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<document id="E61377E836117048D68668D8082A9D81" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.158636" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f74a567-982e-47f3-832a-35329cac1ec6" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="158636" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461031750201" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Qiu, Lihong, Fang, Yuanyuan, Zhou, Yong &amp; B, Yi Pang And Khuong" docDate="2004" docId="A564812E88196A0FD929FA72FC9C1508" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00704.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 704" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Steinernema guangdongense Qiu, Fang, Zhou &amp; B, 2004, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="595DF956881A6A1DD821FFA6FFE2172D" masterDocTitle="Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum (nomen nudum)" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698573445263" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9387833A345C823A9C138E085CE1A802">Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum (nomen nudum)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="349BBC6E081C0906CB17F1AF9CD38BD0">Qiu, Lihong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0633D593B0431ADDC9C24D6196165F01">Fang, Yuanyuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="550AB605CED76C7738F44B3BB8DF5EF0">Zhou, Yong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B7AD57DEDEB02B814512469B6ADB857D">B, Yi Pang And Khuong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="7DB7893842CD61DC2A71DC338D7C016D">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A564812E88196A0FD929FA72FC9C1508" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6269917" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119608200" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6269917" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A564812E88196A0FD929FA72FC9C1508" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A564812E88196A0FD929FA72FC9C1508" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="65D763B388196A1ED929FA72FE63113D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2D72303888196A1ED929FA72FD4D12C0" blockId="3.[264,687,1491,1552]" box="[264,687,1491,1518]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="763A875488196A1ED929FA72FD4D12C0" bold="true" box="[264,687,1491,1518]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88196A1ED929FA72FD4D12C0" bold="true" box="[264,687,1491,1518]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88196A1ED929FA72FD8412C3" box="[264,614,1492,1518]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88196A1ED929FA72FD8412C3" bold="true" box="[264,614,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Steinernema guangdongense</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188196A1EDA4CFA75FD4D12C0" box="[621,687,1491,1517]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="2D72303888196A1ED929FA50FE63113D" blockId="3.[264,687,1491,1552]" box="[264,385,1526,1552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
(
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88196A1ED931FA50FE9A113D" box="[272,376,1526,1552]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="4.[264,368,1317,1341]" captionStartId-1="5.[264,367,1696,1720]" captionStartId-2="6.[264,367,1028,1052]" captionStartId-3="6.[264,367,1815,1839]" captionStartId-4="9.[264,368,1577,1601]" captionStartId-5="10.[264,367,1357,1381]" captionStartId-6="11.[264,368,1832,1856]" captionStartId-7="15.[264,367,1423,1447]" captionTargetBox-0="[338,1200,672,1299]" captionTargetBox-1="[267,1319,762,1668]" captionTargetBox-2="[293,1309,283,1021]" captionTargetBox-3="[354,1216,1200,1814]" captionTargetBox-4="[271,1315,398,1576]" captionTargetBox-5="[269,1317,560,1349]" captionTargetBox-7="[357,1221,312,1398]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[312,1272,655,1308]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[267,1320,762,1670]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[293,1310,282,1023]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[354,1240,1180,1818]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[271,1315,398,1576]" captionTargetId-5="figure@10.[269,1317,560,1354]" captionTargetId-7="figure@15.[357,1221,308,1402]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionTargetPageId-5="10" captionTargetPageId-7="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp, first generation male and infective juvenile. Scale bars: A, B, C = 50 μm, D, E. = 20 μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. SEM photographs of the first­generation Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. A, head of a young female showing labial (l) and cephalic (c) papillae. B, tail of a young female. C, posterior end of a male showing genital papillae (p). E, F, spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, D = 10 μm, B = 42.9 μm, C = 42.5 μm. E, F = 20 μm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Comparative photographs of spicule shape and spicule tips of the first­generation male of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. (A, B) and S. longicaudum (C, D). Note: Spicule tip of S. longicaudum suddenly narrow to form the tip but not for S. guangdongense n. sp. Scale bars: A, B = 20 μm, C, D = 25 μm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. first and second generations females. A, anterior region. B, C, variation in tail shape and mucron­like structure. D, vulva and double flapped epiptygma. E, vulva and epiptygma of the second generation female. Scale bar: A­E = 50 μm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. Light­microscope photographs. A­B, epiptygma of the first generation females. C­D, tails of infective juveniles showing dorsal constriction (arrows), compared to no dorsal constriction in S. longicaudum in E­F. G, mature female of the first generation with prominent post­anal swelling. H, second generation female with longer tail. Scales: A, B = 18 μm, C = 24 μm, D = 22 μm, E, F = 22 μm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. SEM photographs of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. infective juvenile. A­B, anterior region showing one lateral line, closed mouth (m), amphids (a) and cephalic (c) papillae. C, lateral field with 2 ridges (3 incisures). D, lateral field showing the change of lateral field pattern from 2 to 7 ridges. E, lateral field showing 7 ridges and the middle one (number 4) is divided into 2 making 8 ridges in lateral field. F, lateral field showing phasmid (p) and 7 ridges changing to 4 then 2. Scales: A = 6.67 μm, B = 5 μm, C = 8.60 μm, D ­ F = 6.67 μm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Selective blocks of sequence alignments of ITS regions and partial 28 S showing diagnostic characters (red letters) of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. (continued on the next page)." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic relationships between 17 species of Steinernema with bootstrap analysis of ITS regions. The five species S. diaprepesi, S, glaseri, S. guangdongense, S. longicaudum (strains CB 2 B and CWL 05) form a monophyletic group. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap proportion." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/158637/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/158638/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/158639/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/158640/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/169451/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/169452/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/158643/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1–8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="65D763B388196A15D929F9E1FE6E129E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="2D72303888196A1ED929F9E1FE70114D" blockId="3.[264,1323,1607,1872]" box="[264,402,1607,1632]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88196A1ED929F9E1FE70114D" box="[264,402,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888196A19D919F9C9FAEE1563" blockId="3.[264,1323,1607,1872]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1323,284,590]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88196A1ED919F9C9FDA411A5" box="[312,582,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">First­generation male:</emphasis>
Measurements are in
<tableCitation id="604F058388196A1EDB73F9C8FC4E11A5" box="[850,940,1646,1672]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[264,352,287,311]" captionTargetBox="[264,1309,349,624]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics (in µm) of different stages of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/79B260B0881D6A1AD929FEB9FB38161B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" tableUuid="79B260B0881D6A1AD929FEB9FB38161B">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Body curved ventrally posteriorly, C­shaped when heat­killed. Head rounded, usually slightly swollen. Anterior end with six labial papillae, two amphids and four prominent cephalic papillae (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88196A1EDC9BF918FAE411F5" box="[1210,1286,1726,1752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,762,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[267,1320,762,1670]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. SEM photographs of the first­generation Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. A, head of a young female showing labial (l) and cephalic (c) papillae. B, tail of a young female. C, posterior end of a male showing genital papillae (p). E, F, spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, D = 10 μm, B = 42.9 μm, C = 42.5 μm. E, F = 20 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158638/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D). Stoma shallow, cheilorhabdions as small and sclerotized structures at anterior end, sometimes indistinct. Excretory pore located mostly anterior to basal bulb. Esophagus with cylindrical procorpus, metacorpus slightly swollen, isthmus present, nerve ring around isthmus, basal bulb distinct. Esophago­intestinal valve present. Gonad monorchic, reflexed. Distance from base of esophagus to anterior end of testis variable. Spicules paired, brown in color. Head (manubrium) of spicules with rounded anterior end, almost continuous with shaft (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD881E6A19DA34FE32FDBE1683" box="[533,604,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,762,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[267,1320,762,1670]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. SEM photographs of the first­generation Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. A, head of a young female showing labial (l) and cephalic (c) papillae. B, tail of a young female. C, posterior end of a male showing genital papillae (p). E, F, spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, D = 10 μm, B = 42.9 μm, C = 42.5 μm. E, F = 20 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158638/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E). Shaft (calomus) very short or absent, blade (lamina) thick anteriorly, tapering gradually posteriorly, blade terminus blunt, velum present, sometimes very thin (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD881E6A19D9A8FE42FE2D16D3" box="[393,463,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox="[338,1200,672,1299]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[312,1272,655,1308]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp, first generation male and infective juvenile. Scale bars: A, B, C = 50 μm, D, E. = 20 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158637/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B,C). Each spicule with two internal sclerotized ribs. Gubernaculum boat­shaped in lateral view, tapering gradually anteriorly. There are eleven pairs and one single precloacal genital papillae. Tail conoid, tail terminus rounded without a mucron.
</paragraph>
<caption id="79B260B0881E6A19D929FA83FD791273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158637/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[338,1200,672,1299]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="2D723038881E6A19D929FA83FD791273" blockId="4.[264,1322,1317,1375]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881E6A19D929FA83FE691210" bold="true" box="[264,395,1317,1341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB881E6A19D9B2FA83FD241211" box="[403,710,1317,1340]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881E6A19D9B2FA83FD241211" box="[403,710,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Steinernema guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. sp, first generation male and infective juvenile. Scale bars: A, B,C = 50 μm, D, E. = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D723038881E6A19D919FA1CFD7812D1" blockId="4.[264,1323,1466,1893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Second­generation male similar to that of the first generation except body, spicule and gubernaculum shorter and thinner.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881E6A19D919F9ADFAC91048" blockId="4.[264,1323,1466,1893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881E6A19D919F9ADFDB91109" box="[312,603,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">First­generation female:</emphasis>
Measurements are in
<tableCitation id="604F0583881E6A19DB49F9ACFC201109" box="[872,962,1546,1572]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[264,352,287,311]" captionTargetBox="[264,1309,349,624]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics (in µm) of different stages of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/79B260B0881D6A1AD929FEB9FB38161B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="79B260B0881D6A1AD929FEB9FB38161B">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Body cuticle smooth or with faint annules. Lateral fields and phasmids not observed. Head rounded, continuous with body; six labial and four cephalic papillae (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD881E6A19DB3DF9FCFC851159" box="[796,871,1626,1652]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,762,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[267,1320,762,1670]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. SEM photographs of the first­generation Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. A, head of a young female showing labial (l) and cephalic (c) papillae. B, tail of a young female. C, posterior end of a male showing genital papillae (p). E, F, spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, D = 10 μm, B = 42.9 μm, C = 42.5 μm. E, F = 20 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158638/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Lips indistinct. Amphids usually inconspicuous even under SEM. Stoma shallow, subtriangular anteriorly; triradiate internally. Cheilorhabdions, well sclerotized but small (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD881E6A19DB48F90CFC5211E9" box="[873,944,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[354,1216,1200,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[354,1240,1180,1818]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. first and second generations females. A, anterior region. B, C, variation in tail shape and mucron­like structure. D, vulva and double flapped epiptygma. E, vulva and epiptygma of the second generation female. Scale bar: A­E = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158640/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A). A smaller sclerotized structure posterior to cheilorhabdions (presumably the prorhabdions), observed in other species, indistinct in this species. Esophagus with procorpus cylindrical, muscular; metacorpus swollen; isthmus distinct; basal bulb valvate as in other steinernematids. Nerve ring surrounding isthmus, just anterior to basal bulb. Esophago­intestinal valve present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881F6A18D929FEBAFE76150B" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Excretory pore located near mid­esophagus, anterior to nerve ring. Gonads amphidelphic, reflexed, often containing many eggs. Vulva a transverse slit situated on a protruding area, small double­flapped epiptygma present (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD881F6A18DAD4FECAFCDC16AB" box="[757,830,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[354,1216,1200,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[354,1240,1180,1818]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. first and second generations females. A, anterior region. B, C, variation in tail shape and mucron­like structure. D, vulva and double flapped epiptygma. E, vulva and epiptygma of the second generation female. Scale bar: A­E = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158640/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D). Anterior lip larger than posterior one. Body diameter right anterior to vulva larger than that posterior to vulva. Vagina sclerotized, short. Tail shape variable, with blunt terminus, occationally, a mucron­like structure present on dorsal side (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD881F6A18DA39FE42FD8216D3" box="[536,608,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[354,1216,1200,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[354,1240,1180,1818]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. first and second generations females. A, anterior region. B, C, variation in tail shape and mucron­like structure. D, vulva and double flapped epiptygma. E, vulva and epiptygma of the second generation female. Scale bar: A­E = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158640/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B,C). Ventral postanal swelling present, tail shorter than anal body width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881F6A18D919FD92FBC015B3" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881F6A18D919FD92FD941560" box="[312,630,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Second­generation female:</emphasis>
Similar to first generation female but smaller. Vulva less protruding, epiptygma presesent but less prominent (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD881F6A18DBA1FDFAFC2B155B" box="[896,969,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[354,1216,1200,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[354,1240,1180,1818]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. first and second generations females. A, anterior region. B, C, variation in tail shape and mucron­like structure. D, vulva and double flapped epiptygma. E, vulva and epiptygma of the second generation female. Scale bar: A­E = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158640/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
E). Tail, tapering to a pointed end, longer than anal body width; ventral postanal swelling present.
</paragraph>
<caption id="79B260B0881F6A18D929F906FD161033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158638/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[267,1319,762,1668]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="2D723038881F6A18D929F906FD161033" blockId="5.[264,1326,1696,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881F6A18D929F906FE6B1195" bold="true" box="[264,393,1696,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
SEM photographs of the first­generation
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB881F6A18DB64F906FB95119A" box="[837,1143,1696,1719]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881F6A18DB64F906FB95119A" box="[837,1143,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Steinernema guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A5151881F6A18DC5CF906FB54119A" box="[1149,1206,1696,1719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A, head of a young female showing labial (l) and cephalic (c) papillae. B, tail of a young female. C, posterior end of a male showing genital papillae (p). E, F, spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, D = 10 μm, B = 42.9 μm, C = 42.5 μm. E, F = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="79B260B0881C6A1BD929FBA2FE3013AE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158639/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[293,1309,283,1021]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="2D723038881C6A1BD929FBA2FE3013AE" blockId="6.[264,1323,1028,1156]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881C6A1BD929FBA2FE681331" bold="true" box="[264,394,1028,1052]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Comparative photographs of spicule shape and spicule tips of the first­generation male of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB881C6A1BD905FB8EFDB41312" box="[292,598,1064,1087]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881C6A1BD905FB8EFDB41312" box="[292,598,1064,1087]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Steinernema guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A5151881C6A1BDA7CFB81FD741313" box="[605,662,1063,1086]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A, B) and
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB881C6A1BDB33FB8EFC551312" box="[786,951,1063,1087]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881C6A1BDB33FB8EFCFD1312" box="[786,799,1064,1087]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881C6A1BDB0DFB8EFC551312" box="[812,951,1064,1087]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C, D). Note: Spicule tip of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB881C6A1BDCC4FB8EFE93134C" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881C6A1BDCC4FB8EFB101312" box="[1253,1266,1064,1087]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881C6A1BDCDEFB8EFE93134C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suddenly narrow to form the tip but not for
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB881C6A1BDB62FBECFBE6134C" box="[835,1028,1098,1121]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881C6A1BDB62FBECFBE6134C" box="[835,1028,1098,1121]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A5151881C6A1BDC2BFBECFBA1134C" box="[1034,1091,1098,1121]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Scale bars: A, B = 20 μm, C, D = 25 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="79B260B0881C6A1BD929F8B1FB211040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158640/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[354,1216,1200,1814]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="2D723038881C6A1BD929F8B1FB211040" blockId="6.[264,1324,1815,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881C6A1BD929F8B1FE6E1002" bold="true" box="[264,396,1815,1839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB881C6A1BD9B7F8B1FD291003" box="[406,715,1815,1838]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881C6A1BD9B7F8B1FD291003" box="[406,715,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Steinernema guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A5151881C6A1BDAF5F8B1FCED1003" box="[724,783,1815,1838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
first and second generations females. A, anterior region. B, C, variation in tail shape and mucron­like structure. D, vulva and double flapped epiptygma. E, vulva and epiptygma of the second generation female. Scale bar: A­E = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="79B260B0881D6A1AD929FEB9FB38161B" ID-Table-UUID="79B260B0881D6A1AD929FEB9FB38161B" box="[264,1242,287,311]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/79B260B0881D6A1AD929FEB9FB38161B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[264,1309,349,624]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD929FEB9FB38161B" blockId="7.[264,1242,287,311]" box="[264,1242,287,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881D6A1AD929FEB9FE99161A" bold="true" box="[264,379,287,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometrics (in µm) of different stages of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB881D6A1ADB49FE86FB79161A" box="[872,1179,288,311]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A881D6A1ADB49FE86FB79161A" box="[872,1179,288,311]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Steinernema guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A5151881D6A1ADC80FEB9FB38161B" box="[1185,1242,287,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AFEFBFAF2155D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<table id="5FCDC298881D95E2D929FEFBFAFF155D" box="[264,1309,349,624]" gridcols="4" gridrows="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<tr id="93FD327A881D95E2D929FEFBFAFF16B9" box="[264,1309,349,404]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D02C5B06881D95E2D929FEFBFE5A16B9" box="[264,440,349,404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Character</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881D95E2DA21FEFBFC7F16B9" box="[512,925,349,404]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">First generation Holotype Male Female Allotype</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881D95E2DB93FEFBFB7D16B9" box="[946,1183,349,404]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Second generation Male Female</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881D95E2DC9AFEFBFAFF16B9" box="[1211,1309,349,404]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Infective Juvenile</th>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881D95E2D929FE00FAFF1694" box="[264,1309,422,441]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D02C5B06881D95E2D929FE00FE5A1694" box="[264,440,422,441]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881D95E2DA21FE00FC7F1694" box="[512,925,422,441]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">20 20</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881D95E2DB93FE00FB7D1694" box="[946,1183,422,441]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">20 20</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881D95E2DC9AFE00FAFF1694" box="[1211,1309,422,441]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881D95E2D929FE6DFAFF152F" box="[264,1309,459,514]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D02C5B06881D95E2D929FE6DFE5A152F" box="[264,440,459,514]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Body length</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881D95E2DA21FE6DFC7F152F" box="[512,925,459,514]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2000 1809 ± 415 5050 ± 913 6250 (1627–2126) (3800–6800)</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881D95E2DB93FE6DFB7D152F" box="[946,1183,459,514]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1441 ± 43.7 276 ± 201 (1350–1500) (3130–2500)</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881D95E2DC9AFE6DFAFF152F" box="[1211,1309,459,514]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1055 ± 49 (987–1145)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881D95E2D929FDB2FAFF150A" box="[264,1309,532,551]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D02C5B06881D95E2D929FDB2FE5A150A" box="[264,440,532,551]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Greatest body width</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881D95E2DA21FDB2FC7F150A" box="[512,925,532,551]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">135 112 ± 14 218 ± 29 265</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881D95E2DB93FDB2FB7D150A" box="[946,1183,532,551]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">80 ± 3.5 143 ± 8</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881D95E2DC9AFDB2FAFF150A" box="[1211,1309,532,551]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">42 ± 4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881D95E2D929FD9FFAFF155D" box="[264,1309,569,624]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="D02C5B06881D95E2D929FD9FFE5A155D" box="[264,440,569,624]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">EP</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881D95E2DA21FD9FFC7F155D" box="[512,925,569,624]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(90–135) (175–275) 123 120 ± 8 158 ± 7 163</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881D95E2DB93FD9FFB7D155D" box="[946,1183,569,624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(75–88) (130–155) 119 ± 2.8 119 ± 5.6</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881D95E2DC9AFD9FFAFF155D" box="[1211,1309,569,624]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(30–48) 80 ± 3.6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADA49FD24FAEC15B8" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[616,1294,642,661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(103–132) (150–175) (113–123) (113–130) (71­ 85)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AFD01FAEF1597" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1293,679,698]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">NR 130 127 ± 8 163 ± 15 162 136 ± 4.9 165 ± 2.5 102 ± 6</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADA49FD6DFAF015F3" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[616,1298,715,734]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(109–139) (143–200) (125–143) (?–168) (88–111)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AFD56FAEF142E" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1293,752,771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ES 165 162 ± 7 199 ± 16 230 166 ± 5.9 204 ± 4.9 134 ± 5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADA49FCB3FAFA1405" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[616,1304,789,808]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(150–176) (183­238) (160–175) (195–215) (123–144)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AFC9FFAEA1461" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1288,825,844]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Tail length (T) 35 31 ± 3 55 ±
<date id="597316F8881D6A1ADB03FC9FFC391461" box="[802,987,825,844]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1940-08-30">8 40 30</date>
± 1.8 80 ± 3 91 ± 8
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADA52FCF8FAF1145C" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[627,1299,862,881]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(24–38) (43–65) (28–33) (75–85) (82–103)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AFC25FAEA14BB" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1288,899,918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Anal body diam (ABW) 55 50 ± 5 77 ± 15 75 42 ± 3.2 54 ± 2.4 27 ± 2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADA52FC01FAEF1497" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[627,1293,935,954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(42–58) (63­118) (38–48) (50–58) (24–32)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AFC6AFBE514F2" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1031,972,991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spicule length (SP) 85 86 ± 3 71±3.9</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADA52FC57FBE91329" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[627,1035,1009,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(80–94) (65–80)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AFBB0FBEF1304" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1037,1046,1065]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gubernaculum length (GU) 70 64 ± 6 46 ± 2.9</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADA52FB9CFBEB1360" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[627,1033,1082,1101]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(47–73) (25­42)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AFBF9FAEA135F" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1288,1119,1138]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">a 25 ± 3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADCEBFB25FAEF13BB" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[1226,1293,1155,1174]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(22–35)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AFB0EFAF01396" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1298,1192,1211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">b 7.9 ± 0.3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADCE4FB6BFAF113CD" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[1221,1299,1229,1248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(7.3–8.5)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AFB55FAF41228" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1302,1266,1288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">c 11.6 ± 0.7</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADC9BFABCFAFF1200" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[1210,1309,1306,1325]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(10.2–12.9)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AFA98FAEA127C" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1288,1342,1361]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H% 57 ± 3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADCEDFAC5FAEE125B" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[1228,1292,1379,1398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(53­62)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AFA2EFAEA12B6" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1288,1416,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D% =EP/ES x 100 75 70 ± 17 71 ± 3 59 ± 3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADA52FA0BFAEF12ED" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[627,1293,1453,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(67–78) (67­75) (54–65)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AFA77FAEA12C9" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1288,1489,1508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E% = EP/T x 100 88 ± 7</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADCE4FA50FAF11124" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[1221,1299,1526,1545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(74–100)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AF9BDFBF81103" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1050,1563,1582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SW=SP/ABW 1.55 1.75 ± 0.20 1.83 ± 0.16</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADA42F999FBFB117F" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[611,1049,1599,1618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(1.52–2.16) (1.58­2.00)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AF9C2FBFB115A" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1049,1636,1655]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">GS=GU/SP 0.82 0.75 ± 0.06 0.65 ± 0.06</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADA42F92EFBFB11B6" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[611,1049,1672,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(0.59–0.82) (0.59­0.74)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD92AF90BFB6911ED" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[267,1163,1709,1728]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">V% 49.5 ± 0.75 50 53 ± 1.5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1ADACEF974FB6511C8" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[751,1159,1746,1765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(48­50) (51­56)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD929F8A2FD57103A" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[264,693,1796,1815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">EP = distance from anterior end to excretory pore.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD929F885FD77101B" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[264,661,1827,1846]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">NR = distance from anterior end to nerve ring.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD929F8E6FD2C107E" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[264,718,1856,1875]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ES = distance from anterior end to end of esophagus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038881D6A1AD929F8FEFD6C1046" blockId="7.[264,1309,642,1899]" box="[264,654,1880,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H% = hyaline portion on tail/tail length x 100</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888126A15D919FEBAFBF21413" blockId="8.[264,1323,284,950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88126A15D919FEBAFDF81618" box="[312,538,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Infective juveniles:</emphasis>
Measurements are in
<tableCitation id="604F058388126A15DB0EFEBAFC69161B" box="[815,907,284,310]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[264,352,287,311]" captionTargetBox="[264,1309,349,624]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics (in µm) of different stages of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/79B260B0881D6A1AD929FEB9FB38161B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="79B260B0881D6A1AD929FEB9FB38161B">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Body elongate. Sheath (secondstage cuticle) present immediately after harvesting, but many IJ will lose their sheath in storage. Labial region smooth, rounded anteriorly, continuous with body. Labial papillae not seen; four cephalic papillae prominent. Amphids slit­shaped but not prominent, sometimes covered with exudates. Cuticle marked with prominent transverse striations. Lateral field begins anteriorly with one line at annule five or six (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88126A15DB8CFE42FC1616D3" box="[941,1012,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1357,1381]" captionTargetBox="[269,1317,560,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[269,1317,560,1354]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM photographs of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. infective juvenile. A­B, anterior region showing one lateral line, closed mouth (m), amphids (a) and cephalic (c) papillae. C, lateral field with 2 ridges (3 incisures). D, lateral field showing the change of lateral field pattern from 2 to 7 ridges. E, lateral field showing 7 ridges and the middle one (number 4) is divided into 2 making 8 ridges in lateral field. F, lateral field showing phasmid (p) and 7 ridges changing to 4 then 2. Scales: A = 6.67 μm, B = 5 μm, C = 8.60 μm, D ­ F = 6.67 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169452/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A,B). Two additional lines appear at annules 10­11 to form two ridges (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88126A15DB32FDAAFCB8150B" box="[787,858,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1357,1381]" captionTargetBox="[269,1317,560,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[269,1317,560,1354]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM photographs of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. infective juvenile. A­B, anterior region showing one lateral line, closed mouth (m), amphids (a) and cephalic (c) papillae. C, lateral field with 2 ridges (3 incisures). D, lateral field showing the change of lateral field pattern from 2 to 7 ridges. E, lateral field showing 7 ridges and the middle one (number 4) is divided into 2 making 8 ridges in lateral field. F, lateral field showing phasmid (p) and 7 ridges changing to 4 then 2. Scales: A = 6.67 μm, B = 5 μm, C = 8.60 μm, D ­ F = 6.67 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169452/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C). Near excretory pore level, the number of ridges in lateral fields increases from two to seven (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88126A15DB8AFD92FC131563" box="[939,1009,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1357,1381]" captionTargetBox="[269,1317,560,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[269,1317,560,1354]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM photographs of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. infective juvenile. A­B, anterior region showing one lateral line, closed mouth (m), amphids (a) and cephalic (c) papillae. C, lateral field with 2 ridges (3 incisures). D, lateral field showing the change of lateral field pattern from 2 to 7 ridges. E, lateral field showing 7 ridges and the middle one (number 4) is divided into 2 making 8 ridges in lateral field. F, lateral field showing phasmid (p) and 7 ridges changing to 4 then 2. Scales: A = 6.67 μm, B = 5 μm, C = 8.60 μm, D ­ F = 6.67 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169452/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C). Near the end of esophagus, the central ridge divides into two, making a total of eight ridges, the maximum number in the lateral field. The portion with eight ridges is the longest part (compared to portions with 2, 7, 4 ridges) of the lateral field. Near anus, the number of ridges reduced to seven. Some annules posterior to phasmid, the seven ridges in lateral field become four ridges. Three or four annules after that, the four ridges change to two ridges. With the above description, the formula of the lateral field is 2, 7, 8, 7, 4, 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888126A15D919FCEAFCEC149B" blockId="8.[264,1323,284,950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Esophagus with thin corpus, basal bulb more or less elongate with visible valve. Tail attenuate, tapering gradually with constriction on dorsal side (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88126A15DBFDFCD2FBC314A3" box="[988,1057,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[271,1315,398,1576]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[271,1315,398,1576]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. Light­microscope photographs. A­B, epiptygma of the first generation females. C­D, tails of infective juveniles showing dorsal constriction (arrows), compared to no dorsal constriction in S. longicaudum in E­F. G, mature female of the first generation with prominent post­anal swelling. H, second generation female with longer tail. Scales: A, B = 18 μm, C = 24 μm, D = 22 μm, E, F = 22 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169451/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C­F). Hyaline portion occupies about 57.5% (52­63) of tail length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888126A15D929FC47FE1B14D7" blockId="8.[264,1325,993,1459]" box="[264,505,993,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88126A15D929FC47FE1B14D7" box="[264,505,993,1018]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CROSS­BREEDING</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888126A15D919FBAFFE6E129E" blockId="8.[264,1325,993,1459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
No offspring were observed from any of the slides with two females indicating that none of GDc339, CB2B and CWL05 could self­fertilize and produced second­generation nematodes. Offspring were found from most of the slides in which two inoculated IJs developed into opposite sex adults for all treatments and control. Nematodes in the control developed further into adults of the second generation and many IJ were produced after that. For treatments, nematodes developed slowly, a number of them died; some of them developed to adults, but none of the females had eggs in the body. All of them died in about 10 day after becoming adults. No IJ were produced. The repeated test showed similar results. The above evidence showed that
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88126A15DB39FAEFFC0D124F" box="[792,1007,1353,1378]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88126A15DB39FAEFFC0D124F" box="[792,1007,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188126A15DBD6FAEFFBDA124E" box="[1015,1080,1353,1379]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88126A15DC52FAEFFAC9124F" box="[1139,1323,1353,1378]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88126A15DC52FAEFFAC9124F" box="[1139,1323,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar to each other; they could hybridize but would produce non­fertile second generation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="65D763B388126A14D929FA79FDA91673" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2D72303888126A15D929FA79FCF612D5" blockId="8.[264,1324,1503,1889]" box="[264,788,1503,1528]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88126A15D929FA79FCF612D5" box="[264,788,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectionCode id="4BDCA8FD88126A15D929FA79FE7F12D5" box="[264,413,1503,1528]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="F2768E9A88126A15D929FA79FEAE12D5" box="[264,332,1503,1528]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TYPE</typeStatus>
HOST
</collectionCode>
, LOCALITY AND SPECIMENS
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888126A15D919F9A1FDEF11B4" blockId="8.[264,1324,1503,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88126A15D919F9A1FDDE110D" box="[312,572,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="F2768E9A88126A15D919F9A1FE8D110D" box="[312,367,1543,1568]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
host and locality
</emphasis>
: The
<typeStatus id="F2768E9A88126A15DAA3F9A1FD57110C" box="[642,693,1543,1569]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
host of this nematode in nature is unknown as it was recovered from soil using
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88126A15DA1DF989FD421165" box="[572,672,1583,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Galleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88126A15DA1DF989FD421165" box="[572,672,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Galleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae as bait. The soil sample was collected in an artificial eucalypt forest in Jijia town (latitude
<geoCoordinate id="48F956FF88126A15DB20F9F1FCB9115C" box="[769,859,1623,1649]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="555" value="20.49">N20.49</geoCoordinate>
, longitude
<geoCoordinate id="48F956FF88126A15DBFCF9F1FBA6115C" box="[989,1092,1623,1649]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="555" value="109.58">E109.58</geoCoordinate>
), Lei Zhou, Guangdong province,
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A888126A15D99EF9D9FDEB11B4" box="[447,521,1663,1689]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888126A14D919F901FDA91673" blockId="8.[264,1324,1503,1889]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88126A15D919F901FE0C11ED" box="[312,494,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="F2768E9A88126A15D919F901FE8D11ED" box="[312,367,1703,1728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
specimens
</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="F2768E9A88126A15D9DFF901FD8911EC" box="[510,619,1703,1729]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male, allotype female, 10
<typeStatus id="F2768E9A88126A15DB82F901FBEA11EC" box="[931,1032,1703,1729]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
first generation males, 5
<typeStatus id="F2768E9A88126A15D929F969FE8F11C4" box="[264,365,1743,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
females, 15
<typeStatus id="F2768E9A88126A15DA24F969FD8811C4" box="[517,618,1743,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
infective juveniles and other population slides deposited in the State Key Lab for Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275,
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A888126A15D98EF8B9FE1B1014" box="[431,505,1823,1849]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">China</collectingCountry>
. Living infective juveniles are also preserved in liquid nitrogen in the nematode collection of
<collectionCode id="4BDCA8FD88126A15DA02F8E1FD93104C" box="[547,625,1863,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SKLB</collectionCode>
, Zhongshan University. Slides of several males and infective juveniles were deposited in the
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A888136A14DA8EFEBAFCAE161B" box="[687,844,284,310]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">United States</collectingCountry>
Department of Agriculture Nematology, Beltsville, Maryland,
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A888136A14DA29FEE2FDA51673" box="[520,583,324,350]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="79B260B088136A14D929F98FFCF011E7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169451/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[271,1315,398,1576]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="2D72303888136A14D929F98FFCF011E7" blockId="9.[264,1324,1577,1739]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88136A14D929F98FFE68116C" bold="true" box="[264,394,1577,1601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88136A14D9B3F98FFD26116D" box="[402,708,1577,1600]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88136A14D9B3F98FFD26116D" box="[402,708,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Steinernema guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188136A14DAEAF98FFCE7116D" box="[715,773,1577,1600]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Light­microscope photographs. A­B, epiptygma of the first generation females. C­D, tails of infective juveniles showing dorsal constriction (arrows), compared to no dorsal constriction in
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88136A14DA83F9C8FCAB11A8" box="[674,841,1646,1669]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88136A14DA83F9C8FCAB11A8" box="[674,841,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in E­F. G, mature female of the first generation with prominent post­anal swelling. H, second generation female with longer tail. Scales: A, B = 18 μm, C = 24 μm, D = 22 μm, E, F = 22 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="65D763B388136A16D929F8A1FB03154C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2D72303888136A14D929F8A1FD4C100D" blockId="9.[264,1322,1799,1902]" box="[264,686,1799,1824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88136A14D929F8A1FD4C100D" box="[264,686,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">DIAGNOSIS AND RELATIONSHIP</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888136A17D919F889FED716DC" blockId="9.[264,1322,1799,1902]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1323,282,497]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88136A14D919F889FD681065" box="[312,650,1839,1864]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88136A14D919F889FD681065" box="[312,650,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Steinernema guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188136A14DAB2F888FD361065" box="[659,724,1838,1864]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be recognized by large IJ body diam. 42 (30­ 48) μm, distance from anterior end to nerve ring 102 (88­111) μm; pharynx length 134 (123­144) μm and a = 25 (22­35). Lateral field pattern variable, the formula for the arrangement of ridges from head to tail is 2, 7, 8, 7, 4, 2 (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88106A17DB92FEE7FC1E1676" box="[947,1020,321,347]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1357,1381]" captionTargetBox="[269,1317,560,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[269,1317,560,1354]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM photographs of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. infective juvenile. A­B, anterior region showing one lateral line, closed mouth (m), amphids (a) and cephalic (c) papillae. C, lateral field with 2 ridges (3 incisures). D, lateral field showing the change of lateral field pattern from 2 to 7 ridges. E, lateral field showing 7 ridges and the middle one (number 4) is divided into 2 making 8 ridges in lateral field. F, lateral field showing phasmid (p) and 7 ridges changing to 4 then 2. Scales: A = 6.67 μm, B = 5 μm, C = 8.60 μm, D ­ F = 6.67 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169452/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The new species can be recognized further by males with spicules length averaging 86 (80­94) μm, spicule shape, spicule tip (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88106A17D9B2FE2AFE3B168B" box="[403,473,396,422]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1028,1052]" captionTargetBox="[293,1309,283,1021]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[293,1310,282,1023]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparative photographs of spicule shape and spicule tips of the first­generation male of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. (A, B) and S. longicaudum (C, D). Note: Spicule tip of S. longicaudum suddenly narrow to form the tip but not for S. guangdongense n. sp. Scale bars: A, B = 20 μm, C, D = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158639/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) and the ratios SW and GS (
<tableCitation id="604F058388106A17DB0CFE2AFC6B168B" box="[813,905,396,422]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparative morphometrics (in µm) of males and infective juveniles of Steinernema guangdongense sp. n and related Steinernema spp." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The female of the new species is characterized by the presence of an epiptygma (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88106A17DB63FE17FC6916E6" box="[834,907,433,459]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[354,1216,1200,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[354,1240,1180,1818]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. first and second generations females. A, anterior region. B, C, variation in tail shape and mucron­like structure. D, vulva and double flapped epiptygma. E, vulva and epiptygma of the second generation female. Scale bar: A­E = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158640/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88106A17DBB8FE17FC4A16E6" box="[921,936,433,459]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[271,1315,398,1576]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[271,1315,398,1576]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. Light­microscope photographs. A­B, epiptygma of the first generation females. C­D, tails of infective juveniles showing dorsal constriction (arrows), compared to no dorsal constriction in S. longicaudum in E­F. G, mature female of the first generation with prominent post­anal swelling. H, second generation female with longer tail. Scales: A, B = 18 μm, C = 24 μm, D = 22 μm, E, F = 22 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169451/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5</figureCitation>
) and prominent post­anal swelling.
</paragraph>
<caption id="79B260B088106A17D929FAEBFC48113C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169452/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[269,1317,560,1349]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="2D72303888106A17D929FAEBFC48113C" blockId="10.[264,1323,1357,1554]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88106A17D929FAEBFE6B1248" bold="true" box="[264,393,1357,1381]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
SEM photographs of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88106A17DA5DFAE8FC4F1248" box="[636,941,1358,1381]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88106A17DA5DFAE8FC4F1248" box="[636,941,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Steinernema guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188106A17DB95FAEBFC0F1249" box="[948,1005,1357,1380]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
infective juvenile. A­B, anterior region showing one lateral line, closed mouth (m), amphids (a) and cephalic (c) papillae. C, lateral field with 2 ridges (3 incisures). D, lateral field showing the change of lateral field pattern from 2 to 7 ridges. E, lateral field showing 7 ridges and the middle one (number 4) is divided into 2 making 8 ridges in lateral field. F, lateral field showing phasmid (p) and 7 ridges changing to 4 then 2. Scales: A = 6.67 μm, B = 5 μm, C = 8.60 μm, D ­ F = 6.67 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D72303888106A16D919F9F5FCDA16FB" blockId="10.[264,1323,1619,1885]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1324,284,470]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
S
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88106A17D966F9F5FD6F1141" box="[327,653,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
teinernema
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88106A17D9F4F9F5FD6F1141" box="[469,653,1619,1644]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">guangdongense</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188106A17DAB9F9F5FD391140" box="[664,731,1619,1645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from the closest species S.
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88106A17D929F9DDFE4311B9" box="[264,417,1659,1684]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88106A17D929F9DDFE4311B9" box="[264,417,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by characteristics of infective juveniles (IJ), males and females. For IJ, although the body length, EP, E% is almost similar (1055 μm compared to 1063 μm, 80 μm to 82 μm and 88% to 87% respectively), body diameter is larger; value of NR and the ratio body length/body width are smaller (
<tableCitation id="604F058388106A17DADEF955FCB81020" box="[767,858,1779,1805]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparative morphometrics (in µm) of males and infective juveniles of Steinernema guangdongense sp. n and related Steinernema spp." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Table 2</tableCitation>
) and tail with dorsal constriction (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88106A17DCD9F955FEF51018" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[271,1315,398,1576]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[271,1315,398,1576]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. Light­microscope photographs. A­B, epiptygma of the first generation females. C­D, tails of infective juveniles showing dorsal constriction (arrows), compared to no dorsal constriction in S. longicaudum in E­F. G, mature female of the first generation with prominent post­anal swelling. H, second generation female with longer tail. Scales: A, B = 18 μm, C = 24 μm, D = 22 μm, E, F = 22 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169451/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C,D). For male, the new species has longer spicule, not well curved, spicule head shorter, shaft not prominent or absent and spicule tip not suddenly tapered as shown in
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88106A16DCBCF8E5FED81618" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88106A16DCBCF8E5FED81618" italics="true" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88116A16D972FEBAFE78161B" box="[339,410,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1028,1052]" captionTargetBox="[293,1309,283,1021]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[293,1310,282,1023]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparative photographs of spicule shape and spicule tips of the first­generation male of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. (A, B) and S. longicaudum (C, D). Note: Spicule tip of S. longicaudum suddenly narrow to form the tip but not for S. guangdongense n. sp. Scale bars: A, B = 20 μm, C, D = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158639/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Also, the ratios SW and GS are smaller. For female, the presence of a small double flapped epiptygma (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88116A16DA6BFEE2FD6D1673" box="[586,655,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[271,1315,398,1576]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[271,1315,398,1576]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. Light­microscope photographs. A­B, epiptygma of the first generation females. C­D, tails of infective juveniles showing dorsal constriction (arrows), compared to no dorsal constriction in S. longicaudum in E­F. G, mature female of the first generation with prominent post­anal swelling. H, second generation female with longer tail. Scales: A, B = 18 μm, C = 24 μm, D = 22 μm, E, F = 22 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169451/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A,B), a small projection on dorsal side of the tail tip and prominent post­anal swelling (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88116A16DA52FECAFD5816AB" box="[627,698,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[271,1315,398,1576]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[271,1315,398,1576]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. Light­microscope photographs. A­B, epiptygma of the first generation females. C­D, tails of infective juveniles showing dorsal constriction (arrows), compared to no dorsal constriction in S. longicaudum in E­F. G, mature female of the first generation with prominent post­anal swelling. H, second generation female with longer tail. Scales: A, B = 18 μm, C = 24 μm, D = 22 μm, E, F = 22 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169451/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
G) differentiate this nematode from
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DC4AFECAFDBA1680" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16DC4AFECAFAC516A8" box="[1131,1319,364,389]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FE32FDBA1680" box="[264,600,404,429]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">Steinernema guangdongense</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188116A16DA7EFE32FD7F1683" box="[607,669,404,430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from other related species by morphometrical characteristics listed in the
<tableCitation id="604F058388116A16DAFAFE1AFCD716FB" box="[731,821,444,470]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparative morphometrics (in µm) of males and infective juveniles of Steinernema guangdongense sp. n and related Steinernema spp." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FDB4FDF81504" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,538,530,553]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Alignment of ITS regions</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16DA40FD92FB03156E" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[609,1249,564,579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1.... 50</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FDF4FB03154C" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,594,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FDF4FE36154C" box="[264,468,594,609]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">S. guangdongense</taxonomicName>
GTACACAC
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DAE9FDF4FD37154C" bold="true" box="[712,725,594,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T</emphasis>
GCCCGTCGCTGCCCGGGACTGAGTTGTTTCGAGAAAAGCGG
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="65D763B388116A0FD929FDC9FC9C1508" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FDC9FB001553" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1250,623,638]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FDC9FE591553" box="[264,443,623,638]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CB2B GTACACACCGCCCGTCGCTGCCCGGGACTGAGTTGTTTCGAGAAAAGCGG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FD2BFB0015B1" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1250,653,668]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FD2BFE4C15B1" box="[264,430,653,668]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">S. diaprepesi</taxonomicName>
GTACACACCGCCCGTCGCTGCCCGGGACTGAGTTGTTTCGAGAAAAGCGG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FD0CFB001594" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1250,682,697]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FD0CFE6A1594" box="[264,392,682,697]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
GTACACACCGCCCGTCGCTGCCCGGGACTGAGTTGTTTCGAGAAAAGCGG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FD6EFB0015FA" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1250,712,727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FD6EFE5915FA" box="[264,443,712,727]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CWLO5 GTACACACCGCCCGTCGCTGCCCGGGACTGAGTTGTTTCGAGAAAAGCGG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16DA40FD43FB0215D9" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[609,1248,741,756]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">******** *****************************************</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16DA40FCA5FB02143F" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[609,1248,771,786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">51.... 100</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FC86FB031402" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,800,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FC86FE361402" box="[264,468,800,815]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">S. guangdongense</taxonomicName>
AGACTGCTTCTCTGAGCG
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DB69FC86FCB71402" bold="true" box="[840,853,800,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T</emphasis>
TTTCGG
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DB80FC86FC4C1402" bold="true" box="[929,942,800,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
CGTGAATTGAGGCGAGAACCGCGT
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FC98FB001460" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1250,830,845]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FC98FE591460" box="[264,443,830,845]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CB2B AGACTGCTTCTCTGAGCGCTTTCGGGCGTGAATTGAGGCGAGAACCGCGT
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FCFDFB001447" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1250,859,874]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FCFDFE4C1447" box="[264,430,859,874]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">S. diaprepesi</taxonomicName>
AGACTGCTTCTCTGAGCGCTTTCGGGCGTGAATTGAGGCGAGAACCGCGT
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FCDFFB0314A5" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,889,904]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FCDFFE6A14A5" box="[264,392,889,904]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
AGACTGCTTCTCTGAGCGCTTTCGGGCGCGAATTGAGGCGAGAACCGCGT
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FC30FB001488" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1250,918,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FC30FE591488" box="[264,443,918,933]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CWLO5 AGACTGCTTCTCTGAGCGCTTTCGGGCGTGAATTGAGGCGAGAACCGCGT
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16DA40FC12FB0314EE" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[609,1249,948,963]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">****************** ****** ** *********************</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16DA43FC77FB0314CD" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[610,1249,977,992]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">201.... 250</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FC49FB0314D3" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1007,1022]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FC49FE3614D3" box="[264,468,1007,1022]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">S. guangdongense</taxonomicName>
GATGAT
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DA8FFC49FD5914D3" bold="true" box="[686,699,1007,1022]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G</emphasis>
ATTGTTCGGAACG­­GCACTG
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DBE9FC49FC3714D3" bold="true" box="[968,981,1007,1022]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
­T
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DBCFFC49FC1914D3" bold="true" box="[1006,1019,1007,1022]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T</emphasis>
CGTTTCTAGGTGTCGATT
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FBAAFB031336" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1036,1051]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FBAAFE591336" box="[264,443,1036,1051]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CB2B GATTAGAA­­GTTCGGAACG­­GGACTG­­TGCGCATCTAAGTGTCGATT
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FB8CFB031314" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1066,1081]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FB8CFE4C1314" box="[264,430,1066,1081]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">S. diaprepesi</taxonomicName>
GTTACGTATCGTTCGGAACG­­ACACTGTCCACGTTTCTAAGTGTCGATT
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FBE1FB00137B" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1250,1095,1110]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FBE1FE6A137B" box="[264,392,1095,1110]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
TATGATCACTGTTCGGAACGCGGCACTGT­­­CGTTTCTAGGTGTCGCGA
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FBC3FB031359" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1125,1140]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FBC3FE591359" box="[264,443,1125,1140]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CWLO5 GATTAGAA­­GTTCGGAACG­­GCACTGT­­GCGCATCTAGGTGTCGATT
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16DA5AFB24FB5913BC" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[635,1211,1154,1169]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">* * ********** **** ** **** ******</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16DA40FB06FB021382" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[609,1248,1184,1199]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">301.... 350</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FB1BFB0313E1" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1213,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FB1BFE3613E1" box="[264,468,1213,1228]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">S. guangdongense</taxonomicName>
ATGAGCGTGGCTGTGGTGAAGGACATTTGACATCCTATGCCAGACGTCT
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DCF5FB1BFB0313E1" bold="true" box="[1236,1249,1213,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FB7DFB0313C7" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1243,1258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FB7DFE5913C7" box="[264,443,1243,1258]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CB2B ATG­GCGTGGCTGTGGTGAAGGACATTTTACATCC­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FB5EFB00122A" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1250,1272,1287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FB5EFE4C122A" box="[264,430,1272,1287]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">S. diaprepesi</taxonomicName>
ATGAGCGTGGCTGTGATGAAGGACATTTAACATCCTATGCCAGACGTCTA
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FAB0FB001208" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1250,1302,1317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FAB0FE6A1208" box="[264,392,1302,1317]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
ATGAGCGTGGCTGTGGTGAAGGACATTTGACATCGCGT­­­­­­­­­­­­
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FA95FB03126F" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1331,1346]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FA95FE59126F" box="[264,443,1331,1346]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CWLO5 ATGAGCGTGGCTGTGGTGAAGGACATTTTACATCGC­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16DA40FAF7FBF6124D" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[609,1044,1361,1376]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">*** *********** ************ *****</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16DA40FAC8FB021250" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[609,1248,1390,1405]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">351.... 400</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FA2DFB0312B7" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1419,1434]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FA2DFE3612B7" box="[264,468,1419,1434]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">S. guangdongense</taxonomicName>
G­TGT
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DA83FA2DFD4D12B7" bold="true" box="[674,687,1419,1434]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T</emphasis>
TCT
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DAF4FA2DFD0012B7" bold="true" box="[725,738,1419,1434]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
GCGTTTGGTGATGT­AGAATTAAAGAGGTCAG
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DC5AFA2DFB6A12B7" bold="true" box="[1147,1160,1419,1434]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G</emphasis>
TCGGAG
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DCF5FA2DFB0312B7" bold="true" box="[1236,1249,1419,1434]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FA0FFB031295" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1449,1464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FA0FFE591295" box="[264,443,1449,1464]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CB2B ­­­­­­­­­­­­ATTTGCTGATGT­AGAATTAAAGAAGTCAG­TCGGAGA
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FA61FB0012FB" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1250,1479,1494]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FA61FE4C12FB" box="[264,430,1479,1494]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">S. diaprepesi</taxonomicName>
GCTGTCTCTTGCGTTTGGTGATG­­AGAATTAAAGAGGTCAG­TCGGAGA
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929FA42FB0312DE" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1508,1523]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929FA42FE6A12DE" box="[264,392,1508,1523]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
­­­­­­­­­­­­­CTCGACGCGGTGAGAATTGAAGAGGTCAG­TCGGAGA
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929F9A4FB03113C" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1538,1553]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929F9A4FE59113C" box="[264,443,1538,1553]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CWLO5 ­­­­­­­­­­­­­TTTGCTGATGT­AGAATTAAAGAGGTCAGTCCGGAGA
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16DB35F9B9FB361103" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[788,1236,1567,1582]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">* * * * ****** **** ***** *****</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16DA40F99AFB021166" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[609,1248,1596,1611]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">401.... 450</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929F9FCFB001144" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1250,1626,1641]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929F9FCFE361144" box="[264,468,1626,1641]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">S. guangdongense</taxonomicName>
CCCG­­CCGTTCACAAACCCTACT­ATTAACATTT­­­­ACTTGATG
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DC9AF9FCFB2A1144" bold="true" box="[1211,1224,1626,1641]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
TG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929F9DEFB0311AA" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1656,1671]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929F9DEFE5911AA" box="[264,443,1656,1671]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CB2B CCCCGCCCGTTCACAAACCCTACT­ATTAACATTTT­­­ACTTGATGATG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929F933FB031189" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1685,1700]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929F933FE4C1189" box="[264,430,1685,1700]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">S. diaprepesi</taxonomicName>
CCCG­­CCGTTCAAAAACC­TACC­ATTAACATTTT­­­CCATACTAA­G
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929F915FB0311EF" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1249,1715,1730]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929F915FE6A11EF" box="[264,392,1715,1730]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
CCCG­­CCGTTCACAAACCCTACC­ATTAACAATTTTACACACGATGACA
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929F976FB0011F2" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" box="[264,1250,1744,1759]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16D929F976FE5911F2" box="[264,443,1744,1759]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CWLO5 CCCG­­CCGTTCCCAAACCCTACTTATTACCATTTT­­­ACTTGATGATG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A11DA40F94BFB36161C" blockId="11.[264,1250,530,1788]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">*** ****** ***** *** **** ** ** * * 651.... 700</paragraph>
<caption id="79B260B088116A16D929F88EFAFB104E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<paragraph id="2D72303888116A16D929F88EFAFB104E" blockId="11.[264,1323,1832,1891]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16D929F88EFE68106D" bold="true" box="[264,394,1832,1856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Selective blocks of sequence alignments of ITS regions and partial 28S showing diagnostic characters (red letters) of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88116A16DA41F8EAFC71104E" box="[608,915,1868,1891]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88116A16DA41F8EAFC71104E" box="[608,915,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Steinernema guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188116A16DBB8F8EAFC31104E" box="[921,979,1868,1891]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(continued on the next page).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FE99FB001663" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1250,319,334]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FE99FE361663" box="[264,468,319,334]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">S. guangdongense</taxonomicName>
TCGTGACTTGCAGTCAGCTGAGACTGTTTTTTCGAT
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DC0FFE99FBD91663" bold="true" box="[1070,1083,319,334]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T</emphasis>
AGCTACT
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DCB5FE99FB431663" bold="true" box="[1172,1185,319,334]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
TT
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DC9AFE99FB2A1663" bold="true" box="[1211,1224,319,334]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
TT
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FEFAFB001646" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1250,348,363]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FEFAFE591646" box="[264,443,348,363]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CB2B TCGTGACTTGCAGTCAGCTGAGACTGTTTTTTCGATGAGCTACTTTTTT­
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FEDCFB0016A4" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1250,378,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FEDCFE4C16A4" box="[264,430,378,393]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">S. diaprepesi</taxonomicName>
TCGTTACTTGCAGTCAGCTTCGACTGTTTATTCGATAAGCTACTTTCGAG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FE31FB00168B" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1250,407,422]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FE31FE6A168B" box="[264,392,407,422]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
ACGTTACTTGCAGTCAGC­­­GACTGTTTTTTCGACGAGCTATGTACGTT
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FE13FB0016E9" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1250,437,452]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FE13FE5916E9" box="[264,443,437,452]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CWLO5 TCGTGACTTGCAGTCAGCTGAGACTGTTTTTTCGATGAGCTACTTTTTT­
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11DA4FFE75FB9816CF" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[622,1146,467,482]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">*** ************* ******** ***** *****</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11DA40FE56FB3616D2" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[609,1236,496,511]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">701.... 750</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FDABFB031531" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1249,525,540]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FDABFE361531" box="[264,468,525,540]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">S. guangdongense</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DA43FDABFD8D1531" bold="true" box="[610,623,525,540]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T</emphasis>
T­CGGA
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DA9AFDABFD2A1531" bold="true" box="[699,712,525,540]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
G
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DAF4FDABFD001531" bold="true" box="[725,738,525,540]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
ACCTT­TTCGGTATGGTCGC­­­AAT
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DC0FFDABFBD91531" bold="true" box="[1070,1083,525,540]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T</emphasis>
GAAAAA
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DCA9FDABFB771531" bold="true" box="[1160,1173,525,540]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T</emphasis>
GCGAT­
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FD8DFB031517" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1249,555,570]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FD8DFE591517" box="[264,443,555,570]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CB2B ­­­­­GAAGTACCTT­TTCGGTATGGTCGC­­­AAT­GAAAAGCGCGAT­
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FDEEFB00157A" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1250,584,599]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FDEEFE4C157A" box="[264,430,584,599]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">S. diaprepesi</taxonomicName>
CTGCGAAAGTACCTT­TTCGGTGTGAACGCTTCAATGCGATAGGCTAATG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FDC0FB031558" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1249,614,629]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FDC0FE6A1558" box="[264,392,614,629]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
­­­CGTATGTACCTCGTTCGGTGTGAACGTTCCCCCGGCACTGGGGGCGA
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FD25FB0315BF" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1249,643,658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FD25FE5915BF" box="[264,443,643,658]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CWLO5 ­­­­­GAAGTACCTT­TTCGGTATGGTCGC­­­AAT­GAAAAACGCGAT­
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11DA8FFD07FB83159D" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[686,1121,673,688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">* * **** ****** ** ** *</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11DA40FD18FB0215E0" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[609,1248,702,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">851.... 900</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FD7AFB0015C6" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1250,732,747]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FD7AFE3615C6" box="[264,468,732,747]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">S. guangdongense</taxonomicName>
G­­GACAGC­­­GT­TCGTGCGTA­GTTTCTAGAAGTCGGTAGCCAC
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DC9AFD7AFB2A15C6" bold="true" box="[1211,1224,732,747]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
TG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FD5FFB031425" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1249,761,776]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FD5FFE591425" box="[264,443,761,776]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CB2B G­­GACAGCTTCGT­TCGTGCGTAAGTTTCTAGAAGTCGGTAGCCATTTT
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FCB1FB00140B" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1250,791,806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FCB1FE4C140B" box="[264,430,791,806]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">S. diaprepesi</taxonomicName>
GCAGACGTAACTGTCTCGTATGTAAGCTTCTTGAAGTCGGCTGCCACAT­
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FC92FB03146E" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1249,820,835]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FC92FE6A146E" box="[264,392,820,835]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
G­­­­TAATTTTTT­GCGTATGTAAGCTTCTTGAAGTCAGT­GTTGCCAG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FCF4FB03144C" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1249,850,865]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FCF4FE59144C" box="[264,443,850,865]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CWLO5 G­­GACAGCTTCGT­TCGTGCGTAAGTTTCTAGAAGTCGGTAGCCATTTT
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11DA40FCC9FB651453" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[609,1159,879,894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">* * *** *** * **** ****** * *</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11DA40FC2BFB0214B1" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[609,1248,909,924]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">901.... 950</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FC0CFB001494" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1250,938,953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FC0CFE361494" box="[264,468,938,953]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">S. guangdongense</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DA43FC0CFD8D1494" bold="true" box="[610,623,938,953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
­­­TGACTCAGCTTGTTTCCGTTGGTCAACGGACGCAC
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DC75FC0CFB831494" bold="true" box="[1108,1121,938,953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T</emphasis>
TGGAACT
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DC9AFC0CFB2A1494" bold="true" box="[1211,1224,938,953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
­­
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FC6EFB0314FA" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1249,968,983]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FC6EFE5914FA" box="[264,443,968,983]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CB2B AGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTTCCGTTGGTCAACGGACGTACGTG­AACTT­­
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FC43FB0314D9" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1249,997,1012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FC43FE4C14D9" box="[264,430,997,1012]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">S. diaprepesi</taxonomicName>
­­­­­­GTTCGACC­­­­TTTGCGGGTTGACGAACGCAACTGGAACTTGC
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FBA5FB03133F" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1249,1027,1042]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FBA5FE6A133F" box="[264,392,1027,1042]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
CAAGCGTTTGAGCCTGT­ACGGTTCGGCGCGCGACGTAGCTGGGACTT­­
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FB86FB031302" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[264,1249,1056,1071]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FB86FE591302" box="[264,443,1056,1071]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CWLO5 AGTTTGACTCAACTTGTTTCCGTTGGTCAACGGACGTACGTG­AACTT­­
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11DAE9FB98FB581360" blockId="12.[264,1250,290,1101]" box="[712,1210,1086,1101]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">* * * * *** * ** ***</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FBD8FD6613B8" blockId="12.[264,644,1150,1173]" box="[264,644,1150,1173]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Alignment of partial 28S sequences</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11DA75FB18FB3613E0" blockId="12.[264,1237,1214,1466]" box="[596,1236,1214,1229]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">201.... 250</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FB7AFB3613C6" blockId="12.[264,1237,1214,1466]" box="[264,1236,1244,1259]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FB7AFE3613C6" box="[264,468,1244,1259]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">S. guangdongense</taxonomicName>
GDC339 TCGGCGTGCGATGCGTGGTATGGCTAAGGTT
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DBC0FB7AFC0C13C6" bold="true" box="[993,1006,1244,1259]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T</emphasis>
­­­CGCCGGTCTTGAA­G
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FB5CFB361224" blockId="12.[264,1237,1214,1466]" box="[264,1236,1274,1289]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FB5CFE591224" box="[264,443,1274,1289]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CB2B TCGGCGTGCGATGCGTGGTATGGCTAGGGTG­­­­CGCCGGTCTTGAA­G
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FAB1FB36120B" blockId="12.[264,1237,1214,1466]" box="[264,1236,1303,1318]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FAB1FE59120B" box="[264,443,1303,1318]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CWL05 TCGGCGTGCGATGCGTGGTATGGCTAGGGTGC­­­­GCCGGTCTTGAA­G
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FA92FB37126E" blockId="12.[264,1237,1214,1466]" box="[264,1237,1332,1347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FA92FE6A126E" box="[264,392,1332,1347]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cubanum">S. cubanum</taxonomicName>
TCGGCGTACGATGCGTGGTATGGCTAAGGTTCTGTCGCCGGTCTTGAAAG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FAF4FB36124C" blockId="12.[264,1237,1214,1466]" box="[264,1236,1362,1377]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FAF4FE59124C" box="[264,443,1362,1377]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A888166A11D9E9FAF4FE0C124C" box="[456,494,1362,1377]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
TCGGCGTGCGATGCGTGGTATGGCTAGGGTGC­­­­GCCGGTCTTGAA­G
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FAC9FB371253" blockId="12.[264,1237,1214,1466]" box="[264,1237,1391,1406]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FAC9FE6A1253" box="[264,392,1391,1406]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
TCGGCGTACGATGCGTGGTATGGCTAAGGTTCTGTCGCCGGTCTTGAA­G
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929FA2BFB3712B1" blockId="12.[264,1237,1214,1466]" box="[264,1237,1421,1436]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929FA2BFE5912B1" box="[264,443,1421,1436]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A888166A11D9E9FA2BFE0012B1" box="[456,482,1421,1436]" name="Switzerland" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CH</collectingCountry>
TCGGCGTACGATGCGTGGTATGGCTAAGGTTCTGTCGCCGGTCTTGAA­G
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11DA75FA0DFB361297" blockId="12.[264,1237,1214,1466]" box="[596,1236,1451,1466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">******* ****************** *** ************ *</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11DA75FA43FB3612D9" blockId="12.[264,1237,1509,1849]" box="[596,1236,1509,1524]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">351.... 400</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929F9A5FB37113F" blockId="12.[264,1237,1509,1849]" box="[264,1237,1539,1554]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929F9A5FE36113F" box="[264,468,1539,1554]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">S. guangdongense</taxonomicName>
GDC339 TGTAGC­TCGATCTACTGA
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DB69F9A5FCB7113F" bold="true" box="[840,853,1539,1554]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
TTGGGATGCGTTGTCTC
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88166A11DC0FF9A5FBD9113F" bold="true" box="[1070,1083,1539,1554]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T</emphasis>
T­GTGGACGGCG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929F986FB371102" blockId="12.[264,1237,1509,1849]" box="[264,1237,1568,1583]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929F986FE591102" box="[264,443,1568,1583]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CB2B TGTAGC­TCGATCTACTGACTTGGGATGCGTTGTCTCCT­GTGGACAGCG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929F998FB371160" blockId="12.[264,1237,1509,1849]" box="[264,1237,1598,1613]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929F998FE591160" box="[264,443,1598,1613]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
CWL05 TGTAGC­TCGATCTACTGACTTGGGATGCGTTGTCTCCT­GTGGACAGCG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929F9FDFB371147" blockId="12.[264,1237,1509,1849]" box="[264,1237,1627,1642]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929F9FDFE6A1147" box="[264,392,1627,1642]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cubanum">S. cubanum</taxonomicName>
GGTGAC­GTAAGTTGCTGACTTGGGATGCGCTGTCTTCTTGTGGACGGCG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929F9DFFB3711A5" blockId="12.[264,1237,1509,1849]" box="[264,1237,1657,1672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929F9DFFE5911A5" box="[264,443,1657,1672]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A888166A11D9E9F9DFFE0C11A5" box="[456,494,1657,1672]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
TGTAGC­TCGATCTACTGACTTGGGATGCGTTGTCTCCT­GTGGACAGCG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929F930FB371188" blockId="12.[264,1237,1509,1849]" box="[264,1237,1686,1701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929F930FE6A1188" box="[264,392,1686,1701]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
GGTGACGTCAAGTTGCTGACTTGGGATGCGCTGTCTCCT­GTGGACGGCG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929F912FB3711EE" blockId="12.[264,1237,1509,1849]" box="[264,1237,1716,1731]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88166A11D929F912FE5911EE" box="[264,443,1716,1731]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A888166A11D9E9F912FE0011EE" box="[456,482,1716,1731]" name="Switzerland" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CH</collectingCountry>
GGTGACGTAAGTTTGCTGACTTGGGATGCGCTGTCTTCT­GTGGACGGCG
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11DA40F977FB3611CD" blockId="12.[264,1237,1509,1849]" box="[609,1236,1745,1760]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">** * * **** ********** ***** * ****** ***</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929F949FDB611D3" blockId="12.[264,1237,1509,1849]" box="[264,596,1775,1790]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">__________________________</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929F8AAFCB71036" blockId="12.[264,1237,1509,1849]" box="[264,853,1804,1819]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">* No differences found among nematode species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888166A11D929F88CFE831014" blockId="12.[264,1237,1509,1849]" box="[264,353,1834,1849]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">­ Gaps.</paragraph>
<caption id="79B260B088176A10D929FEBDFCC11670" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D929FEBDFCC11670" blockId="13.[264,1322,283,349]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88176A10D929FEBDFE9F161E" bold="true" box="[264,381,283,307]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Comparative morphometrics (in µm) of males and infective juveniles of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88176A10DC87FEBAFE4D1671" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88176A10DC87FEBAFE4D1671" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Steinernema guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188176A10D997FEE3FE0A1671" box="[438,488,325,348]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. n</taxonomicNameLabel>
and related
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88176A10DA4AFEE3FD121671" box="[619,752,325,348]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Steinernema</taxonomicName>
spp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10DA79FE24FB7716B8" blockId="13.[267,1304,386,511]" box="[600,1173,386,405]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Male Infective juvenile</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AFE02FAFA1697" blockId="13.[267,1304,386,511]" box="[267,1304,420,442]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Character
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88176A10D9A5FE0EFAFA1697" box="[388,1304,424,442]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
S. guangdon­ S. longico­
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88176A10DA55FE0EFD001697" box="[628,738,424,442]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenarium">S. arenarium</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88176A10DAD8FE0EFCAB1697" box="[761,841,424,442]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
S. guang­ S. longico­ S. arenar­
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88176A10DCE6FE0EFAFA1697" box="[1223,1304,424,442]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">S. glaseri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D985FE63FB6D16FA" blockId="13.[267,1304,386,511]" box="[420,1167,453,471]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88176A10D985FE63FB6D16FA" box="[420,1167,453,471]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">gense dum dongense dum ium</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D9BCFE4AFAF4140A" blockId="13.[267,1304,386,511]" lastBlockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Present Stock
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88176A10DA1BFE4AFDB816D3" box="[570,602,492,510]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et a</emphasis>
l. Kozodoi Poinar Psesent Stock
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88176A10DC32FE4AFBDD16D3" box="[1043,1087,492,510]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
Poinar Poinar (103–132) (79–162) (153–187) (121–178) (71–85) (74–92) (76–86) (87–110)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D984FDB4FAE7155C" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<table id="5FCDC298881795E2D929FDB4FAC0155C" box="[264,1314,530,625]" gridcols="8" gridrows="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<tr id="93FD327A881795E2D929FDB4FAC01508" box="[264,1314,530,549]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2D929FDB4FE311508" box="[264,467,530,549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">study</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2DA3EFDB4FDA81508" box="[543,586,530,549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2001</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2DAB7FDB4FD231508" box="[662,705,530,549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1984</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2DB2DFDB4FCD51508" box="[780,823,530,549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1978</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2DBA5FDB4FC501508" box="[900,946,530,549]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">study</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2DBD8FDB4FBC61508" box="[1017,1060,530,549]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2001</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2DC4BFDB4FB771508" box="[1130,1173,530,549]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1990</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2DCFAFDB4FAC01508" box="[1243,1314,530,549]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1990</th>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881795E2D929FD9EFAC01566" box="[264,1314,568,587]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2D929FD9EFE311566" box="[264,467,568,587]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">n 20</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DA3EFD9EFDA81566" box="[543,586,568,587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">23</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DAB7FD9EFD231566" box="[662,705,568,587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">­</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DB2DFD9EFCD51566" box="[780,823,568,587]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">25</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DBA5FD9EFC501566" box="[900,946,568,587]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">20</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DBD8FD9EFBC61566" box="[1017,1060,568,587]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">28</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DC4BFD9EFB771566" box="[1130,1173,568,587]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">25</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DCFAFD9EFAC01566" box="[1243,1314,568,587]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">25</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881795E2D929FDF8FAC0155C" box="[264,1314,606,625]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2D929FDF8FE31155C" box="[264,467,606,625]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Body length 1809</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DA3EFDF8FDA8155C" box="[543,586,606,625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1788</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DAB7FDF8FD23155C" box="[662,705,606,625]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2282</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DB2DFDF8FCD5155C" box="[780,823,606,625]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1700</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DBA5FDF8FC50155C" box="[900,946,606,625]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1055</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DBD8FDF8FBC6155C" box="[1017,1060,606,625]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1043</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DC4BFDF8FB77155C" box="[1130,1173,606,625]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1034</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DCFAFDF8FAC0155C" box="[1243,1314,606,625]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1130</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D9A4FD23FAE2142C" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<table id="5FCDC298881795E2D929FD23FAC0142C" box="[264,1314,645,769]" gridcols="6" gridrows="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<tr id="93FD327A881795E2D929FD23FAC015B5" box="[264,1314,645,664]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2D9A4FD23FCBA15B5" box="[389,856,645,664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(1627–2126) (1412–2733) (2091–2550) (1500–1900)</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2DB4BFD23FC2E15B5" box="[874,972,645,664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(987–1145)</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2DBFDFD23FBDD15B5" box="[988,1087,645,664]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(929–1170)</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2DC6CFD23FB5315B5" box="[1101,1201,645,664]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(724–1408)</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2DC9FFD23FAC015B5" box="[1214,1314,645,664]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(864–1448)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881795E2D929FD0DFAC015F6" box="[264,1314,683,731]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2D929FD0DFE9315F6" box="[264,369,683,731]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Greatest body width</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2D9A4FD0DFCBA15F6" box="[389,856,683,731]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">112 136 188 72 (90–135) (86–194) (184–219) (54–92)</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DB4BFD0DFC2E15F6" box="[874,972,683,731]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">42 (30–48)</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DBFDFD0DFBDD15F6" box="[988,1087,683,731]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">37 (34–40)</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DC6CFD0DFB5315F6" box="[1101,1201,683,731]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">46 (28–77)</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DC9FFD0DFAC015F6" box="[1214,1314,683,731]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">43 (31–50)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881795E2D929FD48FAC0142C" box="[264,1314,750,769]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D02C5B06881795E2D929FD48FE93142C" box="[264,369,750,769]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">EP</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2D9A4FD48FCBA142C" box="[389,856,750,769]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">120 127 164 145</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DB4BFD48FC2E142C" box="[874,972,750,769]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">80</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DBFDFD48FBDD142C" box="[988,1087,750,769]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">82</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DC6CFD48FB53142C" box="[1101,1201,750,769]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">83</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881795E2DC9FFD48FAC0142C" box="[1214,1314,750,769]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">102</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AFC9DFAE21463" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[267,1280,827,846]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NR 127 151 ­ 132 102 111 109 120</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D9B1FCC7FAFE1459" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[400,1308,865,884]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(109–139) (120–176) (99–183) (88–111) (98–129) (100–120) (112–126)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AFC21FAE214B7" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[267,1280,903,922]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ES 162 165 176 160 134 142 138 162</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D9B1FC08FAFE14EC" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[400,1308,942,961]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(150–176) (79–192) (173–184) (155–187) (123–144) (134–150) (123–160) (158–168)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AFC72FEC41329" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tail length 31 30 49 30 91 94 75 78 (T)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D9BAFBB1FAF31307" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[411,1297,1047,1066]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(24–38) (20–43) (41–57) (28–44) (82–103) (79–105) (64–84) (62–87)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AFB9BFCCE137D" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[267,812,1085,1104]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spicule 86 91 84 77</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AFBFCFE891340" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[267,363,1114,1133]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">length (SP)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D9BAFB26FCA113BE" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[411,835,1152,1171]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(80–94) (72–108) (81–91 (62–90)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AFB00FCCE1394" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[267,812,1190,1209]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Gubernacu­ 64 60 55 46</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AFB62FCA113FA" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[267,835,1220,1239]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">lum length (47–73) (54–65) (49–60) (40–50)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AFB46FEDA13DE" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[267,312,1248,1267]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(GU)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AFAA1FB181237" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[267,1274,1287,1306]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
a 25 28.
<date id="597316F888176A10DC37FAA1FBC31237" box="[1046,1057,1287,1306]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1929-02-26">2</date>
26 29
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10DB5BFA8BFAF3126D" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[890,1297,1325,1344]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(22–35) (25.9–30.7) (17–34) (26–35)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AFAF5FED912AE" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
D% =EP/ES 70 75.4 93 90 59 57.4 55
<date id="597316F888176A10DCC4FAF5FEF412AE" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1965-10">65 x</date>
100
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D9BAFA30FAF31284" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[411,1297,1430,1449]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(67–78) (56–92) (88–102) (54–65) (52.4–62.5) (52–59) (58–71)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AFA1BFEC912C0" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
E% = EP/T
<date id="597316F888176A10D94FFA1BFC4412FD" box="[366,934,1469,1488]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1988-10">x 88</date>
86.9 119 131 100
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10DB55F9A6FAFE113E" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[884,1308,1536,1555]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(74–100) (75.5–104.1) (106–130) (122–138)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AF980FCD61114" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[267,820,1574,1593]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SW=SP/ 1.75 1.61 2.1 2.56</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AF9E5FEDE117B" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[267,316,1603,1622]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ABW</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D9AAF9CFFD841151" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[395,614,1641,1660]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(1.52–2.16) (1.16–2.25)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D92AF936FCD6118E" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[267,820,1680,1699]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">GS=GU/SP 0.75 0.66 0.65 0.59</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D9AAF910FD3F11E4" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[395,733,1718,1737]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(0.59–0.82) (0.56–0.88) (0.60–0.66)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D929F947FE6011D9" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[264,386,1761,1780]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">­ not available</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D929F95AFD571022" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[264,693,1788,1807]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">EP = distance from anterior end to excretory pore.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D929F8B0FD771004" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[264,661,1814,1833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NR = distance from anterior end to nerve ring.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D929F897FD2C1069" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[264,718,1841,1860]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ES = distance from anterior end to end of esophagus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888176A10D929F8EAFE021072" blockId="13.[264,1308,788,1887]" box="[264,480,1868,1887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ABW = anal body width.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888146A13D929FEBAFD321618" blockId="14.[264,1323,284,630]" box="[264,720,284,309]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D929FEBAFD321618" box="[264,720,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888146A13D919FEE2FCF3155B" blockId="14.[264,1323,284,630]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The lengths of ITS and partial 28S rDNA (flanked by the above­mentioned primers) of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13D929FECAFE3D16A8" box="[264,479,364,389]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D929FECAFE3D16A8" box="[264,479,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188146A13D9C6FECAFDC516AB" box="[487,551,364,390]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
GDc339 and
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13DAEFFECAFC6416A8" box="[718,902,364,389]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13DAEFFECAFC6416A8" box="[718,902,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CB2B and CWL05 were 989, 463; 902, 462; 903, 462bp, respectively. The phylogenetic tree of ITS regions (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88146A13DCA4FE32FB2F1683" box="[1157,1229,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[264,367,1423,1447]" captionTargetBox="[357,1221,312,1398]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[357,1221,308,1402]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic relationships between 17 species of Steinernema with bootstrap analysis of ITS regions. The five species S. diaprepesi, S, glaseri, S. guangdongense, S. longicaudum (strains CB 2 B and CWL 05) form a monophyletic group. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap proportion." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158643/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) shows that the 5 nematodes (
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13DA3CFE1AFD1516F8" box="[541,759,444,469]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13DA3CFE1AFD1516F8" box="[541,759,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188146A13DB23FE1AFCA716FB" box="[770,837,444,470]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13DB70FE1AFBEE16F8" box="[849,1036,444,469]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13DB70FE1AFBEE16F8" box="[849,1036,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CB2B and CWL05,
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13DD35FE1AFE6016D0" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13DD35FE1AFE6016D0" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. diaprepesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13D9E0FE42FDD316D0" box="[449,561,484,509]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D9E0FE42FDD316D0" box="[449,561,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. glaseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) form a monophyletic group. Additionally, the sequence alignment (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88146A13D973FDAAFE7A150B" box="[338,408,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1832,1856]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Selective blocks of sequence alignments of ITS regions and partial 28 S showing diagnostic characters (red letters) of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. (continued on the next page)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) of this group shows that
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13DAEBFDAAFC7D1508" box="[714,927,524,549]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13DAEBFDAAFC7D1508" box="[714,927,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188146A13DB87FDAAFC07150B" box="[934,997,524,550]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has 24 diagnostic character states and differs from its sister taxon,
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13DAE8FD92FC9D1560" box="[713,895,564,589]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13DAE8FD92FC9D1560" box="[713,895,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at 35 (CB2B) and 38 (CWL05) total characters of the ITS sequence (
<tableCitation id="604F058388146A13DA5EFDFAFD06155B" box="[639,740,604,630]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="14.[264,352,723,747]" captionTargetBox="[268,1309,826,1297]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 3: Sequence length of ITS regions, composition, and diagnostic characters of 5 isolates of Steinernema spp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/79B260B088146A13D929FD75FE5D1438" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" tableUuid="79B260B088146A13D929FD75FE5D1438">Tables 3</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="604F058388146A13DAD0FDFAFCE1155B" box="[753,771,604,630]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="14.[264,352,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[268,1278,1572,1789]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 4. Pairwise distances of ITS regions betwwen taxa. Below the diagonal: Total character differences; above diagonal: Mean character differences (adjusted for missing data)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/79B260B088146A13D929FA1AFB8912D0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" tableUuid="79B260B088146A13D929FA1AFB8912D0">4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="79B260B088146A13D929FD75FE5D1438" ID-Table-UUID="79B260B088146A13D929FD75FE5D1438" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/79B260B088146A13D929FD75FE5D1438" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[268,1309,826,1297]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="2D72303888146A13D929FD75FE5D1438" blockId="14.[264,1323,723,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D929FD75FE9615C6" bold="true" box="[264,372,723,747]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">TABLE 3</emphasis>
: Sequence length of ITS regions, composition, and diagnostic characters of 5 isolates of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13D929FD5BFE6E1439" box="[264,396,765,788]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D929FD5BFE6E1439" box="[264,396,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Steinernema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D72303888146A13D92DFC9CFEDD123C" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<table id="5FCDC298881495E2D92DFC9CFAFF123C" box="[268,1309,826,1297]" gridcols="8" gridrows="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DFC9CFAFF1463" box="[268,1309,826,846]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DFC9CFE081463" box="[268,490,826,846]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Species</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2DAA8FC9CFD511463" box="[649,691,826,846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ITS1</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2DAC8FC9CFCF61463" box="[745,788,826,846]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ITS2</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2DB6DFC9CFC931463" box="[844,881,826,846]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2DB8DFC9CFC331463" box="[940,977,826,846]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2DC2DFC9CFBD31463" box="[1036,1073,826,846]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2DC4CFC9CFB701463" box="[1133,1170,826,846]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2DCE0FC9CFAFF1463" box="[1217,1309,826,846]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnostic</th>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DFCC0FAFF1454" box="[268,1309,870,889]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DFCC0FE081454" box="[268,490,870,889]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(Seq length)</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAA8FCC0FD511454" box="[649,691,870,889]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(bp)</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAC8FCC0FCF61454" box="[745,788,870,889]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(bp)</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB6DFCC0FC931454" box="[844,881,870,889]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(%)</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB8DFCC0FC331454" box="[940,977,870,889]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(%)</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC2DFCC0FBD31454" box="[1036,1073,870,889]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(%)</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC4CFCC0FB701454" box="[1133,1170,870,889]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(%)</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DCE0FCC0FAFF1454" box="[1217,1309,870,889]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">character*</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DFC28FAFF148C" box="[268,1309,910,929]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DFC28FE08148C" box="[268,490,910,929]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13D92DFC28FE45148D" box="[268,423,910,928]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D92DFC28FE45148D" box="[268,423,910,928]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAA8FC28FD51148C" box="[649,691,910,929]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">285</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAC8FC28FCF6148C" box="[745,788,910,929]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">293</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB6DFC28FC93148C" box="[844,881,910,929]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">24.1</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB8DFC28FC33148C" box="[940,977,910,929]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">19.6</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC2DFC28FBD3148C" box="[1036,1073,910,929]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">26.7</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC4CFC28FB70148C" box="[1133,1170,910,929]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">29.6</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DCE0FC28FAFF148C" box="[1217,1309,910,929]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DFC13FAFF14E5" box="[268,1309,949,968]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DFC13FE0814E5" box="[268,490,949,968]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(986)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DFC46FAFF14DE" box="[268,1309,992,1011]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DFC46FE0814DE" box="[268,490,992,1011]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13D92DFC46FE7214DF" box="[268,400,992,1010]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D92DFC46FE7214DF" box="[268,400,992,1010]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CB2B
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAA8FC46FD5114DE" box="[649,691,992,1011]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">257</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAC8FC46FCF614DE" box="[745,788,992,1011]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">292</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB6DFC46FC9314DE" box="[844,881,992,1011]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">25.1</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB8DFC46FC3314DE" box="[940,977,992,1011]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">19.6</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC2DFC46FBD314DE" box="[1036,1073,992,1011]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">25.8</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC4CFC46FB7014DE" box="[1133,1170,992,1011]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">29.5</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DCE0FC46FAFF14DE" box="[1217,1309,992,1011]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DFBA1FAFF1337" box="[268,1309,1031,1050]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DFBA1FE081337" box="[268,490,1031,1050]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(955)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DFB94FAFF1368" box="[268,1309,1074,1093]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DFB94FE081368" box="[268,490,1074,1093]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13D92DFB94FE981369" box="[268,378,1074,1092]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D92DFB94FE981369" box="[268,378,1074,1092]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. diaprepesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAA8FB94FD511368" box="[649,691,1074,1093]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">301</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAC8FB94FCF61368" box="[745,788,1074,1093]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">313</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB6DFB94FC931368" box="[844,881,1074,1093]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">24.9</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB8DFB94FC331368" box="[940,977,1074,1093]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">21.2</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC2DFB94FBD31368" box="[1036,1073,1074,1093]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">24.9</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC4CFB94FB701368" box="[1133,1170,1074,1093]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">29</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DCE0FB94FAFF1368" box="[1217,1309,1074,1093]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">91</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DFBFCFAFF1340" box="[268,1309,1114,1133]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DFBFCFE081340" box="[268,490,1114,1133]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(1022)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DFB23FAFF13B5" box="[268,1309,1157,1176]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DFB23FE0813B5" box="[268,490,1157,1176]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13D92DFB23FEBE13BA" box="[268,348,1157,1175]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D92DFB23FEBE13BA" box="[268,348,1157,1175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. glaseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAA8FB23FD5113B5" box="[649,691,1157,1176]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">279</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAC8FB23FCF613B5" box="[745,788,1157,1176]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">302</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB6DFB23FC9313B5" box="[844,881,1157,1176]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">23.6</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB8DFB23FC3313B5" box="[940,977,1157,1176]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">21.8</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC2DFB23FBD313B5" box="[1036,1073,1157,1176]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">27.1</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC4CFB23FB7013B5" box="[1133,1170,1157,1176]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">27.5</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DCE0FB23FAFF13B5" box="[1217,1309,1157,1176]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">117</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DFB0AFAFF1392" box="[268,1309,1196,1215]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DFB0AFE081392" box="[268,490,1196,1215]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(988)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DFB71FAFF13C7" box="[268,1309,1239,1258]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DFB71FE0813C7" box="[268,490,1239,1258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13D92DFB71FE7213C4" box="[268,400,1239,1257]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D92DFB71FE7213C4" box="[268,400,1239,1257]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CWLO05
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAA8FB71FD5113C7" box="[649,691,1239,1258]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">257</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAC8FB71FCF613C7" box="[745,788,1239,1258]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">292</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB6DFB71FC9313C7" box="[844,881,1239,1258]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">24.7</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB8DFB71FC3313C7" box="[940,977,1239,1258]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">19.9</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC2DFB71FBD313C7" box="[1036,1073,1239,1258]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">25.9</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC4CFB71FB7013C7" box="[1133,1170,1239,1258]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">29.5</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DCE0FB71FAFF13C7" box="[1217,1309,1239,1258]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DFB58FAFF123C" box="[268,1309,1278,1297]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DFB58FE08123C" box="[268,490,1278,1297]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(956)</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888146A13D92FFA91FEA11249" blockId="14.[264,1321,1335,1380]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">* Diagnostic characters = numbers of characters (in the same column of the alignment) present in one sequence but not in others.</paragraph>
<caption id="79B260B088146A13D929FA1AFB8912D0" ID-Table-UUID="79B260B088146A13D929FA1AFB8912D0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/79B260B088146A13D929FA1AFB8912D0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[268,1278,1572,1789]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="2D72303888146A13D929FA1AFB8912D0" blockId="14.[264,1323,1468,1533]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D929FA1AFE9812F9" bold="true" box="[264,378,1468,1492]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Pairwise distances of ITS regions betwwen taxa. Below the diagonal:Total character differences; above diagonal: Mean character differences (adjusted for missing data).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D72303888146A13D92DF982FB0011D0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<table id="5FCDC298881495E2D92DF982FB1C11D0" box="[268,1278,1572,1789]" gridcols="6" gridrows="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DF982FB1C111A" box="[268,1278,1572,1591]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DF982FE08111A" box="[268,490,1572,1591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Species</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2DA6EF982FD9F111A" box="[591,637,1572,1591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">GUA</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2DAF1F982FCF7111A" box="[720,789,1572,1591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">CB2B</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2DB52F982FC5A111A" box="[883,952,1572,1591]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">DIA</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2DC37F982FBB9111A" box="[1046,1115,1572,1591]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">GLA</th>
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2DC98F982FB1C111A" box="[1209,1278,1572,1591]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">CWL05</th>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DF9EDFB1C1173" box="[268,1278,1611,1630]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DF9EDFE081173" box="[268,490,1611,1630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13D92DF9EDFE451170" box="[268,423,1611,1629]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D92DF9EDFE451170" box="[268,423,1611,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DA6EF9EDFD9F1173" box="[591,637,1611,1630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">­</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAF1F9EDFCF71173" box="[720,789,1611,1630]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.03704</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB52F9EDFC5A1173" box="[883,952,1611,1630]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.11191</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC37F9EDFBB91173" box="[1046,1115,1611,1630]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.14752</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC98F9EDFB1C1173" box="[1209,1278,1611,1630]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.04013</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DF9D5FB1C11AB" box="[268,1278,1651,1670]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DF9D5FE0811AB" box="[268,490,1651,1670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13D92DF9D5FE7211A8" box="[268,400,1651,1669]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D92DF9D5FE7211A8" box="[268,400,1651,1669]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CB2B
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DA6EF9D5FD9F11AB" box="[591,637,1651,1670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">35</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAF1F9D5FCF711AB" box="[720,789,1651,1670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">­</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB52F9D5FC5A11AB" box="[883,952,1651,1670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.10650</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC37F9D5FBB911AB" box="[1046,1115,1651,1670]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.14952</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC98F9D5FB1C11AB" box="[1209,1278,1651,1670]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.01368</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DF93CFB1C1180" box="[268,1278,1690,1709]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DF93CFE081180" box="[268,490,1690,1709]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13D92DF93DFE981180" box="[268,378,1691,1709]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D92DF93DFE981180" box="[268,378,1691,1709]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. diaprepesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DA6EF93CFD9F1180" box="[591,637,1690,1709]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">109</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAF1F93CFCF71180" box="[720,789,1690,1709]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">100</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB52F93CFC5A1180" box="[883,952,1690,1709]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">­</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC37F93CFBB91180" box="[1046,1115,1690,1709]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.16046</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC98F93CFB1C1180" box="[1209,1278,1690,1709]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.10957</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DF964FB1C11F8" box="[268,1278,1730,1749]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DF964FE0811F8" box="[268,490,1730,1749]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13D92DF964FEBE11F9" box="[268,348,1730,1748]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D92DF964FEBE11F9" box="[268,348,1730,1748]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. glaseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DA6EF964FD9F11F8" box="[591,637,1730,1749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">140</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAF1F964FCF711F8" box="[720,789,1730,1749]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">141</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB52F964FC5A11F8" box="[883,952,1730,1749]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">155</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC37F964FBB911F8" box="[1046,1115,1730,1749]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">­</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC98F964FB1C11F8" box="[1209,1278,1730,1749]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.14799</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A881495E2D92DF94CFB1C11D0" box="[268,1278,1770,1789]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="D02C5B06881495E2D92DF94CFE0811D0" box="[268,490,1770,1789]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88146A13D92DF94CFE7211D1" box="[268,400,1770,1788]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88146A13D92DF94CFE7211D1" box="[268,400,1770,1788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CWLO05
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DA6EF94CFD9F11D0" box="[591,637,1770,1789]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">38</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DAF1F94CFCF711D0" box="[720,789,1770,1789]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DB52F94CFC5A11D0" box="[883,952,1770,1789]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">103</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC37F94CFBB911D0" box="[1046,1115,1770,1789]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">140</td>
<td id="D02C5B06881495E2DC98F94CFB1C11D0" box="[1209,1278,1770,1789]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">­</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="79B260B088156A12D929FA29FE621122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158643/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[357,1221,312,1398]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="2D72303888156A12D929FA29FE621122" blockId="15.[264,1325,1423,1551]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88156A12D929FA29FE66128A" bold="true" box="[264,388,1423,1447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
. Phylogenetic relationships between 17 species of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88156A12DB89FA36FBCE128A" box="[936,1068,1424,1447]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88156A12DB89FA36FBCE128A" box="[936,1068,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Steinernema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with bootstrap analysis of ITS regions. The five species
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88156A12DAA4FA14FCF712E4" box="[645,789,1458,1481]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diaprepesi">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88156A12DAA4FA14FCF712E4" box="[645,789,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. diaprepesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88156A12DB09FA14FC7012E4" box="[808,914,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
S,
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88156A12DB69FA14FC7012E4" box="[840,914,1458,1481]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">glaseri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88156A12DB84FA14FB8E12E4" box="[933,1132,1458,1481]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88156A12DB84FA14FB8E12E4" box="[933,1132,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88156A12DC5EFA14FAC812E4" box="[1151,1322,1458,1481]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88156A12DC5EFA14FB6E12E4" box="[1151,1164,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88156A12DCBEFA14FAC812E4" box="[1183,1322,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(strains CB2B and CWL05) form a monophyletic group. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap proportion.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D72303888156A0DD919F9CCFE6216D3" blockId="15.[264,1323,1642,1868]" lastBlockId="16.[264,1323,284,510]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The new species also can be differentiated from other closely related nematodes by characteristics of its 28S sequence. Phylogenetic tree of 28S partial sequence (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88156A12DCF6F934FAC01181" box="[1239,1314,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[264,368,1730,1754]" captionTargetBox="[332,1254,606,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[332,1254,601,1706]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Phylogenetic relationships between 25 species of Steinernema with bootstrap analysis of partial 28 S sequences. The eight species S. guangdongense n. sp., S. longicaudum (strains CWL 05, USA and CB 2 B) S. glaseri, S. cubanum, S. longicaudum CH, S. arenarium, S. puertoricense and S. karii form a monophyletic group. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap proportion." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158644/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) shows that
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88156A12D9AEF91DFD8411F9" box="[399,614,1723,1748]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88156A12D9AEF91DFD8411F9" box="[399,614,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188156A12DA4FF91CFD4D11F9" box="[622,687,1722,1748]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88156A12DACBF91DFC4011F9" box="[746,930,1723,1748]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88156A12DACBF91DFC4011F9" box="[746,930,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprise a monophyletic group. Pairwise distances from
<tableCitation id="604F058388156A12DA07F944FD9E11D1" box="[550,636,1762,1788]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="17.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetBox="[268,1306,387,723]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 5. Pairwise distances of the partial 28 S between taxa. Below diagonal: Total character differences. Above diagonal: Mean character differences (adjusted for missing data)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/79B260B0880B6A0CD929FEBDFB901670" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="79B260B0880B6A0CD929FEBDFB901670">Table 5</tableCitation>
can be used to separate the new species from other closely related nematodes. The sequence alignment (
<figureCitation id="B5F62CBD88156A12DB39F8ACFCBF1009" box="[792,861,1802,1828]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1832,1856]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Selective blocks of sequence alignments of ITS regions and partial 28 S showing diagnostic characters (red letters) of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. (continued on the next page)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) of this group shows that
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88156A12DCAFF8ADFEA91061" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88156A12DCAFF8ADFEA91061" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A515188156A12D972F894FE701061" box="[339,402,1842,1868]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has three diagnostic character states and differs from its sister taxon,
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88156A0DDCE6F895FE871618" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88156A0DDCE6F895FE871618" italics="true" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at nine base­pair characters. It is interesting that the pairwise distances show that there is no difference between a strain from
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A8880A6A0DDB0CFEE2FC8A1673" box="[813,872,324,350]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USA</collectingCountry>
and two Chinese strains (CB2B and CWL05) of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880A6A0DD9BBFECAFDB016A8" box="[410,594,364,389]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DD9BBFECAFDB016A8" box="[410,594,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="604F0583880A6A0DDA43FECAFD5C16AB" box="[610,702,364,390]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="17.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetBox="[268,1306,387,723]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 5. Pairwise distances of the partial 28 S between taxa. Below diagonal: Total character differences. Above diagonal: Mean character differences (adjusted for missing data)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/79B260B0880B6A0CD929FEBDFB901670" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="79B260B0880B6A0CD929FEBDFB901670">Table 5</tableCitation>
). Also, the distances between
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880A6A0DDC08FECAFB0316A8" box="[1065,1249,364,390]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DDC08FECAFBD516A8" box="[1065,1079,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DDC69FECAFB0316A8" box="[1096,1249,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strain
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A8880A6A0DD929FE32FED61683" box="[264,308,404,430]" name="Switzerland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CH</collectingCountry>
, and CB2B, CWL0, and
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A8880A6A0DDA43FE32FD7F1683" box="[610,669,404,430]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USA</collectingCountry>
are 33 base pairs. It is possible that the strain
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A8880A6A0DDCEAFE32FB161683" box="[1227,1268,404,430]" name="Switzerland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CH</collectingCountry>
was misidentified as a strain of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880A6A0DDA62FE1AFD1B16F8" box="[579,761,444,469]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DDA62FE1AFD1B16F8" box="[579,761,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The identification of this isolate needs to be reevaluated.
</paragraph>
<caption id="79B260B0880A6A0DD929F964FEDB1049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158644/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[332,1254,606,1706]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="2D723038880A6A0DD929F964FEDB1049" blockId="16.[264,1323,1730,1892]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DD929F964FE6811F7" bold="true" box="[264,394,1730,1754]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic relationships between 25 species of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880A6A0DDB89F964FBCE11F4" box="[936,1068,1730,1753]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DDB89F964FBCE11F4" box="[936,1068,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Steinernema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with bootstrap analysis of partial 28S sequences. The eight species
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880A6A0DDB21F943FC2511D1" box="[768,967,1765,1788]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DDB21F943FC2511D1" box="[768,967,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A5151880A6A0DDBF2F943FBF611D1" box="[979,1044,1765,1788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880A6A0DDC04F943FB3211D1" box="[1061,1232,1765,1788]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DDC04F943FB3211D1" box="[1061,1232,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(strains CWL05, USA and CB2B)
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880A6A0DDA0AF8AEFD731032" box="[555,657,1800,1823]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DDA0AF8AEFD731032" box="[555,657,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. glaseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880A6A0DDABEF8AEFCFF1032" box="[671,797,1800,1823]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cubanum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DDABEF8AEFCFF1032" box="[671,797,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. cubanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880A6A0DDB12F8AEFC3B1032" box="[819,985,1800,1823]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DDB12F8AEFC3B1032" box="[819,985,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CH,
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880A6A0DDC34F8AEFB421032" box="[1045,1184,1800,1823]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenarium">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DDC34F8AEFB421032" box="[1045,1184,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. arenarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880A6A0DDC8FF8AEFEA1106C" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="puertoricense">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DDC8FF8AEFEA1106C" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. puertoricense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880A6A0DD95AF88CFE28106C" box="[379,458,1834,1857]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karii">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880A6A0DD95AF88CFE28106C" box="[379,458,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. karii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form a monophyletic group. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap proportion.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="79B260B0880B6A0CD929FEBDFB901670" ID-Table-UUID="79B260B0880B6A0CD929FEBDFB901670" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/79B260B0880B6A0CD929FEBDFB901670" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[268,1306,387,723]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="2D723038880B6A0CD929FEBDFB901670" blockId="17.[264,1324,283,349]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CD929FEBDFE9E161E" bold="true" box="[264,380,283,307]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Pairwise distances of the partial 28S between taxa. Below diagonal: Total character differences. Above diagonal: Mean character differences (adjusted for missing data).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D723038880B6A0CD92DFE25FAE215FE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<table id="5FCDC298880B95E2D92DFE25FAF815FE" box="[268,1306,387,723]" gridcols="9" gridrows="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<tr id="93FD327A880B95E2D92DFE25FAF816BB" box="[268,1306,387,406]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2D92DFE25FE3816BB" box="[268,474,387,406]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Species</th>
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA2FFE25FDA516BB" box="[526,583,387,406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">GUA*</th>
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA4EFE25FD5616BB" box="[623,692,387,406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">GLA*</th>
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2DAF4FE25FCF816BB" box="[725,794,387,406]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CWL05</th>
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB1DFE25FC6316BB" box="[828,897,387,406]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CUB*</th>
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB82FE25FC0A16BB" box="[931,1000,387,406]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ARE*</th>
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC28FE25FBAC16BB" box="[1033,1102,387,406]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USA</th>
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC4EFE25FB5616BB" box="[1135,1204,387,406]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CB2B</th>
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2DCF5FE25FAF816BB" box="[1236,1306,387,406]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CH</th>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A880B95E2D92DFE0DFAF81693" box="[268,1306,427,446]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2D92DFE0DFE381693" box="[268,474,427,446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CD92DFE0DFE451690" box="[268,423,427,445]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CD92DFE0DFE451690" box="[268,423,427,445]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA2FFE0DFDA51693" box="[526,583,427,446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">­</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA4EFE0DFD561693" box="[623,692,427,446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.06263</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DAF4FE0DFCF81693" box="[725,794,427,446]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.01952</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB1DFE0DFC631693" box="[828,897,427,446]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.06061</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB82FE0DFC0A1693" box="[931,1000,427,446]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.05832</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC28FE0DFBAC1693" box="[1033,1102,427,446]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.01952</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC4EFE0DFB561693" box="[1135,1204,427,446]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.01952</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DCF5FE0DFAF81693" box="[1236,1306,427,446]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.06479</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A880B95E2D92DFE75FAF816CB" box="[268,1306,467,486]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2D92DFE75FE3816CB" box="[268,474,467,486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CD92DFE75FEBE16C8" box="[268,348,467,485]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CD92DFE75FEBE16C8" box="[268,348,467,485]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. glaseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA2FFE75FDA516CB" box="[526,583,467,486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">29</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA4EFE75FD5616CB" box="[623,692,467,486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">­</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DAF4FE75FCF816CB" box="[725,794,467,486]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.07143</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB1DFE75FC6316CB" box="[828,897,467,486]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.00644</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB82FE75FC0A16CB" box="[931,1000,467,486]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.03656</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC28FE75FBAC16CB" box="[1033,1102,467,486]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.07143</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC4EFE75FB5616CB" box="[1135,1204,467,486]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.07143</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DCF5FE75FAF816CB" box="[1236,1306,467,486]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.01071</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A880B95E2D92DFE5CFAF81520" box="[268,1306,506,525]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2D92DFE5CFE381520" box="[268,474,506,525]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CD92DFE5CFE721521" box="[268,400,506,524]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CD92DFE5CFE721521" box="[268,400,506,524]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CWL05
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA2FFE5CFDA51520" box="[526,583,506,525]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA4EFE5CFD561520" box="[623,692,506,525]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">33</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DAF4FE5CFCF81520" box="[725,794,506,525]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">­</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB1DFE5CFC631520" box="[828,897,506,525]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.07359</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB82FE5CFC0A1520" box="[931,1000,506,525]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.05411</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC28FE5CFBAC1520" box="[1033,1102,506,525]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.00000</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC4EFE5CFB561520" box="[1135,1204,506,525]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.00000</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DCF5FE5CFAF81520" box="[1236,1306,506,525]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.07143</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A880B95E2D92DFD84FAF81518" box="[268,1306,546,565]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2D92DFD84FE381518" box="[268,474,546,565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CD92DFD84FE8D1519" box="[268,367,546,564]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cubanum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CD92DFD84FE8D1519" box="[268,367,546,564]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. cubanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA2FFD84FDA51518" box="[526,583,546,565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">28</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA4EFD84FD561518" box="[623,692,546,565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DAF4FD84FCF81518" box="[725,794,546,565]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">34</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB1DFD84FC631518" box="[828,897,546,565]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">­</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB82FD84FC0A1518" box="[931,1000,546,565]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.04095</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC28FD84FBAC1518" box="[1033,1102,546,565]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.07359</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC4EFD84FB561518" box="[1135,1204,546,565]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.07359</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DCF5FD84FAF81518" box="[1236,1306,546,565]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.01073</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A880B95E2D92DFDEFFAF81571" box="[268,1306,585,604]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2D92DFDEFFE381571" box="[268,474,585,604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CD92DFDECFE981571" box="[268,378,586,604]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenarium">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CD92DFDECFE981571" box="[268,378,586,604]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. arenarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA2FFDEFFDA51571" box="[526,583,585,604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">27</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA4EFDEFFD561571" box="[623,692,585,604]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">17</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DAF4FDEFFCF81571" box="[725,794,585,604]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">25</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB1DFDEFFC631571" box="[828,897,585,604]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">19</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB82FDEFFC0A1571" box="[931,1000,585,604]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">­</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC28FDEFFBAC1571" box="[1033,1102,585,604]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.05195</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC4EFDEFFB561571" box="[1135,1204,585,604]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.05195</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DCF5FDEFFAF81571" box="[1236,1306,585,604]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.04516</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A880B95E2D92DFDD7FAF815A9" box="[268,1306,625,644]" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2D92DFDD7FE3815A9" box="[268,474,625,644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CD92DFDD7FE7215AE" box="[268,400,625,643]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CD92DFDD7FE7215AE" box="[268,400,625,643]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
USA
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA2FFDD7FDA515A9" box="[526,583,625,644]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA4EFDD7FD5615A9" box="[623,692,625,644]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">33</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DAF4FDD7FCF815A9" box="[725,794,625,644]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB1DFDD7FC6315A9" box="[828,897,625,644]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">34</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB82FDD7FC0A15A9" box="[931,1000,625,644]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">24</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC28FDD7FBAC15A9" box="[1033,1102,625,644]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">­</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC4EFDD7FB5615A9" box="[1135,1204,625,644]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.00000</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DCF5FDD7FAF815A9" box="[1236,1306,625,644]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.07143</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A880B95E2D92DFD3EFAF81586" box="[268,1306,664,683]" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2D92DFD3EFE381586" box="[268,474,664,683]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CD92DFD3FFE721586" box="[268,400,665,683]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CD92DFD3FFE721586" box="[268,400,665,683]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CB2B
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA2FFD3EFDA51586" box="[526,583,664,683]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA4EFD3EFD561586" box="[623,692,664,683]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">33</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DAF4FD3EFCF81586" box="[725,794,664,683]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB1DFD3EFC631586" box="[828,897,664,683]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">34</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB82FD3EFC0A1586" box="[931,1000,664,683]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">24</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC28FD3EFBAC1586" box="[1033,1102,664,683]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC4EFD3EFB561586" box="[1135,1204,664,683]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">­</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DCF5FD3EFAF81586" box="[1236,1306,664,683]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">0.07143</td>
</tr>
<tr id="93FD327A880B95E2D92DFD66FAF815FE" box="[268,1306,704,723]" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<th id="D02C5B06880B95E2D92DFD66FE3815FE" box="[268,474,704,723]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CD92DFD66FE7215FF" box="[268,400,704,722]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CD92DFD66FE7215FF" box="[268,400,704,722]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CH
</th>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA2FFD66FDA515FE" box="[526,583,704,723]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">30</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DA4EFD66FD5615FE" box="[623,692,704,723]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DAF4FD66FCF815FE" box="[725,794,704,723]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">33</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB1DFD66FC6315FE" box="[828,897,704,723]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DB82FD66FC0A15FE" box="[931,1000,704,723]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">21</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC28FD66FBAC15FE" box="[1033,1102,704,723]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">33</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DC4EFD66FB5615FE" box="[1135,1204,704,723]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">33</td>
<td id="D02C5B06880B95E2DCF5FD66FAF815FE" box="[1236,1306,704,723]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">­</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038880B6A0CD92CFD50FC501424" blockId="17.[269,946,758,777]" box="[269,946,758,777]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
*
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A8880B6A0CD93CFD50FEA91424" box="[285,331,758,777]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">GUA</collectingCountry>
=
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CD943FD50FE0B1424" box="[354,489,758,777]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense">guangdongense</taxonomicName>
, GLA =
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CDA15FD50FD8D1424" box="[564,623,758,777]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">glaseri</taxonomicName>
, CUB =
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CDA9BFD50FCE91424" box="[698,779,758,777]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cubanum">cubanum</taxonomicName>
, ARE =
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CDB75FD50FC4F1424" box="[852,941,758,777]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenarium">arenarium</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038880B6A0CD919FCC6FB4413BF" blockId="17.[264,1324,864,1170]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Both morphological and molecular studies showed that the new nematode species belongs to
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CD9A8FC2FFE1A148F" box="[393,504,905,930]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaseri">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CD9A8FC2FFE1A148F" box="[393,504,905,930]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. glaseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, and is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CDB4FFC2FFBC6148F" box="[878,1060,905,930]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CDB4FFC2FFBC6148F" box="[878,1060,905,930]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with long body of IJ, morphometrical similarity, small pairwise distances, and monophyletic group). Geographic distribution shows that
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CDA5EFC7FFCA514DF" box="[639,839,985,1010]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guandongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CDA5EFC7FFCA514DF" box="[639,839,985,1010]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. guandongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A5151880B6A0CDB6EFC7EFC6D14DF" box="[847,911,984,1010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was found in a very humid region (latitude
<geoCoordinate id="48F956FF880B6A0CD957FBA6FE321337" box="[374,464,1024,1050]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="555" value="20.49">N20.49</geoCoordinate>
, precipitation =
<quantity id="EA359DDD880B6A0CDA81FBA6FCEA1337" box="[672,776,1024,1050]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2000.0">2000mm</quantity>
/year) while
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CDB87FBA7FB801337" box="[934,1122,1025,1050]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CDB87FBA7FB801337" box="[934,1122,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in a colder and drier region (latitude
<geoCoordinate id="48F956FF880B6A0CDAB4FB8EFD0D136F" box="[661,751,1064,1090]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="555" value="39.5">N39.50</geoCoordinate>
, precipitation =
<quantity id="EA359DDD880B6A0CDB99FB8EFBFD136F" box="[952,1055,1064,1090]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="700.0">700 mm</quantity>
/year). The two nematodes may be derived from the same ancestors; the differences of the two nematodes may be due to their adaptations for their survival in different geographic conditions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038880B6A0CD929FB6FFCF413CF" blockId="17.[264,1324,1224,1410]" box="[264,790,1224,1250]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CD929FB6FFE7E13CF" box="[264,412,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A NOTE ON</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CD985FB6EFD9113CF" box="[420,627,1224,1250]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">STEINERNEMA</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CDA5BFB6EFCF413CF" box="[634,790,1224,1250]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="serratum">SERRATUM</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038880B6A0CD919FB56FAC612AF" blockId="17.[264,1324,1224,1410]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
While working with
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CDA0BFB57FD1D1227" box="[554,767,1265,1290]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guangdongense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CDA0BFB57FD1D1227" box="[554,767,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. guangdongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="048A5151880B6A0CDB27FB56FCA61227" box="[774,836,1264,1290]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
we contacted Professor Wang who is one of the authors of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CD9FAFABEFC7D121F" authority="Shen &amp; Wang, 1992" authorityName="Shen &amp; Wang" authorityYear="1992" box="[475,927,1304,1330]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CD9FAFABEFD76121C" box="[475,660,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. longicaudum</emphasis>
, Shen &amp; Wang, 1992
</taxonomicName>
. In a telephone conversation, we asked him about
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CD9F5FAE6FD811274" box="[468,611,1344,1369]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CD9F5FAE6FD821274" box="[468,608,1344,1369]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="serratum">S. serratum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
his answer was,
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CDB11FAE6FC5A1274" box="[816,952,1344,1369]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="serratum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CDB11FAE6FC5A1274" box="[816,952,1344,1369]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. serratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only a strain of
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CDCBDFAE6FED812AC" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CDCBDFAE6FB491274" box="[1180,1195,1344,1369]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A880B6A0CDC9BFAE6FED812AC" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">longicaudum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Our conversation could be summarized in the following letter from Professor Wang:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038880B6A0CD961FA11FDA012E0" blockId="17.[320,578,1463,1485]" box="[320,578,1463,1485]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">To whom it may concern</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038880B6A0CD961FA54FBCB11B7" blockId="17.[320,1289,1522,1690]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
This is to certify that: 1. The entomopathogenic nematode C8506 strain was isolated from a soil sample collected in an orchard of Laiyang Agricultural University, Shangdong Province,
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A8880B6A0CD961F98AFE9C116F" box="[320,382,1580,1602]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">China</collectingCountry>
in 1985 by Dr Shen and myself and it was described as
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CDBC7F98AFB6F116F" box="[998,1165,1580,1602]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
in 1992; 2. The WL05 strain which was also known as CWL05 in some publications was isolated from the same orchard in 1986 by Dr Liu Jie, this strain was described by Dr Liu as
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB880B6A0CDC55F9C1FB0D1150" box="[1140,1263,1639,1661]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="serratum">S. serratum</taxonomicName>
in his PhD dissertation;
<date id="597316F8880B6A0CDA03F922FDA111B7" box="[546,579,1668,1690]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3. I</date>
had successfully crossed C8506 with CWl05.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038880B6A0CD961F962FE3911F7" blockId="17.[320,475,1732,1754]" box="[320,475,1732,1754]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Yours faithfully</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038880B6A0CD961F959FDC21038" blockId="17.[320,747,1791,1872]" box="[320,544,1791,1813]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prof. Guohang Wang</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038880B6A0CD961F8BAFDB6101F" blockId="17.[320,747,1791,1872]" box="[320,596,1820,1842]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">School of Plant Protection</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D723038880B6A0FD961F89CFB8D161B" blockId="17.[320,747,1791,1872]" lastBlockId="18.[264,1324,284,550]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Southern Agriculture University of
<collectingCountry id="55DA70A8880B6A0CDA8DF89CFD09107D" box="[684,747,1850,1872]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">China</collectingCountry>
Professor Wang can be reached at telephone number 86­20­85281910.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D72303888086A0FD919FEE2FC9C1508" blockId="18.[264,1324,284,550]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
According to articles No 8, and 9 (11) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the third edition, a dissertation is not considered as a publication; hence the species name
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88086A0FD970FE32FE381680" box="[337,474,404,429]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="serratum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88086A0FD970FE32FE381680" box="[337,474,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. serratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Lius dissertation is not valid. As stated by Prof. Wang in the above letter, he had successfully crossed isolate CWL05 (
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88086A0FDB41FE1AFC0A16F8" box="[864,1000,444,469]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="serratum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88086A0FDB41FE1AFC0A16F8" box="[864,1000,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. serratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and isolate C8506 (
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88086A0FDCFFFE1AFE6716D0" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88086A0FDCFFFE1AFE9F16D0" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
; we confirm that the name
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88086A0FDAF4FE42FCBD16D0" box="[725,863,484,509]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="serratum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88086A0FDAF4FE42FCBD16D0" box="[725,863,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. serratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not valid and the nematode used to described
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88086A0FD9A1FDAAFDE51508" box="[384,519,524,549]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="serratum">
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88086A0FD9A1FDAAFDE51508" box="[384,519,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. serratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a strain of
<emphasis id="1FB9EC2A88086A0FDA9EFDAAFC9C1508" box="[703,894,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="EACD4BBB88086A0FDA9EFDAAFC981508" box="[703,890,524,549]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudum">S. longicaudum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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