treatments-xml/data/C2/E6/D1/C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.84146" ID-GBIF-Dataset="236f75c0-a3ae-49e7-aed2-6b2c599c1528" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-92-185" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9EDA5F44384C5111ABEABC3589B26E97" ID-ZooBank="A6251FB883224C3B9B176DC5211CDEE8" ModsDocID="1314-2607-92-185" checkinTime="1661987354663" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kim, Sangjin, Tomanovic, Zeljko, Petrovic, Andjeljko, Ckrkic, Jelisaveta, Lee, Gyeonghyoen, Lim, Jongok &amp; Kim, Hyojoong" docDate="2022" docId="C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 92: 185-198" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 92" docPubDate="2022-08-31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.84146" docTitle="Toxares koreanus Tomanovic, Kim &amp; Petrovic 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="82B185A3-71D2-4E6B-B84B-AC887FC14140" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="9EDA5F44384C5111ABEABC3589B26E97" lastPageNumber="185" masterDocId="9EDA5F44384C5111ABEABC3589B26E97" masterDocTitle="Toxares koreanus sp. nov. - a new Toxares species from South Korea (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="185" pageNumber="185" updateTime="1662003518272" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Toxares koreanus sp. nov. - a new Toxares species from South Korea (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kim, Sangjin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8395-8019</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Lab., Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tomanovic, Zeljko</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-5480</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia &amp; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Petrovic, Andjeljko</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8126-9620</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ckrkic, Jelisaveta</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4547-1346</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lee, Gyeonghyoen</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-7909</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Lab., Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lim, Jongok</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-3024</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, JB 54538, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kim, Hyojoong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-2991</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Lab., Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hkim@kunsan.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-08-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>92</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>185</mods:start>
<mods:end>198</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.84146</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.84146</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-92-185</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A6251FB883224C3B9B176DC5211CDEE8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9EDA5F44384C5111ABEABC3589B26E97</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="199907896" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:82B185A3-71D2-4E6B-B84B-AC887FC14140" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="185" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/82B185A3-71D2-4E6B-B84B-AC887FC14140" authority="Tomanović, Kim &amp; Petrović" authorityName="Tomanovic, Kim &amp; Petrovic" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Toxares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxares koreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreanus" status="sp. nov.">
Toxares koreanus 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tomanović">Tomanovic</normalizedToken>
, Kim &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petrović">Petrovic</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="185">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="185" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tomanovic, Kim &amp; Petrovic" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Toxares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxares koreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Toxares koreanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. morphologically resembles 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. shigai" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" rank="species" species="shigai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">T. shigai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having elongated flagellomere 1 (F1), which is clearly longer than flagellomere 2 (F2) and elongated petiole at the spiracles level. However, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. koreanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" rank="species" species="koreanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">T. koreanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is easily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. shigai" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" rank="species" species="shigai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">T. shigai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the shape of petiole (petiole with parallel sides in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. koreanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" rank="species" species="koreanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">T. koreanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., while laterally expanded and longitudinally striated in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. shigai" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" rank="species" species="shigai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">T. shigai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), yellow colored F1-F3 and even a yellowish base of F4 in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. koreanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" rank="species" species="koreanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">T. koreanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., while light brown colored F1-F3 in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. shigai" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" rank="species" species="shigai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">T. shigai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. koreanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" rank="species" species="koreanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">T. koreanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. morphologically resembles 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. macrosiphophagum" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" rank="species" species="macrosiphophagum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">T. macrosiphophagum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs in more elongated F1 which is clearly longer than F2, more elongated petiole, and color of basal flagellomeres (yellow colored F1-F3 and yellow base of F4 in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. koreanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" rank="species" species="koreanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">T. koreanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., and yellowish F1 and F2 in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. macrosiphophagum" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" rank="species" species="macrosiphophagum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">T. macrosiphophagum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="185" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Female</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., female A head B antennae C flagellomere F 1 - F 4 D mesoscutum E propodeum F petiole G ovipositor H forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736677" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">1</figureCitation>
, Suppl. material 1: Fig. S1): 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Head</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., female A head B antennae C flagellomere F 1 - F 4 D mesoscutum E propodeum F petiole G ovipositor H forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736677" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">1A</figureCitation>
) rounded, bearing sparse setae. Eyes large and oval. Tentorial index (tentoriocular line/intertentorial line) 0.30-0.36. Clypeus with about 10 long setae. Malar space equal to 0.20 of longitudinal eye diameter. Mandible bidentate, with 6-7 setae on the outer surface. Maxillary palps with four palpomeres, labial palps with three palpomeres. Antenna 17-18 segmented (17, 2♀; 18, 1♀), flagellate (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., female A head B antennae C flagellomere F 1 - F 4 D mesoscutum E propodeum F petiole G ovipositor H forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736677" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">1B</figureCitation>
). Flagellomere 1 (F1) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., female A head B antennae C flagellomere F 1 - F 4 D mesoscutum E propodeum F petiole G ovipositor H forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736677" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">1C</figureCitation>
) clearly longer than F2 (F1/F2 length 1.1-1.2) and 3.75-4.00 times as long as its maximum width at the middle. F1 with 2-3 and F2 with 3-5 longitudinal placodes (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., female A head B antennae C flagellomere F 1 - F 4 D mesoscutum E propodeum F petiole G ovipositor H forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736677" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">1C</figureCitation>
). Flagellomeres covered uniformly with semi-erect setae subequal to antennal segments diameter.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736677" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tomanovic, Kim &amp; Petrovic" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Toxares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxares koreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Toxares koreanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., female 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">A</emphasis>
head 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">B</emphasis>
antennae 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">C</emphasis>
flagellomere F1-F4 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">D</emphasis>
mesoscutum 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">E</emphasis>
propodeum 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">F</emphasis>
petiole 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">G</emphasis>
ovipositor 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">H</emphasis>
forewing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Mesoscutum smooth, rounded, with mid pit in the middle posterior part. Notaulices distinct in very short ascendent portion of anterolateral margin, with two rows of long setae along the dorsolateral part of mesoscutum (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., female A head B antennae C flagellomere F 1 - F 4 D mesoscutum E propodeum F petiole G ovipositor H forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736677" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">1D</figureCitation>
). Scutellum elongated, bearing 6-7 long setae in the central part. Scutellar sulcus divided into equal halves. Propodeum (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., female A head B antennae C flagellomere F 1 - F 4 D mesoscutum E propodeum F petiole G ovipositor H forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736677" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">1E</figureCitation>
) areolated with large central areola. Upper propodeal areolas with 5-7 long setae and lower areolas with 1-4 long setae on each. Forewing (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., female A head B antennae C flagellomere F 1 - F 4 D mesoscutum E propodeum F petiole G ovipositor H forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736677" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">1F</figureCitation>
) densely pubescent, with long marginal setae. Pterostigma elongated, 6.35-6.7 times as long as its width, subequal to R1 vein (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., female A head B antennae C flagellomere F 1 - F 4 D mesoscutum E propodeum F petiole G ovipositor H forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736677" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">1F</figureCitation>
). Forewing 2RS vein shorter than 3RSa vein (2RS/3RSa = 0.55) and 3RSa shorter than 3RSb vein (3RSa/3RSb = 0.73).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Metasoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Petiole (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., female A head B antennae C flagellomere F 1 - F 4 D mesoscutum E propodeum F petiole G ovipositor H forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736677" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">1G</figureCitation>
) slightly rugose and convex dorsally, with lateral depression at level of prominent spiracular tubercles. Petiole length 2.80-2.86 times its width at the base of spiracles, with 5-6 long setae along each side (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., female A head B antennae C flagellomere F 1 - F 4 D mesoscutum E propodeum F petiole G ovipositor H forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736677" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">1G</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor sheath deltoid shaped (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., female A head B antennae C flagellomere F 1 - F 4 D mesoscutum E propodeum F petiole G ovipositor H forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736677" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">1H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Body length</emphasis>
: about 1.70-2.20 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Coloration</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
General body color light brown to yellow. Scape, pedicel and F1-F3 yellow, F4 basally light brown, remaining antennal parts brown. Mouthparts yellow. Head brown. Mesoscutum light brown to brown. Propodeum light brown. Legs yellow with brown apices. Petiole yellow to light brown, other metasomal terga light brown. Ovipositor sheath yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Male</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., male A antennae B flagellomere F 1 and F 2 C mesoscutum D propodeum E petiole F ovipositor G forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736678" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">2</figureCitation>
): Antenna 19-segmented with shorter flagellomeres (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., male A antennae B flagellomere F 1 and F 2 C mesoscutum D propodeum E petiole F ovipositor G forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736678" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">2A</figureCitation>
). F1 about 2.60 times as long as wide and longer than F2 (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., male A antennae B flagellomere F 1 and F 2 C mesoscutum D propodeum E petiole F ovipositor G forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736678" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">2B</figureCitation>
). Number of longitudinal placodes on F1 and F2, 3 and 5, respectively. Maxillary palps with four palpomeres, labial palps with three palpomeres. Pterostigma shorter than in female and about 4.7 times as long as wide. Mesosoma with small mid pit. Petiole shorter than in female and about 2.55 times longer than width at spiracles level. Male genitalia (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Toxares koreanus sp. nov., male A antennae B flagellomere F 1 and F 2 C mesoscutum D propodeum E petiole F ovipositor G forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736678" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">2C</figureCitation>
). Body generaly darker than in female. Scapus and pedicel light brown. F1 yellow, remaining antennal parts brown. Legs yellow to light brown with dark apices. Petiole and first half of metasomal terga light brown, remaining part of metasoma brown. Legs and mouthparts light brown.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736678" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tomanovic, Kim &amp; Petrovic" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Toxares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxares koreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Toxares koreanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">A</emphasis>
antennae 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">B</emphasis>
flagellomere F1 and F2 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">C</emphasis>
mesoscutum 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">D</emphasis>
propodeum 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">E</emphasis>
petiole 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">F</emphasis>
ovipositor 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">G</emphasis>
forewing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="185" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">The name of the new species is derived from Republic of Korea where it was found.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="185" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-05-06" collectingDateMax="2021-05-24" collectingDateMin="2021-05-06" collectorName="Malaise, Yeonghyeok Yu, Sangjin Kim, JuHyeong Sohn, Yunjong Han, Gyeongyeon Lee." country="Korea" county="Mt. Beophwa" latitude="35.70211" location="Wolgok-ri" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.53187" municipality="San" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Jeollabuk-do" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingCounty>Mt. Beophwa</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>San</collectingMunicipality>
128-1, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B:5031796ABAE4681DA5C3BA03D54C479E" country="Korea" county="Mt. Beophwa" latitude="35.70211" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.53187" municipality="San" name="Wolgok-ri" stateProvince="Jeollabuk-do">Wolgok-ri</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B:ED25072C2810F0BCF26C9B1A036C83BD" country="Korea" county="Mt. Beophwa" latitude="35.70211" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.53187" municipality="San" name="Cheoncheon-myeon" stateProvince="Jeollabuk-do">Cheoncheon-myeon</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B:B146B56E9D53B7CDD622CECF86168166" country="Korea" county="Mt. Beophwa" latitude="35.70211" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.53187" municipality="San" name="Jasnsu-gun" stateProvince="Jeollabuk-do">Jasnsu-gun</location>
, 
<collectingRegion country="South Korea" name="Jeonbuk">Jeollabuk-do</collectingRegion>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="07.6" value="35.70211">35°42'07.6&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="54.7" value="127.53187">127°31'54.7&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; collected by 
<collectorName>Malaise</collectorName>
trap: 
<collectingDate value="2021-05-06" valueMax="2021-05-24" valueMin="2021-05-06">06.V-24.V.2021</collectingDate>
; leg. 
<collectorName>Yeonghyeok Yu</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Sangjin Kim</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>JuHyeong Sohn</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Yunjong Han</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Gyeongyeon Lee.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Republic of Korea" location="National Institute of Biological Resources" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Incheon" typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
deposited in 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B:585AA12CB8080167944EF6CB00709E05" country="Republic of Korea" name="National Institute of Biological Resources" stateProvince="Incheon">National Institute of Biological Resources</location>
, 
<collectingRegion country="South Korea" name="Incheon">Incheon</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry name="South Korea">Republic of Korea</collectingCountry>
slide mounted
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="Malaise" country="Korea" county="Mt. Beophwa" latitude="35.70211" location="Wolgok-ri" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.53187" municipality="San" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Jeollabuk-do" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingCounty>Mt. Beophwa</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>San</collectingMunicipality>
128-1, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B:4B654FB0C763A1DC42F411307D4359AB" country="Korea" county="Mt. Beophwa" latitude="35.70211" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.53187" municipality="San" name="Wolgok-ri" stateProvince="Jeollabuk-do">Wolgok-ri</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B:9B6C21903BEA0B25CB9D13C08FFBB743" country="Korea" county="Mt. Beophwa" latitude="35.70211" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.53187" municipality="San" name="Cheoncheon-myeon" stateProvince="Jeollabuk-do">Cheoncheon-myeon</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B:77AF3D15F257B2D39ECE1798E499F9CF" country="Korea" county="Mt. Beophwa" latitude="35.70211" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.53187" municipality="San" name="Jasnsu-gun" stateProvince="Jeollabuk-do">Jasnsu-gun</location>
, 
<collectingRegion country="South Korea" name="Jeonbuk">Jeollabuk-do</collectingRegion>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="07.6" value="35.70211">35°42'07.6&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="54.7" value="127.53187">127°31'54.7&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; collected by 
<collectorName>Malaise</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
trap: 
<date value="2021-05-06" valueMax="2021-05-24" valueMin="2021-05-06">06.V-24.V.2021</date>
; leg. Yeonghyeok Yu, Sangjin Kim, JuHyeong Sohn, Yunjong Han, Gyeongyeon Lee. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Republic of Korea" location="National Institute of Biological Resources" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Incheon" typeStatus="Paratype">
<typeStatus>Paratype</typeStatus>
slide mounted and deposited in 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B:E593D6B1476F1C97FD00BBDB9B36F997" country="Republic of Korea" name="National Institute of Biological Resources" stateProvince="Incheon">National Institute of Biological Resources</location>
, 
<collectingRegion country="South Korea" name="Incheon">Incheon</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry name="South Korea">Republic of Korea</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="185" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Additional material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="San" country="Korea" county="Mt. Beophwa" location="Cheoncheon-myeon" municipality="Wolgok-ri" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Jeollabuk-do">
<collectingCountry name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
; 
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCounty>Mt. Beophwa</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectorName>San</collectorName>
128-1, 
<collectingMunicipality>Wolgok-ri</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B:FB0DE2429A232B2639E0C4331A7F90DE" country="Korea" county="Mt. Beophwa" municipality="Wolgok-ri" name="Cheoncheon-myeon" stateProvince="Jeollabuk-do">Cheoncheon-myeon</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B:91D4B8958C4D6D3ECE5CE07B0E010F6C" country="Korea" county="Mt. Beophwa" municipality="Wolgok-ri" name="Jasnsu-gun" stateProvince="Jeollabuk-do">Jasnsu-gun</location>
, 
<collectingRegion country="South Korea" name="Jeonbuk">Jeollabuk-do</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="07.6" value="35.70211">35°42'07.6&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="54.7" value="127.53187">127°31'54.7&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; collected by Malaise trap: 
<date value="2021-05-06" valueMax="2021-05-24" valueMin="2021-05-06">06.V-24.V.2021</date>
; leg. Yeonghyeok Yu, Sangjin Kim, JuHyeong Sohn, Yunjong Han, Gyeongyeon Lee • 
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-05-24" collectingDateMax="2021-06-02" collectingDateMin="2021-05-24" collectorName="Malaise, Yeonghyeok Yu, Sangjin Kim, JuHyeong Sohn, Yunjong Han, Gyeongyeon Lee. Specimens" country="Korea" county="Mt. Beophwa" location="Kunsan National University" municipality="Wolgok-ri" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jeollabuk-do">
same locality; collected by 
<collectorName>Malaise</collectorName>
trap: 
<collectingDate value="2021-05-24" valueMax="2021-06-02" valueMin="2021-05-24">24.V-02.VI.2021</collectingDate>
; leg. 
<collectorName>Yeonghyeok Yu</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Sangjin Kim</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>JuHyeong Sohn</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Yunjong Han</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Gyeongyeon Lee. Specimens</collectorName>
deposited dry and immersion-mounted in 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2E6D135478C59288DA52B1B8C87263B:2E7959D54A30D655692211B65447F35A" country="Korea" county="Mt. Beophwa" name="Kunsan National University" stateProvince="Jeollabuk-do">Kunsan National University</location>
, 
<collectingRegion country="South Korea" name="Jeonbuk">Jeollabuk-do</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<collectingCountry name="South Korea">Republic of Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="185" type="molecular analysis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Molecular analysis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
Obtained phylogenetic trees reconstructed based on 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">COI</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">28S</emphasis>
and the combination of both genes showed identical topology, and the tree based on the combination of both genes is shown on Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships between Toxares, Ephedrus and Praon species based on combined sequences of COI and 28 S RNA genes. Species name is followed by code or GenBank accession numbers in brackets. Bootstrap values are indicated above / below branches in order ML / MP." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736679" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">3</figureCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tomanovic, Kim &amp; Petrovic" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Toxares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxares koreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Toxares koreanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. groups with the only other 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Toxares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxares" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Toxares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species used in the analysis, while this clade is sister to the clade of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Praon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Praon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ephedrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephedrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Ephedrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species basally form a separate clade on the tree.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.92.84146.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/736679" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic relationships between 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Toxares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxares" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Toxares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ephedrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephedrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Ephedrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Praon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Praon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species based on combined sequences of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">COI</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">28S RNA</emphasis>
genes. Species name is followed by code or GenBank accession numbers in brackets. Bootstrap values are indicated above/below branches in order ML/MP.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="185">
Calculated genetic distances (Tables 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Genetic distances (K 2 P) between analysed Aphidiinae species based on COI (bold) and 28 S (upper right) and on both genes combined (lower left)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/977DFA19E2439F5540C844690C909B0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" tableUuid="977DFA19E2439F5540C844690C909B0F">1</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation captionStartId="TID0EWAAI" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">2</tableCitation>
) also indicate closer relatedness between 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Toxares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxares" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Toxares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Praon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Praon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than between 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Toxares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxares" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Toxares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ephedrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephedrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="185">Ephedrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>