treatments-xml/data/BE/14/66/BE146630FFFEFFD7FF1E8136FA50FB51.xml

<document id="599CBD5115F580D3375766BE3697727B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.176987" ID-GBIF-Dataset="79ea0d54-e2e5-4d8d-9b66-945f35b523ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="176987" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459845652278" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Last, Peter R. &amp; Gledhill, Daniel C." docDate="2007" docId="BE146630FFFEFFD7FF1E8136FA50FB51" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01494p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1494" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Zearaja maugeana Last &amp; Gledhill, 2007, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="422D1E48FFF9FFC5FF89877BFFD5F93B" masterDocTitle="The Maugean Skate, Zearaja maugeana sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae) — a micro-endemic, Gondwanan relict from Tasmanian estuaries" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698224789121" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8DB7CA34A0B350C14E4F4CF793E974EA">The Maugean Skate, Zearaja maugeana sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae) — a micro-endemic, Gondwanan relict from Tasmanian estuaries</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB1AB698186D4DE070E2FFD16242DF3A">Last, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="055FBA43AEAE0E9B9B3BCA444E7D3680">Gledhill, Daniel C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="A14C73E4E8CC5C0AD988D9154EBE7C0E">2007</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="7EA784ADFFFEFFC2FF1E8136FEA4FFB1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="6D4A604AFFFEFFC2FF1E8136FE35FF5C" bold="true" box="[151,480,1613,1639]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FF1E8136FE35FF5C" bold="true" box="[151,480,1613,1639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FF1E8136FEAEFF5C" ID-CoL="5CYBC" box="[151,379,1613,1639]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FF1E8136FEAEFF5C" bold="true" box="[151,379,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1FFAB64FFFFEFFC2FE0A8136FE35FF5C" box="[387,480,1613,1639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFEFFC2FF1E810BFEA4FFB1" blockId="7.[151,480,1613,1674]" box="[151,369,1648,1674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
<figureCitation id="AE86CBA3FFFEFFC2FF1E810BFF34FFB1" box="[151,225,1648,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[282,1297,477,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[277,1297,473,1185]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Zearaja maugeana sp. nov., holotype, CSIRO H 3975 – 01, 659 mm TL, mature male: a—dorsal surface; bventral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176990/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Figs 4</figureCitation>
–12; 
<tableCitation id="7B3FE29DFFFEFFC2FE93810BFEA4FFB1" box="[282,369,1648,1674]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="17.[156,235,162,183]" captionText="TABLE 3 (continued)." pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Table 3</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFFEFFC2FF1E81C9FD22FFF2" blockId="7.[151,759,1714,1737]" box="[151,759,1714,1737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="16ADF008FFFEFFC2FF1E81C9FD22FFF2" box="[151,759,1714,1737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFFEFFC2FF1E81C9FF1CFFF2" ID-CoL="76V6" box="[151,201,1714,1737]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FF1E81C9FF1CFFF2" box="[151,201,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Raja</emphasis>
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sp. L 
<treatmentCitation id="B71CF137FFFEFFC2FE8281C9FDEEFFF2" author="Last" box="[267,571,1714,1737]" page="339" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFFEFFC2FE8281C9FDD3FFF2" author="Last" box="[267,518,1714,1737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Last, P. R. &amp; Stevens, J. D. (1994) Sharks and Rays of Australia. CSIRO, Melbourne, 513 pp." type="book" year="1994">Last and Stevens, 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 339
</treatmentCitation>
, fig 34.27, pl. 55.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFEFFC2FF1E818BFE77FE61" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
<table id="44BD2586FFFE003AFF1E818BFA49FE61" box="[151,1436,1776,1882]" gridcols="14" gridrows="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
<tr id="888DD564FFFE003AFF1E818BFA49FE32" box="[151,1436,1776,1801]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFF1E818BFE66FE32" box="[151,435,1776,1801]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FF1E818BFED6FE32" box="[151,259,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Holotype</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="888DD564FFFE003AFF1E806EFA49FE09" box="[151,1436,1813,1842]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFF1E806EFE66FE09" box="[151,435,1813,1842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">CSIRO H 3975–01,</th>
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFE37806EFE3FFE09" box="[446,490,1813,1842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">659</td>
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFE7D806EFDF7FE09" box="[500,546,1813,1842]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">mm</td>
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFDA2806EFD82FE09" box="[555,599,1813,1842]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">TL,</td>
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFDE8806EFD67FE09" box="[609,690,1813,1842]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">mature</td>
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFD35806EFD29FE09" box="[700,764,1813,1842]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">male,</td>
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFC8F806EFC56FE09" box="[774,899,1813,1842]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Macquarie</td>
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFC07806EFC20FE09" box="[910,1013,1813,1842]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Harbour,</td>
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFC76806EFBA7FE09" box="[1023,1138,1813,1842]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Australia,</td>
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFBF5806EFB1CFE09" box="[1148,1225,1813,1842]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">42°21′</td>
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFB5D806EFB39FE09" box="[1236,1260,1813,1842]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">S,</td>
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFB7C806EFA84FE09" box="[1269,1361,1813,1842]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">145°32′</td>
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFAD2806EFAA0FE09" box="[1371,1397,1813,1842]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">E,</td>
<td id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFAF6806EFA49FE09" box="[1407,1436,1813,1842]" gridcol="13" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">25</td>
</tr>
<tr id="888DD564FFFE003AFF1E803BFA49FE61" box="[151,1436,1856,1882]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="CB5CBC18FFFE003AFF1E803BFE66FE61" box="[151,435,1856,1882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">June 1995, D. Haslam.</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFEFFC2FF1E80F0FEDBFE9F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1931,2036]" box="[151,270,1931,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFFEFFC2FF1E80F0FEDBFE9F" box="[151,270,1931,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFFEFFC2FF1E80F0FEDBFE9F" box="[151,270,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFFEFFCDFF4F80C9FC25F899" blockId="7.[151,1436,1931,2036]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,149,418]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
CSIRO H 1987–01, 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFFEFFC2FE3F80C9FDCDFEF7" box="[438,536,1970,1996]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.06" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="706.0">706 mm</quantity>
TL, mature male, Bathurst Harbour, 
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFFEFFC2FC4780C9FBE9FEF7" box="[974,1084,1970,1996]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFFEFFC2FBC180C9FB7AFEF7" box="[1096,1199,1968,1996]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-43.35">43°21′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 146° 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFFEFFC2FB7D80C9FAE1FEF7" box="[1268,1332,1968,1996]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="0.13333334">0 8′ E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="4203F1E6FFFEFFC2FAC880C9FECEFECF" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" value="1989-02-12">12 February 1989</date>
, G. Edgar; AMS I 40748–001, 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFFEFFC2FD1880A1FD21FECF" box="[657,756,2010,2036]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.82" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="682.0">682 mm</quantity>
TL, mature male, Bathurst Harbour, 
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFFEFFC2FB3B80A1FAF5FECF" box="[1202,1312,2010,2036]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFFEFFC2FAA780A1FA43FECF" box="[1326,1430,2008,2036]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-43.35">43°21′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 146° 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFF1FFCDFF4787E3FEC4F989" box="[206,273,149,178]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="0.13333334">0 8′ E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="4203F1E6FFF1FFCDFEA987E3FE11F989" box="[288,452,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" value="1989-05-27">27 May 1989</date>
, G. Edgar; CSIRO H 5544–01, 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF1FFCDFCCF87E3FC7FF989" box="[838,938,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="725.0">725 mm</quantity>
TL, female, Bathurst Harbour, 
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFF1FFCDFAA087E3FA42F989" box="[1321,1431,152,178]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFF1FFCDFF1E87BBFF28F9E1" box="[151,253,189,218]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="-43.366665">43°22′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 146° 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFF1FFCDFECB87BBFE57F9E1" box="[322,386,189,218]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="0.15">0 9′ E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="4203F1E6FFF1FFCDFE0787BBFD91F9E1" box="[398,580,192,218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" value="1992-03-29">29 March 1992</date>
, J. Stevens &amp; P. Mooney; CSIRO H 3747–01, 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF1FFCDFBEC87BBFB12F9E1" box="[1125,1223,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.779999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="578.0">578 mm</quantity>
TL, female, 
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFF1FFCDFAD787BBFF35F839" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
Harbour, 
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFF1FFCDFED58793FE1FF839" box="[348,458,232,258]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFF1FFCDFE518793FD94F839" box="[472,577,229,258]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="-42.383335">42°23′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFF1FFCDFDD88793FD1EF839" box="[593,715,229,258]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="145.45">145°27′ E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="4203F1E6FFF1FFCDFD538793FCACF839" box="[730,889,232,258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" value="1994-07-30">30 July 1994</date>
, M. Lewis; CSIRO H 3976–01, 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF1FFCDFA8A8793FAB2F839" box="[1283,1383,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.71" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="571.0">571 mm</quantity>
TL, female, CSIRO H 3976–02, 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF1FFCDFE6D866BFD90F811" box="[484,581,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="770.0">770 mm</quantity>
TL, female, 
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFF1FFCDFD54866BFC8FF811" box="[733,858,272,298]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
Harbour, 
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFF1FFCDFC59866BFBEBF811" box="[976,1086,272,298]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFF1FFCDFBC3866BFB64F811" box="[1098,1201,269,298]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="-42.4">42°24′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFF1FFCDFB37866BFAE0F811" box="[1214,1333,269,298]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="145.5">145°30′ E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="4203F1E6FFF1FFCDFACB866BFF01F869" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" value="1995-06-17">17 June 1995</date>
, M. Lewis &amp; D. Haslam; CSIRO H 4486–01, 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF1FFCDFD678643FC9AF869" box="[750,847,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="685.0">685 mm</quantity>
TL, adolescent male, 
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFF1FFCDFBD88643FB1BF869" box="[1105,1230,312,338]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
Harbour, 
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFF1FFCDFACD8643FF62F841" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFF1FFCDFF4A861BFEFCF841" box="[195,297,349,378]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="-42.2">42°12′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFF1FFCDFEBF861BFE78F841" box="[310,429,349,378]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="145.3">145°18′ E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="4203F1E6FFF1FFCDFE30861BFD45F841" box="[441,656,352,378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" value="1995-09-03">3 September 1995</date>
, B. Zampatti; CSIRO H 4487–01, 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF1FFCDFBAF861BFB52F841" box="[1062,1159,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.44" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="744.0">744 mm</quantity>
TL, female, 
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFF1FFCDFA97861BFA4EF841" box="[1310,1435,352,378]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
Harbour, 
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFF1FFCDFE8F86F3FEA0F899" box="[262,373,392,418]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFF1FFCDFE0986F3FE32F899" box="[384,487,389,418]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="-42.266666">42°16′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5389B1E1FFF1FFCDFE7D86F3FDBEF899" box="[500,619,389,418]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="145.25">145°15′ E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="4203F1E6FFF1FFCDFDF186F3FC85F899" box="[632,848,392,418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" value="1995-09-03">3 September 1995</date>
, B. Zampatti.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFF1FFCDFF1E800CFEE9FE8A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1911,1969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF1FFCDFF1E800CFECDFEB4" bold="true" box="[151,280,1911,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFF1FFCDFE96800CFE3DFEB5" box="[287,488,1911,1934]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF1FFCDFE96800CFE3DFEB5" box="[287,488,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1FFAB64FFFF1FFCDFE67800CFD96FEB5" box="[494,579,1911,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, CSIRO H 3975–01, 659 mm TL, mature male: a—dorsal surface; bventral surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="62C287AEFFF0FFCCFF1E84F1FAFBFA99" box="[151,1326,906,930]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176991/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[279,1300,187,883]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF0FFCCFF1E84F1FAFBFA99" blockId="9.[151,1326,906,930]" box="[151,1326,906,930]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF0FFCCFF1E84F1FECFFA99" bold="true" box="[151,282,906,930]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Dorsal surface of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFF0FFCCFE5784F0FD7DFA99" box="[478,680,907,930]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF0FFCCFE5784F0FD7DFA99" box="[478,680,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1FFAB64FFFF0FFCCFD2684F0FCD1FA99" box="[687,772,907,930]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype, CSIRO H 3976–02, 770 mm TL, female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFF0FFCCFF1E819DFDC4FE25" blockId="9.[151,1436,1766,1822]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF0FFCCFF1E819DFECCFFC5" bold="true" box="[151,281,1766,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Ventral view of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFF0FFCCFE43819CFD41FFC5" box="[458,660,1767,1790]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF0FFCCFE43819CFD41FFC5" box="[458,660,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1FFAB64FFFF0FFCCFD13819CFD3AFFC5" box="[666,751,1767,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, CSIRO H 3975–01, 659 mm TL, mature male, showing oronasal region and tooth band.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="7EA784ADFFF0FFCFFF1E8019FA9BF839" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF0FFCCFF1E8019FEDBFE40" blockId="9.[151,1436,1890,2036]" box="[151,270,1890,1915]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF0FFCCFF1E8019FEDBFE40" box="[151,270,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF0FFCFFF4F80F1FA9BF839" blockId="9.[151,1436,1890,2036]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,2014]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
A relatively small species of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFF0FFCCFDA580F1FD5CFE98" box="[556,649,1930,1955]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF0FFCCFDA580F1FD5CFE98" box="[556,649,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Zearaja</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the following combination of characters: granular denticles absent or poorly developed on dorsal surface of pectoral disc, disc width 67–71% TL, 1.09–1.12 times its length; pre upper jaw length 20.6–24.7% TL; ventral head length 36.1–38.8% TL; adult clasper relatively short, 23.9–26.8% TL; tail evenly tapering, not robust, height at midlength 1.3–1.4% TL; snout length 3.75– 4.38 times interorbital width; pre upper jaw length 2.20–2.58 times internasal width; orbit diameter 0.58–0.69 of interorbital width; total pectoral radials 78–85; predorsal vertebrae 85–93; teeth in upper jaw 38–43.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7EA784ADFFF3FFCAFF4F8674FB61FCF1" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF3FFCFFF4F8674FF35FD19" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2014]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF3FFCFFF4F8674FE4DF812" bold="true" box="[198,408,271,297]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">DESCRIPTION.</emphasis>
— Disc quadrangular (
<figureCitation id="AE86CBA3FFF3FFCFFD2C866BFCC2F811" box="[677,791,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[282,1297,477,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[277,1297,473,1185]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Zearaja maugeana sp. nov., holotype, CSIRO H 3975 – 01, 659 mm TL, mature male: a—dorsal surface; bventral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176990/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Figures 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="AE86CBA3FFF3FFCFFCAD866BFCE1F811" box="[804,820,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,906,930]" captionTargetBox="[279,1300,187,883]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[265,1322,177,902]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal surface of Zearaja maugeana sp. nov., paratype, CSIRO H 3976 – 02, 770 mm TL, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176991/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">5</figureCitation>
), 1.12 times as broad as long in 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF3FFCFFB3A866BFACCF811" box="[1203,1305,272,298]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(1.09-1.12 times in 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF3FFCFFF778643FEA1F869" box="[254,372,312,338]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
); maximum angle in front of spiracles 71° (68-72°); axis of greatest width 62% (60-69%) of disc length; anterior margin weakly double concave (slightly less pronounced in females), strongly concave anteriorly, straight to weakly convex beside eyes, slightly concave behind level of spiracles in 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF3FFCFFB6786F3FA8DF899" box="[1262,1368,392,418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; apex narrowly rounded; free rear tip broadly rounded. Head elongate, preorbital snout length 5.80 (5.71-6.69) times orbit length, 3.75 (3.87-4.38) times interorbit; preoral snout length 2.20 (2.30-2.58) times internarial distance. Snout tip produced, narrowly pointed; no fleshy process at apex. Orbit well developed, diameter 0.65 (0.58- 0.69) times interorbital distance; eye lateral; deep subocular furrow extending from origin of orbit to spiracle (not evident in some 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF3FFCFFE12852BFDC4FB51" box="[411,529,592,618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
). Spiracle large, length 1.70 (1.61-2.01) in orbit diameter; opening broadly suboval. Nostril subcircular (
<figureCitation id="AE86CBA3FFF3FFCFFE638503FD85FBA9" box="[490,592,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,972,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,972,1743]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ventral view of Zearaja maugeana sp. nov., holotype, CSIRO H 3975 – 01, 659 mm TL, mature male, showing oronasal region and tooth band." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176992/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Figure 6</figureCitation>
), often distorted or oval in some 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF3FFCFFC5B8503FB93FBA9" box="[978,1094,632,658]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
; anterior nasal flap expanded slightly; lateral margin of nostril with a well-defined lobe forming a semi-circular tube, anterior margin also lobe-like, concealed beneath nasal curtain; inner margin bordered by nasal curtain; posterior lobes forming nasal curtain, well developed, produced, narrowly rounded to angular distally, with well developed fringe along posterior margin; internarial distance 1.73 (1.65-1.76) in distance between first gill slits, 0.97 (0.96- 1.14) in distance between fifth gill slits. Upper jaw arched slightly on either side of symphysis in 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF3FFCFFA8B843BFAB9FA61" box="[1282,1388,832,858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, not indented in females; lower jaw more uniformly convex in both sexes; lateral teeth concealed by lobe of nasal curtain. Teeth unicuspid with subcircular bases; arranged in distinct longitudinal rows rather than quincunx; in mature males, with long, upright medial cusps at symphysis, cusps becoming shorter, more oblique laterally (variable, but more robust and generally more upright in female 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF3FFCFFC23849BFBCAFAC1" box="[938,1055,992,1018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
); teeth at angle with very short cusps.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF3FFCFFF4F834BFABDFE79" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2014]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
Pelvic fins strongly forked; anterior lobe short, slender, narrowly rounded distally, lateral margin entire, inner margin moderately incised; posterior lobe very elongate, relatively longer in males (length 20.3% TL) than in females (length 13.9–16.0% TL), lateral margins moderately convex, inner margin almost straight; anterior lobe 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF3FFCFFEBF83D3FE5CFDF9" box="[310,393,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.651" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="in" value="0.65">0.65 in</quantity>
mature male 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF3FFCFFDA483D3FD46FDF9" box="[557,659,1192,1218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF3FFCFFD2D83D3FD2CFDF9" box="[676,761,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7526" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="in" value="0.69">0.69 in</quantity>
mature male 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF3FFCFFC1783D3FBD3FDF9" box="[926,1030,1192,1218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, CSIRO H 4486–01; 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF3FFCFFA8E83D3FA49FDF9" box="[1287,1436,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9812" metricValueMax="2.1082" metricValueMin="1.8542" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="in" value="0.78" valueMax="0.83" valueMin="0.73">0.73–0.83 in</quantity>
female 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF3FFCFFF6683ABFEB4FDD1" box="[239,353,1232,1258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) times posterior lobe. Tail depressed, moderately broad at base, barely tapering to first dorsal-fin origin (female 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF3FFCFFE1E8383FE2AFC29" box="[407,511,1272,1298]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, CSIRO H 3747–01, with badly shrivelled tail); tapering strongly to tip behind first dorsal fin; width at insertions of pelvic fins 1.30 (1.32–1.53) times width at midlength of tail and 1.57 (1.34–1.72) times width at first dorsal-fin origin respectively; length from rear of cloaca 0.69 (0.60–0.72) times distance from tip of snout to rear of cloaca; anteriorly cross-section weakly convex dorsally and ventrally, becoming more strongly convex on dorsal surface than ventral surface posteriorly, almost flat ventrally toward tail apex; width 1.60 (1.26–1.69) times height at insertion of pelvic fin, 2.25 (1.89–2.27) times height at midlength, 1.99 (1.93–2.10) times height at first dorsal fin origin; lateral skin fold well developed, originating about an orbit diameter behind pelvic-fin insertion, extending almost to tail tip, not becoming appreciably broader distally. Dorsal fins large (
<figureCitation id="AE86CBA3FFF3FFCFFDBC8143FD4BFF69" box="[565,670,1592,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1162,1186]" captionTargetBox="[283,1295,890,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[283,1307,873,1162]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral view of dorsal and caudal fins of Zearaja maugeana sp. nov., holotype, CSIRO H 3975 – 01, 659 mm TL, mature male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176993/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Figure 7</figureCitation>
), of similar shape and size, first dorsal fin slightly more upright than second; first dorsal-fin height 1.47 (1.32–1.70) in base length; fins strongly raked, low, elongate, with long bases; anterior margins weakly convex, apices broadly rounded, posterior margins convex, free rear tip narrowly rounded to acute; inner margin of first dorsal longer than second; interdorsal distance short, 3.58 (3.3–8.2) in length of first dorsal-fin base. Epichordal caudal-fin lobe well developed, height about equal to half tail width at fin origin; usually taller posteriorly than anteriorly; usually truncate distally, dorsal margin straight or weakly convex; connected sub-basally to second dorsal fin; hypochordal caudal lobe vestigial.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF3FFCEFF4F802BFC91FA78" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2014]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,152,835]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
Dorsal surface with well-developed nuchal, orbital, tail, malar and alar thorns in adult males; no thorns along most of mid-disc or on scapular region; denticles concentrated on tail, around orbits, on snout tip, and along anterior margin and middle of disc; pectoral fin mostly naked in males, scattered minute denticles present in largest female (CSIRO H 3976–02). Orbital thorns forming a rosette, variable in size, often barely larger than surrounding denticles; 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF2FFCEFDAE87E3FDA4F989" box="[551,625,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.778" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" unit="in" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 in</quantity>
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF2FFCEFDF187E3FD0AF989" box="[632,735,152,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(2–3 on preorbit, 2 on midorbit and 2–3 on postorbit), 
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<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF2FFCEFF3D87C5FEFDF9E3" box="[180,296,190,216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
; low, slender, directed posteriorly, recurved. Nuchal thorns 2 (
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF2FFCEFC7487C5FB9DF9E3" box="[1021,1096,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" unit="in" value="1.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.0">0–3 in</quantity>
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF2FFCEFBC687C5FB17F9E3" box="[1103,1218,190,216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, mainly 2), widely spaced; somewhat laterally compressed, otherwise subequal in size and similar in shape to largest orbital thorns. Malar thorns 4–7 (about 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF2FFCEFD958677FDA2F81D" box="[540,631,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.921" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" unit="in" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">8–15 in</quantity>
adult male 
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), all lateral to orbit; forming a single, weakly curved series (two thorns paired on left side of 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF2FFCEFD328649FCF3F877" box="[699,806,306,332]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), in 2–4 irregular series in 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF2FFCEFBD78649FB07F877" box="[1118,1234,306,332]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
; mostly subequal in size and similar in shape to each other and largest orbital thorn; directed posterolaterally. Alar thorns 18–20 (including missing thorns), 
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<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF2FFCEFDC186FBFD6EF8A1" box="[584,699,384,410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, well developed, longer than other thorns; embedded, tips pungent, directed postero-medially in 2–3 irregular rows. Tail thorns well developed, in three regular rows in males (
<figureCitation id="AE86CBA3FFF2FFCEFF6386B6FE85F8DC" box="[234,336,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[349,1215,1229,1964]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[348,1215,1211,1974]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Denticles at tail midlength of Zearaja maugeana sp. nov., holotype, CSIRO H 3975 – 01, 659 mm TL, mature male: a—dorsal view; b— lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176994/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Figure 8</figureCitation>
), 5 regular rows in largest females. Median row best developed of these, commencing on dorsal disc just forward of cloaca and extending along length of tail in a single series; with 27 (up to 
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<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF2FFCEFF1E8561FEDCFB0F" box="[151,265,538,564]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) pungent, recurved or upright thorns with large bases, slightly larger than largest orbital thorn; 10 much smaller interstitial thorns interspersed with these larger thorns, interstitial thorns present on both sexes; interdorsal thorn 1 (
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF2FFCEFE0A8513FE1BFBB9" box="[387,462,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" unit="in" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 in</quantity>
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF2FFCEFE5F8513FD99FBB9" box="[470,588,616,642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
). Lateral rows in males short, with 8–9 (6–13) thorns (interstitial thorns absent); located closer to lateral skin fold than to thorns of median thorn row; commencing from above pelvic fins and extending along tail to between tail midlength and dorsal fins; thorns similar in size and shape to largest median thorns; in females, additional lateral row bordering lateral skin fold, upper lateral row shortest, originating and terminating more anteriorly than lower lateral row, lower lateral row terminating under dorsal fins; largest females with a few isolated mid dorsal thorns.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFF2FFCEFF1E83F1FE84FDFA" blockId="11.[151,1436,1162,1217]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF2FFCEFF1E83F1FECCFD99" bold="true" box="[151,281,1162,1186]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Lateral view of dorsal and caudal fins of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFF2FFCEFD5A83F1FC49FD9A" box="[723,924,1162,1185]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF2FFCEFD5A83F1FC49FD9A" box="[723,924,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1FFAB64FFFF2FFCEFC2A83F1FC22FD9A" box="[931,1015,1162,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, CSIRO H 3975–01, 659 mm TL, mature male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="3602D726FFF2FFCEFF1E80D7FD5EFEDF" blockId="11.[151,1436,1964,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF2FFCEFF1E80D7FECBFEFF" bold="true" box="[151,286,1964,1988]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Denticles at tail midlength of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFF2FFCEFDF080D6FC92FEFF" box="[633,839,1965,1988]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF2FFCEFDF080D6FC92FEFF" box="[633,839,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1FFAB64FFFF2FFCEFCDB80D6FC7EFEFF" box="[850,939,1965,1988]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, CSIRO H 3975–01, 659 mm TL, mature male: a—dorsal view; b— lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF5FFC9FF4F87E3FA92FA31" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
Denticles generally not well developed; patches on head confined to snout tip, preorbit, interorbit and interspiracular regions (very weakly developed in smallest 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF5FFC9FCDD87BBFC6AF9E1" box="[852,959,192,218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
); narrow band of minute, widely spaced denticles extending along dorsal midline from nuchal region to tail tip. Anterior mid-dorsal band triangular in shape anteriorly, extending from anterior nuchal thorn across scapular region, its maximum width equivalent to interspiracular width; band tapering gradually posteriorly, its width subequal to tail width at pelvic-fin insertions, sharply defined from naked lateral disc adjacent; band covering most of dorsal tail to its tip. Denticle band on margin of disc well developed, originating at about level of front of eye and extending along disc margin almost to level of anterior alar thorns in males (less well developed in females, absent in smallest specimen CSIRO H 3976–01); band broadest near posterior malar thorns; denticles much larger and denser than those of mid-disc. Denticles of mid-disc and unpaired fins very small, granular, widely spaced on mid-disc; densest near dorsal-fin outer margins, at snout tip, adjacent orbit, and along disc margin; those on snout tip and around orbit slightly enlarged; a few small denticles along margin of rostral cartilage; mid-disc preceding first nuchal thorn, suborbit, orbital membrane, pelvic fins, claspers and most of pectoral fins naked (largest females with scant covering of denticles on suborbit, and pelvic and pectoral fins). Ventral surface mostly naked; denticle patches confined to head forward of mouth and along margin of disc; posterior extension and width of marginal band similar to that of dorsal marginal band; a few isolated denticles present on tail.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF5FFC9FF4F8463FCFAFDF9" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
Rostral cartilage of neurocranium (
<figureCitation id="AE86CBA3FFF5FFC9FDFB8463FD08FA09" box="[626,733,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1952,1976]" captionTargetBox="[303,1277,565,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[303,1278,497,1940]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Dorsal view of chondrocranium of Zearaja maugeana sp. nov., paratype, CSIRO H 5544 – 01, 725 mm TL, female, based on radiograph." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176995/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Figure 9</figureCitation>
, based on radiograph) elongate, slender; rostral appendix indistinct from radiographs; nasal capsule elliptical in shape and set at about 20º angle to transverse axis of neurocranium; anterior fontanelle relatively long and broad, with distinct anterior margin preceded by gentle groove in rostral shaft; posterior fontanelle moderately long, not constricted posteriorly; jugal arch robust. Scapulocoracoid (
<figureCitation id="AE86CBA3FFF5FFC9FEE284C3FE34FAE9" box="[363,481,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[153,256,541,565]" captionTargetBox="[211,719,229,517]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[200,729,219,525]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Lateral view of scapulocoracoid of Zearaja maugeana sp. nov., paratype, H 1987 – 01, 706 mm TL, mature male. Scapulocoracoid characters are abbreviated as: af – anterior fenestra, msc – mesocondyle, mtc – metacondyle, pdf – post dorsal fenestra, prc – procondyle, pvf – postventral fenestra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176996/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Figure 10</figureCitation>
, based on mature male 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF5FFC9FD7784C3FCB6FAE9" box="[766,867,952,978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
CSIRO H 1987–01) with moderately expanded lateral face, particularly at procondyle; anterior bridge absent; mesocondyle horizontally expanded; distance between pro- and meso- much less than distance between meso- and metacondyles; anterior fenestra oval, expanded vertically; postdorsal fenestra subcircular; postventral fenestra oval, expanded horizontally, much smaller than postdorsal fenestra. Propterygium of pectoral girdle with anterior tip well short of rostral tip. Pelvic girdle with slightly arched puboischiadic bar with moderately long lateral prepelvic processes (
<figureCitation id="AE86CBA3FFF5FFC9FA9183FBFA58FDA1" box="[1304,1421,1152,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[153,256,1179,1203]" captionTargetBox="[874,1345,225,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[852,1382,204,1075]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Dorsal view of pelvic girdle of Zearaja FIGURE 12. Lateral view of right clasper of Zearaja maugeana sp. nov.: a—holotype, CSIRO H 3975 – 01, 659 maugeana sp. nov., paratype, CSIRO H 1987 – 01, 706 mm TL, mature male; b—paratype, CSIRO H 5544 – 01, mm TL, mature male. Clasper terminology abbreviated 725 mm TL, female. Characters are abbreviated as: ilp— as: cf – cleft, dk – dike, hp – hypopyle, rh – rhipidion, pr – pseudorhipidion, se – sentina, sh – shield, sp – spike," httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176997/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Figure 11</figureCitation>
); 2–3 orbturatorial foramina, iliac process well developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF5FFC8FF4F83ABFB36FB0F" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2031]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,152,564]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Clasper long, rather robust, not depressed or tapering distally, without dermal denticles or pseudosiphon; strongly oblique to main axis of cartilage, directed postero-mesially (most pronounced with clasper closed); distal part of clasper beyond glans broad, flattened, spatulate (Figure 12); glans greatly expanded along proximo-lateral margin, dorsal lobe bulbous adjacent end of hypopyle, ventral lobe even more significantly expanded immediately beyond dorsal expansion (visible when viewed dorsally). Shield relatively small, short, its length only slightly more than twice its width; capable of extended ventro-lateral rotation; lateral margin of cartilage exposed, sharp edged, blade-like, strongly convex; ventral surface covered in thick skin fold; fold attached to secondary, less regularly shaped ridge; secondary ridge situated subparallel and ventral to lateral margin of shield; strong dorsal ridge (component dike) situated on proximal portion, forming deep concavity with lateral margin (also forming right angle), concavity filled with thick pleated epithelia. Rhipidion weak, very slender, not wavy, located along inner margin of shield, well removed from lateral margin of glans, terminating as a short point near midpoint of shield. Spike slender, digitiform, obscure, fully concealed by thick skin; its apex forming triangular skin fold in disto-medial part of glans; fold extending laterally to envelope dike, forming deep, blind, posteriorly directed sac (component sentina). Sentinel absent. Hypopyle with an enlarged, truncate extension of the dorsal marginal cartilage (component pseudorhipidion); deep, open-ended cleft located on dorsal lobe distal to beside dorsal margin of pseudorhipidion. Clasper skeleton simple (Figure 13). Terminal bridge weak, knob-like; second, enlarged cleft located beside distal tip of terminal bridge. Dorsal terminal 1 cartilage enveloping proximal region of glans, not riding freely on dorsal surface; connected proximally at inner margin of dorsal terminal 2 cartilage; abutting axial cartilage and distal extension of ventral terminal cartilage on inner lateral margin of glans. Dorsal marginal cartilage expanded distally, extending distally beyond its junction with dorsal terminal 2 cartilage as a flag-shaped tongue; disto-lateral extension digitiform, overlapping ventro-lateral margin of dorsal terminal 2 cartilage; dorsal terminal 2 cartilage short, very robust, arched laterally, producing proximo-lateral bulge on glans; dorsal terminal 3 cartilage elongate, longer than ventral terminal cartilage and dorsal terminal 2 cartilage, broadest near terminal bridge. Accessory terminal 2 cartilage digitiform, curving evenly dorso-posteriorly, arising from distal end of ventral marginal cartilage on its inner medial margin, its tip proximal to ventral terminal cartilage tip. Ventral marginal cartilage expanded distally, ventro-distal part subtriangular, without accessory terminal cartilage (normal position of accessory terminal 1 cartilage). Axial cartilage tip disc shaped, united distally with dorsal terminal 3 cartilage to form spatulate clasper tip. Ventral terminal cartilage crudely s-shaped in ventral profile; proximal portion dove-tailed into ventral marginal cartilage, articulating at lateral margin of ventral marginal cartilage mesially, articulating by a long, narrow extension of secondary ridge ventrally; connected to axial cartilage distally by narrow, hooked arm, its apex extending slightly beyond distal tip of lateral margin.</paragraph>
<caption id="62C287AEFFF4FFC8FF1E80DBFE18FEE1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176995/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[303,1277,565,1938]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF4FFC8FF1E80DBFE18FEE1" blockId="13.[151,1436,1952,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF4FFC8FF1E80DBFECFFE83" bold="true" box="[151,282,1952,1976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of chondrocranium of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFF4FFC8FD1580DAFCB2FE83" box="[668,871,1953,1976]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF4FFC8FD1580DAFCB2FE83" box="[668,871,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1FFAB64FFFF4FFC8FCE780DBFC11FE8C" box="[878,964,1952,1975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype, CSIRO H 5544–01, 725 mm TL, female, based on radiograph.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="62C287AEFFF7FFCBFF108566FE52FBEF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176996/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[211,719,229,517]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF7FFCBFF108566FE52FBEF" blockId="14.[153,776,541,724]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF7FFCBFF108566FEF6FB0E" bold="true" box="[153,291,541,565]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
. Lateral view of scapulocoracoid of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFF7FFCBFD3D8566FEDDFB6F" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF7FFCBFD3D8566FEDDFB6F" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1FFAB64FFFF7FFCBFE9D8546FEBBFB6F" box="[276,366,573,596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype, H 1987–01, 706 mm TL, mature male. Scapulocoracoid characters are abbreviated as: af – anterior fenestra, msc – mesocondyle, mtc – metacondyle, pdf – post dorsal fenestra, prc – procondyle, pvf – postventral fenestra.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="62C287AEFFF7FFCBFF1083E0FA4FFC14" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176997/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[874,1345,225,1056]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF7FFCBFF1083E0FA4FFC14" blockId="14.[153,1434,1176,1375]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF7FFCBFF1083E0FEF2FD88" bold="true" box="[153,295,1179,1203]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 11</emphasis>
. Dorsal view of pelvic girdle of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFF7FFCBFD3D83E0FCDDFD89" box="[692,776,1179,1202]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF7FFCBFD3D83E0FCDDFD89" box="[692,776,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Zearaja</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF7FFCBFCB683E3FC18FD8B" bold="true" box="[831,973,1176,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 12</emphasis>
. Lateral view of right clasper of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFF7FFCBFACF83E2FEDDFDEE" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF7FFCBFACF83E2FEDDFDEE" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1FFAB64FFFF7FFCBFE9983C5FEB2FDEE" box="[272,359,1214,1237]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: a—holotype, CSIRO H 3975–01, 659 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFF7FFCBFCB483C2FC79FDEB" box="[829,940,1209,1232]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF7FFCBFCB483C2FC79FDEB" box="[829,940,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1FFAB64FFFF7FFCBFC3E83C3FBC5FDF4" box="[951,1040,1208,1231]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype, CSIRO H 1987–01, 706 mm TL, mature male; b—paratype, CSIRO H 5544–01, mm TL, mature male. Clasper terminology abbreviated 725 mm TL, female. Characters are abbreviated as: ilp— as: cf – cleft, dk – dike, hp – hypopyle, rh – rhipidion, pr – pseudorhipidion, se – sentina, sh – shield, sp – spike,
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF7FFCBFF10825DFBCDFC74" blockId="14.[153,1434,1176,1375]" box="[153,1048,1318,1359]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">iliac process; obt—obturator foramina, prep—pre-pelvic tb – terminal bridge.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF7FFCBFF108233FF25FC64" blockId="14.[153,1434,1176,1375]" box="[153,240,1352,1375]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">process.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF7FFCBFF4F82F5FCA7FF1B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1422,1568]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Teeth in upper jaw 43 (38–42); lower jaw 41 (39–42). Pectoral-fin propterygial radials 31 (27–31); mesopterygial radials 15 (14–17), anterior portion 12 (9–13), posterior portion 3 (3–6); metapterygial radials 37 (35–39); total radials 83 (78–85). Monospondylous centra 32 (31–34); predorsal caudal centra 55 (52–61); predorsal centra 87 (85–93); total centra about 148 (144–153).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF7FFCBFF1E8130FE6DFF5F" blockId="14.[151,1437,1611,2037]" box="[151,440,1611,1636]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF7FFCBFF1E8130FE6DFF5F" box="[151,440,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">Colour (In Preservative)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF7FFCAFF4F8108FC65F811" blockId="14.[151,1437,1611,2037]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,152,378]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="14" pageNumber="59">
Dorsal surface of disc and tail almost uniformly dark greyish brown (some 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF7FFCBFBED8108FB01FFB6" box="[1124,1236,1651,1677]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
more uniformly darker); darkest at pre-orbit and over supraorbit; slightly darker medially on back and along dorsal tail, outer margin of disc paler than central part; lateral snout whitish (less pronounced in some 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF7FFCBFB0A81B8FB2DFFE6" box="[1155,1272,1731,1757]" pageId="14" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), rostral cartilage strongly demarcated from white area adjacent; anterior and posterior parts of orbital membrane pale; inner portion of spiracle whitish; pelvic fin and claspers similar to dorsal disc; dorsal and caudal fins greyish to black; thorns distinct, paler than soft tissue adjacent. Ventral surface with variable markings, with irregular whitish and brownish areas, mostly paler than dorsal surface; most of disc, pelvic fins and tail pale to medium brown, darkest on abdomen, tail, tips of anterior lobe of pelvic fin and in perianal region (sometimes with extensive white areas that extend laterally over pelvic fin bases); prominent black-edged pores over snout, and anterior and central portions of disc, densest on internasal flap and along lower lip, absent from most of belly, posterior portion of disc and pelvic fins; snout mostly whitish, grading evenly into darker posterior portion of disc (sharply demarcated in some 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF6FFCAFDBD87BBFD7CF9E1" box="[564,681,192,218]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
); granular anterior margin of disc pale, usually sharply demarcated from rest of disc; median snout dusky to almost black; mouth and teeth white; internasal-flap fringe, anterior margin of gill slits, cloaca and origin of pelvic fins whitish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF6FFCAFF4F8643FBC1F841" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,378]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">When fresh: Similar to preserved colour but somewhat darker, almost black dorsally; light and dark areas forming a blotched pattern ventrally, markings variable, strongly contrasted.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF6FFCAFF1E8310FCD4FC3C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1131,1287]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF6FFCAFF1E8310FEF7FDB8" bold="true" box="[151,290,1131,1155]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 13</emphasis>
. Clasper skeleton from right side of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFF6FFCAFD3F8310FC57FDB9" box="[694,898,1131,1154]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF6FFCAFD3F8310FC57FDB9" box="[694,898,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1FFAB64FFFF6FFCAFC028310FC34FDB9" box="[907,993,1131,1154]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF6FFCAFC648310FB99FDB9" box="[1005,1100,1131,1154]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, CSIRO H 5610–01 (dissected from AMS I 40748–001), 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF6FFCAFE2483F0FDD0FD99" box="[429,517,1163,1186]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.82" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="682.0">682 mm</quantity>
TL, mature male: a – dorsal view; b – lateral view; c – ventral view. Skeletal terminology abbreviated as: atr2 – accessory terminal 2 cartilage, ax – axial cartilage, dmg – dorsal marginal cartilage, dtr1 – dorsal terminal 1 cartilage, dtr2 – dorsal terminal 2 cartilage, dtr3 – dorsal terminal 3 cartilage, tb – terminal bridge, vmg – ventral marginal cartilage, vtr – ventral terminal cartilage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF6FFCAFF1E8242FF13FC69" blockId="15.[151,1437,1337,1482]" box="[151,198,1337,1362]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF6FFCAFF1E8242FF13FC69" box="[151,198,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">Size</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF6FFCAFF4F821BFB61FCF1" blockId="15.[151,1437,1337,1482]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">
Largest female 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF6FFCAFE09821BFE67FC41" box="[384,434,1376,1402]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
was 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF6FFCAFE7A821BFD82FC41" box="[499,599,1376,1402]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="770.0">770 mm</quantity>
TL but known to reach 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF6FFCAFCF6821BFC37FC41" box="[895,994,1376,1402]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="840.0">840 mm</quantity>
TL (Treloar pers. comm.); one male 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF6FFCAFF1E82F3FF29FC99" box="[151,252,1416,1442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(CSIRO H 4486–01) adolescent at 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF6FFCAFD3C82F3FCCFFC99" box="[693,794,1416,1442]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="685.0">685 mm</quantity>
TL, but male 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFF6FFCAFC4682F3FBE0FC99" box="[975,1077,1416,1442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
fully mature at 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF6FFCAFA8982F3FAB0FC99" box="[1280,1381,1416,1442]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.59" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="659.0">659 mm</quantity>
TL; mature males ranged between 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF6FFCAFE7282CBFD42FCF1" box="[507,663,1456,1482]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.825" metricValueMax="7.06" metricValueMin="6.59" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="682.5" valueMax="706.0" valueMin="659.0">659–706 mm</quantity>
TL; no information on juveniles or egg cases.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7EA784ADFFF6FFCAFF1E817AFB6AFFAE" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF6FFCAFF1E817AFEF3FF21" blockId="15.[151,1436,1537,1685]" box="[151,294,1537,1562]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF6FFCAFF1E817AFEF3FF21" box="[151,294,1537,1562]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF6FFCAFF4F8153FB6AFFAE" blockId="15.[151,1436,1537,1685]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">
Endemic to Bathurst and 
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFF6FFCAFE7D8153FDA4FF79" box="[500,625,1576,1602]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
Harbours, in southwestern Tasmania. Occurs primarily in the upper, oligo-mesohaline regions of these estuaries. The total available habitat is less than 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFF6FFCAFBE98128FB6CFF56" box="[1120,1209,1619,1645]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="300.0">300 km</quantity>
2 and initial surveys suggest that the population is likely to be less than 1000 individuals (Treloar pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7EA784ADFFF6FFD5FF1E81BDFB3DFBE1" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF6FFCAFF1E81BDFEC1FFE4" blockId="15.[151,1437,1734,1880]" box="[151,276,1734,1759]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF6FFCAFF1E81BDFEC1FFE4" box="[151,276,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF6FFCAFF4F8195FE12FE63" blockId="15.[151,1437,1734,1880]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">The epithet ‘maugeana’ was derived to draw a link with the Australian cool temperate biogeographic region, the Maugean Province, in which this skate is a keystone species. Its common name, the Maugean Skate, follows this theme.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF6FFCAFF1E80F2FE6BFE99" blockId="15.[151,1436,1929,2035]" box="[151,446,1929,1954]" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFF6FFCAFF1E80F2FE6BFE99" box="[151,446,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">Ecology and Life History</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFF6FFD5FF4F80CAFD00F841" blockId="15.[151,1436,1929,2035]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,152,618]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="15" pageNumber="60">
Unique among extant skates in that it occurs primarily in brackish water. The two estuarine systems in which it lives are high in tannin content with poor light penetration and have silty bottoms. Several deepwater invertebrate taxa normally found in deep habitats of the continental slope encroach into relatively shallow depths. The snout morphology of this skate, which resembles that of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE9FFD5FC4587BBFBE1F9E2" box="[972,1076,192,217]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE9FFD5FC4587BBFBE1F9E2" box="[972,1076,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Dipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species found in silty habitats on the continental slope, may be a feeding adaptation. Little is known of other biological or ecological requirements of this recently discovered species. The estuaries are well separated and given that this skate has never been taken in the sea, may form genetically distinct populations. Specimens have been caught in a broad range of brackish salinities to almost fresh water.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFE9FFD5FF4F86F3FAB8FB51" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,618]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
Small populations and the geographically restricted distribution of this species have significant conservation implications. The isolation of Bathurst Harbour, which is situated in the heart of large terrestrial and marine parks in southwestern Tasmania, affords partial protection for this species. However, the other remnant population lies in an estuary heavily polluted by prolonged mining operations and anthropogenic interference. Both populations are in otherwise scenic and important recreational areas facing increasing pressure from ecotourism. 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE9FFD5FF76852BFE08FB52" box="[255,477,592,617]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE9FFD5FF76852BFE08FB52" box="[255,477,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also caught occasionally by recreational gill netting in 
<collectingCountry id="4EAA97B6FFE9FFD5FB09852BFB28FB51" box="[1152,1277,592,618]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
Harbour.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFE9FFD5FF1E85E4FB3DFBE1" blockId="16.[151,1436,671,730]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE9FFD5FF1E85E4FEDCFB8C" bold="true" box="[151,265,671,695]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<tableCitation id="7B3FE29DFFE9FFD5FF1E85E4FED6FB8C" box="[151,259,671,695]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="17.[156,235,162,183]" captionText="TABLE 3 (continued)." pageId="16" pageNumber="61">TABLE 3</tableCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Morphometrics for 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFE9FFD5FE6C85DBFD97FB8C" box="[485,578,672,695]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(CSIRO H 3975–01) and 6 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFE9FFD5FCFD85DBFC0FFB8C" box="[884,986,672,695]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE9FFD5FB8985DBFB1EFB8C" box="[1024,1227,672,695]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE9FFD5FB8985DBFB1EFB8C" box="[1024,1227,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1FFAB64FFFE9FFD5FB5385DBFAFAFB8C" box="[1242,1327,672,695]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<specimenCount id="20BB1CAFFFE9FFD5FAB285DBFF1AFBE3" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE9FFD5FF7A85B9FE83FBE2" box="[243,342,706,729]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE9FFD5FF7A85B9FE83FBE2" box="[243,342,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<specimenCount id="20BB1CAFFFE9FFD5FE1985BAFDC6FBE3" box="[400,531,705,728]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE9FFD5FDBE85B9FD65FBE2" box="[567,688,706,729]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE9FFD5FDBE85B9FD65FBE2" box="[567,688,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Values are expressed as a percentage of total length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7EA784ADFFE9FFD7FD3E8586FA50FB51" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="3602D726FFE9FFD5FD3E8586FA8EFA29" blockId="16.[156,1420,765,2029]" box="[695,1371,765,786]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE9FFD5FD3E8586FA8EFA29" box="[695,1371,765,786]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE9FFD5FD3E8586FCE1FA29" box="[695,820,765,786]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana">Z. maugeana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE9FFD5FB8C8586FB8BFA29" box="[1029,1118,765,786]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">Z. nasuta</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE9FFD5FB648586FA8EFA29" box="[1261,1371,765,786]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">Z. chilensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFE9FFD4FDDB845CFF2BFC1A" blockId="16.[156,1420,765,2029]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,1288,2034]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFE9FFD5FDDB845CFD73FA07" box="[594,678,807,828]" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
min max min max min max Total length (mm) 659 571 770 540 850 398 827 Disc width 70.0 66.5 70.5 66.5 77.2 73.9 76.9 Disc length (direct) 62.2 61.0 63.2 56.8 63.4 59.5 63.5 Snout to maximum width 38.8 37.5 41.7 33.4 42.8 39.9 42.3 Snout length (preorbital direct) 20.8 21.3 24.0 14.7 22.0 18.9 22.7 Snout to spiracle 26.0 26.3 29.5 20.2 27.2 23.7 27.3 Head (dorsal length) 27.3 28.0 31.3 22.3 29.2 26.1 28.9 Orbit diameter 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.5 4.4 3.3 3.8 Orbit and spiracle length 5.3 4.8 5.4 5.1 5.9 5.3 5.5 Spiracle length (main pore) 2.1 1.7 2.2 1.6 2.2 1.9 2.6 Distance between orbits 5.5 5.1 6.1 4.9 6.0 6.5 7.0 Distance between spiracles 7.0 7.0 7.5 6.6 7.5 7.1 8.1 Distance-snout to cloaca 59.3 59.0 62.7 54.7 61.9 55.7 62.3 Cloaca to D1 25.3 23.9 26.5 0.0 0.0 23.2 27.4 Cloaca to D2 31.8 29.4 32.3 0.0 0.0 29.0 35.0 Cloaca to caudal origin 37.8 34.8 38.6 0.0 0.0 33.5 40.5 Distance-cloaca to caudal-fin tip 41.2 37.7 42.3 37.8 44.6 37.1 45.6 Ventral snout length (pre upper jaw) 20.6 21.3 24.7 15.1 21.7 20.2 22.2 Prenasal length 18.1 18.5 21.2 13.6 19.7 17.6 19.5 Ventral head length (to fifth gill) 36.1 36.6 38.8 31.1 36.9 35.9 37.7 Mouth width 9.6 8.6 9.5 7.9 9.9 9.5 9.6 Distance between nostrils 9.3 8.9 9.7 8.5 10.1 10.1 10.2 Nasal curtain length 5.3 4.9 5.6 4.6 5.5 4.2 5.4 Nasal curtain (total width) 10.5 9.5 10.7 9.7 11.2 10.1 11.3 Nasal curtain (min. width) 7.3 6.8 7.7 6.5 7.9 6.8 8.2 
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE9FFD4FBCD80ADFA8EF9DE" italics="true" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
......continued on the next page 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FD3E87ABFCE1F9DE" box="[695,820,208,229]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana">Z. maugeana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FB8C87ABFB8BF9DE" box="[1029,1118,208,229]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">Z. nasuta</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FB6487ABFA8EF9DE" box="[1261,1371,208,229]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">Z. chilensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFE8FFD4FDDB8780FD73F82B" box="[594,678,251,272]" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
min max min max min max Nasal curtain (lobe width) 1.9 1.4 2.2 2.1 2.4 1.5 2.6 Width of first gill opening 1.7 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.8 Width of fifth gill opening 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.8 Distance between first gill openings 16.1 15.6 17.1 14.5 17.3 16.9 19.6 Distance between fifth gill openings 9.1 8.9 11.1 8.3 11.5 10.7 11.0 Clasper (post cloacal length) 26.8 23.9 23.9 0.0 29.5 0.0 26.8 Length of anterior pelvic lobe 13.2 11.5 12.9 12.2 14.4 13.6 14.6 Length of posterior pelvic lobe 20.3 13.9 18.6 16.1 23.2 16.5 18.7 Pelvic base width 9.1 8.6 10.3 7.9 10.4 10.0 10.2 Tail at axil pelvic fins (width) 4.2 3.6 4.4 4.4 5.8 3.8 4.9 Tail at axil pelvic fins (height) 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.9 2.4 2.7 Tail at midlength (width) 3.2 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.9 2.4 3.1 Tail at midlength (height) 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.6 Tail at D1 origin (width) 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.2 3.2 2.2 2.7 Tail at D1 origin (height) 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.5 D1 base length 5.1 4.6 5.5 4.5 6.1 4.6 5.9 D1 height 3.5 2.8 3.8 2.7 3.9 2.8 3.2 D1 orig to caudal-fin tip 15.9 13.0 17.1 12.9 16.9 13.1 18.2 D2 orig to caudal-fin tip 9.3 7.4 10.0 6.8 10.2 7.7 10.4 Caudal-fin length 3.4 2.2 3.7 2.3 4.2 2.9 4.6 
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FF1E8273FF2BFC1A" box="[151,254,1288,1313]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="62C287AEFFE8FFD4FF1587D9FEACF98C" box="[156,377,162,183]" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">
<paragraph id="3602D726FFE8FFD4FF1587D9FEACF98C" blockId="17.[156,1393,162,1193]" box="[156,377,162,183]" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FF1587D9FF2BF98C" bold="true" box="[156,254,162,183]" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">TABLE 3</emphasis>
(continued).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFE8FFD4FF4F824BFBA6FF59" blockId="17.[151,1436,1288,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">
The three 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FECB824BFE4AFC72" box="[322,415,1328,1353]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FECB824BFE4AFC72" box="[322,415,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Zearaja</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species can be distinguished based on size, morphometrics and squamation. 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FAB6824BFEC4FC4A" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FAB6824BFEC4FC4A" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is physically smaller than both 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FD188223FCD5FC4A" box="[657,768,1368,1393]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FD188223FCD5FC4A" box="[657,768,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FCB48223FC10FC4A" box="[829,965,1368,1393]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FCB48223FC10FC4A" box="[829,965,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and has a smaller size at maturity. The three adult male 
<typeStatus id="E9066984FFE8FFD4FED482FBFE4EFCA1" box="[349,411,1408,1434]" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">types</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FE4D82FBFD8BFCA2" box="[452,606,1408,1433]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FE4D82FBFD8BFCA2" box="[452,606,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were mature at 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFE8FFD4FC9782FBFC6EFCA1" box="[798,955,1408,1434]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.825" metricValueMax="7.06" metricValueMin="6.59" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="682.5" valueMax="706.0" valueMin="659.0">659–706 mm</quantity>
TL and females attain 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFE8FFD4FB4782FBFAE5FCA1" box="[1230,1328,1408,1434]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="840.0">840 mm</quantity>
TL. Age and growth in 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FEDA82D3FE0BFCFA" box="[339,478,1448,1473]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FEDA82D3FE0BFCFA" box="[339,478,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been comprehensively investigated and reviewed (
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFE8FFD4FB0682D3FA42FCF9" author="Licandeo" box="[1167,1431,1448,1474]" pageId="17" pageNumber="64" refString="Licandeo, R. R., Lamilla, J. G., Rubilar, P. G. &amp; Vega, R. M. (2006) Age, growth, and sexual maturity of the yellownose skate Dipturus chilensis in the south - eastern Pacific. Journal of Fish Biology, 68, 488 - 506." type="journal article" year="2006">
Licandeo 
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FA8282D3FA91FCFA" box="[1291,1348,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
; Licandeo 
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FE8282ABFEEBFCD2" box="[267,318,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FEC582ABFE73FCD2" box="[332,422,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">in press</emphasis>
). 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FE3682ABFD5CFCD2" box="[447,649,1488,1513]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FE3682ABFD5CFCD2" box="[447,649,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Zearaja chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits geographic variation in size, but the onset of maturity varies from 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFE8FFD4FE888283FE4BFF29" box="[257,414,1528,1554]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="800.0" valueMax="850.0" valueMin="750.0">750–850 mm</quantity>
TL in males (Licandeo 
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FD378283FD26FF2A" box="[702,755,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FC8A8283FC8AFF2A" box="[771,863,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">in press</emphasis>
), with the largest recorded female 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFE8FFD4FB768283FAA5FF29" box="[1279,1392,1528,1554]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="1680.0">1680 mm</quantity>
TL (
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFE8FFD4FF16815BFE04FF01" author="Lloris" box="[159,465,1568,1594]" pageId="17" pageNumber="64" refString="Lloris, D. &amp; Rucabado, J. (1991) Ictiofauna del canal Beagle (Tierra de Fuego), aspectos ecologicos y analisis biogeografico. Publicaciones Especiales Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 8, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="1991">Lloris &amp; Rucabado 1991</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FE61815BFD4BFF02" box="[488,670,1568,1593]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FE61815BFD4BFF02" box="[488,670,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Zearaja nasuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reported to occasionally reach 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFE8FFD4FBB2815BFB7BFF01" box="[1083,1198,1568,1594]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="1000.0">1000 mm</quantity>
TL (
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFE8FFD4FB66815BFF03FF59" author="Ayling" pageId="17" pageNumber="64" refString="Ayling, T. &amp; Cox, G. J. (1982) Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand. Collins, Auckland, 343 pp." type="book" year="1982">Ayling &amp; Cox 1982</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<quantity id="F1457AC3FFE8FFD4FE928133FE5EFF59" box="[283,395,1608,1634]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.084" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="1084.0">1084 mm</quantity>
TL based on museum specimens (NMNZ P 4783, not viewed).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFE8FFD4FF4F810BFA49FEC9" blockId="17.[151,1436,1288,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FF4F810BFE70FFB2" box="[198,421,1648,1673]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FF4F810BFE70FFB2" box="[198,421,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FDC9810BFD78FFB2" box="[576,685,1648,1673]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FDC9810BFD78FFB2" box="[576,685,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the following morphometrics. Apart from attaining a smaller maximum size, 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FED081E3FE23FF8A" box="[345,502,1688,1713]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FED081E3FE23FF8A" box="[345,502,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a longer pre upper jaw length (20.6–24.7 vs. 15.1–21.7% TL), prenasal length (18.1–21.2 vs. 13.6–19.7% TL) and ventral head length (36.1–38.8 vs. 31.1–36.9% TL), shorter adult clasper (23.9–26.8 vs. 25.9–29.5% TL), and a less robust tail (width at axil of pelvic fin 3.6–4.4 vs. 4.4–5.8% TL; at midlength width 2.7–3.2 vs. 2.9–3.9% TL, height 1.3–1.4 vs. 1.5–1.8% TL). Its disc is proportionally narrower (width 1.09–1.12 times length) than either 
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<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FC988043FC54FE6A" box="[785,897,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1.12–1.22 times) or 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FB038043FAC6FE6A" box="[1162,1299,1848,1873]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FB038043FAC6FE6A" box="[1162,1299,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1.19–1.29 times), and its snout to interorbit ratio (3.75–4.38 vs. 
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<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FC17801BFBDFFE42" box="[926,1034,1888,1913]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FC17801BFBDFFE42" box="[926,1034,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
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<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FB55801BFAB4FE42" box="[1244,1377,1888,1913]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FB55801BFAB4FE42" box="[1244,1377,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and pre upper jaw to internasal ratio (2.20–2.58 vs. 
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<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FCD380F3FC13FE9A" box="[858,966,1928,1953]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FCD380F3FC13FE9A" box="[858,966,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
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and 
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<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FB1080F3FACBFE9A" box="[1177,1310,1928,1953]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FB1080F3FACBFE9A" box="[1177,1310,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) reflect its relatively narrow head and long snout. In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FC8D80CBFC4AFEF2" box="[772,927,1968,1993]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FC8D80CBFC4AFEF2" box="[772,927,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs markedly from 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFE8FFD4FB3380CBFA96FEF2" box="[1210,1347,1968,1993]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFE8FFD4FB3380CBFA96FEF2" box="[1210,1347,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in disc width (66.5–70.5 vs. 73.9–76.9% TL), has a more evenly tapered tail (width at axil of pelvic fin 1.30–1.53 vs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFEBFFD7FF1E87E3FE69F869" blockId="18.[151,1436,152,618]" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">
1.57–1.59 times width at midlength, 1.34–1.72 vs. 1.72–1.82 times width at first dorsal-fin origin), and a higher orbit to interorbit ratio (0.58–0.69 vs. 0.48–0.55). Males available to us of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFEBFFD7FBD587BBFB37F9E2" box="[1116,1250,192,217]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFEBFFD7FBD587BBFB37F9E2" box="[1116,1250,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were immature but based on 
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFEBFFD7FEBA8793FE03F839" author="Leible" box="[307,470,232,258]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" refString="Leible, M. (1987) Taxonomic description of juveniles and adults of Raja (Dipturus) flavirostris Philippi, 1892 (Rajiformes, Rajidae) captured in front of the coast off central Chile. Gayana Zoologi´a, 51, 131 - 176." type="journal article" year="1987">Leible (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFEBFFD7FE6A8793FDBDF83A" box="[483,616,232,257]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFEBFFD7FE6A8793FDBDF83A" box="[483,616,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
attains an even larger size than its congeners and appears to have relatively large claspers as an adult. Leible examined male specimens exceeding 
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TL and their claspers varied from 27–32% TL.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3602D726FFEBFFD7FF4F861BFA50FB51" blockId="18.[151,1436,152,618]" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFEBFFD7FF4F861BFEAFF842" box="[198,378,352,377]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFEBFFD7FF4F861BFEAFF842" box="[198,378,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">Zearaja nasuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, known as the rough skate (
<bibRefCitation id="522CAAD7FFEBFFD7FD47861BFC14F841" author="Ayling" box="[718,961,352,378]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" refString="Ayling, T. &amp; Cox, G. J. (1982) Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand. Collins, Auckland, 343 pp." type="book" year="1982">Ayling &amp; Cox 1982</bibRefCitation>
), has a well-developed covering of fine denticles over its dorsal surface. In comparison, the dorsal surface of the pectoral fins of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFEBFFD7FB2A86F3FA54F89A" box="[1187,1409,392,417]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFEBFFD7FB2A86F3FA54F89A" box="[1187,1409,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">Zearaja maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is largely naked. There are also minor differences between the 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFEBFFD7FCEF86CBFC16F8F2" box="[870,963,432,457]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFEBFFD7FCEF86CBFC16F8F2" box="[870,963,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">Zearaja</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the clasper configuration but their mode of operation is presumably identical. Differences relate primarily to the strength of various cartilages and to the position of the rhipidion. In 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFEBFFD7FD23857BFC91FB22" box="[682,836,512,537]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maugeana">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFEBFFD7FD23857BFC91FB22" box="[682,836,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">Z. maugeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFEBFFD7FCF6857BFC38FB22" box="[895,1005,512,537]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFEBFFD7FCF6857BFC38FB22" box="[895,1005,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">Z. nasuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the rhipidion is slender, rather than wavy, and is dispersed centrally along the dorsal margin of the ventral terminal cartilage, well away from lateral margin of the glans. The wavy rhipidion of 
<taxonomicName id="F1BDACA5FFEBFFD7FD40852BFC9BFB52" box="[713,846,592,617]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Zearaja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="04C90B34FFEBFFD7FD40852BFC9BFB52" box="[713,846,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">Z. chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lies submarginal to the sharp edge of the shield.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>