & Beamer, David A." docDate="2023" docId="C8746C4AFFE30A12FF1BF953FDFBFA27" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5270.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5270 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Desmognathus intermedius" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="276" masterDocId="344D1432FFEF0A1CFF8CFF9CFFBCFFC9" masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of the Shovel-nosed Salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus marmoratus), with re-description of the related D. aureatus and D. intermedius" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="262" pageNumber="274" updateTime="1699514577854" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="917398A032EADA51A9B481382670D80C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E9A0DC3CFB67B434A11A53B1B4A7F015">
|
||
<mods:title id="04ED18A6ED060AA51B8DF5820FC68A28">A systematic revision of the Shovel-nosed Salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus marmoratus), with re-description of the related D. aureatus and D. intermedius</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="C15267E35CE9AEF5BCC421E079CAFE98" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="329C2FE4F1201032FFE8A551FF6F4644">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F66FBF8181851212AD5259F23EA09099">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7500E0E60778944E0B938647F27BC042">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5C43C8F915012CB8F3A4A5D474AB094D" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2524-1794</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D98A649E0C3AF1544A6C8FF3E806BAD5" type="email">rpyron@colubroid.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D3E785F2D80AB341C3F646A68C9CB572" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AFBFDCD23787B6383EF5745FD1A82F00">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F25FF74DC588C3E87989C4F016242B84">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="728BBFDCC64A758B5A50D32EACD9823C">Beamer, David A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A15410706D2BB1628B3659E9A53C5D20" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2524-1794</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DCAAFAC2BCCFA4FBADA3B4500E65E05F" type="email">rpyron@colubroid.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="AB7757695C4BF87A01E07ED9E5FA0EA3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="394106A3BC1C923EF5DE574BA8DC0E2A" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="658C0EE2AE010598B1C74F8787E4A9F3">
|
||
<mods:title id="41946E742310B27962E0A417970D4996">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="E50B06EC1B87AF3FB7C8ACC1E9CDA186">
|
||
<mods:date id="18E48213F445D114BB07CA8B73810CCF">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="7577719725DF8A7DFB7A4BF5AF2ED895" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="376C33AE39BAE309BC20DD6385F7C8E2">2023-04-20</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3D49586931B87E51B73320E1A80BC588" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="55875C7DDF3A839FDABB75D88FECED24">5270</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="438D8F9EAE9F3B0446E9CE50B4574392" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="A7F9E5D23C895FA1C0E8ACCC0122D04A">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="47144442A26D7A77BF060AF58BDF4888" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="FE57937BC85D14022D50F6899D275034">262</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="1859821F31FC2E650C0F275193B7F3E2">280</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="949D6C79AD0D44FD13B8AE13DAEB3D6E">
|
||
<mods:url id="67014E7C001D01969C3E21B42A2AABFA">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.5</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="A8DCFF0D3813F29E1FE55D13874FE765">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="33FE34B47BD9D10AD3F2F54B12303E76" type="CLB-Dataset">255189</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2619FD115D444FCCFBE50D5473BE5E4F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.5</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="595D619E76F10216CE11114BE76A38EE" type="GBIF-Dataset">5df54694-df76-4304-8adc-c750a0c1c7eb</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F540EDB2C6D6A0BBFABF30CD39C93FC7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D8B3AAC89D9EDA7529402525C39EEEBF" type="Zenodo-Dep">7850637</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C54DF1712B26E5DB0880ED485CC7231B" type="ZooBank">203D4821-2C0D-4ECB-9298-05EE363D1F05</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="C8746C4AFFE30A12FF1BF953FDFBFA27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850584" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209569758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7850584" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8746C4AFFE30A12FF1BF953FDFBFA27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C8746C4AFFE30A12FF1BF953FDFBFA27" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE30A10FF1BF953FD39F920" box="[151,645,1743,1770]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE30A10FF1BF953FD39F920" blockId="12.[151,645,1743,1770]" box="[151,645,1743,1770]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<heading id="1B2A6A30FFE30A10FF1BF953FD39F920" bold="true" box="[151,645,1743,1770]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FF1BF953FD39F920" authority="(Pope, 1928)" baseAuthorityName="Pope" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[151,645,1743,1770]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FF1BF953FD39F920" bold="true" box="[151,645,1743,1770]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FF1BF953FE5EF923" bold="true" box="[151,482,1743,1770]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">Desmognathus intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FE7EF953FDC1F920" author="Pope, C. H." box="[498,637,1743,1769]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref11624" refString="Pope, C. H. (1928) Some plethodontid salamanders from North Carolina and Kentucky, with the description of a new race of Leurognathus. American Museum Novitates, 306, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1928">Pope, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE30A10FF1BF888FCABF82D" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE30A10FF1BF888FD34F8E5" blockId="12.[151,1437,1812,2021]" box="[151,648,1812,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FF1BF888FD34F8E5" ID-CoL="727D8" authority="Pope, 1928" authorityName="Pope" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,648,1812,1836]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="marmorata" subSpecies="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FF1BF888FDACF8E5" box="[151,528,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">Leurognathus marmorata intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FD9AF889FD34F8E5" author="Pope, C. H." box="[534,648,1812,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref11624" refString="Pope, C. H. (1928) Some plethodontid salamanders from North Carolina and Kentucky, with the description of a new race of Leurognathus. American Museum Novitates, 306, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1928">Pope, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE30A10FF1BF8AFFCABF82D" blockId="12.[151,1437,1812,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FF1BF8AFFD3EF882" ID-CoL="5JCGR" authority="Martof, 1956" authorityName="Martof" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,642,1843,1867]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="marmorata" subSpecies="melania">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FF1BF8AFFE49F882" box="[151,501,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">Leurognathus marmorata melania</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FE77F8AFFD3EF882" author="Martof, B. S." box="[507,642,1843,1867]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref11293" refString="Martof, B. S. (1956) Three new subspecies of Leurognathus marmorata from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 575, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1956">Martof, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type specimen UMMZ 111564 by original designation, collected 4 Sepember 1954 by “the Bernard Martof family,” type locality “Otter Creek, tributary of the Nantahala River, 0.5 of a mile west of Tellico Gap, Macon County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE30A10FE63F8ECFD30F841" box="[495,652,1904,1928]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE30A10FD1AF8ECFD40F841" box="[662,764,1904,1928]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09728" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" unit="ft" value="3600.0">3,600 feet</quantity>
|
||
elevation.”
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE30A10FCF4F8EDFC66F840" box="[888,986,1905,1929]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
UMMZ 111565 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="56DB16D5FFE30A10FB03F8ECFAA3F841" box="[1167,1311,1904,1928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); same data. Informally synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FE72F80CFD2AF86E" ID-CoL="6PVD9" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[510,662,1936,1959]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FE72F80CFD2AF86E" box="[510,662,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">L. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FD32F813FCF3F86E" author="Martof, B. S." box="[702,847,1935,1959]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref11332" refString="Martof, B. S. (1962) Some aspects of the life history and ecology of the salamander Leurognathus. American Midland Naturalist, 67, 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422814" type="journal article" year="1962">Martof (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and resurrected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FB90F813FA80F86E" author="Dubois, A. & Raffaelli, J." box="[1052,1340,1935,1959]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" pagination="77 - 161" refId="ref10314" refString="Dubois, A. & Raffaelli, J. (2012) A new ergotaxonomy of the order Urodela Dumeril, 1805 (Amphibia, Batrachia). Alytes, 28, 77 - 161." type="journal article" year="2012">Dubois and Raffaëlli (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FAE3F813FEF8F80F" author="Raffaelli, J." pageId="12" pageNumber="274" refId="ref12261" refString="Raffaelli, J. (2013) Les urodeles du monde. Deuxieme Edition. Plumelec, Penclen, 480 pp." type="book" year="2013">Raffaëlli (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FEE8F832FE45F80F" box="[356,505,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">D. “melianus”</emphasis>
|
||
in error, though few subsequent workers followed this recommendation. Designated a junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE30A10FE3FF851FDF6F82D" baseAuthorityName="Pope" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[435,586,1996,2020]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE30A10FE3FF851FDF6F82D" box="[435,586,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="274">D. intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE30A10FDE3F850FCADF82D" author="Raffaelli, J." box="[623,785,1996,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="274" refId="ref12283" refString="Raffaelli, J. (2022) Salamanders & newts of the world. 3 rd Edition. Plumelec, Penclen, 1100 pp." type="book" year="2022">Raffaëlli (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE20A11FF1BFF0BFC5AFE88" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE20A11FF1BFF0BFCD1FF30" blockId="13.[151,1436,150,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F0B5D701FFE20A11FF1BFF0BFCD1FF30" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4090979304" collectingDate="1927-07-17" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="C. H. Pope" county="Haywood County" location="Waynesville" municipality="Davis Gap" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" specimenCode="AMNH 25557" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FF1BFF0BFEB1FF78" bold="true" box="[151,269,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE20A11FF1BFF0BFEB4FF78" box="[151,264,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="107B7527FFE20A11FE9FFF0BFE09FF78" box="[275,437,150,177]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">AMNH 25557</specimenCode>
|
||
(a male) by original designation, collected
|
||
<date id="3463FB9CFFE20A11FC15FF0BFB95FF78" box="[921,1065,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" value="1927-07-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="24270274FFE20A11FC15FF0BFB95FF78" box="[921,1065,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" value="1927-07-17">17 July 1927</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="ED28B88AFFE20A11FBDFFF0BFB75FF78" box="[1107,1225,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">C.H. Pope</collectorName>
|
||
, type locality “
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A0064726FFE20A11FAFCFF0BFF52FF1C" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Davis Gap</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="45028B87FFE20A11FF74FF27FE39FF1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8746C4AFFE30A12FF1BF953FDFBFA27:45028B87FFE20A11FF74FF27FE39FF1C" box="[248,389,187,213]" county="Haywood County" municipality="Davis Gap" name="Waynesville" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" stateProvince="North Carolina">Waynesville</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE20A11FE03FF27FD84FF1C" box="[399,568,187,213]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
” and emended by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE20A11FC8EFF27FC1EFF1C" author="Bishop, S. C." box="[770,930,187,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" refId="ref9757" refString="Bishop, S. C. (1943) Handbook of Salamanders. Comstock, Ithaca, New York, 555 pp." type="book" year="1943">Bishop (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to “
|
||
<location id="45028B87FFE20A11FC41FF27FBE8FF1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8746C4AFFE30A12FF1BF953FDFBFA27:45028B87FFE20A11FC41FF27FBE8FF1C" box="[973,1108,187,213]" county="Haywood County" municipality="Davis Gap" name="Davis Farm" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" stateProvince="North Carolina">Davis Farm</location>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE20A11FB2EFF27FB4EFF1C" box="[1186,1266,187,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 miles</quantity>
|
||
east and a little north of
|
||
<location id="45028B87FFE20A11FF7BFF43FE38FF30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8746C4AFFE30A12FF1BF953FDFBFA27:45028B87FFE20A11FF7BFF43FE38FF30" box="[247,388,223,249]" county="Haywood County" municipality="Davis Gap" name="Waynesville" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" stateProvince="North Carolina">Waynesville</location>
|
||
, (
|
||
<collectingCounty id="A903A5D0FFE20A11FE1AFF43FDDCFF30" box="[406,608,223,249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Haywood County</collectingCounty>
|
||
) on Highway No. 276.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE20A11FF4BFE9FFC5AFE88" blockId="13.[151,1436,150,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F0B5D701FFE20A11FF4BFE9FFF05FE88" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4090979302" collectionCode="AMNH" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" specimenCode="AMNH 25544-25556" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FF4BFE9FFEF4FED4" bold="true" box="[199,328,259,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F6663FEFFE20A11FF4BFE9FFEFFFED4" box="[199,323,259,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="107B7527FFE20A11FEDCFE9FFDF4FED4" box="[336,584,258,285]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">AMNH 25544–25556</specimenCode>
|
||
& 25558–25580 from the original type collection are listed as paratypes in the
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<collectionCode id="26CC4599FFE20A11FF33FEBBFEA9FE88" box="[191,277,295,321]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
catalogue, but not explicitly designated as such by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE20A11FCD9FEBBFC5FFE88" author="Pope, C. H." box="[853,995,295,321]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref11624" refString="Pope, C. H. (1928) Some plethodontid salamanders from North Carolina and Kentucky, with the description of a new race of Leurognathus. American Museum Novitates, 306, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1928">Pope (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE20A11FF4BFED6FDD4F847" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE20A11FF4BFED6FB65FD4C" blockId="13.[151,1436,150,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FF4BFED6FEE7FEAD" bold="true" box="[199,347,330,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Among shovel-nosed salamanders,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE20A11FD71FED7FB8EFEAC" baseAuthorityName="Pope" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[765,1074,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FD71FED7FB8EFEAC" box="[765,1074,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Desmognathus intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be diagnosed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE20A11FADDFED7FF60FE41" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FADDFED7FF60FE41" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">D. aureatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of vomerine teeth in adults of both sexes, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE20A11FC52FEF3FB36FE41" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[990,1162,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FC52FEF3FB36FE41" box="[990,1162,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">D. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a more scattered and indistinct dorsal pattern in adults (after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE20A11FDDFFE0FFD71FE64" author="Pope, C. H." box="[595,717,403,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref11624" refString="Pope, C. H. (1928) Some plethodontid salamanders from North Carolina and Kentucky, with the description of a new race of Leurognathus. American Museum Novitates, 306, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1928">Pope 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE20A11FD55FE0FFC57FE64" author="Pope, C. H. & Hairston, N. G." box="[729,1003,403,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" pagination="155 - 162" refId="ref11662" refString="Pope, C. H. & Hairston, N. G. (1947) The distribution of Leurognathus, a southern Appalachian genus of salamanders. Fieldiana, 31, 155 - 162." type="journal article" year="1947">Pope and Hairston 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8E6C1D9FFE20A11FC7BFE0FFB86FE64" box="[1015,1082,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1549,1573]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-247@13.[151,1436,669,1526]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. A large (75mm SVL) adult Desmognathus intermedius (RAP2814) from Wycle Fork (NC: Haywood) in life. Note the faded lichenous dorsal patches muddled into more indistinct blotches. Photo courtesy of MAS." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850661/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8E6C1D9FFE20A11FBC4FE0FFBE4FE64" box="[1096,1112,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1062,1086]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1038]" captionTargetId="figure-19@14.[151,1436,181,1038]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. An adult Desmognathus intermedius from Little Santeetlah Creek (NC: Graham). Note the uniformly muddled dorsal blotches forming an indistinct pattern. Photo courtesy of MAS." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850663/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). These characters should be re-evaluated for diagnostic consistency. Ironically given the original intent of the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE20A11FBF8FE2BFB44FE18" baseAuthorityName="Pope" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1140,1272,439,465]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FBF8FE2BFB44FE18" box="[1140,1272,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,” this is by far the largest shovel-nosed species in our sample with metamorphosed SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE20A11FC6AFE46FBE7FE3C" box="[998,1115,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="56.5" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="28.0">28–85mm</quantity>
|
||
. Based on our size-corrected linear morphometric analyses, this species can be distinguished from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE20A11FC7EFE63FBC4FDD1" box="[1010,1144,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FC7EFE63FBC4FDD1" box="[1010,1144,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">D. aureatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE20A11FB3FFE63FADDFDD1" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1203,1377,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FB3FFE63FADDFDD1" box="[1203,1377,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">D. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a longer trunk (AG in original measurements =
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE20A11FD1BFDBEFCB6FDF4" box="[663,778,546,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="29.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="14.0">14–45mm</quantity>
|
||
) and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE20A11FC08FDBFFB93FDF5" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[900,1071,547,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FC08FDBFFB93FDF5" box="[900,1071,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">D. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a longer head (SG in original measurements = 6.5–20.0mm). After
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE20A11FDB0FDDBFD60FDA8" author="Martof, B. S." box="[572,732,583,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref11332" refString="Martof, B. S. (1962) Some aspects of the life history and ecology of the salamander Leurognathus. American Midland Naturalist, 67, 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422814" type="journal article" year="1962">Martof (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE20A11FC9FFDDBFC16FDA8" author="Bruce, R. C." box="[787,938,582,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" pagination="847 - 854" refId="ref9809" refString="Bruce, R. C. (1985) Larval periods, population structure and the effects of stream drift in larvae of the salamanders Desmognathus quadramaculatus and Leurognathus marmoratus in a southern Appalachian stream. Copeia, 1985, 847 - 854. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445232" type="journal article" year="1985">Bruce (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, larvae are generally
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE20A11FB17FDDAFAB0FDA8" box="[1179,1292,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="15.0">15–35mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, with a 3-year period until metamorphosis and oviposition and transformation both occurring in summer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="14A28DD4FFE20A11FF14F991FBC1F980" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850661" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7850661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850661/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" startId="13.[152,255,1549,1573]" targetBox="[151,1436,669,1526]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE20A11FF14F991FBC1F980" blockId="13.[151,1436,1549,1610]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FF14F991FEA4F9EC" bold="true" box="[152,280,1549,1573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
A large (75mm SVL) adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE20A11FDBEF991FC7DF9EC" authority="(RAP 2814)" baseAuthorityName="RAP" baseAuthorityYear="2814" box="[562,961,1549,1573]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FDBEF991FCFBF9EC" box="[562,839,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Desmognathus intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
(RAP2814)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Wycle Fork (NC: Haywood) in life. Note the faded lichenous dorsal patches muddled into more indistinct blotches. Photo courtesy of MAS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE20A11FF4BF9EBFE88F88F" blockId="13.[151,1443,1655,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FF4BF9EBFEA1F958" bold="true" box="[199,285,1655,1681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Range:</emphasis>
|
||
In the Blue Ridge Mountains of western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE20A11FD7CF9EBFC25F958" box="[752,921,1655,1681]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
and eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE20A11FBABF9E4FB21F95B" box="[1063,1181,1656,1682]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
, confirmed in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE20A11FAE5F9E4FF5CF97F" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
drainages of the Lower Little
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE20A11FDBEF900FD14F97F" box="[562,680,1692,1718]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Upper Little
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE20A11FCCDF900FC0BF97F" box="[833,951,1692,1718]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Tuckasegee, Lower French Broad, Pigeon, and Upper French Broad Rivers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8E6C1D9FFE20A11FD80F923FDF1F910" box="[524,589,1727,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[177,1422,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[165,1422,181,1785]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of genetic, specimen-vouchered, and literature localities for the three species of Shovel-nosed Salamanders, from our collections (RAP and DAB) and Martof (1956), Jackson (2005), Kozak et al. (2005), Wooten and Rissler (2011), Beamer and Lamb (2020), and Pyron et al. (2022c). Type localities are indicated with inverted triangles, and the site indicated in grey is a dubious locality reported by Wooten and Rissler (2011). Our extensive fieldwork at this and numerous other sites in the headwaters of the New (Kanawha) River yielded no specimens. State abbreviations are GA—Georgia, SC—South Carolina, NC—North Carolina, TN—Tennessee, VA—Virginia, and WV—West Virginia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Curiously rare in or absent from the upper reaches of the Little
|
||
<collectingRegion id="821913BEFFE20A11FAA5F95CFA20F913" box="[1321,1436,1728,1754]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Tuckasegee Rivers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE20A11FE22F97FFDFDF934" author="Martof, B. S." box="[430,577,1763,1789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref11332" refString="Martof, B. S. (1962) Some aspects of the life history and ecology of the salamander Leurognathus. American Midland Naturalist, 67, 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422814" type="journal article" year="1962">Martof 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE20A11FDC2F97FFD36F934" author="Martof, B. S." box="[590,650,1763,1789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref11374" refString="Martof, B. S. (1963) Leurognathus and L. marmoratus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 3, 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). An isolated population is known from the Black Mountains east of the French Broad River in the Upper French Broad drainage (
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FCEDF89BFB00F8E8" box="[865,1212,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">O’Connell et al., unpubl. data</emphasis>
|
||
). Elevational range ~
|
||
<quantity id="872570B9FFE20A11FF29F8B7FE8CF88F" box="[165,304,1835,1862]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="300.0">300–1500m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE20A11FF4BF8D3FDD4F847" blockId="13.[151,1443,1655,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FF4BF8D3FE90F8A0" bold="true" box="[199,300,1871,1897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
As with all Shovel-nosed Salamanders, occurs almost exclusively in the rocky riffle zones of fast-flowing, high-gradient mountain streams.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08C78ED7FFE20A12FF4BF80BFDFBFA27" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE20A11FF4BF80BFDA3F830" blockId="13.[151,1443,1655,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FF4BF80BFEEEF878" bold="true" box="[199,338,1943,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is a Latin singular adjective in the nominative case meaning “intermediate,” apparently referring to the species’ supposedly smaller size compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE20A11FC41F820FBC5F81C" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[973,1145,1980,2005]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE20A11FC41F820FBC5F81C" box="[973,1145,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="275">D. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as known to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE20A11FA9EF820FA1FF81C" author="Pope, C. H." box="[1298,1443,1979,2006]" pageId="13" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref11624" refString="Pope, C. H. (1928) Some plethodontid salamanders from North Carolina and Kentucky, with the description of a new race of Leurognathus. American Museum Novitates, 306, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1928">Pope (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on relatively few specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="14A28DD4FFE10A12FF14FBBAFCE7FBAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7850663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7850663/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" startId="14.[152,255,1062,1086]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1038]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE10A12FF14FBBAFCE7FBAB" blockId="14.[151,1437,1062,1122]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE10A12FF14FBBAFEA6FBF7" bold="true" box="[152,282,1062,1086]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
An adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE10A12FE08FBBAFD27FBF7" baseAuthorityName="RAP" baseAuthorityYear="2814" box="[388,667,1062,1086]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE10A12FE08FBBAFD27FBF7" box="[388,667,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">Desmognathus intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Little Santeetlah Creek (NC: Graham). Note the uniformly muddled dorsal blotches forming an indistinct pattern. Photo courtesy of MAS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE10A12FF4BFB0CFD1CFADF" blockId="14.[151,1437,1168,1518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE10A12FF4BFB0CFDB9FB63" bold="true" box="[199,517,1168,1194]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">Standard English Names:</emphasis>
|
||
For
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE10A12FDC9FB0CFC45FB63" box="[581,1017,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE10A12FDC9FB0CFC4FFB63" authorityName="Pope" authorityYear="1928" box="[581,1011,1168,1194]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="marmorata" subSpecies="intermedia">Leurognathus marmorata intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pope’s Salamander (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE10A12FB7AFB0CFA33FB63" author="Bishop, S. C." box="[1270,1423,1168,1194]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" refId="ref9757" refString="Bishop, S. C. (1943) Handbook of Salamanders. Comstock, Ithaca, New York, 555 pp." type="book" year="1943">Bishop 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Southern Shovel-nosed Salamander (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE10A12FDCEFB28FD54FB06" author="Schmidt, K. P." box="[578,744,1204,1231]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" refId="ref12439" refString="Schmidt, K. P. (1953) A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6 th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 280 pp." type="book" year="1953">Schmidt 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); for
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE10A12FCA1FB28FC52FB07" box="[813,1006,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE10A12FCA1FB28FC74FB07" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1899" box="[813,968,1204,1230]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leurognathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
m.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE10A12FC75FB28FB08FB07" authority=": Black" authorityName="Black" box="[1017,1204,1204,1230]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanius">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE10A12FC75FB28FBDBFB07" box="[1017,1127,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">melanius:</emphasis>
|
||
Black
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shovel-nosed Salamander (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE10A12FF77FB44FE2EFB3A" author="Conant, R." box="[251,402,1240,1267]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" refId="ref10245" refString="Conant, R. (1958) A field guide to reptiles and amphibians. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 598 pp." type="book" year="1958">Conant 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Otter Creek Dusky Salamander (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE10A12FC95FB44FBE6FB3B" author="Fouquette, M. J. & Dubois, A." box="[793,1114,1240,1266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" refId="ref10396" refString="Fouquette, M. J. & Dubois, A. (2014) A checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles: the United States and Canada. Xlibris, Bloomington, Indiana, 613 pp." type="book" year="2014">Fouquette and Dubois 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We suggest that “Western” Shovel-nosed Salamander is most appropriate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE10A12FF4BFABCFB59FA4A" blockId="14.[151,1437,1168,1518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE10A12FF4BFABCFECDFAF3" bold="true" box="[199,369,1312,1338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is apparently widespread and abundant at numerous historical and recent sites across its range, a significant proportion of which is protected by state, federal, and private entities. Consequently, we suggest that it be considered “LC—Least Concern” based on available data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE10A12FB94FAF4FB66FA4A" author="Maes, D. & Isaac, N. J. B. & Harrower, C. A. & Collen, B. & van Strien, A. J. & Roy, D. B." box="[1048,1242,1384,1411]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" pagination="690 - 706" refId="ref11125" refString="Maes, D., Isaac, N. J. B., Harrower, C. A., Collen, B., van Strien, A. J. & Roy, D. B. (2015) The use of opportunistic data for IUCN Red List assessments. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 115, 690 - 706. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12530" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Maes
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE10A12FBD2FAF5FB2AFA4B" box="[1118,1174,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4062DD5CFFE10A12FF4BFA10FDFBFA27" blockId="14.[151,1437,1168,1518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE10A12FF4BFA10FEAFFA6F" bold="true" box="[199,275,1420,1446]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">Notes:</emphasis>
|
||
This lineage was previously recognized as a distinct species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE10A12FC38FA10FB71FA6F" authorityName="Pope" authorityYear="1928" box="[948,1229,1420,1446]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE10A12FC38FA10FB71FA6F" box="[948,1229,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">Leurognathus intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE10A12FB79FA11FEABFA03" author="Pope, C. H. & Hairston, N. G." pageId="14" pageNumber="276" pagination="155 - 162" refId="ref11662" refString="Pope, C. H. & Hairston, N. G. (1947) The distribution of Leurognathus, a southern Appalachian genus of salamanders. Fieldiana, 31, 155 - 162." type="journal article" year="1947">Pope and Hairston (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
before being demoted to a subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE10A12FD49FA2DFCC1FA03" box="[709,893,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">
|
||
L. m.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE10A12FC88FA2CFCC1FA03" authorityName="Pope" authorityYear="1928" box="[772,893,1456,1482]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE10A12FC2AFA2CFBE8FA02" author="Schmidt, K. P." box="[934,1108,1456,1483]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" refId="ref12439" refString="Schmidt, K. P. (1953) A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6 th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 280 pp." type="book" year="1953">Schmidt (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and informally synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87DDA6DFFFE10A12FF5CFA49FECBFA27" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[208,375,1493,1518]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Leurognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72A9014EFFE10A12FF5CFA49FECBFA27" box="[208,375,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="276">L. marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="244CA0ADFFE10A12FE2CFA48FDFFFA27" author="Martof, B. S." box="[416,579,1492,1518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="276" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref11332" refString="Martof, B. S. (1962) Some aspects of the life history and ecology of the salamander Leurognathus. American Midland Naturalist, 67, 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422814" type="journal article" year="1962">Martof (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |