266 lines
28 KiB
XML
266 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8eb9e776-76c2-4f09-8964-77205d602229" ID-PMC="PMC3677357" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-286-1" ID-PubMed="23794844" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-286-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 286" ModsDocTitle="Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)" checkinTime="1451247449682" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sendall, Kelly & Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I." docDate="2013" docId="BEC2E5A72289BE450D5B4BEF06448045" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 286: 1-74" docOrigin="ZooKeys 286" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438" docTitle="Sternaspis affinis Stimpson 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="E62FFF94FFE6FFFEEA0AE45616142716" masterDocTitle="Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1668155612909" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sendall, Kelly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>286</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>74</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-286-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042385" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BEC2E5A72289BE450D5B4BEF06448045" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BEC2E5A72289BE450D5B4BEF06448045" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Sternaspis_affinis" authority="Stimpson, 1864, emended" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis Stimpson, 1864, emended</taxonomicName>
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Figures 1B25
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
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Stimpson, 1864: 159;
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<bibRefCitation author="von Marenzeller, E" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserliche Naturhistorische Hofmusem, Wien" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 18" title="Annulaten des Beringmeeres." volume="5" year="1890">von Marenzeller 1890</bibRefCitation>
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: 5-8, Pl. 1, fig. 7.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Treadwell, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Zoology" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="175 - 234" title="Polychaetous annelids of the Pacific coast in the collection of the Zoological Museum of the University of California." volume="13" year="1914">Treadwell 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 215;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chamberlin 1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 405-406;
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<bibRefCitation author="Moore, JP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="179 - 259" title="The polychaetous annelids dredged by the USS " Albatross " off the coast of southern California in 1904: 4. Spionidae to Sabellariidae." volume="75" year="1923">Moore 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 21;
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<bibRefCitation author="Berkeley, E" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="67 - 77" title="Polychaetous annelids from the Nanaimo District, Part 5. Ammocharidae to Myzostomidae." volume="6" year="1930">Berkeley 1930</bibRefCitation>
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: 69;
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<bibRefCitation author="Berkeley, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="16 - 60" title="On a collection of Polychaeta from southern California." volume="40" year="1941">Berkeley and Berkeley 1941</bibRefCitation>
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: 19 (list), 51;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1952</bibRefCitation>
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: 59-60, fig. 123;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 93" title="Submarine Canyons of Southern California, 3. Systematics: Polychaetes." volume="27" year="1963">Hartman 1963</bibRefCitation>
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: 59,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 351-352, fig. 1; Fauchald 1972: 238-239 (partim);
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<bibRefCitation author="Bilyard, GR" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="329 - 339" title="Distribution of western Beaufort Sea polychaetous annelids." url="/10.1007/BF00395439" volume="54" year="1979">Bilyard and Carey 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 2, Tab. 2,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bilyard, GR" journalOrPublisher="Sarsia" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="19 - 26" title="Zoogeography of western Beaufort Sea Polychaeta (Annelida)." volume="65" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
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: 22;
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<bibRefCitation author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Foundation Monographs" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 73" title="Deep-water polychaetes from a transect off central Oregon." volume="11" year="1981">Fauchald and Hancock 1981</bibRefCitation>
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: 35 (non
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<bibRefCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stimpson 1853</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
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?:
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<bibRefCitation author="Moore, JP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy ofNatural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="321 - 364" title="Some polychaetous annelids of the northern Pacific coast of North America." volume="60" year="1908">Moore 1908</bibRefCitation>
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: 358.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis scutata" order="Terebellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="scutata">Sternaspis scutata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Oregon State College Monographs, Studies in Zoology" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 64" title="The marine annelids of Oregon." volume="6" year="1950">Hartman and Reish 1950</bibRefCitation>
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: 38;
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<bibRefCitation author="Pettibone, MH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="203 - 356" title="Marine polychaete worms from Point Barrow, Alaska, with additional records from the Atlantic and North Pacific." url="10.5479/si.00963801.103-3324.203" volume="103" year="1954">Pettibone 1954</bibRefCitation>
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: 309-310, fig. 35 a, b (partim);
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<bibRefCitation author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 190" title="The Polychaete Worms." volume="28" year="1977">Fauchald 1077</bibRefCitation>
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: 113, fig. 33C, D;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hobson and Banse 1981</bibRefCitation>
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: 18, 19, 63, Tab. 3, fig. F (non
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<bibRefCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ranzani 1817</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Canada, British Columbia, Strait of Georgia. Neotype (RBCM 005-138-001), and 15 paraneotypes (RBCM 005-138-002),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="49.17972">49°10'47"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-123.30056">123°18'02"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 80 m, 13-III-2003.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Additional material. Canada, British Columbia. 2 spec. (LACM n2939), Departure Bay, mud and rocks, 18-VII-1940, G.E. & N. MacGinitie, coll. 1 spec. (NHMW 1565), Vancouver Island, 1875. 34 spec. (RBCM 987-254-023), Vancouver Island, southwest of Cape Beale,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="48.59833">48°35'54"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-125.14">125°08'24"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 104 m, 23-VII-1987. 17 spec. (RBCM 002-148-001), Vancouver Island, Trevor Channel, Helby Island,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="48.833332">48°50'00"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-125.166664">125°10'00"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 19-VI-2002. 1 spec. (RBCM 996-148-004), Vancouver Island, Nanoose Bay,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="49.258335">49°15'30"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-124.14166">124°08'30"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 28 m, 4-VI-1996. 3 spec. (RBCM 991-924-006), Vancouver Island, Saanich Inlet,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="48.71">48°42'36"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-123.51667">123°31'00"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 60-70 m, 16-II-1987. 24 spec. (RBCM 988-9-032), Dixon Entrance, west of Dundas Island,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="54.494446">54°29'40"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-131.18361">131°11'01"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 143 m, 23-I-1988. Four spec. (RBCM 990-320-043),
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">Vancouver</pageBreakToken>
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Island, southwest of Nootka Sound,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="49.420555">49°25'14"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-127.36527">127°21'55"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1000-1166 m, 3-II-1990. U.S.A., Alaska. 2 spec. (CAS 151054), Boca de Quadra Inlet, III-1981. 12 spec. (CAS 17805), Gulf of Alaska, Cook Inlet,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="59.581665">59°34'54"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-151.50667">151°30'24"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 99 m, 22-X-1976. 4 spec. (CAS 18987), Chukchi Sea,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="67.25">67°15'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-165.41667">165°25'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 33 m, 11-IX-1907. 2 spec. (USNM 63142), Gulf of Alaska,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="59.858334">59°51'30"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-142.11389">142°06'50"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 53-100 m, 11-VII-1976. Washington. 4 spec. (RBCM 985-474-001), west of Cape Flattery,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="48.423336">48°25'24"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-125.23333">125°14'00"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 168 m, 18-VI-1985. Oregon. 8 spec. (USNM 74917), mouth of Columbia River, 91 m, 15-IX-1961. California. 20 spec. (ANSP 3315), Monterey Bay, 66 m, 13-V-1904. Mexico, Gulf of California. 2 spec. (SIO A838), Isla Angel de Ia Guarda, 562-642 m, 18-I-1968. 16 spec. (SIO A839), Isla Angel de Ia Guarda, 1474 m, 18-I-1968.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Neotype (RBCM 005-138-001), with body cream to light tan, sometimes greyish (Fig. 5A, B). First six segments smooth with a few minute cuticular papillae widely and evenly spaced. Remaining segments more papillate and opaque in appearance. Segments seven and eight slightly more opaque and dense than preceding ones, with stout cuticular papillae especially near genital papillae, some cuticular papillae with small grains of sediment adhered to bases. Body 15.5 mm long, 5.0 mm wide (other specimens up to 22 mm long, 7 mm wide), about 29 segments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Prostomium hemispherical, opalescent, translucent, sometimes with crescent shaped red eyespots laterally on smaller individuals (Fig. 5C, insert). Peristomium round, without papillae. Mouth oval, covered by papillae, extending from base of prostomium to anterior edge of second segment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">First three chaetigers with 8-14 light bronze, widely separated, slightly falcate introvert hooks per bundle, each with subdistal dark areas (Fig. 5C). Genital papillae protrude ventrolaterally from intersegmental groove between segments 7 and 8.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pre-shield region with 7 segments, with papillae evenly spaced, slightly denser than on anterior segments, although less so ventrally, and in single rows of clusters of short filaments closer to ventro-caudal shield, especially on dorsal surface, rarely showing delicate short capillary chaetae protruding laterally from body wall.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ventro-caudal shield with concentric lines, slightly ribbed; suture extended throughout shield (restricted to the anterior region in larger specimens). Anterior margins rounded; anterior depression deep; anterior keels not exposed (Figs 1B, 2, 5B, D). Lateral margins gently rounded (straighter in larger specimens), not expanding posteriorly. Fan truncate, almost straight in juveniles, sometimes with median notch, becoming crenulated in larger specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Marginal chaetal fascicles include 10 lateral ones (Fig. 5E), chaetae ovally arranged, and five posterior fascicles, chaetae in a linear arrangement. Peg chaetae on conical extensions emerging under most prominent oblique rib of the shield. Peg chaetae with stout base in cross section; a small fascicle of delicate capillary chaetae (peg-associated capillary chaetae) between peg chaetae and first fascicle of posterior chaetae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Branchiae numerous, thick, coiled, slender, long, protruding from two oval plates, separated by a wide angle, on either side of anus. Additional fine, long filamentous papillae extending to lateral and posterior margins of shield.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="neotype locality">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Neotype</pageBreakToken>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">British Columbia, Canada, Strait of Georgia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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It appears that
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
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has not been reported since 1875. However, many collections hold specimens collected over the last hundred years of what appears to be the only species present along the northeast Pacific coast of North America, from the Beaufort Sea to California, and into the Gulf of California. These have been labelled either as
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis scutata" order="Terebellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="scutata">Sternaspis scutata</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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The original description by Stimpson is brief and only includes a scant comparison of the cuticle with the Atlantic species,
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
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. As
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Stimpson’s">Stimpson's</normalizedToken>
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description agrees with the characters of the specimens found along the northeast Pacific coast, we propose the emendation above with the designation of a neotype.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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The taxonomic status of
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
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Stimpson, 1864 needs clarification because it has been regarded as a junior synonym of a Northwestern Atlantic species,
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
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Stimpson, 1853, or of the Mediterranean species,
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis scutata" order="Terebellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="scutata">Sternaspis scutata</taxonomicName>
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(Ranzani, 1817). The proposal of a neotype together with the above description and illustrations will clarify the
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">current</pageBreakToken>
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situation (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, Art. 75.3.1-75.3.3). The original material was deposited in the Smithsonian and later transferred to Chicago when William Stimpson was appointed director of the local Academy of Sciences in 1866, but they were destroyed in 1871 during the great Chicago fire (http://www.si.edu/oahp/ScientificIllustrators/WStimpson.html;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, Art. 75.3.4). Despite the fact that the original description was brief,
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be the only species living in the type locality region, and we are confident that the neotype corresponds to the species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 75.3.5). The proposed neotype was collected in the type locality (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 75.3.6), and it has been deposited in the Royal British Columbia Museum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 75.3.7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis islandica" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="islandica">Sternaspis islandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
as they all have shields with rounded anterior margins, lateral margins slightly rounded, and posterior margins reaching or slightly expanded beyond the posterolateral corners. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis islandica" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="islandica">Sternaspis islandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having a very shallow anterior depression, whereas the two other species have deep anterior depressions. The remaining three species differ because in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
|
||
the radiating ribs and posterior corners are often distinct, whereas they are barely developed, or not at all in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
|
||
but their main difference lies in the relative development of concentric lines which are distinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and not visible or barely visible in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Alaska, USA (in the Gulf of Alaska) south along the coast and inland waters to Monterey, California, USA, and into the Gulf of California. This species, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been regarded as one of the most abundant ones along the coast in the East Sound of the San Juan Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weese, AO" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Sciences" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="26 - 28" title="Seral communities of a muddy sea bottom." volume="10" year="1930">Weese and Macnab 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and along the Washington coast in 95-154 m with sediment having 50-68% mud (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lie, U" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, Akademiya Nauk SSSR" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" title="Species composition and structure of benthic infauna communities off the coast of Washington. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27: 2273 - 2285." url="10.1139/f70-255" year="1970">Lie and Kisker 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moore, JP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="179 - 259" title="The polychaetous annelids dredged by the USS " Albatross " off the coast of southern California in 1904: 4. Spionidae to Sabellariidae." volume="75" year="1923">Moore (1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 218) reported two species from Southern California, based upon the number of chaetal fascicles along the shield margins; one with 16 total bundles found in 441-492 m, and the other, smaller in size, with 15 total bundles and collected in sediments at 92-1190 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stimpson, 1864, neotype (RBCM 005-138-001) A Dorsal view B Ventral view C Anterior end, frontal view (insert: juvenile, prostomium with eyes) D Ventro-caudal shield, frontal view E Posterior region, lateral view. Bars: A 1 mm B 1.1 mm C 0.8 mm D 0.6 mm E 0.7 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |