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<mods:title id="036E49517E8D77ACEF3F7FF77EACFB02">Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="922E17BCEB1A2E23D5F7DC2DA759E8E3">Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="807893DB242D726575BFA3D1688DF401">Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DC4494E89E68CCDD438DE5021696B0F6">Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil &amp; Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="936531DD3690DA2D35D9D7E625DA4BB8">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B17780F3128FDDAFF09A166A8B39815F">South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4E0DDA37828C5ECCF39CDF3026636B83">Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FE8958FD2AA3926E85B132F72A65820A">Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="5FEEDA3F92740593F5C3C41F4991B71D">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189600017" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Caryophylliidae" scope_order="Scleractinia" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subGenus="Caryophyllia">
<subSubSection id="0EEDC06868B4E6231A24A73B7BB7E01E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D097E0F792178E59286CD7454D3A5FCE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="62F43C106C0A1CC5C21C67A0CC162B97" ID-CoL="69DKG" authority="Moseley, 1881" authorityName="Moseley" authorityYear="1881" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) rugosa" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa" subGenus="Caryophyllia">Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) rugosa Moseley, 1881</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B27DA74A905DB723F75E364C7B93B669" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="C3B811ABA8CCD666A82076A5F00A0C3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="6025C35C5DD62FE4557911BCD61BE051" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A, B Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) grandis (SAMC _ A 073150, off Mazeppa Bay, 480 - 490 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, D Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) lamellifera (SAMC _ A 090155, off Sodwana Bay, 120 m) C calicular view D lateral view E, F Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) profunda (DTE Valdivia Stn 108, off Agulhas, 126 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) quadragenaria (USNM 91539, Eastern coast, off Shaka's Rock, 350 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) rugosa (SAMC _ A 090071, off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 370 m) I calicular view J lateral view K, N Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) sarsiae K, L (MN _ SM 226, off Mazeppa Bay, 710 - 775 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N (MN _ SM 174, off Kidds Beach, 760 m) M calicular view N lateral view O, P Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) scobinosa (SAM _ H 1248, off Durban, 91 m) O calicular view P lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604105" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 2I, J</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ED6D935D8B78B20F7C0EFB0F091F34A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8C654BAEB796A46CE75C10C90C98FC0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="040371A2947B9B304D3A5CB9EFF0789B" authorityName="Moseley" authorityYear="1881" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia rugosa" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">Caryophyllia rugosa</taxonomicName>
Moseley, 1881: 141-143, pl. 1, fig. 8
<bibRefCitation id="035B3188C69602F0C2E56085A3CC79ED" author="Wells, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletins of American Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B303" refString="Wells, J, 1954. Recent corals of the Marshall Islands: Bikini and nearby atolls, Part 2: Oceanography (Biology). Geological Survey Professional Paper 260-I: 382-486." title="Recent corals of the Marshall Islands: Bikini and nearby atolls, Part 2: Oceanography (Biology). Geological Survey Professional Paper 260 - I: 382 - 486." year="1954">. -Wells 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 469, pl. 177, figs 5, 6
<bibRefCitation id="8691E6B92E12881DD45D96EE47B0B2F1" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 30" refId="B33" refString="Cairns, S, 1984. New records of ahermatypic corals (Scleractinia) from the Hawaiian and Line Islands. Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum 25 (10): 1 - 30" title="New records of ahermatypic corals (Scleractinia) from the Hawaiian and Line Islands." volume="25" year="1984">. -Cairns 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 11-13, pl. 2, figs A, B, pl. 4, fig. I. -
<bibRefCitation id="C96F2D00D0ED7FECEDFE2A0BE851FBD2" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B36" refString="Cairns, S, 1991. A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 504: 1 - 44" title="A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands." volume="504" year="1991">Cairns 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 20. -
<bibRefCitation id="B90BE6C7DA60A63B7AC3888F9A77899F" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 236, fig. 3I. -
<bibRefCitation id="CC5553038952768FABF9BDD8A91805D2" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="91 - 118" refId="B155" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, Miller, D, 2010a. Monophyletic origin of the Caryophyllia (Scleractinia; Caryophylliidae), with description of six new species. Systematics and Biodiversity 8: 91 - 118" title="Monophyletic origin of the Caryophyllia (Scleractinia; Caryophylliidae), with description of six new species." volume="8" year="2010 a">Kitahara et al. 2010a</bibRefCitation>
: 108, figs 93-97.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="80EEC925793F6E5D675949F9920C4421" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="2B35A1F0AEA0A16C2E9D56DB511FF896" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia paraoctopali" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paraoctopali">Caryophyllia paraoctopali</taxonomicName>
Yabe &amp; Eguchi, 1942b: 120, 150, pl. 10, fig. 12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0070E8B4FCF957EC933D1D567B822AFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="1D1513FF2F0CB90E5855C1DC95689562" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Caryophylliia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophylliia (Caryophyllia) rugosa" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa" subGenus="Caryophyllia">Caryophylliia (Caryophyllia) rugosa</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="6FDC960D3452E76661C61298BDB63BCF" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">. -Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 47, pl. 20, fig. I, pl. 21, fig. A. -
<bibRefCitation id="F36C7342DE378E6C776C677DB38E4D15" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 243" refId="B54" refString="Cairns, S, Zibrowius, H, 1997. Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 172: 27 - 243" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions." volume="172" year="1997">Cairns and Zibrowius 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 91-92. -
<bibRefCitation id="3905CF8F945401021437409AA0BCB46E" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="361 - 417" refId="B40" refString="Cairns, S, 1998. Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 18: 361 - 417" title="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of western Australia." volume="18" year="1998">Cairns 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 375. -
<bibRefCitation id="8E4A64BC2ECF4A9F098CAA17EEAA5842" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
: 495-496, 498, figs 269H-I, 271, 272A-C.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="999145CC08555F1902E1A1ABBD351A66" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="AEE9D0EBC1CA7731848299BAC52636FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2BBF3B4798BA4AA0E2101A3C810608A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Off Banda and Sulu Seas, Indonesia (HMS
<normalizedToken id="1BD663D2E0F325782D5BBEE936757B62" originalValue="Challenger">'Challenger'</normalizedToken>
stns 192 and 201); 187-230 m (
<bibRefCitation id="97926CAB34A13BF118B462877706087E" author="Moseley, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 248" refId="B196" refString="Moseley, H, 1881. Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage H.M.S. Challenger, in the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Zoology 2: 1 - 248" title="Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage H. M. S. Challenger, in the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76." volume="2" year="1881">Moseley 1881</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DD6AED2D864A10A422817F5169DA8A7F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="EF1BFB4BB3D7DE5EE985A07849BD6918" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="88887D2F13316C277A719A61F9F88D43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Syntypes are deposited at the BMNH
<bibRefCitation id="9652640EE3FB64F777F2670662A5024E" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">(Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8C944DAD13B5F1C19062AFDD18F0F24" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F8FE5DA64259EA2B2E02BB11605FA0D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB43FB822A368B8FC107DF3BF1762C92" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="DBC96DCBE7F8819341332F32CA0D4357" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Nhlabane Estuary" elevation="330" latitude="-28.739998" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.3867" municipality="Richards Bay" specimenCount="1">
SAMC_A073073 (
<specimenCount id="9E0B984F54883C13041F086D6649756E" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="53B36919105CB191E39336A01E4C9429" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B:53B36919105CB191E39336A01E4C9429" county="Nhlabane Estuary" latitude="-28.739998" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.3867" municipality="Richards Bay" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="1B7AF4AF91652E4DD058845914CF1A86" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" unit="km" value="29.0">29 km</quantity>
off
<collectingMunicipality id="0E5106E4D7F251EB56142CB475D1E667">Richards Bay</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="723238208B8DDA61B14F7919E37D586C" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="62144A53BFA90325691D4F4E9E312392">Nhlabane Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="46EB3F42FC47299F7CDF689BC735932B" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="23.99" value="-28.739998">28°44'23.99&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CA3240F349674EEDE24833AFAD43C9D7" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="12.11" value="32.3867">32°23'12.11&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="60C4A9708E9B3A0B7646BCC7DB9B5E6D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.2" unit="m" value="330.0" valueMax="340.0" valueMin="320.0">
<elevation id="7D10A0005C0BC8613638EAD73B47661F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.2" unit="m" value="330.0" valueMax="340.0" valueMin="320.0">
320-
<specimenCount id="0E14F8C3FC4693B49ED9D9DE2469C406" type="generic">340 m.</specimenCount>
</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="95F758E6D58CA325B196663555C57B53" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Cwili Estuary" elevation="245" latitude="-32.7633" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.6067" municipality="Mazeppa Bay" specimenCount="1">
SAMC_A073180 (
<specimenCount id="3831AAEB62DF08B60549F188D4F0F86A" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="9638CAD0F0ED40DE5CEADB6124461E57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B:9638CAD0F0ED40DE5CEADB6124461E57" county="Cwili Estuary" latitude="-32.7633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.6067" municipality="Mazeppa Bay" name="Southern">Southern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="EBBE52BF231E5FB21D20C3D5E6C695F4" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" unit="km" value="33.0">33 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="82581A939705DD7A9075989861683DF0">Mazeppa Bay</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="1BF2A4FACC1BD41A1C5064F658E45E82" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="E59C56A8D2C8DEF19EE6B671FFF4E781">Cwili Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C3DCFB45F0B1FAB34C8DFB37AC9FAC85" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.88" value="-32.7633">32°45'47.88&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4EF9EEF455BCA3392BD67225883A48B1" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="24.12" value="28.6067">28°36'24.12&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="0415DF2B91B3CAB45350ADBD622F4B81" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" unit="m" value="245.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="240.0">
<elevation id="9DC932300EA99A3E143841964051349F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" unit="m" value="245.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="240.0">
240-
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</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="E8BBF61D38C102369C05C2391836A345" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Estuary" elevation="370" latitude="-26.925" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="33.01833" municipality="Sifungwe" specimenCount="1">
SAMC_A090071(
<specimenCount id="AFFC3660F73291A74365525871B81573" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="0B0C55D0FBD16FC810729869F82EC9C4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B:0B0C55D0FBD16FC810729869F82EC9C4" county="Estuary" latitude="-26.925" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="33.01833" municipality="Sifungwe" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="46F851D702BE73FB8B6E8A91CF073278" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
south of
<location id="380E48C235B9A8FCB15DD8DAAAA419CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B:380E48C235B9A8FCB15DD8DAAAA419CC" county="Estuary" latitude="-26.925" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="33.01833" municipality="Sifungwe" name="Ponta Do Ouro">Ponta Do Ouro</location>
/
<quantity id="2A4EDB316C7F7A0FDAC886433DF17434" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
off
<location id="4741BA6FE71B0FD39AEE6A43787B0A18" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B:4741BA6FE71B0FD39AEE6A43787B0A18" county="Estuary" latitude="-26.925" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="33.01833" municipality="Sifungwe" name="Kosi-Kumpungwini">Kosi-Kumpungwini</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="1F2E433FCF7640E1DB6D27271D520750">Sifungwe</collectingMunicipality>
)
<collectingCounty id="698CEE7F503167C8738D50C519A99049">Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="881BFD38BCFD5CC3398CBF5784E190D4" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.00" value="-26.925">26°55'30.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2D044178FDEEFDCE38217535C1C71B56" degrees="33" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="05.99" value="33.01833">33°01'05.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="5C255C577418962FEED8DECAC1443EB2" type="generic">
<quantity id="C904747C163ACC3AF3DD11121CC7B166" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="m" value="370.0">
<elevation id="12D4B16335D594ABAD7144A4DA6C2077" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="m" value="370.0">370 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="69B6F54C08A344132277F7E3A91262C3" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Estuary" elevation="170" latitude="-29.166666" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.08333" municipality="Sifungwe" specimenCount="1">
SAMC_A090077 (
<specimenCount id="BF4042DC8522C7AAF9515D721E6FAFB3" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="0D13456AFC46D15910D1753DAFEED13B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B:0D13456AFC46D15910D1753DAFEED13B" county="Estuary" latitude="-29.166666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.08333" municipality="Sifungwe" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="F490A123A67D08A1DBAE8F61A3CF061D" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="km" value="34.0">34 km</quantity>
off
<location id="71122F80A96D1C4585D5F5F9519C8443" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B:71122F80A96D1C4585D5F5F9519C8443" county="Estuary" latitude="-29.166666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.08333" municipality="Sifungwe" name="Port Dunford">Port Dunford</location>
/
<quantity id="41129F9B724AE476B25077616FF6E135" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" unit="km" value="38.0">38 km</quantity>
off
<location id="7F445C210CC14A6C8284EF68DD1BFB97" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B:7F445C210CC14A6C8284EF68DD1BFB97" county="Estuary" latitude="-29.166666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.08333" municipality="Sifungwe" name="Kosi-Kumpungwini">Kosi-Kumpungwini</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="ADA8B5A164343B7F77A2935EB84BA414">Sifungwe</collectingMunicipality>
)
<collectingCounty id="17417238CD51E78AE23D1FABA6D7C0F5">Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2752020B9B80C7AF2B71946D288B2AF0" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="00.00" value="-29.166666">29°10'00.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="23E6301F5C11D4424D4E231518A28724" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.99" value="32.08333">32°04'59.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="E4FA99466AD0AB87C71C465A988FDD69" type="generic">
<quantity id="70EF56A021D5BC5BA13E3473475903FE" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="m" value="170.0">
<elevation id="874D39A3AA061955EF8E8278B800494C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="m" value="170.0">170 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="FE2380CAAF6997DDE960025655B5CB34" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Kosi Bay Estuary" elevation="100" latitude="-27.184996" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.848297" municipality="Ponta Do Ouro" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="1DFEF7E444CBCCAE656DA176F00C82C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
USNM 91529 (
<specimenCount id="4A4F93F1DA5600CF497F22CE115C969C" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
)
</emphasis>
:
<location id="D00CB392B127068D74E57ABC36CF9BEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B:D00CB392B127068D74E57ABC36CF9BEE" county="Kosi Bay Estuary" latitude="-27.184996" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.848297" municipality="Ponta Do Ouro" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="28FFF65EFA06AC3C2366E261562C3144" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="km" value="37.0">37 km</quantity>
south of
<collectingMunicipality id="2DA149E51C55B04BB5B92857C11EE6FA">Ponta Do Ouro</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="EBD6435EEED382F8D2F2037DFEACA21A" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="km" value="23.0">23 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="B32C1BC9F18BE5DCB1B9B8BE46DB9785">Kosi Bay Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1603035099795741529DF9B9C5591DA7" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="05.99" value="-27.184996">27°11'05.99&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AA58998F48F5186CCF0B483E38CDDFE9" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="53.88" value="32.848297">32°50'53.88&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="6A0CA5A6D90BAC830C6C6609475E2A6B" type="generic">
<quantity id="EFCA8D8159AE6C589232E4ED42110104" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation id="719CE50373C7FE1664E15D7FB92B8AFB" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E00CC3E57B09BA78D60015F60F4B9633" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="A6A6248D710BCC31BE8A921B57ABAC42" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E14DBF5ACE39D21BF8648CC4AD5D5B65" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Corallum small, ceratoid to trochoid, and attached through a robust pedicel (PD:GCD = 0.3-0.8) that expands into a large encrusting base. Calice circular to elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.0-1.2), with serrated calicular margin. Largest examined specimen (USNM 91529) 6.9
<normalizedToken id="3D6F9EF05B2617E04FEA6402E062EED3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.8 mm in CD, 2.4 mm in PD, and 12.5 mm in H. Costae covered with well-defined transverse ridges; ridges split and re-join around corallum. Corallum white to light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2DBB018797E5DA4E308EB9F65F04CC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Septa octamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S1&gt; S2&gt; S3 (32 septa). However, one specimen (SAMC_A090071) has decamerally arranged septa (40 septa). S1 highly exsert, extending almost to columella. S2-3 becoming progressively narrower and less exsert. All septa bear sinuous axial margins, sinuosity being extreme in S1-2. S2 bearing a highly sinuous and thick pali (8 P2). Fossa shallow containing a prominent fascicular columella.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="63294DF043DD7D699184802051490876" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="ED0AE9C27924E46AFE2E75FC1C330A34" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B14D2FB2DAB448B4BA98E47CB3D409B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Kei Mouth extending towards Kosi Bay Estuary, (15 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 100-370 m. Elsewhere: New Caledonia (
<bibRefCitation id="CBA6F327C0ADA0F83A364AE3A0D8D4D1" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="91 - 118" refId="B155" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, Miller, D, 2010a. Monophyletic origin of the Caryophyllia (Scleractinia; Caryophylliidae), with description of six new species. Systematics and Biodiversity 8: 91 - 118" title="Monophyletic origin of the Caryophyllia (Scleractinia; Caryophylliidae), with description of six new species." volume="8" year="2010 a">Kitahara et al. 2010a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="235220A89D0A96DF873DB88784896ADB" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
); Hawaii
<bibRefCitation id="96C9CD414370BA09CAA4216E3D3863C0" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 30" refId="B33" refString="Cairns, S, 1984. New records of ahermatypic corals (Scleractinia) from the Hawaiian and Line Islands. Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum 25 (10): 1 - 30" title="New records of ahermatypic corals (Scleractinia) from the Hawaiian and Line Islands." volume="25" year="1984">(Cairns 1984</bibRefCitation>
); Japan; East China Sea
<bibRefCitation id="0EF2DF7A27BEBE149154E877BAAC0EF3" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">(Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
); Philippines; Indonesia (
<bibRefCitation id="AB8F99ED3CAB540A21F1F86F366E20F9" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 243" refId="B54" refString="Cairns, S, Zibrowius, H, 1997. Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 172: 27 - 243" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions." volume="172" year="1997">Cairns and Zibrowius 1997</bibRefCitation>
); Wallis and Futuna Islands; Vanuatu (
<bibRefCitation id="F7DA64193AF6FE1F87BEDD9A572E3866" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 167" refId="B41" refString="Cairns, S, 1999a. Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 180: 31 - 167" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands." volume="180" year="1999 a">Cairns 1999a</bibRefCitation>
); Australia (
<bibRefCitation id="3B9589F7E0F692A230933184C1A2FD7C" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="361 - 417" refId="B40" refString="Cairns, S, 1998. Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 18: 361 - 417" title="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of western Australia." volume="18" year="1998">Cairns 1998</bibRefCitation>
, 2004; Kitahara et al. 2010); New Zealand (
<bibRefCitation id="8A024F6B2991016E1CE6532EBC8B21B6" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 210" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, S, 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1 - 210" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa)." volume="103" year="1995">Cairns 1995</bibRefCitation>
); Mozambique; Kenya; and Maldives (
<bibRefCitation id="257BA0A590EA5566AA51D5EAD8C60EF8" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
); 71-581 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2BA6DCF83C44D9ADF2254974019FA839" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="4385B5CB41F8C0AB8EEEFE1CF4BF17CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="33CCDF9F5D6FA9145CF53013E47049AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Kitahara et al. (2010) noted that
<taxonomicName id="DD4D5F5C127DE3807329952EF2105A72" authorityName="Moseley" authorityYear="1881" class="Anthozoa" family="Stenocyathidae" genus="Caryophyllia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia (C.) rugosa" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa" subGenus="C.">Caryophyllia (C.) rugosa</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from congeners by the presence of transverse ridges and its extremely sinuous septa and pali. Although some specimens have a hexameral or decameral symmetry, the most common septal symmetry is octameral (Kitahara et al. 2010). South African specimens have both septal symmetries (octameral and decameral), for which the specimen (SAMC_A090071) that have decamerally arranged septa also displays rejuvenescence of the corallum.
<taxonomicName id="C2B4342EF89718F7580BB23C544161A7" authorityName="Moseley" authorityYear="1881" class="Anthozoa" family="Stenocyathidae" genus="Caryophyllia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia rugosa" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="0CE8D464E6A1997396A3F7D8E1BE63C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caryophyllia rugosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously reported from South African waters by
<bibRefCitation id="5E1F0FC52E45F4C4E8D43FDE16B31006" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller (1993)</bibRefCitation>
off Lake Kosi (in KwaZulu-Natal), and the examined specimens herein extend its regional distribution further north towards the Mozambican border.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>