534 lines
47 KiB
XML
534 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.194.3308" ID-PMC="PMC3367566" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-194-17" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFD7FFB3D6175F492E1DFFF1FF92A12F" ID-PubMed="22679382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577254" ModsDocID="1313-2970-194-17" checkinTime="1451249016775" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Erwin, Terry L. & White, William H." docDate="2012" docId="BEDCBA6DC3891251114B42E5A418DCBC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 194: 17-32" docOrigin="ZooKeys 194" docPubDate="2012-05-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.194.3308" docTitle="Leptotrachelus dorsalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FFD7FFB3D6175F492E1DFFF1FF92A12F" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFD7FFB3D6175F492E1DFFF1FF92A12F" masterDocTitle="The Nearctic-Caribbean species Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius, 1801): Larval descriptions with a diagnosis of immature Ctenodactylini and natural history notes on the genus and tribe (Coleoptera, Carabidae)" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1668153902934" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Nearctic-Caribbean species Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius, 1801): Larval descriptions with a diagnosis of immature Ctenodactylini and natural history notes on the genus and tribe (Coleoptera, Carabidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Erwin, Terry L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Hyper-diversity Group, Department of Entomology, MRC- 187, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, P. O. Box 37012, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">erwint@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>White, William H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>USDA, ARS, Sugarcane Research Laboratory, Houma, LA 70360, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2012-05-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>194</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>17</mods:start>
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<mods:end>32</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.194.3308</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.194.3308</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-194-17</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFD7FFB3D6175F492E1DFFF1FF92A12F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577254</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152035558" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BEDCBA6DC3891251114B42E5A418DCBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BEDCBA6DC3891251114B42E5A418DCBC" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName LSID="BEDCBA6D-C389-1251-114B-42E5A418DCBC" authority="(Fabricius, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptotrachelus dorsalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius, 1801)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Description of first and third instars.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Coloration</emphasis>
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(as in
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larva, 3 rd instar (top), 2 nd instar (bottom), dorsal aspect, of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). Apparent body length (ABL) (L 3 = 8.9 mm; L 2 = 7.0)" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18255" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Mostly pale cream color with infuscated head capsule, mandibles, and urogomphi, the latter with pale spots; other mouthparts, antennae, and pronotum slightly darker than rest of body.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="microsculpture">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Microsculpture.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Head capsule without visible sculpticels.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="form">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Form.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larva, 3 rd instar (top), 2 nd instar (bottom), dorsal aspect, of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). Apparent body length (ABL) (L 3 = 8.9 mm; L 2 = 7.0)" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18255" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larval head capsule (L 1) of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18257" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Larval head capsule (L 3) of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18264" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">8</figureCitation>
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). Nasale moderately produced, quarto-dentate, teeth coequal in length; mandibles robust and with obvious serrations medially on blade and posterior to retinaculum; genae not prominent, very slightly wider than distance across stemmata, slightly narrowed to broad neck. Eyes of 6 barely prominent stemmata. Antennomere slightly shorter than porrect mandible; antennomere 2 slightly shorter than 1, 3, and 4. Mandible with prominent retinaculum, curved dentiform; terebral blade obviously serrate, pensillus absent. Ligula of labium slightly produced, unisetose, labrum ventrally sextasetose. Ratios of palpomere lengths can be deduced from the illustrations.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18255" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Larva, 3rd instar (top), 2nd instar (bottom), dorsal aspect, of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Leptotrachelus dorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius). Apparent body length (ABL) (L3 = 8.9mm; L2 = 7.0)
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18257" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Larval head capsule (L1) of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Leptotrachelus dorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
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dorsal aspect
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
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ventral aspect. Scale line equals 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="thorax">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Thorax.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larva, 3 rd instar (top), 2 nd instar (bottom), dorsal aspect, of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). Apparent body length (ABL) (L 3 = 8.9 mm; L 2 = 7.0)" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18255" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Larval thorax (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Prothorax T- 1 Mesothorax T- 2 Metathorax T- 3 Episternum ES Epimeron EM. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18259" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Larval thorax (L 3), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Prothorax T- 1 Mesothorax T- 2 Metathorax T- 3. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18266" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">9</figureCitation>
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). Prothorax narrowly quadrate (L1), more broadly quadrate (L3); meso- and metathorax transverse trapezoid, narrow anteriad, broader posteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18259" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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Larval thorax (L1), of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Leptotrachelus dorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
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dorsal aspect
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
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ventral aspect. Prothorax
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">T-1</emphasis>
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Mesothorax
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">T-2</emphasis>
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Metathorax
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">T-3</emphasis>
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Episternum
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">ES</emphasis>
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Epimeron
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">EM</emphasis>
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. Scale line equals 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="abdomen">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Abdomen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larva, 3 rd instar (top), 2 nd instar (bottom), dorsal aspect, of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). Apparent body length (ABL) (L 3 = 8.9 mm; L 2 = 7.0)" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18255" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Larval abdomen (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Abdominal segments A- 1 through A- 6. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18260" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larval abdomen (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Abdominal segments A- 7 through A- 10; and cerci and pygidium. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18262" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Larval abdomen (L 3), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Abdominal segments A- 1 through A- 6. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18268" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Larval abdomen (L 3), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Abdominal segments A- 7 through A- 10 and cerci and pygidium. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18270" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">11</figureCitation>
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). Segments hexagonal, broad. Urogomphi about one and a half times as long as prothorax is long.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18260" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Larval abdomen (L1), of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Leptotrachelus dorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
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dorsal aspect
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
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ventral aspect. Abdominal segments
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">A-1</emphasis>
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through
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">A-6</emphasis>
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. Scale line equals 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="legs">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Legs.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larva, 3 rd instar (top), 2 nd instar (bottom), dorsal aspect, of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). Apparent body length (ABL) (L 3 = 8.9 mm; L 2 = 7.0)" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18255" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Coxa CO trochanter TR femur FE and tarsus T 1, T 2, TA of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius), posterior lateral aspect. A L 1, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg B L 3, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18271" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">12</figureCitation>
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). Tarsus unispinose at apex and with a single seta at midpoint dorsally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="chaetotaxy (l1)">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Chaetotaxy (L1).</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Head.</emphasis>
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Frontale (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larval head capsule (L 1) of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18257" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) with 7 setae (FR1
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">-</emphasis>
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FR7) on each side; and 2 pores (FRc &FRe) on each side; egg burster a lyre-shaped row of short setae. Parietale (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larval head capsule (L 1) of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18257" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figs 4A, 4B</figureCitation>
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) with 19 setae (PA1
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">-</emphasis>
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PA19) and 5 pores (PAc, PAj, PAk, PAm, PAn) on each side. Antenna (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larval head capsule (L 1) of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18257" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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): antennomere 1 with 3 pores (unlabeled); antennomeres 2
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">-</emphasis>
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4 with no pores; antennomere 3 with 3 setae (AN1
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">-</emphasis>
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AN3) and 1 small
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="21" start="start">sensilla</pageBreakToken>
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near base of sensorial appendage (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larval head capsule (L 1) of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18257" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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); antennomere 4 with 4 setae (AN1
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">-</emphasis>
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AN4) and 2 small apical sensillae (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larval head capsule (L 1) of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18257" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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). Mandible (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larval head capsule (L 1) of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18257" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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) with 1 seta (MN1) and 2 pores (MNb
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">-</emphasis>
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MNc). Labium (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larval head capsule (L 1) of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18257" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
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): prementum with 3 setae (LA2, LA3, LA7) and 1 pore (LAa) on each side; palpomere 1 with 1 pore (LAb); palpomere 2 and 3 without visible features. Maxilla (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larval head capsule (L 1) of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18257" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
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): cardo without setae; stipes with 3 constant setae (MX2, MX3, MX4); 5 pores (MXa
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">-</emphasis>
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MXc), others not labeled; lacinia and galeomeres without setae and pores; maxillary palpomeres without visible sensatory features.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" type="thorax">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Thorax.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
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Prothorax: Notum (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Larval thorax (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Prothorax T- 1 Mesothorax T- 2 Metathorax T- 3 Episternum ES Epimeron EM. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18259" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 10 major setae (PR2
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">-</emphasis>
|
|
4, 6, 8
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">-</emphasis>
|
|
13), PR1, 5, 7 absent, and 3 pores (PRc only named one) on each side; pleurite (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Larval thorax (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Prothorax T- 1 Mesothorax T- 2 Metathorax T- 3 Episternum ES Epimeron EM. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18259" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 3 setae (PL9, 10,11), and no pores on each side; episternum (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Larval thorax (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Prothorax T- 1 Mesothorax T- 2 Metathorax T- 3 Episternum ES Epimeron EM. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18259" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 3 setae (unnumbered).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="22" start="start">Mesothorax</pageBreakToken>
|
|
: Notum (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Larval thorax (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Prothorax T- 1 Mesothorax T- 2 Metathorax T- 3 Episternum ES Epimeron EM. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18259" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 14 setae (ME1
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">-</emphasis>
|
|
ME14), 3 small auxiliary setae, and 1 pores (MEg) on each side; episternum (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Larval thorax (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Prothorax T- 1 Mesothorax T- 2 Metathorax T- 3 Episternum ES Epimeron EM. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18259" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
|
) with no setae and no pores; epimeron (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Larval thorax (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Prothorax T- 1 Mesothorax T- 2 Metathorax T- 3 Episternum ES Epimeron EM. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18259" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 1 seta (EM1); pleurite (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Larval thorax (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Prothorax T- 1 Mesothorax T- 2 Metathorax T- 3 Episternum ES Epimeron EM. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18259" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 3 posterior seta (PL1, 5, 6); sternum (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Larval thorax (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Prothorax T- 1 Mesothorax T- 2 Metathorax T- 3 Episternum ES Epimeron EM. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18259" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 1 seta (not numbered) and no pores on each side.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="23" type="abdomen">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="23" start="start">Abdomen</pageBreakToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
|
|
Tergite I (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larval abdomen (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Abdominal segments A- 7 through A- 10; and cerci and pygidium. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18262" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 10 setae (TE1
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">-</emphasis>
|
|
TE10, TE8 missing and several accessory setae present) and 1 pore on each side. Tergites II
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">-</emphasis>
|
|
VIII as in Tergite 1 but with less accessory setae. Tergite IX and urogomphi (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larval abdomen (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Abdominal segments A- 7 through A- 10; and cerci and pygidium. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18262" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 8 setae (UR1
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">-</emphasis>
|
|
UR8, UR1 missing) and no pores. Epipleurite (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larval abdomen (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Abdominal segments A- 7 through A- 10; and cerci and pygidium. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18262" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 2 setae (unnumbered) and no pores. Hypopleurite (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larval abdomen (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Abdominal segments A- 7 through A- 10; and cerci and pygidium. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18262" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 7 setae (unnumbered) and no pores. Sterna 1
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">-</emphasis>
|
|
9 (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Larval abdomen (L 1), of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B ventral aspect. Abdominal segments A- 7 through A- 10; and cerci and pygidium. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18262" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 5 or 6 setae each side (unnumbered) all in the same pattern. Sternum IX with 4 setae (ST2
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">-</emphasis>
|
|
ST5) on each side.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18262" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
Larval abdomen (L1), of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Leptotrachelus dorsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fabricius).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal aspect
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
|
|
ventral aspect. Abdominal segments
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">A-7</emphasis>
|
|
through
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">A-10</emphasis>
|
|
; and cerci and pygidium. Scale line equals 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18264" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
|
Larval head capsule (L3) of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Leptotrachelus dorsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fabricius).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal aspect
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
|
|
ventral aspect. Scale line equals 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18266" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
|
Larval thorax (L3), of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Leptotrachelus dorsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fabricius).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal aspect
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
|
|
ventral aspect. Prothorax
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">T-1</emphasis>
|
|
Mesothorax
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">T-2</emphasis>
|
|
Metathorax
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">T-3</emphasis>
|
|
. Scale line equals 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18268" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
|
Larval abdomen (L3), of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Leptotrachelus dorsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fabricius).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal aspect
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
|
|
ventral aspect. Abdominal segments
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">A-1</emphasis>
|
|
through
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">A-6</emphasis>
|
|
. Scale line equals 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18270" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
|
Larval abdomen (L3), of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Leptotrachelus dorsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fabricius).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal aspect
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
|
|
ventral aspect. Abdominal segments
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">A-7</emphasis>
|
|
through
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">A-10</emphasis>
|
|
and cerci and pygidium. Scale line equals 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" type="legs">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Legs.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
|
|
Coxa (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Coxa CO trochanter TR femur FE and tarsus T 1, T 2, TA of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius), posterior lateral aspect. A L 1, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg B L 3, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18271" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 1 setae (CO10). Trochanter (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Coxa CO trochanter TR femur FE and tarsus T 1, T 2, TA of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius), posterior lateral aspect. A L 1, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg B L 3, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18271" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 8 setae (TR1
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">-</emphasis>
|
|
TR8), 2 unnumbered accessory setae and no pores. Femur (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Coxa CO trochanter TR femur FE and tarsus T 1, T 2, TA of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius), posterior lateral aspect. A L 1, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg B L 3, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18271" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 6 setae (FE1
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="24" start="start">-</pageBreakToken>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
FE6), 1unnumbered accessory seta and no pores. Tibia (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Coxa CO trochanter TR femur FE and tarsus T 1, T 2, TA of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius), posterior lateral aspect. A L 1, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg B L 3, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18271" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 6 setae (TI1
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
|
TI7, TI6 missing) and no pores. Tarsus (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Coxa CO trochanter TR femur FE and tarsus T 1, T 2, TA of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius), posterior lateral aspect. A L 1, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg B L 3, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18271" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|
) 2 segmented, with 6 seta (T21
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
|
T26) and 1 unnumbered accessory seta and no pores on T2, and 1 constant seta on T1 and 1 unnumbered accessory seta and no pores. Claws (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Coxa CO trochanter TR femur FE and tarsus T 1, T 2, TA of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius), posterior lateral aspect. A L 1, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg B L 3, top - anterior leg; middle - middle leg; bottom - posterior leg. Scale line equals 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18271" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|
) with 1 seta near base.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18271" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
|
Coxa
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">CO</emphasis>
|
|
trochanter
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">TR</emphasis>
|
|
femur
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">FE</emphasis>
|
|
and tarsus
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">T1, T2, TA</emphasis>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Leptotrachelus dorsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fabricius), posterior lateral aspect.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">A</emphasis>
|
|
L1, top
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
|
anterior leg; middle
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
|
middle leg; bottom
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
|
posterior leg
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">B</emphasis>
|
|
L3, top
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
|
anterior leg; middle
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
|
middle leg; bottom
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
|
|
posterior leg. Scale line equals 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Description of pupa.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
|
|
See
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Pupa of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). A dorsal aspect B left lateral aspect C ventral aspect. Scale line equals 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18272" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
|
. Typical of known carabid pupae, not many of which have been illustrated and described. Note the exceedingly setiferous ocular area of head and cerci.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18272" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="25" start="start">Figure</pageBreakToken>
|
|
13.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Pupa of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Leptotrachelus dorsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fabricius).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal aspect
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
|
|
left lateral aspect
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
|
|
ventral aspect. Scale line equals 1.0 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/18273" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
|
Larval head capsule (L3), parietale (PA), frontale (FR), dorsal aspect of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Askalaphium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Askalaphium depressum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Bates). This illustration was inadvertently left out of
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B4" refString="Erwin, TL, Medina, RF, 2003. The Neotropical species Askalaphium depressum (Bates): Larval description, first diagnosis and illustrations of immature Ctenodactylini, with natural history notes on the genus and tribe (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 273: 1 - 15" title="The Neotropical species Askalaphium depressum (Bates): Larval description, first diagnosis and illustrations of immature Ctenodactylini, with natural history notes on the genus and tribe (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." volume="273" year="2003">Erwin and Medina (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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; see references therein. Scale line equals 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" type="characteristics of ctenodactylini larvae">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
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Characteristics of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" rank="tribe" tribe="Ctenodactylini">Ctenodactylini</taxonomicName>
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larvae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
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<bibRefCitation author="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B4" refString="Erwin, TL, Medina, RF, 2003. The Neotropical species Askalaphium depressum (Bates): Larval description, first diagnosis and illustrations of immature Ctenodactylini, with natural history notes on the genus and tribe (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 273: 1 - 15" title="The Neotropical species Askalaphium depressum (Bates): Larval description, first diagnosis and illustrations of immature Ctenodactylini, with natural history notes on the genus and tribe (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." volume="273" year="2003">Erwin and Medina (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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showed that
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<bibRefCitation author="van Emden, FI" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 99" refId="B8" refString="van Emden, FI, 1942. A key to the genera of larval Carabidae (Col.). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 92: 1 - 99" title="A key to the genera of larval Carabidae (Col.)." volume="92" year="1942">van Emden (1948)</bibRefCitation>
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mixed attributes of two unrelated tribes,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Laporte de Castelnau" authorityYear="1834" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" rank="tribe" tribe="Odacanthini">Odacanthini</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" rank="tribe" tribe="Colliurini">Colliurini</taxonomicName>
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) and his concept of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" rank="tribe" tribe="Ctenodactylini">Ctenodactylini</taxonomicName>
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|
. They found that L3 members of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Leptotrachelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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contain the following larval attributes found in larvae of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Askalaphium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Askalaphium depressum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: epicranial suture short; cervical groove and keel present; maxilla with inner lobe present; neck not severely constricted; urogomphi nodal, yet not segmented. They located the collection of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Leptotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Leptotrachelus dorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae that van Emden studied (collected at Oxford, Indiana) in the NMNH, however, they are not in very good condition. They also confirmed his observations and added that second and third instars lack a pencillus and the terebral blade is micro serrate, but refrained from making a more detailed comparison until better specimens were discovered. These observations are now testable with the wealth of material found by the junior author in Houma, Louisiana. Our understanding of the structural attributes of the larval stages for the carabid tribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" rank="tribe" tribe="Ctenodactylini">Ctenodactylini</taxonomicName>
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is now progressing.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
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<bibRefCitation author="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B4" refString="Erwin, TL, Medina, RF, 2003. The Neotropical species Askalaphium depressum (Bates): Larval description, first diagnosis and illustrations of immature Ctenodactylini, with natural history notes on the genus and tribe (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 273: 1 - 15" title="The Neotropical species Askalaphium depressum (Bates): Larval description, first diagnosis and illustrations of immature Ctenodactylini, with natural history notes on the genus and tribe (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." volume="273" year="2003">Erwin and Medina (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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also studied some poorly preserved specimens of
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<taxonomicName genus="Odacanta" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="melanura">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Odacanta melanura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. in the NMNH collection. These specimens differ from ctenodactyline larvae in that the mandible has a single seta pensillus and the maxilla lacks an inner lobe, other features are not discernible. Undescribed larvae of some genera of ctenodactylines were also found in the rotten stems and leaf axils of species of the plant genera
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Heliconia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
L. and
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Marantaceae" genus="Calathea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Scitamineae" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Calathea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
G. Mey in low wet places in Amazonian Ecuador and
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|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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|
. Adults of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1825" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Ctenodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Ctenodactyla</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
Dejean occur on species of these plants at night. Further
|
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="26" start="start">discovery</pageBreakToken>
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|
is necessary and subsequent documentation is required to define more accurately the
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" rank="tribe" tribe="Ctenodactylini">Ctenodactylini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and to explore the patterns that must link these beetles evolutionarily and ecologically to the plants on which they live and the food which they eat.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |