129 lines
20 KiB
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129 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D35F738C3CC21CEFF7E408505110D902">Delimitation and description of 19 new genera, a subgenus and a species of Salticidae (Araneae) of the world</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="06567D911822E9A11BBF902AD8D0CCCE">Ecologica Montenegrina</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9366005D0A7870722D168D4E486C2B3B">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A65A251E3E5E7151F22AFECBF8A4C7C4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65A251E3E5E7151F22AFECBF8A4C7C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A65A251E3E5E7151F22AFECBF8A4C7C4" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="66E9C7833E5E7151F22AFECBFA84C547" box="[574,1012,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E4C94083E5E7151F22AFECBFA84C547" blockId="2.[574,1012,331,391]" box="[574,1012,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="750423643E5E7151F22AFECBFA84C547" box="[574,1012,331,357]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="1C87481A3E5E7151F22AFECBFA84C547" bold="true" box="[574,1012,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">
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Gen.
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<taxonomicName id="E9F3EF8B3E5E7151F295FECBFA84C547" ID-CoL="5WL2" authority="MacLeay, 1839" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1839" box="[641,1012,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1C87481A3E5E7151F295FECBFA5EC547" bold="true" box="[641,814,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Myrmarachne</emphasis>
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MacLeay, 1839
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E9C7833E5E7151F265FEECFAB2C5A5" box="[625,962,364,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2E4C94083E5E7151F265FEECFAB2C5A5" blockId="2.[574,1012,331,391]" box="[625,962,364,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">
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<figureCitation id="B6C8888D3E5E7151F265FEECFA6BC5A5" box="[625,795,364,391]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[175,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[217,1389,202,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[161,1425,189,1783]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Body color pattern and the internal structure in the informal group of MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne formicaria, female and male; C – D Myrmarachne smaragdina, female and male; E – F Myrmaplata plataleoides, female and male. The internal structure of epigyne in: G – Myrmage gedongensis, H – Myrmatheca alticephalon, I – Toxeus maxillosus, K – Myrmavola yamasaki. The sources of photos: A – B – ©Photo J. Lissner; C –" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13224405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13224405/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Figures 1A–D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B6C8888D3E5E7151F333FEECFA1FC5A5" box="[807,879,364,391]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[151,226,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[205,1393,428,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-74@7.[151,1434,358,1738]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Diversity of internal structures of epigyne in MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne tristis, B – C – M. ramosa compared with its alleged synonym M. melanocephala, D – Myrmanu nubilis, E – Myrmapeni chickeringi, F – Myrmagua guaranitica, G – Myrmaplata plataleoides, H – Myrmavola galianoae, I – Myrmapana panamensis, J – Myrmele peckhami. Sources: A, G, H – J. Prószyński, ©Annales zoologici, 2003, 51, 3: 109, Fig. 452; 1992, 44, 9: 85- 186, Figs 87; 2001, 51 (4): 520-521, Figs 10; B – J. Prószyński,©Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 2003, 12: 301, Fig. 29; C –Edwards & Benjamin, Zootaxa 2009, 2309: 10, Fig. 5C; D, J – F.R. Wanless, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology series) 33: 111, Fig. 72B; 119, Fig. 80D; 143, Fig. 70; Reproduced with the permission of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; E, F – M. E. Galiano, Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomologia, Buenos Aires, 3: 143, Figs. 65; 136, Fig. 66" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13224407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13224407/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">2A–C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B6C8888D3E5E7151F368FEECFAB2C5A5" box="[892,962,364,391]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[151,226,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[257,1315,195,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-5@8.[214,1372,189,1746]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. The diversity of palps in MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne tristis, B – M. ramosa, C – Myrmapana panamensis, D – Myrmage gedongensis, E – Myrmapeni penicillata, F –Toxeus maxillosus, G – Myrmavola galianoae, H – Myrmaplata plataleoides, I - Myrmele peckhami, J – Myrmatheca alticephalon, K – Myrmavola yamasakii – palp, tibia dorsally and male chelicera. Sources: A, G – Prószyński, ©Annales zoologici, 2003, 51, 3: 109, Figs 449-450; 520-521, Figs. 7 – 8; B, D, H – J. Prószyński, ©Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 2003, 12 (7): 301, 22-23; 308, Figs 49-513; 299, Figs 4-5; 117, Figs 49-50; C, E – M. E. Galiano, ©Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomologia, Buenos Aires 3: 143, Figs 69-70; 117, Figs. 49- 50; 136, Figs 46-47; I - F.R. Wanless, ©Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology series) 33(1): 119, Fig. 80A. Reproduced with the permission of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13224409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13224409/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">3A–B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E9C7833E5E7151F083FE30FDF8C62C" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="2E4C94083E5E7151F083FE30FA1BC5E8" blockId="2.[151,1435,431,998]" box="[151,875,431,458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="1C87481A3E5E7151F083FE30F844C5E8" bold="true" box="[151,308,432,458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">
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<typeStatus id="F1482AAA3E5E7151F083FE30F9A7C5E8" box="[151,215,432,458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="E9F3EF8B3E5E7151F157FE2FFA14C5E8" ID-CoL="6S3GX" authority="MacLeay, 1839" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1839" box="[323,868,431,458]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocephala">
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<emphasis id="1C87481A3E5E7151F157FE2FFBD4C5E8" box="[323,676,431,458]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Myrmarachne melanocephala</emphasis>
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MacLeay, 1839
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4C94083E5E7151F0E2FE52FDF8C62C" blockId="2.[151,1435,431,998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="1C87481A3E5E7151F0E2FE52FB52C5CE" bold="true" box="[246,546,466,492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Documentation studied.</emphasis>
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Comparative diagnostic drawings of 103 species in
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<bibRefCitation id="4A62E9F93E5E7151F483FE51FC0CC5CE" author="Proszynski, J." box="[1175,1404,465,492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" refId="ref18444" refString="Proszynski, J. (2016 a) Monograph of Salticidae (Araneae) of the World 1995 - 2015. Part I: Introduction to alternative classification of Salticidae." type="book" year="2016">Prószyński (2016a)</bibRefCitation>
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at http://www.peckhamia.com/salticidae/q24-
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<taxonomicName id="E9F3EF8B3E5E7151F286FE73FA4AC62C" ID-CoL="5WL2" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1839" box="[658,826,499,526]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmarachne</taxonomicName>
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.html, and original literature.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E9C7833E5E7151F0E2FD95FD84C7A3" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="2E4C94083E5E7151F0E2FD95FD84C7A3" blockId="2.[151,1435,431,998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="1C87481A3E5E7151F0E2FD95F818C60D" bold="true" box="[246,360,533,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Remarks</emphasis>
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. Representative, most speciose genus of the informal group of genera MYRMARACHNINES restricted now to
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<taxonomicName id="E9F3EF8B3E5E7151F29FFDB6FA0DC672" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[651,893,566,593]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
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<emphasis id="1C87481A3E5E7151F29FFDB6FA0DC672" box="[651,893,566,593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Myrmarachne tristis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="E9F3EF8B3E5E7151F3ADFDB6FD47C673" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[953,1079,566,593]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formicaria">
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<emphasis id="1C87481A3E5E7151F3ADFDB6FD47C673" box="[953,1079,566,593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">formicaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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groups of species of
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<bibRefCitation id="4A62E9F93E5E7151F52CFDB6F998C651" author="Wanless, F. R." pageId="2" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 139" refId="ref18607" refString="Wanless, F. R. (1978) A revision of the spider genera Belippo and Myrmarachne (Araneae: Salticidae) in the Ethiopian region. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zool.), 33, 1 - 139." type="journal article" year="1978">Wanless (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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, containing 103 identifiable species, there are also 106 unrecognizable nominal species and 128 synonyms. Females of all these species can be identified by having loop-like detour in the anterior third of “
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<emphasis id="1C87481A3E5E7151F0B0FD1CF866C695" box="[164,278,668,695]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">pipes-like</emphasis>
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” spermathecae (
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<figureCitation id="B6C8888D3E5E7151F1F6FD1CFB02C695" box="[482,626,668,695]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[151,226,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[205,1393,428,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-74@7.[151,1434,358,1738]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Diversity of internal structures of epigyne in MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne tristis, B – C – M. ramosa compared with its alleged synonym M. melanocephala, D – Myrmanu nubilis, E – Myrmapeni chickeringi, F – Myrmagua guaranitica, G – Myrmaplata plataleoides, H – Myrmavola galianoae, I – Myrmapana panamensis, J – Myrmele peckhami. Sources: A, G, H – J. Prószyński, ©Annales zoologici, 2003, 51, 3: 109, Fig. 452; 1992, 44, 9: 85- 186, Figs 87; 2001, 51 (4): 520-521, Figs 10; B – J. Prószyński,©Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 2003, 12: 301, Fig. 29; C –Edwards & Benjamin, Zootaxa 2009, 2309: 10, Fig. 5C; D, J – F.R. Wanless, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology series) 33: 111, Fig. 72B; 119, Fig. 80D; 143, Fig. 70; Reproduced with the permission of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; E, F – M. E. Galiano, Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomologia, Buenos Aires, 3: 143, Figs. 65; 136, Fig. 66" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13224407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13224407/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Figs. 2A–C</figureCitation>
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). Males are recognizable by corkscrew-like, short tibial apophysis with flange, and by additional thin loop of spermophor in male palps (
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<figureCitation id="B6C8888D3E5E7151F406FD3DFDC1C6FA" box="[1042,1201,701,728]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[151,226,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[257,1315,195,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-5@8.[214,1372,189,1746]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. The diversity of palps in MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne tristis, B – M. ramosa, C – Myrmapana panamensis, D – Myrmage gedongensis, E – Myrmapeni penicillata, F –Toxeus maxillosus, G – Myrmavola galianoae, H – Myrmaplata plataleoides, I - Myrmele peckhami, J – Myrmatheca alticephalon, K – Myrmavola yamasakii – palp, tibia dorsally and male chelicera. Sources: A, G – Prószyński, ©Annales zoologici, 2003, 51, 3: 109, Figs 449-450; 520-521, Figs. 7 – 8; B, D, H – J. Prószyński, ©Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 2003, 12 (7): 301, 22-23; 308, Figs 49-513; 299, Figs 4-5; 117, Figs 49-50; C, E – M. E. Galiano, ©Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomologia, Buenos Aires 3: 143, Figs 69-70; 117, Figs. 49- 50; 136, Figs 46-47; I - F.R. Wanless, ©Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology series) 33(1): 119, Fig. 80A. Reproduced with the permission of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13224409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13224409/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3A– B</figureCitation>
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). Other characters, popularly used, are unreliable and do not permit to separate these spiders from other genera: body shape is variable, with various constrictions of carapace and abdomen as well as color pattern (
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<figureCitation id="B6C8888D3E5E7151F4E3FC81FCFDC73E" box="[1271,1421,769,796]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[175,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[217,1389,202,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[161,1425,189,1783]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Body color pattern and the internal structure in the informal group of MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne formicaria, female and male; C – D Myrmarachne smaragdina, female and male; E – F Myrmaplata plataleoides, female and male. The internal structure of epigyne in: G – Myrmage gedongensis, H – Myrmatheca alticephalon, I – Toxeus maxillosus, K – Myrmavola yamasaki. The sources of photos: A – B – ©Photo J. Lissner; C –" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13224405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13224405/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1A–D</figureCitation>
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), chelicerae of males are enormously enlarged, but vary, sometimes as long as carapace, but may be longer, or shorter. The copies of almost all diagnostic drawings of
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<taxonomicName id="E9F3EF8B3E5E7151F351FCC4FA9BC77D" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1839" box="[837,1003,836,863]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1C87481A3E5E7151F351FCC4FA9BC77D" box="[837,1003,836,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Myrmarachne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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available in the world literature, as well as the list of all nominal species and synonymic names are given in
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<bibRefCitation id="4A62E9F93E5E7151F3F9FCE6FDB9C7A3" author="Proszynski, J." box="[1005,1225,870,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" refId="ref18444" refString="Proszynski, J. (2016 a) Monograph of Salticidae (Araneae) of the World 1995 - 2015. Part I: Introduction to alternative classification of Salticidae." type="book" year="2016">Prószyński (2016a</bibRefCitation>
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, b).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66E9C7833E5E7151F0E2FC08F8A4C7C4" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4C94083E5E7151F0E2FC08F8A4C7C4" blockId="2.[151,1435,431,998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C87481A3E5E7151F0E2FC08F8E6C780" bold="true" box="[246,406,904,930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F3EF8B3E5E7151F189FC08FB33C781" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1839" box="[413,579,904,931]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Myrmarachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C87481A3E5E7151F189FC08FB33C781" box="[413,579,904,931]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Myrmarachne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1C87481A3E5E7151F241FC09FB98C780" box="[597,744,905,930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) occurs in warm and temperate areas of the Old World,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E4D4983E5E7151F083FC29F873C7E6" box="[151,259,937,964]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Pacific Islands, with distributional centers in tropical Africa and Asia. One species migrated recently to North America.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |