475 lines
59 KiB
XML
475 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document id="4E54B92D29B0EE380C7FE1B7A5F1867D" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2001)355<0001:TNSOFO>2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5372342" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1630272107756" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="GRANT, TARAN & RODRÍGUEZ, LILY O." docDate="2001" docId="C35F879EFF92FFC4FD7B77E6FDA82A1B" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2001.3355.1-24.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3355" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282001%29355%3C0001%3ATNSOFO%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.4:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Colostethus alessandroi GRANT & RODRÍGUEZ 2001, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="3F66FFE6FF9DFFD1FF9F7425FF80291E" masterDocTitle="Two New Species of Frogs of the Genus Colostethus (Dendrobatidae) from Peru and a Redescription of C. trilineatus (Boulenger, 1883)" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1730405094483" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="1AE1AFFA9EE4077F6D2F4B6AD52A350B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C5A2D05213881C28A3DC064F6AABA9C1">
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<mods:title id="64E2A08B44FC857AC41C23D34FC04C66">Two New Species of Frogs of the Genus Colostethus (Dendrobatidae) from Peru and a Redescription of C. trilineatus (Boulenger, 1883)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="2E86C2362AFD4E875B6FAA9E0CA262D3" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C0B882EA95A49873CF11B6D6670F1D07">
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<mods:roleTerm id="73DD8BA80A52BF7D66253A5948A4E975">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F0C6CE287A8FA6ADA1EDEE54DFC0869B">GRANT, TARAN</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DD7FB57AF94780A450E911D0CAE0FB77">Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology), American Museum of Natural History; Center for Environmental Research and Conservation / Faculty Fellow, Columbia University MC 5557, 1200 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B2320DDF03F523F5BD16A32063B09C74" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AEF90DB34E9C7A0370AEDC4FEC5086CA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7A9967D542A4DF58501BDCF0767F8882">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="297D55E889F65CCF32F695ECD9B13F95">RODRÍGUEZ, LILY O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B74174B10F0792BB9583E3EF23956CA">Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology), American Museum of Natural History; Investigadora Asociada: Asociación Peruana para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (APECO), Parque José de Acosta 187, Lima 17, Peru´; and Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 140434, Lima 17, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="260177B9E30F02E8D5C8D1B1B1172B56">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="703C8EE227679A4C67875D06390FD263" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BC9C106E4B3EF4254C1A252C631169FA">
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<mods:title id="3C3132381A6AC5A8824009648925DCF8">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="AE0964C11E4F0A5C53B4DA6A645CC608">
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<mods:date id="1CE3D8161D8BDD0DFE79C3211F73E9D0">2001</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="84670DBDFFB76D30018049477D33D4C5" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="966D864EA9CCB23603EDDF1E16BB8554">2001-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="A030EFD4A1125EA849517933432FAF5C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FE5C183563A63D23C8851D9D2F93121E">3355</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="A65A4D096EFB917E4621EC500AB78E18" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="0A51C0CBDDED50AF46A4B27AEE83248B">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="04B40343613A024047C0B4F55D0CCE8B">24</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location id="8758997E1687E66C73780041BD3725D2">
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<mods:url id="817247CB6B3E8C2BEAF4369B3FE22DCF">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282001%29355%3C0001%3ATNSOFO%3E2.0.CO%3B2</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="CEECAE91C9EE5AC9DA348726FBC42799">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0AF370E349F3B2D1C1133328DB913FBC" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0082(2001)355<0001:TNSOFO>2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CEB83A31FA94326EC140C8E72F041117" type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3CB59E87ABE7597B4C1005A04CDB6C2D" type="Zenodo-Dep">5372342</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="C35F879EFF92FFC4FD7B77E6FDA82A1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C35F879EFF92FFC4FD7B77E6FDA82A1B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C35F879EFF92FFC4FD7B77E6FDA82A1B" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="03EC6503FF92FFDEFD7B77E6FB232AC4" box="[740,1187,963,987]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4B493688FF92FFDEFD7B77E6FB232AC4" blockId="15.[740,1187,963,987]" box="[740,1187,963,987]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="100181E4FF92FFDEFD7B77E6FB232AC4" box="[740,1187,963,987]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF92FFDEFD7B77E6FB8A2AC5" bold="true" box="[740,1034,963,987]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF92FFDEFD7B77E6FB832AC5" authority="GRANT & RODRÍGUEZ, 2001" authorityName="GRANT & RODRÍGUEZ" authorityYear="2001" box="[740,1027,963,987]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF92FFDEFD7B77E6FB832AC5" bold="true" box="[740,1027,963,987]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colostethus alessandroi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="62B157E1FF92FFDEFB8B77E6FB232AC4" box="[1044,1187,963,986]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="03EC6503FF92FFDEFC1A77C1FB8B2AE9" box="[901,1035,996,1015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4B493688FF92FFDEFC1A77C1FB8B2AE9" blockId="15.[901,1035,996,1015]" box="[901,1035,996,1015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="100181E4FF92FFDEFC1A77C1FB8B2AE9" box="[901,1035,996,1015]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="D3CD2A0DFF92FFDEFC1A77C1FB8B2AE9" box="[901,1035,996,1015]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStartId-0="16.[161,201,1667,1688]" captionStartId-1="16.[737,777,1640,1661]" captionStartId-2="17.[154,192,960,981]" captionStartId-3="18.[160,198,869,890]" captionStartId-4="18.[736,774,1667,1688]" captionStartId-5="20.[160,198,843,864]" captionTargetBox-0="[135,662,1233,1644]" captionTargetBox-1="[719,1228,1300,1617]" captionTargetBox-2="[155,1207,191,938]" captionTargetBox-3="[134,1238,189,849]" captionTargetBox-4="[715,1233,1094,1645]" captionTargetBox-5="[148,1225,185,821]" captionTargetId-0="figure-51@16.[135,662,1233,1644]" captionTargetId-1="figure-69@16.[718,1230,1299,1619]" captionTargetId-2="figure-13@17.[151,1210,187,939]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@18.[134,1238,189,849]" captionTargetId-4="figure-77@18.[715,1233,1091,1646]" captionTargetId-5="figure-16@20.[147,1225,185,821]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionTargetPageId-3="18" captionTargetPageId-4="18" captionTargetPageId-5="20" captionText-0="Fig. 13. Colostethus alessandroi AMNH 157004 (SVL = 21.3 mm). (From color transparency by Alessandro Catenazzi.)" captionText-1="Fig. 14. Plantar view of feet with toes splayed. Left: C. mcdiarmidi (holotype USNM 257805). Right: C. alessandroi (AMNH 157004). Scale bar = 2 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 15. Ventral view of adult males of Colostethus mcdiarmidi holotype USNM 257805 (left) and C. alessandroi AMNH 157004 (right). Scale bar = 5 mm." captionText-3="Fig. 16. Dorsal view of similar species of Colostethus. From left to right, top row: C. alessandroi MUSM 15609 (Ƌ), MUSM 15608 (Ƌ), AMNH 157004 (Ƌ); bottom row: C. mcdiarmidi USNM 257805 (Ƌ), USNM 257806 (♀), NKA 3712 (♀), NKA 3708 (Ƌ). ×1.3." captionText-4="Fig. 17. Palmar view of right hand of Colostethus alessandroi (AMNH 157004). Scale bar = 2 mm." captionText-5="Fig. 18. Narrowband (59 Hz) spectrogram and waveform of advertisement call of Colostethus alessandroi from the type locality." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372368" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372366" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372370" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372372" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372374" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372376" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5372368/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5372366/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5372370/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5372372/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5372374/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5372376/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figures 13–18</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="03EC6503FF92FFDEFD427037FC342CFF" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4B493688FF92FFDEFD427037FB512DE8" blockId="15.[704,1233,1042,1741]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<materialsCitation id="FB9E3CD5FF92FFDEFD427037FB512DE8" collectingDate="1998-01-17" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="Lily O. Rodriguez & Alessandro Catenazzi & Fredy Qertehuari" country="Peru" elevation="1480" latitude="-13.05" location="San Pedro" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-71.53333" municipality="Paucartambo" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="MUSM 15609" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Departamento de Cuzco" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="944D882AFF92FFDEFD427037FCD32D36" box="[733,851,1042,1065]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="1B509EF3FF92FFDEFCF47037FB9C2D37" box="[875,1052,1042,1065]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MUSM 15609</specimenCode>
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(field number AMNH FS 11862), an adult
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<specimenCount id="5DF0FD01FF92FFDEFBBB700AFBDD2D58" box="[1060,1117,1071,1094]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">male</specimenCount>
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collected
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<date id="3F481048FF92FFDEFD5F7069FC022D7D" box="[704,898,1100,1123]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1998-01-17">
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||
<collectingDate id="2F0CE9A0FF92FFDEFD5F7069FC022D7D" box="[704,898,1100,1123]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1998-01-17">17 January 1998</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by
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<collectorName id="E603535EFF92FFDEFC307069FB062D7D" box="[943,1158,1100,1123]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lily O. Rodríguez</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="E603535EFF92FFDEFB0D7069FC132D9F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Alessandro Catenazzi</collectorName>
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, and
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<collectorName id="E603535EFF92FFDEFC41704FFB2D2D9F" box="[990,1197,1130,1153]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fredy Qertehuari</collectorName>
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||
at
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<location id="4E296053FF92FFDEFD5F70A2FCBF2D80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C35F879EFF92FFC4FD7B77E6FDA82A1B:4E296053FF92FFDEFD5F70A2FCBF2D80" box="[704,831,1159,1182]" country="Peru" latitude="-13.05" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-71.53333" municipality="Paucartambo" name="San Pedro" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Departamento de Cuzco">San Pedro</location>
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,
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<location id="4E296053FF92FFDEFCD070A2FC462D80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C35F879EFF92FFC4FD7B77E6FDA82A1B:4E296053FF92FFDEFCD070A2FC462D80" box="[847,966,1159,1182]" country="Peru" latitude="-13.05" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-71.53333" municipality="Paucartambo" name="Cosnipata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Departamento de Cuzco">Cosñipata</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="AB2DACF2FF92FFDEFC4870A2FBF22D80" box="[983,1138,1159,1182]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paucartambo</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="8932F86AFF92FFDEFB1E70A2FC262DA5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Departamento de Cuzco</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="33E17618FF92FFDEFC257081FC722DA5" box="[954,1010,1188,1211]" name="Peru" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, GPS coordinates
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<geoCoordinate id="2EC2504FFF92FFDEFD5F70E7FC9E2DC7" box="[704,798,1218,1241]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-13.05">13°03'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2EC2504FFF92FFDEFCAB70E7FC1A2DC7" box="[820,922,1218,1241]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-71.53333">71°32'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF92FFDEFC3170E7FB922DC7" box="[942,1042,1218,1241]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1480.0">
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<elevation id="C0DBD1BBFF92FFDEFC3170E7FB922DC7" box="[942,1042,1218,1241]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1480.0">1480 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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. The specimen was taken from atop a rock beside a stream.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B493688FF92FFDEFD4270D9FC342CFF" blockId="15.[704,1233,1042,1741]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<materialsCitation id="FB9E3CD5FF92FFDEFD4270D9FC1D2C2F" collectingDate="1994-06-23" collectingDateMax="1999-02-22" collectingDateMin="1994-06-23" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="Lily O. Rodriguez & Alessandro Catenazzi & Fredy Qertehuari" country="Peru" county="Pueblo San Gaban" elevation="820" latitude="-13.45" location="Alessandro Catenazzi" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-70.45" municipality="Fonchii Chang" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="157004" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puno" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="944D882AFF92FFDEFD4270D9FCE52C0D" box="[733,869,1276,1299]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<collectionCode id="2DE7AE4DFF92FFDEFCE170D9FC5A2C0D" box="[894,986,1276,1299]" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">AMNH</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="1B509EF3FF92FFDEFC7570D9FBCA2C0D" box="[1002,1098,1276,1299]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">157004</specimenCode>
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, collected with the holotype.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="FB9E3CD5FF92FFDEFC36713FFB512C75" collectingDate="1999-02-21" collectingDateMax="1999-02-22" collectingDateMin="1999-02-21" collectionCode="AMNH, MUSM" collectorName="Alessandro Catenazzi" country="Peru" county="Pueblo San Gaban" elevation="820" latitude="-13.45" location="Alessandro Catenazzi" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-70.45" municipality="Fonchii Chang" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="159110, 17737" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puno" typeStatus="paratype">
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<collectionCode id="2DE7AE4DFF92FFDEFC36713FFB822C2F" box="[937,1026,1306,1329]" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">AMNH</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="1B509EF3FF92FFDEFB92713FFBE72C2F" box="[1037,1127,1306,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">159110</specimenCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="2DE7AE4DFF92FFDEFBE7713FFB512C2F" box="[1144,1233,1306,1329]" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MUSM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="1B509EF3FF92FFDEFD5F7112FC8B2C50" box="[704,779,1335,1358]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">17737</specimenCode>
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, collected
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<date id="3F481048FF92FFDEFC077112FB242C50" box="[920,1188,1335,1358]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1999-02-21" valueMax="1999-02-22" valueMin="1999-02-21">
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||
<collectingDate id="2F0CE9A0FF92FFDEFC077112FB242C50" box="[920,1188,1335,1358]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1999-02-21" valueMax="1999-02-22" valueMin="1999-02-21">21–22 February 1999</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by
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<collectorName id="E603535EFF92FFDEFD5F7171FC472C75" box="[704,967,1364,1387]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Alessandro Catenazzi</collectorName>
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at the type locality.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="FB9E3CD5FF92FFDEFD5F7157FC342CFF" collectingDate="1994-06-23" collectingDateMax="1999-02-22" collectingDateMin="1994-06-23" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="Fonchii Chang" country="Peru" county="Pueblo San Gaban" elevation="820" latitude="-13.45" location="Pueblo San Gaban" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-70.45" municipality="Fonchii Chang" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="MUSM 15608" specimenCount="820" stateProvince="Departamento de Puno" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode id="1B509EF3FF92FFDEFD5F7157FCF22C97" box="[704,882,1394,1417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MUSM 15608</specimenCode>
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, collected
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<date id="3F481048FF92FFDEFC637157FB252C97" box="[1020,1189,1394,1417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1994-06-23">
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<collectingDate id="2F0CE9A0FF92FFDEFC637157FB252C97" box="[1020,1189,1394,1417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1994-06-23">23 June 1994</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by
|
||
<collectorName id="E603535EFF92FFDEFD5F71AAFCF22CB8" box="[704,882,1423,1446]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fonchii Chang</collectorName>
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF92FFDEFCE171AAFC3E2CB8" box="[894,958,1423,1446]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="3.0">
|
||
<locationDeviation id="5AFB2FAAFF92FFDEFCE171AAFC3E2CB8" box="[894,958,1423,1446]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</locationDeviation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="A2284E04FF92FFDEFB8F71AAFD6D2CDD" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pueblo San Gabán</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8932F86AFF92FFDEFD617189FB952CDD" box="[766,1045,1452,1475]" country="Peru" name="Puno" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Departamento de Puno</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="33E17618FF92FFDEFBBA7189FBDD2CDD" box="[1061,1117,1452,1475]" name="Peru" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2EC2504FFF92FFDEFBF27189FB4B2CDD" box="[1133,1227,1452,1475]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-13.45">13°27'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2EC2504FFF92FFDEFD5F71EFFCA72CFF" box="[704,807,1482,1505]" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-70.45">70°27'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, ca.
|
||
<specimenCount id="5DF0FD01FF92FFDEFCFF71EFFC342CFF" box="[864,948,1482,1505]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF92FFDEFCFF71EFFC2F2CFF" box="[864,943,1482,1505]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="820.0">820 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="03EC6503FF92FFDEFD4271C2FCBB2F49" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF92FFDEFD4271C2FCBB2F49" blockId="15.[704,1233,1042,1741]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is a patronym for Alessandro Catenazzi in recognition of his field studies of the Peruvian herpetofauna.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="03EC6503FF92FFC0FD42727BFDD62C4E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF92FFC1FD42727BFDC02D96" blockId="15.[704,1233,1042,1741]" lastBlockId="16.[134,663,961,1190]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS: A small species (adult males to roughly
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF92FFDEFCB1725EFC0B2F8C" box="[814,907,1659,1682]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, adult females unknown); Finger III swollen in adult males; venter stippled pale gray; testes white (unpigmented) in adult males; toes moderately webbed; dorsolateral stripe present; oblique lateral stripe present as a pale region or group of one or more elongate spots near the groin; ventrolateral stripe present; median lingual process absent; cloacal tubercles absent; anal sheath absent; black armband absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1F896600FF8DFFC1FF3F7778FB882A93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372364" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5372364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5372364/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[160,198,861,882]" targetBox="[134,1240,187,840]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8DFFC1FF3F7778FB882A93" blockId="16.[134,1238,861,909]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Fig. 12. Narrow band (59 Hz) spectrogram and waveform of advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8DFFC1FB88777BFB562A6D" authorityName="Morales" authorityYear="1994" box="[1047,1238,862,883]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanii">Colostethus juanii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ICN 44486). This is the first quadruplet of the second train of recording TG 9904.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8DFFC0FF3C70AAFDD62C4E" blockId="16.[134,663,961,1190]" lastBlockId="17.[128,657,1073,1741]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8DFFC1FF3C70AAFE3E2DB8" authorityName="GRANT & RODRÍGUEZ" authorityYear="2001" box="[163,446,1167,1190]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8DFFC1FF3C70AAFE3E2DB8" box="[163,446,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colostethus alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8DFFC1FD5977E4FB522AC6" authority="Reynolds and Foster, 1992" authorityName="Reynolds and Foster" authorityYear="1992" box="[710,1234,961,984]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8DFFC1FD5977E4FCF52AC6" box="[710,885,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
|
||
Reynolds and Foster, 1992
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs in having (1) more extensive toe webbing (fig. 14); (2) a darker venter (usually; fig. 15); (3) slightly smaller adult male SVL (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8DFFC1FC8B7012FC452D50" authorityName="GRANT & RODRÍGUEZ" authorityYear="2001" box="[788,965,1079,1102]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8DFFC1FC8B7012FC452D50" box="[788,965,1079,1102]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF8DFFC1FC697013FB292D53" box="[1014,1193,1078,1101]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="2.13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="21.7" valueMax="22.1" valueMin="21.3">21.3–22.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8DFFC1FB247012FCCC2D75" authorityName="Reynolds and Foster" authorityYear="1992" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8DFFC1FB247012FCCC2D75" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF8DFFC1FCE57071FBAC2D75" box="[890,1068,1108,1131]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" metricValueMax="2.43" metricValueMin="2.25" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="23.4" valueMax="24.3" valueMin="22.5">22.5–24.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
); (4) different dorsal coloration (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8DFFC1FC387054FBD62D96" authorityName="GRANT & RODRÍGUEZ" authorityYear="2001" box="[935,1110,1137,1160]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8DFFC1FC387054FBD62D96" box="[935,1110,1137,1160]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks discrete light spots on the posterior dorsum and has darker, more diffuse dorsolateral stripes and darker thigh coloration; fig. 16); (5) proportionately longer shanks (shank length/ SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF8CFFC0FF78706BFEFF2D7B" box="[231,383,1102,1125]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.1684" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="0.48" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.46">0.46–0.50 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8CFFC0FE13706AFDBC2D78" authorityName="GRANT & RODRÍGUEZ" authorityYear="2001" box="[396,572,1103,1126]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8CFFC0FE13706AFDBC2D78" box="[396,572,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF8CFFC0FDD0706BFF5D2D9D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1303" metricValueMax="1.1684" metricValueMin="1.0922" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="0.445" valueMax="0.46" valueMin="0.43">0.43– 0.46 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8CFFC0FF6F7049FE232D9D" authorityName="Reynolds and Foster" authorityYear="1992" box="[240,419,1132,1155]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8CFFC0FF6F7049FE232D9D" box="[240,419,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and (6) slightly smaller tympana, both absolutely (
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF8CFFC0FDA770ACFF2D2DA3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8CFFC0FF7C7082FE162DA0" authorityName="GRANT & RODRÍGUEZ" authorityYear="2001" box="[227,406,1191,1214]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8CFFC0FF7C7082FE162DA0" box="[227,406,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF8CFFC0FE337083FDC02DA3" box="[428,576,1190,1213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8CFFC0FDE97082FE862DC5" authorityName="Reynolds and Foster" authorityYear="1992" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8CFFC0FDE97082FE862DC5" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and proportionately (e.g., tympanum/eye =
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF8CFFC0FEAD70C4FE4B2DE6" box="[306,459,1249,1272]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.906" metricValueMax="10.413999999999998" metricValueMin="9.398" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="0.39" valueMax="0.41" valueMin="0.37">0.37–0.41 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8CFFC0FE4670C4FD0A2DE6" authorityName="GRANT & RODRÍGUEZ" authorityYear="2001" box="[473,650,1249,1272]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8CFFC0FE4670C4FD0A2DE6" box="[473,650,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF8CFFC0FF1F70DBFE9A2C0B" box="[128,282,1278,1301]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2827" metricValueMax="1.4224" metricValueMin="1.143" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="0.505" valueMax="0.56" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.56 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8CFFC0FEB670DAFE582C08" authorityName="Reynolds and Foster" authorityYear="1992" box="[297,472,1279,1302]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8CFFC0FEB670DAFE582C08" box="[297,472,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Finger III is swollen in adult males of both species (contra Reynolds and Foster, 1992; fig. 17).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="1F896600FF8DFFC1FD7E724DFC152FD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372366" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5372366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5372366/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[737,777,1640,1661]" targetBox="[719,1228,1300,1617]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8DFFC1FD7E724DFC152FD3" blockId="16.[710,1239,1640,1741]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Fig. 14. Plantar view of feet with toes splayed. Left:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8DFFC1FCF372A6FB8B2F86" authorityName="Reynolds and Foster" authorityYear="1992" box="[876,1035,1667,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8DFFC1FCF372A6FB8B2F86" box="[876,1035,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype USNM 257805). Right:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8DFFC1FCEA72BBFB902FAD" authorityName="GRANT & RODRÍGUEZ" authorityYear="2001" box="[885,1040,1694,1715]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8DFFC1FCEA72BBFB902FAD" box="[885,1040,1694,1715]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 157004). Scale bar = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1F896600FF8DFFC1FF3E72A6FE582FD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5372368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5372368/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[161,201,1667,1688]" targetBox="[135,662,1233,1644]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8DFFC1FF3E72A6FE582FD3" blockId="16.[134,662,1667,1741]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Fig. 13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8DFFC1FE8272A6FD162F86" authority="AMNH" authorityName="AMNH" box="[285,662,1667,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8DFFC1FE8272A6FDB02F86" box="[285,560,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colostethus alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
157004 (SVL = 21.3 mm). (From color transparency by Alessandro Catenazzi.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1F896600FF8CFFC0FF0577E5FD752AEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5372370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5372370/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[154,192,960,981]" targetBox="[155,1207,191,938]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8CFFC0FF0577E5FD752AEE" blockId="17.[128,1233,960,1008]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Fig. 15. Ventral view of adult males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8CFFC0FDC677E5FCD62ACB" authorityName="Reynolds and Foster" authorityYear="1992" box="[601,854,960,981]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8CFFC0FDC677E5FCD62ACB" box="[601,854,960,981]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Colostethus mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype USNM 257805 (left) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8CFFC0FF1F77FEFEF42AEE" authority="AMNH" authorityName="AMNH" box="[128,372,987,1008]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8CFFC0FF1F77FEFE9B2AEE" box="[128,283,987,1008]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
157004 (right). Scale bar = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="03EC6503FF8CFFC2FF027172FB372F25" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8CFFC0FF027172FD112F03" blockId="17.[128,657,1073,1741]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8CFFC0FF027172FE452C70" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[157,453,1367,1390]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kingsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8CFFC0FF027172FE452C70" box="[157,453,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Colostethus kingsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="33E17618FF8CFFC0FF1F7151FF352C95" box="[128,181,1396,1419]" name="Peru" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="33E17618FF8CFFC0FE997151FEE82C95" box="[262,360,1396,1419]" name="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is most easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8CFFC0FEBC71B4FE4E2CB6" box="[291,462,1425,1448]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8CFFC0FEBC71B4FE4E2CB6" box="[291,462,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking webbing and having a conspicuous, incomplete oblique lateral stripe (see photo in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2F674B79FF8CFFC0FDB271E9FF3E2F1E" author="Coloma, L. A." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref13478" refString="Coloma, L. A. 1995. Ecuadorian frogs of the genus Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae). Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 87: 72 pp." type="book" year="1995">Coloma, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: plate 1C) and a black venter with pale reticulations or irregular spots in adult males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8CFFC0FF027201FC512CD8" blockId="17.[128,657,1073,1741]" lastBlockId="17.[704,1233,1073,1478]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
MEASUREMENTS OF
|
||
<typeStatus id="944D882AFF8CFFC0FE0A7201FD8B2F24" box="[405,523,1572,1595]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
(in mm): The
|
||
<typeStatus id="944D882AFF8CFFC0FF297264FE9C2F46" box="[182,284,1601,1624]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
MUSM 15609 is an adult male with vocal slits and enlarged, white (unpigmented) testes. SVL 22.0; forearm length from proximal edge of palmar tubercle to outer edge of flexed elbow, 4.7; hand length from proximal edge of palmar tubercle to tip of Finger III, 5.8; shank length from outer edge of flexed knee to heel, 10.2; foot length from proximal edge of outer metatarsal tubercle to tip of Toe IV, 9.6; head width between angle of jaws, 7.6; head length diagonally from corner of mouth to tip of snout, 7.0; eye length from posterior to anterior corner, 3.0; eye to naris distance from anterior corner of eye to center of naris, 2.0; distance between centers of nares, 3.0; snout length from anterior corner of eye to tip of snout, 3.9; interorbital distance, 2.3; greatest diameter of tympanum, 1.1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8CFFC0FCBE71D4FBEF2F19" blockId="17.[801,1135,1521,1544]" box="[801,1135,1521,1544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
DESCRIPTION OF
|
||
<typeStatus id="944D882AFF8CFFC0FC7F71D4FB9A2F19" box="[992,1050,1521,1544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
SERIES
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8CFFC0FD427207FC972F8C" blockId="17.[704,1233,1570,1742]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="944D882AFF8CFFC0FC8C7207FCC52F27" box="[787,837,1570,1593]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series consists of
|
||
<specimenCount id="5DF0FD01FF8CFFC0FB827207FB4D2F27" box="[1053,1229,1570,1593]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="5DF0FD01FF8CFFC0FD5F7265FCBD2F49" box="[704,829,1600,1623]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="adult">four adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males with enlarged, granular, white (unpigmented) testes, and
|
||
<specimenCount id="5DF0FD01FF8CFFC0FBA2727BFB512F6B" box="[1085,1233,1630,1653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="subadult">one subadult</specimenCount>
|
||
female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8CFFC3FD4272BCFD862DAF" blockId="17.[704,1233,1570,1742]" lastBlockId="18.[134,663,998,1741]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
MORPHOLOGY: Males
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF8CFFC0FC7E72BCFB0E2FAE" box="[993,1166,1689,1712]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="2.13" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="21.7" valueMax="22.1" valueMin="21.3">21.3–22.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL (
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8CFFC0FD557292FD592FD0" box="[714,729,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4,
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8CFFC0FCB57292FCB72FD0" box="[810,823,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 21.90 ±
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF8CFFC0FC487293FBC92FD3" box="[983,1097,1718,1741]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Adult females unknown (subadult female MUSM 17737 is
|
||
<quantity id="8C0E9B6DFF8FFFC3FF687021FEE12D05" box="[247,353,1028,1051]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="23.4">23.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL). A few small, low, weak tubercles scattered over eyelids, lower back, and upper surfaces of legs. A pair of elongate preaxilar tubercles extended toward ventral edge of tympanum. Cloacal tubercles absent. Ventral surfaces smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1F896600FF8FFFC3FF3F7740FCBE2AAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5372372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5372372/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[160,198,869,890]" targetBox="[134,1238,189,849]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8FFFC3FF3F7740FCBE2AAE" blockId="18.[134,1238,869,944]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Fig. 16. Dorsal view of similar species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8FFFC3FDE17743FD792A65" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1866" box="[638,761,870,891]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8FFFC3FDE17743FD792A65" box="[638,761,870,891]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colostethus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From left to right, top row:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8FFFC3FBA47743FF562A8B" authority="MUSM" authorityName="MUSM" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8FFFC3FBA47743FB562A65" box="[1083,1238,870,891]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
MUSM
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
15609 (Ƌ), MUSM 15608 (Ƌ), AMNH 157004 (Ƌ); bottom row:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8FFFC3FC0877A5FB002A8B" authority="USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[919,1152,896,917]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8FFFC3FC0877A5FBAF2A8B" box="[919,1071,896,917]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
|
||
USNM
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
257805 (Ƌ), USNM 257806 (♀), NKA 3712 (♀), NKA 3708 (Ƌ). ×1.3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8FFFC3FF3C7092FE2B2F8F" blockId="18.[134,663,998,1741]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Head width between angle of jaws 34– 35% of SVL and 1.05–1.09 times head length. Interorbital distance 30–35% of head width. In profile, snout gently rounded above and bluntly pointed, protruding beyond jaws. In dorsal aspect, snout bluntly pointed. Loreal region flat and weakly sloping outward to lip. Canthus rostralis sharply rounded and well defined. Eye length 43–48% of head length. Eyenaris distance 51–57% of snout length and 63–67% of eye length. Nares directed posteriorly in profile; protuberant in dorsal aspect. Tympanum small, its greatest diameter 37–41% of the eye length. Teeth on maxillary arch straight, moderate in length, not curved and fanglike.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1F896600FF8FFFC3FD7F72A6FC8C2FD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5372374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5372374/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[736,774,1667,1688]" targetBox="[715,1233,1094,1645]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8FFFC3FD7F72A6FC8C2FD3" blockId="18.[710,1238,1667,1741]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Fig. 17. Palmar view of right hand of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8FFFC3FB0F72A6FC072FAD" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8FFFC3FB0F72A6FC072FAD" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colostethus alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 157004). Scale bar = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8FFFC2FF3C72BDFD992B26" blockId="18.[134,663,998,1741]" lastBlockId="19.[128,657,193,1741]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hand length (fig. 17) 26–28% of SVL, 1.11–1.23 times forearm length. Relative lengths of appressed fingers III> IV> I> II. All fingers with welldefined keellike lateral fringes, most prominent distally. Metacarpal fold short. A single subarticular tubercle on Fingers I and II, two on Fingers III and IV; distal tubercle of Finger IV diffuse, all others well defined and protuberant. Palmar tubercle subtriangular and well defined. Thenar tubercle elongate, small, poorly defined. Digital discs weakly expanded. Paired scutes on dorsal surface of each disc prominent. Preaxial side of Finger III swollen along entire length in adult males.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8EFFC2FF02761BFF642D13" blockId="19.[128,657,193,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Shank length 46–50% of SVL. Foot length 42–47% of SVL. Relative lengths of appressed toes IV> III> V> II> I. Welldeveloped webbing between all toes except Toes IV–V (webbing formula
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8EFFC2FE7A7696FE702BD5" bold="true" box="[485,496,691,715]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">I</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8EFFC2FD987696FD9B2BD5" bold="true" box="[519,539,691,715]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">½</emphasis>
|
||
–2
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8EFFC2FDDE7696FDD82BD5" bold="true" box="[577,600,691,715]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">II</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8EFFC2FDF17696FD022BD5" bold="true" box="[622,642,691,715]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">½</emphasis>
|
||
– 3
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8EFFC2FF0176F4FF402BF7" bold="true" box="[158,192,721,745]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">III</emphasis>
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8EFFC2FF4276F5FF712BF6" bold="true" box="[221,241,720,744]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">½</emphasis>
|
||
–3
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8EFFC2FE9176F5FED12BF7" bold="true" box="[270,337,720,745]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">½ IV</emphasis>
|
||
; fig. 14). Welldeveloped fringes on both edges of all toes. Weak outer metatarsal fringe present, as is curved tarsal keel. Toe discs weakly expanded with welldefined scutes on dorsal surface of each. One subarticular tubercle on Toes I and II, two on III and V, and three on IV; proximal tubercle on Toe III smaller than others and offset from midline. Inner metatarsal tubercle round, outer metatarsal tubercle elliptical, both well developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8EFFC2FF027031FE202C0B" blockId="19.[128,657,193,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">COLOR IN PRESERVATIVE: Dorsal coloration (figs. 13, 16) is dark gray to black, with minute pale spots scattered over the dorsum. The snout is somewhat paler than the surrounding area. A diffuse, gray dorsolateral stripe extends from the posterior corner of the eyelid to the pelvic region (broken and inconspicuous posterior to the level of the arms in MUSM 15609).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8EFFC2FF027139FF6E2F25" blockId="19.[128,657,193,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Ventral coloration is somewhat variable. In all, the throat, chest, and belly have gray stippling (fig. 15). In MUSM 15608 the stippling on the belly is limited to a few fairly discrete spots, but the venter is still darker than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8EFFC2FDE971B4FE862CD8" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8EFFC2FDE971B4FE862CD8" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In AMNH 159110 the venter is much more sparsely pigmented than in other specimens, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8EFFC2FE0571CCFDCC2F1E" box="[410,588,1513,1536]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8EFFC2FE0571CCFDCC2F1E" box="[410,588,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The subadult female also has extensive ventral stippling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8EFFC2FF027264FBA428BB" blockId="19.[128,657,193,1741]" lastBlockId="19.[704,1234,193,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thigh coloration is variable. Dorsally, the thigh is gray with one diffuse dark gray or blackish transverse band of variable width and numerous poorly defined dark gray and black blotches and spots (fig. 16). The anterior surface of the thigh has a diffuse dark gray or black stripe from the knee to the groin. The groin appears to be free of flash marks. The posterior surface of the thigh is gray and black with minute, diffuse whitish spots and flecks. A conspicuous white spot is present on each side of the cloaca. The thigh is ventrally immaculate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8EFFC2FD427589FB1F2BB3" blockId="19.[704,1234,193,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">The dorsal surface of the shank has one or two blackish transverse bands and numerous diffuse dark blotches and spots. The concealed surface of the shank is pale, free of melanophores. The inner surface of the foot is immaculate creamy white or faintly stippled pale gray; the plantar surface is gray with creamy white blotches and spots. Toe webbing is immaculate or stippled gray.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8EFFC2FD427691FC502ACD" blockId="19.[704,1234,193,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
The dorsal surface of the arm is gray with variably expressed darker blotches. The anterior surface of the arm is also gray in AMNH 157004 and MUSM 15608, but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="944D882AFF8EFFC2FD5F770CFCA62A5E" box="[704,806,809,832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(MUSM 15609) has a black spot at the base of each arm and a very weak, darker gray longitudinal stripe. The posterior surface of the arm is uniform gray, fading proximally. The arm is ventrally immaculate. The palmar surface is gray.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8EFFC2FD4277FCFC622DC5" blockId="19.[704,1234,193,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">The flank is black with an inconspicuous paler area or one or more elongate spots near the groin. The dark coloration of the flank is delimited ventrally by a poorly defined, pale ventrolateral stripe consisting of a wavy stripe or series of elongate spots. In ventral view, the lateral portions of the belly (i.e., medial and/or ventral to the ventrolateral stripe) are stippled gray.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8EFFC2FD4270C4FBEF2C4E" blockId="19.[704,1234,193,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">The black coloration of the flanks continues anteriad through the loreal region and around the snout (encompassing the nares). Below this the face is stippled gray.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8EFFC2FD427173FB372F25" blockId="19.[704,1234,193,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">COLORATION IN LIFE: AMNH 157004 (fig. 13) was greenish brown on the dorsum and flanks. The arms and legs had a yellowish tinge, especially the posteroproximal surface of the upper arm. The dorsolateral stripe was pale brown with a bronze tinge anteriorly. The iris was black with golden flecks with a conspicuous golden ring around the pupil.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="03EC6503FF8EFFC5FD427264FC172F55" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF8EFFC5FD427264FECE2D46" blockId="19.[704,1234,193,1741]" lastBlockId="20.[134,662,942,1112]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
NATURAL HISTORY:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF8EFFC2FC497264FD702F68" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF8EFFC2FC497264FD702F68" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colostethus alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is riparian. All the specimens collected to date were taken from habitats in early stages of succession. Males were observed calling beside streams, perched on mosscovered rocks or fallen vegetation, or hidden among rocks and vegetation. Calling activity was greatest in early morning and tapered off by midday, although it also was observed to continue into the afternoon, especially during the rainy season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1F896600FF89FFC5FF3F776EFE782A64" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372376" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5372376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5372376/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[160,198,843,864]" targetBox="[148,1225,185,821]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF89FFC5FF3F776EFE782A64" blockId="20.[134,1238,843,891]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Fig. 18. Narrowband (59 Hz) spectrogram and waveform of advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF89FFC5FBC4776EFE802A65" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FBC4776EFE802A65" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Colostethus alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF89FFC5FEA97059FE682D8C" blockId="20.[310,488,1148,1171]" box="[310,488,1148,1171]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">VOCALIZATIONS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF89FFC5FF3C7083FF442F8D" blockId="20.[134,663,1190,1741]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
An uncollected individual was recorded by Alessandro Catenazzi at a creek at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="944D882AFF89FFC5FDFB70E1FD162DC5" box="[612,662,1220,1243]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality at 10:00 h on
|
||
<date id="3F481048FF89FFC5FE3170C4FD122DE6" box="[430,658,1249,1272]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1999-02-21">21 February 1999</date>
|
||
, 17.4°C (AMNH herpetology reel 289). Although the specimen evaded capture, it was clearly observed calling from a mosscovered rock overhung by tree roots; many other specimens were also observed calling, and all emitted the same vocalization. Data were taken from a continuous train of 321 couplets and two single notes in 1.40 min of continuous tape. Couplets are produced rhythmically at an average rate of 1.58 couplets per sec. Detailed data were taken from the first 35 vocalizations of this series; the two single notes were pooled with the first notes of couplets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF89FFC5FF3C72BCFC8B2DAE" blockId="20.[134,663,1190,1741]" lastBlockId="20.[710,1239,942,1611]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The duration of the first note of each couplet is significantly longer than the second note (
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FC95778AFC9C2AD8" box="[778,796,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.0001); the first note ranges from 84.4–103.1 msec (
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FC3D77E9FC312AFD" box="[930,945,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 35,
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FB9A77E9FB922AFD" box="[1029,1042,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 91.96 ± 0.62 msec), whereas the second note is 75.0–87.5 msec (
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FC8A7022FCA42D00" box="[789,804,1031,1054]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 33,
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FCE27022FC0A2D00" box="[893,906,1031,1054]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 81.06 ± 0.64 msec). Internote duration is 34.4–53.1 msec (
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FBE67001FB082D25" box="[1145,1160,1060,1083]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 33,
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FD597064FD532D46" box="[710,723,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 46.69 ± 0.65 msec). Time between couplets is 212.5–596.9 msec (
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FB9B707AFB932D68" box="[1028,1043,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 33,
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FBFC707AFBF02D68" box="[1123,1136,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 365.4 ± 19.6 msec). Notes are weakly or nonpulsatile.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF89FFC5FD7C7093FC172F55" blockId="20.[710,1239,942,1611]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Spectral energy is concentrated between 3400–4320 Hz with the greatest energy peak at 3720–4160 Hz (
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FC3170D4FC3D2C16" box="[942,957,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 68,
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FB8670D4FBA62C16" box="[1049,1062,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 3881 ± 10 Hz); all but four of the 35 calls exhibit greatest energy peaks below 4.0 kHz. Each note is strongly frequency modulated from lower to higher (fig. 18). The two notes of each couplet overlap almost completely in all spectral parameters and are only statistically distinguishable in that the minimum frequency of the first note is slightly higher than the second note (first note:
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FC7F71DCFC6F2F0E" box="[992,1007,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 35,
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FBD971DCFBD32F0E" box="[1094,1107,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 3512 ± 9 Hz; second note:
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FC277232FC472F30" box="[952,967,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 33,
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FBBA7232FBB22F30" box="[1061,1074,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 3484 ± 9 Hz;
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC5FD657211FC8C2F55" box="[762,780,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.0351).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="03EC6503FF89FFC4FC07724BFDA82A1B" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF89FFC5FC07724BFB842F9B" blockId="20.[920,1028,1646,1669]" box="[920,1028,1646,1669]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B493688FF89FFC4FD7C72BCFDA82A1B" blockId="20.[710,1238,1689,1742]" lastBlockId="21.[128,657,193,773]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Given the overall morphological similarity and geographic distributions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF89FFC4FBD27292FE8829C6" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alessandroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF89FFC4FBD27292FE8829C6" italics="true" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Colostethus alessandroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CF64D0BFF88FFC4FED274E4FE7B29C6" box="[333,507,193,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7982EA9AFF88FFC4FED274E4FE7B29C6" box="[333,507,193,216]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is likely that they are closely related. Indeed, the possibility exists that they are geographic variants of a single species, such as extremes in a cline. However, although few specimens are presently available, we compared directly equivalent semaphoronts (adult males) from several localities and found no evidence of clinal variation along either a latitudinal or altitudinal gradient,
|
||
<superScript id="BC839BC0FF88FFC4FEF675EDFEF228C8" attach="left" box="[361,370,456,470]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">7</superScript>
|
||
and a number of characters distinguish the two groups. Additional specimens, especially from intermediate localities, are required to further assess intraspecific variation and test our hypothesis. Similarly, the inclusion of additional lines of evidence (e.g., vocalizations, osteology, DNA sequence data) could further elucidate this problem, although failure to discover differences in them would not necessarily prove these populations to be conspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |