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<document id="78C985F013852D0F9C024B5A1EDB275B" ID-DOI="10.4202/app.00661.2019" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626646" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1707250217550" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rotatori, Filippo Maria, Moreno-Azanza, Miguel &amp; Mateus, Octávio" docDate="2020" docId="926187EDFFC69340BF3CF967FDEDFE76" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.65.1.35-57.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 65 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00661.2019" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E.4:ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Dryosauridae Milner and Norman 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="6E58FF95FFC59349BC14FF90FFA9FFC8" masterDocTitle="New information on ornithopod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic of Portugal" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1714519056122" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A25D24E3B222D90A97833552EF6FB25B">New information on ornithopod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic of Portugal</mods:title>
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<treatment id="926187EDFFC69340BF3CF967FDEDFE76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11088643" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11088643" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:926187EDFFC69340BF3CF967FDEDFE76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/926187EDFFC69340BF3CF967FDEDFE76" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection id="52D26570FFC6934ABF3CF967FB8CF8DB" box="[808,1061,1783,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC6934ABF3CF967FB8CF8DB" blockId="3.[808,1061,1783,1811]" box="[808,1061,1783,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC6934ABF3CF967FC7DF8DB" authorityName="Milner and Norman" authorityYear="1984" box="[808,980,1783,1811]" family="Dryosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dryosauridae</taxonomicName>
indet.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52D26570FFC6934ABF3CF8B4FC20F8F1" box="[808,905,1828,1849]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC6934ABF3CF8B4FC20F8F1" blockId="3.[808,905,1828,1849]" box="[808,905,1828,1849]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<figureCitation id="82F32A7EFFC6934ABF3CF8B4FC2CF8F1" box="[808,901,1828,1849]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[151,184,1297,1317]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,184,1641,1661]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,184,1238,1258]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1533,161,1270]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1521,169,1606]" captionTargetBox-2="[153,1522,164,1210]" captionTargetId-0="figure-307@4.[153,1533,183,1270]" captionTargetId-1="figure-124@6.[153,1525,166,1611]" captionTargetId-2="figure-452@8.[153,1522,164,1196]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Cranial material of Dryosauridae indet. from the Lourinhã municipality, Portugal, Lourinhã Formation, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian. A. ML 1851, parietal in dorsal (A1, A3) and ventral (A2, A4) views. B. ML 768, dentary in lateral (B1), dashed frame indicates area with foramina, dorsal (B2), medial (B3) and ventral (B4) views, detail of dentary tooth (B5)." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Axial skeleton elements of Dryosauridae indet. (A, B) from the Lourinhã municipality, Portugal, Lourinhã Formation, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian compared with of Dryosaurus altus (C), Camptosaurus (“Uteodon”) aphanoecetes (D), and Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis (E). Dorsal vertebrae: ML 2321a (A) and ML 2321b (B), in dorsal (A1, B1), anterior (A2, B2), lateral (A3, A6, B3, B6), posterior (A4, B4), and ventral (A5, B5) views. Dorsal neural arches: YPM 1876 (C), CM 11337 (D), IRSNB 1551 (E), in dorsal view." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Limb bones of Dryosauridae indet. from the Lourinhã municipality, Portugal, Lourinhã Formation, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian. A, B. Femur, ML 2055 (A), ML 563 (B), in anterior (A1, B1), lateral (A2, B2), medial (A3, B3), posterior (A4, B4), distal (A5, B5), and proximal (A6, B6) views. C, D. Tibia, ML 2055 associated to femur ML 2055 (C), ML 505 (D), in anterior (C1, D1), lateral (C2, D2), posterior (C3, D3), medial (C4, D4), proximal (D5), and distal (C5, D6) views." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626652" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626654" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626656" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10626652/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10626654/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10626656/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52D26570FFC6934DBF3CF8DDFEDEF9D0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC6934DBF3CF8DDFEDEF9D0" blockId="3.[808,1481,1869,1960]" lastBlockId="4.[151,825,1405,1560]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC6934ABF3CF8DDFC23F8AE" box="[808,906,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Material</emphasis>
.—ML 1851, an almost complete isolated parietal from Praia da Peralta; ML 2321, two partial associated neural arches from Praia de
<collectingRegion id="D80CF819FFC6934AB890F81FFB68F860" box="[1156,1217,1935,1960]" country="Portugal" name="Porto" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Porto</collectingRegion>
Dinheiro; ML 768, a partial tooth-bearing isolated dentary, ML 2055, associated femur and tibia from Praia do Zimbral; ML 563, isolated femur from Lourinhã coastline; ML 505, isolated tibia from Praia de Vale Pombas. All from Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, Lourinhã,
<collectingCountry id="62DF766BFFC1934DBD04FA6FFEDDF9D0" box="[272,372,1535,1560]" name="Portugal" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Portugal</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="4EB76673FFC1934DBC83FA81FD3DFA95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626652" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626652/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" startId="4.[151,184,1297,1317]" targetBox="[152,1533,161,1270]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC1934DBC83FA81FD3DFA95" blockId="4.[151,1535,1295,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
Fig. 2. Cranial material of
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC1934DBD9AFA81FDA1FAED" authorityName="Milner and Norman" authorityYear="1984" box="[398,520,1297,1317]" family="Dryosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dryosauridae</taxonomicName>
indet. from the Lourinhã municipality, Portugal, Lourinhã Formation, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian.
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC1934DB993FA9FFA3EFAEC" bold="true" box="[1415,1431,1295,1316]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
. ML 1851, parietal in dorsal (A
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, A
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) and ventral (A
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, A
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) views.
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC1934DBE96FABCFD38FA89" bold="true" box="[642,657,1324,1345]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
. ML 768, dentary in lateral (B
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), dashed frame indicates area with foramina, dorsal (B
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), medial (B
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) and ventral (B
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) views, detail of dentary tooth (B
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).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="52D26570FFC1934EBC83F9BAFEA0FD55" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC1934DBC83F9BAFEB6F98B" box="[151,287,1578,1603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Description</emphasis>
.—
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC1934DBD50F9BAFDA3F98B" box="[324,522,1578,1603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Cranial skeleton</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC1934DBE35F9BAFDD6F98B" box="[545,639,1578,1603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Parietal</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="82F32A7EFFC1934DBE83F9BAFD51F98B" box="[663,760,1578,1603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1297,1317]" captionTargetBox="[152,1533,161,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-307@4.[153,1533,183,1270]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Cranial material of Dryosauridae indet. from the Lourinhã municipality, Portugal, Lourinhã Formation, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian. A. ML 1851, parietal in dorsal (A1, A3) and ventral (A2, A4) views. B. ML 768, dentary in lateral (B1), dashed frame indicates area with foramina, dorsal (B2), medial (B3) and ventral (B4) views, detail of dentary tooth (B5)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626652/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). An isolated almost complete parietal (ML 1851), missing the right lateral half, is
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in length and
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in width. It appears to be sub-triangular in shape, wider anteriorly than posteriorly. The preserved contact with the frontals is W-shaped, presenting an interdigitated suture as seen in
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC1934DBCACF97CFD9CF8CD" authority="(Janensch, 1955)" baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[184,565,1772,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dysalotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC1934DBCACF97CFEC3F8CD" box="[184,362,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Dysalotosaurus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC1934DBD68F97CFD84F8CD" author="Janensch, W." box="[380,557,1772,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" pagination="105 - 176" refId="ref17818" refString="Janensch, W. 1955. Der Ornithopode Dysalotosaurus der Tendaguruschichten. Palaeontographica-Supplementbande 3: 105 - 176." type="journal article" year="1955">Janensch, 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The preserved lateral process projects antero-ventrally, having a smooth concave surface. Posteriorly, the lateral processes converge medially to enclose a deep median notch between steep margins. Towards the midline of the notch, the proximal-most part of the nuchal crest is distinguishable although slightly eroded. The ventral surface is concave, flaring in a deep pit anteriorly until the bone margin. Towards the midline pit, two small depressions are preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC1934CBF90FA70FD81FC40" blockId="4.[862,1535,1405,1960]" lastBlockId="5.[98,771,160,904]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC1934DBF90FA70FC4BFA31" box="[900,994,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Dentary</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="82F32A7EFFC1934DBFE3FA70FBFDFA31" box="[1015,1108,1504,1529]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1297,1317]" captionTargetBox="[152,1533,161,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-307@4.[153,1533,183,1270]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Cranial material of Dryosauridae indet. from the Lourinhã municipality, Portugal, Lourinhã Formation, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian. A. ML 1851, parietal in dorsal (A1, A3) and ventral (A2, A4) views. B. ML 768, dentary in lateral (B1), dashed frame indicates area with foramina, dorsal (B2), medial (B3) and ventral (B4) views, detail of dentary tooth (B5)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626652/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
): ML 768 is a fragment of a right dentary bone (length
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, height
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, latero-medial thickness
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), fractured on both caudal and rostral ends, first reported by
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC1934DB83DF9D3FB65F994" author="Mateus, O." box="[1065,1228,1603,1628]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" pagination="223 - 231" refId="ref18162" refString="Mateus, O. 2006. Late Jurassic dinosaurs from the Morrison Formation (USA), the Lourinha and Alcobaca formations (Portugal), and the Tendaguru Beds (Tanzania): a comparison. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36: 223 - 231." type="journal article" year="2006">Mateus (2006)</bibRefCitation>
as aff.
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC1934DB925F9D3FA4AF994" box="[1329,1507,1603,1628]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dryosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC1934DB925F9D3FA1EF994" box="[1329,1463,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Dryosaurus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
It preserves seven tooth positions and one isolated tooth, two erupting teeth and six roots of already worn down teeth. The alveoli display an intra-alveolar border (character 136: 0), but the close proximity of the preserved crowns indicates the absence of intracrown spaces (character 154: 1). In dorsal view, ML 768 is sinuous in shape and the medio-lateral section is slightly concave-convex, towards the lateral surface. The tooth row is convergent anteriorly and divergent posteriorly (character 122: 1). The lateral surface is smooth, bearing seven visible vascular foramina on three different levels character 145: 0). On the medial surface, a deep Meckelian sulcus runs for the entire length of the tooth-row. The margins of the sulcus are neat and straight. Caudally, on the medial surface, and dorsal to the Meckelian sulcus, the splenial sutural contact is preserved and it exhibits a highly dense capillary vascular system. The ventral surface does not possess a ventral flange (character 121: 0). The two preserved crowns are diamond-shaped (character 155: 1) and mesiodistally expanded (character 135: 1) with a smoothly rounded apex. The enamel is asymmetrically distributed (character 140: 1), being present only on the lingual surface of the crown. The crown margin possesses coarsely serrated hooklike non-mammilated denticles (character 139: 1). On the lingual side of the crown, an apicobasally extended primary ridge (character 158: 1) is slightly distally offset (character 156: 1), being surrounded by faint secondary ridges (characters 141: 1, 159: 2). The ridges on the enamel are restricted to the lingual surface of the crown (character 160: 1). The denticles are generally not confluent with the crown ridges character 142: 0), which are less than
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number (character 157: 0). The worn down remains of dentary teeth (character 137: 1) do not show the presence of a cingulum between the crown and the root (character 143: 1).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC0934CBC76FC0AFEA9FC7B" box="[98,256,922,947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Axial skeleton</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC0934CBD1AFC0AFE06FC7B" box="[270,431,922,947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Neural arches</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="82F32A7EFFC0934CBDA9FC0AFE56FC7B" box="[445,511,922,947]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,184,1641,1661]" captionTargetBox="[158,1521,169,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-124@6.[153,1525,166,1611]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Axial skeleton elements of Dryosauridae indet. (A, B) from the Lourinhã municipality, Portugal, Lourinhã Formation, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian compared with of Dryosaurus altus (C), Camptosaurus (“Uteodon”) aphanoecetes (D), and Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis (E). Dorsal vertebrae: ML 2321a (A) and ML 2321b (B), in dorsal (A1, B1), anterior (A2, B2), lateral (A3, A6, B3, B6), posterior (A4, B4), and ventral (A5, B5) views. Dorsal neural arches: YPM 1876 (C), CM 11337 (D), IRSNB 1551 (E), in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
): Two small associated disarticulated neural arches (ML 2321) appear to be fractured and subsequently restored. One is almost complete, preserving both transverse processes (height
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, width
<quantity id="DD309B1EFFC0934CBC76FB8DFF18FBFE" box="[98,177,1053,1078]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
) and missing part of the neural canal. The other element preserves just the right transverse process (height
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, width
<quantity id="DD309B1EFFC0934CBCF3FBCEFE92FBBF" box="[231,315,1118,1143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
). Both specimens show a low degree of distortion, due to taphonomic processes. The neural spine is low and blade like, as is common in vertebrae of other basal iguanodontians from the cervical or anterior-dorsal series Norman 2004). Anteriorly, two slender and lobed prezygapophyses are present, positioned at about 45° relative to the horizontal. There is a well-marked constriction between the lobe located on the anterior-most end of the prezygapophyses, and the rest of the bony process. Posteriorly to the prezygapophyses, the prezygapophyseal lamina and the anterior centroparapophyseal lamina form a small notch. On the transverse processes, the diapophyses are broken towards the distal edge, showing a sub-triangular transverse section. The parapophyses, located ventrally to the diapophyses shaft, are constrained in the proximal half of the transverse process. Ventral to the parapophyses, on the lateral sides of the neural arches, a shallow depression is present. The two postzygapophyses, lobed like the prezygapophyses, show the same degree of inclination with respect to the horizontal. On the posterior side, wider and deeper notches, in comparison to the notches present on the anterior side, are formed by the postzygodiapophyseal lamina, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina and centropostzygapophyseal lamina. The same structure is seen in
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC0934CBD93F8DDFD54F8AE" authority="(Barrett et al. 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Barrett" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[391,765,1869,1894]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Valdosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC0934CBD93F8DDFDBCF8AE" box="[391,533,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Valdosaurus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC0934CBE31F8DDFD5FF8AE" author="Barrett, P. M. &amp; Butler, R. J. &amp; Twitchett, R. J. &amp; Hutt, S." box="[549,758,1869,1894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" pagination="131 - 163" refId="ref16075" refString="Barrett, P. M., Butler, R. J., Twitchett, R. J., and Hutt, S. 2011. New material of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Special Papers in Palaeontology 86: 131 - 163." type="journal article" year="2011">Barrett et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Ventrally, the two lateral walls of the neural canal, present a rugose surface, indicating an incomplete fused condition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC0934CBF3CFF30FA8EFC27" blockId="5.[808,1481,160,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC0934CBF3CFF30FB8CFF71" box="[808,1061,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Appendicular skeleton</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC0934CB820FF30FB25FF71" box="[1076,1164,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Femora</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="82F32A7EFFC0934CB88FFF30FABAFF71" box="[1179,1299,160,185]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1238,1258]" captionTargetBox="[153,1522,164,1210]" captionTargetId="figure-452@8.[153,1522,164,1196]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Limb bones of Dryosauridae indet. from the Lourinhã municipality, Portugal, Lourinhã Formation, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian. A, B. Femur, ML 2055 (A), ML 563 (B), in anterior (A1, B1), lateral (A2, B2), medial (A3, B3), posterior (A4, B4), distal (A5, B5), and proximal (A6, B6) views. C, D. Tibia, ML 2055 associated to femur ML 2055 (C), ML 505 (D), in anterior (C1, D1), lateral (C2, D2), posterior (C3, D3), medial (C4, D4), proximal (D5), and distal (C5, D6) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626656/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
): The left femur ML 563 is fragmented and heavily distorted. The proximal and distal ends are slightly eroded and fractured. Another, less distorted right femur (ML 2055) measures
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in total length. In ML 563 the general outline of the femoral shaft is strongly bowed anteriorly (character 248: 0). The proximal epiphysis partially preserves the femoral head, which is separated posteriorly by a shallow depression (inter-trochanteric fossa) from the greater trochanter (character 249: 1). The surface of the greater trochanter is flattened (character 252: 1). A broken blade-like surface, which represents the base of the 4th trochanter, is located in the proximal half of the shaft (character 254: 0). Medially, a collapsed surface overlaps the scar of the insertion of Musculus caudofemoralis longus, which is restricted to the medial surface of the shaft (character 256: 1). The distal epiphysis includes both condyles, with the medial larger than the lateral. The two condyles are divided anteriorly by a shallow, V-shaped extensor intercondylar groove (characters 257: 1, 258: 0) and posteriorly by a deep flexor grove. A small lateral process overhangs on the flexor groove opening (character 259: 1). The medial condyle is square shaped and straight, while the lateral presents a slightly inclined anterior edge, and a conspicuous finger-like posterior process (character 260: 1). The medial condyle protrudes cranially towards the lateral condyle (character 261: 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC0934CBF5AFC66FB76F92B" blockId="5.[808,1481,160,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">As in ML 563, ML 2055 presents the femoral shaft is bowed anteriorly (character 248: 0), being thick and robust in general proportions. The section is sub-triangular in the proximal and mid part of the shaft, becoming more rounded towards the distal epiphysis. The proximal epiphyisis preserves part of the femoral head with a constriction between it and the greater trochanter (character 249: 1). What is preserved of the greater trochanter shows a slightly convex surface (character 252: 0). On the medial surface of the shaft, positioned towards the mid-shaft but slightly proximal (character 254: 0), is a blade, like 4th trochanter (characters 253: 1, 255: 0) that is directed medioventrally. The scar of the Musculus caudofemoralis longus extends more to the base of the trochanter with respect to ML 563, but is still separated from it (character 256: 1). Distally, the epiphysis has both condyles preserved, divided anteriorly by a very prominent U-shaped extensor groove (character 257: 1, 258: 0). This groove is proportionally deeper than in ML 563. Posteriorly, the two condyles are separated by a deeper, fully open, flexor groove (character 259: 0). As in ML 563, the posterior finger-like process of the lateral condyle is strongly inset (character 260: 1), whereas medial condyle does not protrude cranially to the lateral condyle (character 261: 0).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC0934FBF5AF97AFC98F8EF" blockId="5.[808,1481,160,1960]" lastBlockId="6.[151,824,1773,1960]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC0934CBF5AF97AFC3FF8CB" box="[846,918,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Tibiae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="82F32A7EFFC0934CBFB1F97AFBB6F8CB" box="[933,1055,1770,1795]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1238,1258]" captionTargetBox="[153,1522,164,1210]" captionTargetId="figure-452@8.[153,1522,164,1196]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Limb bones of Dryosauridae indet. from the Lourinhã municipality, Portugal, Lourinhã Formation, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian. A, B. Femur, ML 2055 (A), ML 563 (B), in anterior (A1, B1), lateral (A2, B2), medial (A3, B3), posterior (A4, B4), distal (A5, B5), and proximal (A6, B6) views. C, D. Tibia, ML 2055 associated to femur ML 2055 (C), ML 505 (D), in anterior (C1, D1), lateral (C2, D2), posterior (C3, D3), medial (C4, D4), proximal (D5), and distal (C5, D6) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626656/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
): Two partially preserved right tibiae, present various degrees of erosion and fracturing. The specimen ML 505 is a heavily eroded but complete right tibia with some longitudinal fractures along the proximal and distal epiphyses. It measures
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in total length. The tibia ML 2055, associated with the ML 2055 femur, lacks the proximal epiphysis, has various fractures all along the shaft and was restored by epoxy resin, measuring
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.
</paragraph>
<caption id="4EB76673FFC3934FBC83F9F9FCC2F919" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626654" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626654/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" startId="6.[151,184,1641,1661]" targetBox="[158,1521,169,1606]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC3934FBC83F9F9FCC2F919" blockId="6.[151,1536,1641,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
Fig. 3. Axial skeleton elements of
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC3934FBDC7F9F9FDE4F9B5" authorityName="Milner and Norman" authorityYear="1984" box="[467,589,1641,1661]" family="Dryosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dryosauridae</taxonomicName>
indet. (A, B) from the Lourinhã municipality, Portugal, Lourinhã Formation, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian compared with of
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC3934FBD5EF915FE42F951" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[330,491,1669,1689]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dryosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC3934FBD5EF915FE42F951" box="[330,491,1669,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Dryosaurus altus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C),
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC3934FBE30F915FD01F951" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" box="[548,680,1669,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Camptosauridae" genus="Camptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC3934FBE30F915FD01F951" box="[548,680,1669,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Camptosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(“
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC3934FBED0F915FCBBF951" authorityName="McDonald" authorityYear="2011" box="[708,786,1669,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Uteodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC3934FBED0F915FCBBF951" box="[708,786,1669,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Uteodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”)
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC3934FBF3AF915FC00F951" box="[814,937,1669,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Camptosauridae" genus="Camptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aphanoecetes">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC3934FBF3AF915FC00F951" box="[814,937,1669,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">aphanoecetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(D), and
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC3934FB819F915FA8FF951" authorityName=", ML" authorityYear="2042" box="[1037,1318,1669,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC3934FB819F915FA8FF951" box="[1037,1318,1669,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(E). Dorsal vertebrae: ML 2321a (
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC3934FBD11F90FFEBCF97C" bold="true" box="[261,277,1695,1716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
) and ML 2321b (
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC3934FBDAFF930FE63F97D" bold="true" box="[443,458,1696,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
), in dorsal (A
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, B
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), anterior (A
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, B
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), lateral (A
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, A
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, B
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, B
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), posterior (A
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, B
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), and ventral (A
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, B
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) views. Dorsal neural arches: YPM 1876 (
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC3934FBD98F92BFE35F919" bold="true" box="[396,412,1723,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
), CM 11337 (
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC3934FBE09F92CFD84F919" bold="true" box="[541,557,1724,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">D</emphasis>
), IRSNB 1551 (
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC3934FBED7F92CFD7BF919" bold="true" box="[707,722,1724,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">E</emphasis>
), in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC3934EBCA9F8BEFCAAFE92" blockId="6.[151,824,1773,1960]" lastBlockId="7.[98,771,160,669]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
In the tibia ML 505 the proximal epiphysis exhibits a conspicuous cnemial crest, a well-developed fibular condyle, and a small inner condyle. The cnemial crest possesses a concave lateral edge and a convex medial edge. It is divided from the fibular condyle by a rounded surface (contrary to
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC3934FBFF3F89EFAE0F8EF" authority=", Barrett et al. 2011" authorityName="Barrett" authorityYear="2011" box="[999,1353,1806,1831]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Valdosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC3934FBFF3F89EFBDDF8EF" box="[999,1140,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Valdosaurus</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC3934FB895F89EFAE0F8EF" author="Barrett, P. M. &amp; Butler, R. J. &amp; Twitchett, R. J. &amp; Hutt, S." box="[1153,1353,1806,1831]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" pagination="131 - 163" refId="ref16075" refString="Barrett, P. M., Butler, R. J., Twitchett, R. J., and Hutt, S. 2011. New material of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Special Papers in Palaeontology 86: 131 - 163." type="journal article" year="2011">Barrett et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). The inner condyle points latero-posteriorly, being divided from the fibular condyle by a narrow sulcus. The mid-shaft section is sub triangular in cross section, being flattened laterally and sharp medially, having a conspicuous crest departing from the distal-most part of the shaft (similar to the
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBE5CFF30FCABFF71" authorityName="Escaso, Ortega, Dantas, Malafaia, Silva, Gasulla, Mocho, Narváez &amp; Sanz" authorityYear="2014" box="[584,770,160,185]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Eousdryosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBE5CFF30FCABFF71" box="[584,770,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Eousdryosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="C5738859FFC2934EBC76FF50FF61FF11" box="[98,200,192,217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">holotype</typeStatus>
). The overall morphology of the shaft has been partially altered by the reconstruction process, therefore its taxonomical and systematical significance has to be considered cautiously. The distal epiphysis does not preserve any visible features, only the size of the two sub-equal malleoli.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC2934EBC93FEF1FEA0FD55" blockId="7.[98,771,160,669]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">In the tibia ML 2055 the proximal end is laterally compressed and fractured. The section of the mid-shaft is round character 263: 1) with a small crest on the lateral side. The distal epiphysis preserves both malleoli and in anterior view they exhibit a highly rugose surface. A deep sulcus, extends for most of the surface area of the lateral malleolus. The medial malleolus possesses a less extensive notch, while the lateral malleolus is more elongated posterolaterally (character 264: 1). In distal view, the two malleoli are at right angles to one another.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52D26570FFC29340BC76FD2AFDEDFE76" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC2934EBC76FD2AFE79FB3F" blockId="7.[98,771,698,1755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBC76FD2AFF6FFD1B" box="[98,198,698,723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Remarks</emphasis>
.—
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBCFEFD2AFD8BFD1B" box="[234,546,698,723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Cranial skeleton: Parietal</emphasis>
: Isolated parietals have not received much attention in literature, what hinders detailed comparisons. ML 1851 differs from
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBE47FD6AFF2FFCFB" genus="Othnielosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBE47FD6AFF2FFCFB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Othnielosaurus rex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBC81FC8AFED3FCFB" baseAuthorityName="Huxley" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[149,378,794,819]" class="Reptilia" family="Hypsilophodontidae" genus="Hypsilophodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foxii">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBC81FC8AFED3FCFB" box="[149,378,794,819]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Hypsilophodon foxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBD9DFC8AFDD7FCFB" box="[393,638,794,819]" class="Reptilia" family="Camptosauridae" genus="Camptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBD9DFC8AFDD7FCFB" box="[393,638,794,819]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Camptosaurus dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBEA9FC8AFF47FC9C" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1878" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dryosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBEA9FC8AFF47FC9C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Dryosaurus altus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in being sub triangular in general shape, having less anteriorly expanded lateral processes, a narrower sagittal crest, and proportionally longer posterior lateral processes (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBCF6FC0BFE21FC7C" author="Gilmore, C. W." box="[226,392,923,948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="197 - 332" refId="ref17231" refString="Gilmore, C. W. 1909. Osteology of the Jurassic reptile Camptosaurus with a revision of the species of the genus, and description of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Musuem (36): 197 - 332." type="journal article" year="1909">Gilmore 1909</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBD8DFC0BFD82FC7C" author="Galton, P. M." box="[409,555,923,948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref16936" refString="Galton, P. M. 1974. The ornithischian dinosaur Hypsilophodon from the Wealden of the Isle of Wight. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 25: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1974">Galton 1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBE28FC0BFDDAFC7C" author="Galton, P. M." box="[572,627,923,948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="271 - 312" refId="ref17007" refString="Galton, P. M. 1981. Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and Africa postcranial skeleton. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 55: 271 - 312." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBE90FC0BFF68FC1D" author="Norman, D. B. &amp; Sues, H. - D. &amp; Witmer, L. M. &amp; Coria, R. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="393 - 412" refId="ref18859" refString="Norman, D. B., Sues, H. - D., Witmer, L. M., and Coria, R. A. 2004. Basal Ornithopoda. In: D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmolska (eds.), The Dinosauria, 2 nd edition, 393 - 412. University of California Press, Berkeley." type="book chapter" year="2004">Norman et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
). ML 1851 shows striking similarities with mature specimens of
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBD3AFC4CFD27FC3D" authorityName=", ML" authorityYear="1851" box="[302,654,988,1013]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dysalotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lettowvorbecki">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBD3AFC4CFD27FC3D" box="[302,654,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBE8FFC4CFF32FBDD" author="Janensch, W." pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="105 - 176" refId="ref17818" refString="Janensch, W. 1955. Der Ornithopode Dysalotosaurus der Tendaguruschichten. Palaeontographica-Supplementbande 3: 105 - 176." type="journal article" year="1955">Janensch 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBCBFFC6CFE97FBDD" author="Galton, P. M." box="[171,318,1020,1045]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="271 - 312" refId="ref17007" refString="Galton, P. M. 1981. Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and Africa postcranial skeleton. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 55: 271 - 312." type="journal article" year="1981">Galton 1981</bibRefCitation>
; Norman 2004), however, contrasting with the x-shaped morphology of the parietal present in immature specimens of the same species (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBE3EFBADFD5EFB9E" author="Sobral, G. &amp; Hipsley, C. A. &amp; Muller, J." box="[554,759,1085,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="1090 - 1102" refId="ref19379" refString="Sobral, G., Hipsley, C. A., and Muller, J. 2012. Braincase redescription of Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) based on computed tomography. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32: 1090 - 1102." type="journal article" year="2012">Sobral et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). As in adults of
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBD37FBCDFDD8FBBE" authority=", ML 1851" authorityName=", ML" authorityYear="1851" box="[291,625,1117,1142]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dysalotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lettowvorbecki">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBD37FBCDFE5BFBBE" box="[291,498,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">D. lettowvorbecki</emphasis>
, ML 1851
</taxonomicName>
possesses a deeply arched lateral process which expands anteriorly, a W-shaped contact with the frontals, proportionately short posterior processes, and a wider sagittal crest (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBE6EFB2EFF5BFB3F" author="Hubner, T. &amp; Rauhut, O. W. M." pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="366 - 396" refId="ref17765" refString="Hubner, T. and Rauhut, O. W. M. 2010. A juvenile skull of Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia), and implications for cranial ontogeny, phylogeny, and taxonomy in ornithopod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 366 - 396." type="journal article" year="2010">Hübner and Rauhut 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBCEAFB4EFE6DFB3F" author="Sobral, G. &amp; Hipsley, C. A. &amp; Muller, J." box="[254,452,1246,1271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="1090 - 1102" refId="ref19379" refString="Sobral, G., Hipsley, C. A., and Muller, J. 2012. Braincase redescription of Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) based on computed tomography. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32: 1090 - 1102." type="journal article" year="2012">Sobral et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC2934EBC93FB6FFD91F913" blockId="7.[98,771,698,1755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBC93FB6FFF4DFAD0" box="[135,228,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Dentary</emphasis>
: The two crowns present in ML 768 shows the characteristic diamond shape typical of iguanodontian dinosaurs (Norman 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBD4CFAAFFE40FA90" author="Galton, P. M." box="[344,489,1343,1368]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="17 - 47" refId="ref17090" refString="Galton, P. M. 2006. Teeth of ornithischian dinosaurs (mostly Ornithopoda) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Western United States. In: K. Carpenter (ed.), Horns and Beaks. Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs, 17 - 47. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book chapter" year="2006">Galton 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The hook like denticles are typical of dryomorphan taxa such as
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBE21FACFFD52FAB0" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[565,763,1375,1400]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dryosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBE21FACFFD52FAB0" box="[565,763,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Dryosaurus altus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBC76FA10FE65FA51" authorityName=", ML" authorityYear="1851" box="[98,460,1408,1433]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dysalotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lettowvorbecki">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBC76FA10FE65FA51" box="[98,460,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBDF4FA10FFD6FA71" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBDF4FA10FFD6FA71" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Iguanodon bernissartensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBC84FA30FE46FA71" authorityName=", ML" authorityYear="2042" box="[144,495,1440,1465]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBC84FA30FE46FA71" box="[144,495,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Norman 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBEA2FA30FF36FA11" author="Galton, P. M." pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="17 - 47" refId="ref17090" refString="Galton, P. M. 2006. Teeth of ornithischian dinosaurs (mostly Ornithopoda) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Western United States. In: K. Carpenter (ed.), Horns and Beaks. Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs, 17 - 47. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book chapter" year="2006">Galton 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The number and position of primary and secondary ridges is extremely variable among species and even within the same tooth row, depending on the tooth position. ML 768 differs from the coeval ankylopollexians in the lack of a marked and mesially offset secondary ridge (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBEA1F9D1FF35F9B3" author="Galton, P. M." pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="17 - 47" refId="ref17090" refString="Galton, P. M. 2006. Teeth of ornithischian dinosaurs (mostly Ornithopoda) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Western United States. In: K. Carpenter (ed.), Horns and Beaks. Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs, 17 - 47. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book chapter" year="2006">Galton 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Instead, as in some specimens of
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBE53F9F2FD66F9B3" box="[583,719,1634,1659]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dryosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBE53F9F2FD66F9B3" box="[583,719,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Dryosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBC76F912FEBDF953" baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[98,276,1666,1691]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dysalotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBC76F912FEBDF953" box="[98,276,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Dysalotosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBD31F912FE1AF953" author="Galton, P. M." box="[293,435,1666,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="207 - 243" refId="ref17040" refString="Galton, P. M. 1983. The cranial anatomy of Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and East Africa, with a review of hypsilophodontids from the Upper Jurassic of North America. Geologica et Palaeontologica 17: 207 - 243." type="journal article" year="1983">Galton 1983</bibRefCitation>
, 2006;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBE1DF912FF31F973" author="Carpenter, K. &amp; Galton, P. M." pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="167 - 207" refId="ref16462" refString="Carpenter, K. and Galton, P. M. 2018. A photo documentation of bipedal ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, USA. Geology of the Intermountain West 5: 167 - 207." type="journal article" year="2018">Carpenter and Galton 2018</bibRefCitation>
) the single main ridge is positioned towards the midline of the crown, slightly caudally offset.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC2934EBC76F97DFC6EFC92" blockId="7.[98,771,1773,1960]" lastBlockId="7.[808,1481,160,858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBC76F97DFEAAF8CE" box="[98,259,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Axial skeleton</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBD00F97DFE1FF8CE" box="[276,438,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Neural arches</emphasis>
: The two isolated and disarticulated neural arches can be ascribed to Iguanodontia on the basis of stout transverse processes and zygapophyses inclined 45° with respect to one another (Norman 2004). Among iguanodontians, the constriction between the lobe of the prezygapophyses and the rest of the bony processes is not well-discussed in literature, but this character is present in
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBF61FF50FBA6FF11" authorityName="Milner and Norman" authorityYear="1984" box="[885,1039,192,217]" family="Dryosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dryosauridae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB834FF50FB61FF11" author="Janensch, W." box="[1056,1224,192,217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="105 - 176" refId="ref17818" refString="Janensch, W. 1955. Der Ornithopode Dysalotosaurus der Tendaguruschichten. Palaeontographica-Supplementbande 3: 105 - 176." type="journal article" year="1955">Janensch 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB8C2FF50FACDFF11" author="Galton, P. M." box="[1238,1380,192,217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="271 - 312" refId="ref17007" refString="Galton, P. M. 1981. Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and Africa postcranial skeleton. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 55: 271 - 312." type="journal article" year="1981">Galton 1981</bibRefCitation>
). On the contrary, ankylopollexians show stout and bulky prezygapophyses, see for instance
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EB872FE90FAF7FED1" box="[1126,1374,256,281]" class="Reptilia" family="Camptosauridae" genus="Camptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EB872FE90FAF7FED1" box="[1126,1374,256,281]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Camptosaurus dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EB964FE90FC3EFEF1" class="Reptilia" family="Camptosauridae" genus="Camptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aphanoecetes">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EB964FE90FC3EFEF1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">C. aphanoecetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBFBEFEB0FAA1FEF1" authorityName=", ML" authorityYear="2042" box="[938,1288,288,313]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Mantellisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherfieldensis">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBFBEFEB0FAA1FEF1" box="[938,1288,288,313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EB95AFEB0FC7CFE91" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EB95AFEB0FC7CFE91" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Iguanodon bernissartensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBFF2FED0FB21FE91" author="Gilmore, C. W." box="[998,1160,320,345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="197 - 332" refId="ref17231" refString="Gilmore, C. W. 1909. Osteology of the Jurassic reptile Camptosaurus with a revision of the species of the genus, and description of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Musuem (36): 197 - 332." type="journal article" year="1909">Gilmore 1909</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB882FED0FA9CFE91" author="Norman, D. B." box="[1174,1333,320,345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref18617" refString="Norman, D. B. 1980. On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from the lower Lower Cretaceous of Bernissart (Belgium). Memoir de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 178: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1980">Norman 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB957FED0FAD5FE91" author="Norman, D. B." box="[1347,1404,320,345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="281 - 372" refId="ref18692" refString="Norman, D. B. 1986. On the anatomy of Iguanodon atherfieldensis (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 56: 281 - 372." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
, 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBF3CFEF0FBC0FEB1" author="Carpenter, K. &amp; Wilson, Y." box="[808,1129,352,377]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="227 - 264" refId="ref16550" refString="Carpenter, K. and Wilson, Y. 2008. A new species of Camptosaurus (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a biomechanical analysis of its forelimb. Annals of Carnegie Museum 76: 227 - 264." type="journal article" year="2008">Carpenter and Wilson 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, the presence of anterior and posterior notches constituted by the abovementioned laminae, as seen in
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EB84EFE30FA21FE71" baseAuthorityName="Galton" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1114,1416,416,441]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Valdosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canaliculatus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EB84EFE30FA21FE71" box="[1114,1416,416,441]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Valdosaurus canaliculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, supports the attribution to
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EB82EFE50FA6FFE11" authority="(Barrett et al. 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Barrett" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[1082,1478,448,473]" family="Dryosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Dryosauridae (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB8F2FE50FA17FE11" author="Barrett, P. M. &amp; Butler, R. J. &amp; Twitchett, R. J. &amp; Hutt, S." box="[1254,1470,448,473]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="131 - 163" refId="ref16075" refString="Barrett, P. M., Butler, R. J., Twitchett, R. J., and Hutt, S. 2011. New material of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Special Papers in Palaeontology 86: 131 - 163." type="journal article" year="2011">Barrett et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The unfused neural arch condition is common among dryosaurid individuals (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB815FD91FB79FDD2" author="Barrett, P. M. &amp; Butler, R. J. &amp; Twitchett, R. J. &amp; Hutt, S." box="[1025,1232,513,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="131 - 163" refId="ref16075" refString="Barrett, P. M., Butler, R. J., Twitchett, R. J., and Hutt, S. 2011. New material of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Special Papers in Palaeontology 86: 131 - 163." type="journal article" year="2011">Barrett et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB8CEFD91FAC3FDD2" author="Barrett, P. M." box="[1242,1386,513,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="29 - 48" refId="ref16034" refString="Barrett, P. M. 2016. A new specimen of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithopoda: Dryosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, England. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 29 - 48." type="journal article" year="2016">Barrett 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB961FD91FCF7FDF2" author="Hubner, T." pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="43 - 120" refId="ref17733" refString="Hubner, T. 2018. The postcranial ontogeny of Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) and implications for the evolution of ornithopod dinosaurs. Palaeontographica A 43 - 120." type="book chapter" year="2018">Hübner 2018</bibRefCitation>
) since even the largest individuals known so far did not attain complete skeletal maturity (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB8F3FDD1FA6DFD92" author="Horner, J. R. &amp; De Ricqles, A. &amp; Padian, K. &amp; Scheetz, R. D." box="[1255,1476,577,602]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="734 - 747" refId="ref17571" refString="Horner, J. R., De Ricqles, A., Padian, K., and Scheetz, R. D. 2009. Comparative long bone histology and growth of the &quot; hypsilophodontid &quot; dinosaurs Orodromeus makelai, Dryosaurus altus, and Tenontosaurus tillettii (Ornithischia: Euornithopoda). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 734 - 747." type="journal article" year="2009">Horner et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBF3CFDF1FC16FDB2" author="Hubner, T." box="[808,959,609,634]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="29958" refId="ref17699" refString="Hubner, T. 2012. Bone Histology in Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) - Variation, Growth, and Implications. PLoS ONE 7 (1): e 29958." type="journal article" year="2012">Hübner 2012</bibRefCitation>
). This peculiar trait may explain why in this case and others reported (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB85BFD11FA89FD52" author="Barrett, P. M. &amp; Butler, R. J. &amp; Twitchett, R. J. &amp; Hutt, S." box="[1103,1312,641,666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="131 - 163" refId="ref16075" refString="Barrett, P. M., Butler, R. J., Twitchett, R. J., and Hutt, S. 2011. New material of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Special Papers in Palaeontology 86: 131 - 163." type="journal article" year="2011">Barrett et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB938FD11FA14FD52" author="Barrett, P. M." box="[1324,1469,641,666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="29 - 48" refId="ref16034" refString="Barrett, P. M. 2016. A new specimen of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithopoda: Dryosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, England. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 29 - 48." type="journal article" year="2016">Barrett 2016</bibRefCitation>
), isolated dorsal and cervical vertebral elements attributed to dryosaurids are often recovered disarticulated. On the contrary, vertebral elements of the caudal series fuse early in ontogeny (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBF8AFC91FB99FCD2" author="Hubner, T." box="[926,1072,769,794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="43 - 120" refId="ref17733" refString="Hubner, T. 2018. The postcranial ontogeny of Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) and implications for the evolution of ornithopod dinosaurs. Palaeontographica A 43 - 120." type="book chapter" year="2018">Hübner 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and therefore are usually recovered articulated (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBFA6FCB1FBEDFCF2" author="Galton, P. M." box="[946,1092,801,826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="211 - 273" refId="ref17148" refString="Galton, P. M. 2009. Notes on Neocomian (Lower Cretaceous) ornithopod dinosaurs from England - Hypsilophodon, Valdosaurus, &quot; Camptosaurus &quot;, &quot; Iguanodon &quot; - and referred specimens from Romania and elsewhere. Revue de Paleobiologie 28: 211 - 273." type="journal article" year="2009">Galton 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB846FCB1FA8FFCF2" author="Barrett, P. M. &amp; Butler, R. J. &amp; Twitchett, R. J. &amp; Hutt, S." box="[1106,1318,801,826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="131 - 163" refId="ref16075" refString="Barrett, P. M., Butler, R. J., Twitchett, R. J., and Hutt, S. 2011. New material of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Special Papers in Palaeontology 86: 131 - 163." type="journal article" year="2011">Barrett et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB927FCB1FA6CFCF2" author="Barrett, P. M." box="[1331,1477,801,826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="29 - 48" refId="ref16034" refString="Barrett, P. M. 2016. A new specimen of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithopoda: Dryosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, England. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 29 - 48." type="journal article" year="2016">Barrett 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBF3CFCD1FC12FC92" author="Hubner, T." box="[808,955,833,858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="43 - 120" refId="ref17733" refString="Hubner, T. 2018. The postcranial ontogeny of Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) and implications for the evolution of ornithopod dinosaurs. Palaeontographica A 43 - 120." type="book chapter" year="2018">Hübner 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFC29341BF3CFCFCFDFCF8C9" blockId="7.[808,1482,876,1960]" lastBlockId="8.[151,824,1369,1960]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBF3CFCFCFB86FC4D" box="[808,1071,876,901]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Appendicular skeleton</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EB851FCFCFB37FC4D" box="[1093,1182,876,901]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Femora</emphasis>
: The combination of an anteriorly bowed femoral shaft, the 4th trochanter proximally placed, and the medially relegated scar of Musculus caudofemoralis longus are diagnostic for
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EB939FC5CFA60FC2D" box="[1325,1481,972,997]" family="Dryosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dryosauridae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBF24FC7CFBA9FBCD" author="Butler, R. J. &amp; Upchurch, P. &amp; Norman, D. B." box="[816,1024,1004,1029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref16398" refString="Butler, R. J., Upchurch, P., and Norman, D. B. 2008. The phylogeny of the ornithischian dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="2008">Butler et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB81BFC7CFB4DFBCD" author="Barrett, P. M. &amp; Butler, R. J. &amp; Twitchett, R. J. &amp; Hutt, S." box="[1039,1252,1004,1029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="131 - 163" refId="ref16075" refString="Barrett, P. M., Butler, R. J., Twitchett, R. J., and Hutt, S. 2011. New material of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Special Papers in Palaeontology 86: 131 - 163." type="journal article" year="2011">Barrett et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB8E5FC7CFA6CFBCD" author="Escaso, F. &amp; Ortega, F. &amp; Dantas, P. &amp; Malafaia, E. &amp; Silva, B. &amp; Gasulla, J. M. &amp; Mocho, P. &amp; Narvaez, I. &amp; Sanz, J. L." box="[1265,1477,1004,1029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="1102 - 1112" refId="ref16739" refString="Escaso, F., Ortega, F., Dantas, P., Malafaia, E., Silva, B., Gasulla, J. M., Mocho, P., Narvaez, I., and Sanz, J. L. 2014. A new dryosaurid ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34: 1102 - 1112." type="journal article" year="2014">Escaso et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBF3CFB9DFC0CFBEE" author="Boyd, C. A." box="[808,933,1037,1062]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="1523" refId="ref16230" refString="Boyd, C. A. 2015. The systematic relationships and biogeographic history of ornithischian dinosaurs. PeerJ 3: e 1523." type="journal article" year="2015">Boyd 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBFA7FB9DFB1CFBEE" author="Dieudonne, P. - E. &amp; Tortosa, T. &amp; Fernandez-Baldor, F. T. &amp; Canudo, J. I. &amp; Diaz-Martinez, I." box="[947,1205,1037,1062]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="0156251" refId="ref16604" refString="Dieudonne, P. - E., Tortosa, T., Fernandez-Baldor, F. T., Canudo, J. I., and Diaz-Martinez, I. 2016. An unexpected early rhabdodontid from Europe (Lower Cretaceous of Salas de los Infantes, Burgos Province, Spain) and a re-examination of basal iguanodontian relationships. PloS ONE 11 (6): e 0156251." type="journal article" year="2016">Dieudonné et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless, ML 563 and ML 2055 differ from one another in some aspects. ML 563 is generally more gracile than ML
<quantity id="DD309B1EFFC2934EB8F7FBDDFA9EFBAE" box="[1251,1335,1101,1126]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2197" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="2055.0">2055 in</quantity>
general proportions. This is herein interpreted as a difference in ontogenetic stages between the two individuals and therefore, as it is discussed in the next paragraphs, ML 563 probably represents a more immature individual than ML 2055. The difference in size is reflected in the different shape and depth of the extensor groove, which is greatly influenced by load. This is consistent from what is currently known in other dryosaurid populations, which show great intra-specific variation of the extensor groove according to the size (see, for instance, femora assigned to
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EB8C2FA1EFCC4FA0F" baseAuthorityName="Galton" baseAuthorityYear="1975" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Valdosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canaliculatus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EB8C2FA1EFCC4FA0F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Valdosaurus canaliculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBF94FA3EFBE0FA0F" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[896,1097,1454,1479]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dryosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBF94FA3EFBE0FA0F" box="[896,1097,1454,1479]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Dryosaurus altus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EB848FA3EFA6BFA0F" authorityName=", ML" authorityYear="1851" box="[1116,1474,1454,1479]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dysalotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lettowvorbecki">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EB848FA3EFA6BFA0F" box="[1116,1474,1454,1479]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBF3CFA5EFBFAFA2F" baseAuthorityName="Galton &amp; Taquet" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[808,1107,1486,1511]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Elrhazosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBF3CFA5EFBFAFA2F" box="[808,1107,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Elrhazosaurus nigeriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB86EFA5EFAAFFA2F" author="Galton, P. M." box="[1146,1286,1486,1511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="271 - 312" refId="ref17007" refString="Galton, P. M. 1981. Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and Africa postcranial skeleton. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 55: 271 - 312." type="journal article" year="1981">Galton 1981</bibRefCitation>
, 2009;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB948FA5EFC2CF9CF" author="Barrett, P. M. &amp; Butler, R. J. &amp; Twitchett, R. J. &amp; Hutt, S." pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="131 - 163" refId="ref16075" refString="Barrett, P. M., Butler, R. J., Twitchett, R. J., and Hutt, S. 2011. New material of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Special Papers in Palaeontology 86: 131 - 163." type="journal article" year="2011">Barrett et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EBF81FA7EFB84F9CF" author="Hubner, T." box="[917,1069,1518,1543]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="43 - 120" refId="ref17733" refString="Hubner, T. 2018. The postcranial ontogeny of Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) and implications for the evolution of ornithopod dinosaurs. Palaeontographica A 43 - 120." type="book chapter" year="2018">Hübner 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Another difference is the slightly different position of the scar of Musculus caudofemoralis longus. In ML 563 the position of the scar is well separated from the base of the 4th trochanter while in ML 2055 it extends further laterally to the base of the 4th trochanter, although still separate. Although it is generally assumed that a “widely separated scar of Musculus of caudofemoralis longus” is an unambiguous synapomorphy for
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EB93CF95EFA6CF92F" box="[1320,1477,1742,1767]" family="Dryosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dryosauridae</taxonomicName>
, in literature there are various examples of variation of this character even within the same population (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB93AF89EFA14F8EF" author="Galton, P. M." box="[1326,1469,1806,1831]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="271 - 312" refId="ref17007" refString="Galton, P. M. 1981. Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and Africa postcranial skeleton. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 55: 271 - 312." type="journal article" year="1981">Galton 1981</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EBFD8F8BFFBF2F880" box="[972,1115,1839,1864]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Valdosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EBFD8F8BFFBF2F880" box="[972,1115,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Valdosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFC2934EB88AF8BFFAEDF880" authorityName="Galton" authorityYear="1980" box="[1182,1348,1839,1864]" family="Camptosauridae" genus="Callovosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFC2934EB88AF8BFFAEDF880" box="[1182,1348,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Callovosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens usually present the scar of the Musculus caudofemoralis longus connected to the base of the 4
<superScript id="EDBD9BB3FFC2934EB8F3F8FBFB5EF8B4" attach="left" box="[1255,1271,1899,1916]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">th</superScript>
trochanter (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB99CF8FFFBB5F860" author="Ruiz-Omenaca, J. I. &amp; Pereda Suberbiola, X. &amp; Galton, P. M." pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref19200" refString="Ruiz-Omenaca, J. I., Pereda Suberbiola, X., and Galton, P. M. 2006. Callovosaurus leedsi, the earliest dryosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Euornithopoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England. In: K. Carpeneter (ed.), Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs, 3 - 16. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book chapter" year="2006">Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFC2934EB83FF81FFB54F860" author="Barrett, P. M. &amp; Butler, R. J. &amp; Twitchett, R. J. &amp; Hutt, S." box="[1067,1277,1935,1960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="131 - 163" refId="ref16075" refString="Barrett, P. M., Butler, R. J., Twitchett, R. J., and Hutt, S. 2011. New material of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Special Papers in Palaeontology 86: 131 - 163." type="journal article" year="2011">Barrett et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
) similarly to ML 2055; while
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCD9341BD38FAC9FE1AFABA" box="[300,435,1369,1394]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dryosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341BD38FAC9FE1AFABA" box="[300,435,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Dryosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCD9341BDD2FAC9FDD1FABA" baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[454,632,1369,1394]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dysalotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341BDD2FAC9FDD1FABA" box="[454,632,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Dysalotosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCD9341BE98FAC9FC98FABA" authorityName="Galton" authorityYear="2009" box="[652,817,1369,1394]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Elrhazosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341BE98FAC9FC98FABA" box="[652,817,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Elrhazosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCD9341BCD9FAEAFE21FA5B" authorityName="Escaso, Ortega, Dantas, Malafaia, Silva, Gasulla, Mocho, Narváez &amp; Sanz" authorityYear="2014" box="[205,392,1402,1427]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Eousdryosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341BCD9FAEAFE21FA5B" box="[205,392,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Eousdryosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have it generally more widely separated (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFCD9341BCE6FA0CFE2DFA7D" author="Galton, P. M." box="[242,388,1436,1461]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="271 - 312" refId="ref17007" refString="Galton, P. M. 1981. Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and Africa postcranial skeleton. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 55: 271 - 312." type="journal article" year="1981">Galton 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFCD9341BD82FA0CFDDDFA7D" author="Escaso, F. &amp; Ortega, F. &amp; Dantas, P. &amp; Malafaia, E. &amp; Silva, B. &amp; Gasulla, J. M. &amp; Mocho, P. &amp; Narvaez, I. &amp; Sanz, J. L." box="[406,628,1436,1461]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="1102 - 1112" refId="ref16739" refString="Escaso, F., Ortega, F., Dantas, P., Malafaia, E., Silva, B., Gasulla, J. M., Mocho, P., Narvaez, I., and Sanz, J. L. 2014. A new dryosaurid ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34: 1102 - 1112." type="journal article" year="2014">Escaso et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
) as in ML 563. Besides the inter-specific variation, an incipient intra-specific variation is present within populations of
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCD9341BEA4FA4EFC91FA3F" box="[688,824,1502,1527]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dryosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341BEA4FA4EFC91FA3F" box="[688,824,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Dryosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCD9341BCDCF990FDB5F9D1" authority="(Galton 1981)" baseAuthorityName="Galton" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[200,540,1536,1561]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dysalotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341BCDCF990FED3F9D1" box="[200,378,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Dysalotosaurus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFCD9341BD9DF990FDBCF9D1" author="Galton, P. M." box="[393,533,1536,1561]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="271 - 312" refId="ref17007" refString="Galton, P. M. 1981. Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and Africa postcranial skeleton. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 55: 271 - 312." type="journal article" year="1981">Galton 1981</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, where the insertion scar in some specimens is located more medially than others. As the extensor and flexor grooves, this character may also be influenced by size and varies during ontogeny as suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFCD9341BD06F915FE13F956" author="Hubner, T." box="[274,442,1669,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="43 - 120" refId="ref17733" refString="Hubner, T. 2018. The postcranial ontogeny of Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) and implications for the evolution of ornithopod dinosaurs. Palaeontographica A 43 - 120." type="book chapter" year="2018">Hübner (2018)</bibRefCitation>
. Therefore, the insertion scar of the Musculus caudofemoralis longus may be more plastic than previously thought and possibly related to ontogenetic development as well as with phylogeny.
</paragraph>
<caption id="4EB76673FFCD9341BC83FB46FEF0FAF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626656" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626656/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" startId="8.[151,184,1238,1258]" targetBox="[153,1522,164,1210]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFCD9341BC83FB46FEF0FAF6" blockId="8.[151,1535,1237,1345]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
Fig. 4. Limb bones of
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCD9341BD72FB46FE49FB22" box="[358,480,1238,1258]" family="Dryosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dryosauridae</taxonomicName>
indet. from the Lourinhã municipality, Portugal, Lourinhã Formation, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian.
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341B94AFB45FAC7FB22" bold="true" box="[1374,1390,1237,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341B96FFB45FA23FB22" bold="true" box="[1403,1418,1237,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
. Femur, ML 2055 (
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341BCC6FB61FF4BFACE" bold="true" box="[210,226,1265,1286]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
), ML 563 (
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341BD5FFB61FEF3FACE" bold="true" box="[331,346,1265,1286]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
), in anterior (A
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, B
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), lateral (A
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, B
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), medial (A
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, B
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), posterior (A
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341BFAAFB6BFC6FFAC1" attach="right" box="[958,966,1275,1289]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">4</subScript>
, B
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341BFF4FB6BFC41FAC1" attach="left" box="[992,1000,1275,1289]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">4</subScript>
), distal (A
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341B85DFB6BFBF8FAC1" attach="left" box="[1097,1105,1275,1289]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">5</subScript>
, B
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341B87FFB6BFBDAFAC1" attach="left" box="[1131,1139,1275,1289]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">5</subScript>
), and proximal (A
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341B908FB6BFA8DFAC1" attach="right" box="[1308,1316,1275,1289]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">6</subScript>
, B
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341B92AFB6BFAEFFAC1" attach="left" box="[1342,1350,1275,1289]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">6</subScript>
) views.
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341B987FB61FA0AFACF" bold="true" box="[1427,1443,1265,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341B9BBFB61FA16FACE" bold="true" box="[1455,1471,1265,1286]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
. Tibia, ML 2055 associated to femur ML 2055 (
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341BE05FA9DFD88FAEB" bold="true" box="[529,545,1293,1315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
), ML 505 (
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341BE99FA9DFD34FAEA" bold="true" box="[653,669,1293,1314]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
), in anterior (C
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341BF3AFA87FC9FFAED" attach="left" box="[814,822,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">1</subScript>
, D
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341BF47FA87FCF2FAED" attach="left" box="[851,859,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">1</subScript>
), lateral (C
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341BFD1FA87FC64FAED" attach="left" box="[965,973,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">2</subScript>
, D
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341BFFEFA87FC5BFAED" attach="left" box="[1002,1010,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">2</subScript>
), posterior (C
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341B860FA87FBD5FAED" attach="left" box="[1140,1148,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">3</subScript>
, D
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341B88DFA87FB08FAED" attach="left" box="[1177,1185,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">3</subScript>
), medial (C
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341B904FA87FAB1FAED" attach="left" box="[1296,1304,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">4</subScript>
, D
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341B921FA87FA94FAED" attach="left" box="[1333,1341,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">4</subScript>
), proximal (D
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341B9D6FA87FA63FAED" attach="right" box="[1474,1482,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">5</subScript>
), and distal (C
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341BCF1FAA3FF44FA89" attach="left" box="[229,237,1331,1345]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">5</subScript>
, D
<subScript id="864C34BEFFCD9341BD1CFAA3FEB9FA89" attach="left" box="[264,272,1331,1345]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">6</subScript>
) views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFCD9341BCA9F89AFB14F977" blockId="8.[151,824,1369,1960]" lastBlockId="8.[862,1535,1369,1960]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
The more mature specimen represented by ML 2055 resembles the overall morphology of an immature ankylopollexian as expected due to marked peramorphic conditions of basal ankylopollexians (i.e., camptosaurid) relative to dryosaurids (see
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFCD9341BD69F81FFDFEF860" author="Horner, J. R. &amp; De Ricqles, A. &amp; Padian, K. &amp; Scheetz, R. D." box="[381,599,1935,1960]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="734 - 747" refId="ref17571" refString="Horner, J. R., De Ricqles, A., Padian, K., and Scheetz, R. D. 2009. Comparative long bone histology and growth of the &quot; hypsilophodontid &quot; dinosaurs Orodromeus makelai, Dryosaurus altus, and Tenontosaurus tillettii (Ornithischia: Euornithopoda). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 734 - 747." type="journal article" year="2009">Horner et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless, this possible attribution to Ankylopollexia is here considered unlikely for ML 2055 since the medial condyle is comparable in size to the lateral condyle, while in
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCD9341B94DFA0CFC0FFA1E" class="Reptilia" family="Camptosauridae" genus="Camptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341B94DFA0CFC0FFA1E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Camptosaurus dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the medial condyle is described as “sensibly more robust” by
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFCD9341BFCEFA4EFB2FFA3F" author="Gilmore, C. W." box="[986,1158,1502,1527]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="197 - 332" refId="ref17231" refString="Gilmore, C. W. 1909. Osteology of the Jurassic reptile Camptosaurus with a revision of the species of the genus, and description of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Musuem (36): 197 - 332." type="journal article" year="1909">Gilmore (1909)</bibRefCitation>
and the same condition is present in the Portuguese ankylopollexian species
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCD9341B942F990FC37F9F2" baseAuthorityName="Mateus and Antunes" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Reptilia" genus="Draconyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loureiroi">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341B942F990FC37F9F2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Draconyx loureiroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, the flexor groove is widely open, while in most specimens ascribed to the genus
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCD9341B924F9D2FA7CF993" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" box="[1328,1493,1602,1627]" class="Reptilia" family="Camptosauridae" genus="Camptosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341B924F9D2FA7CF993" box="[1328,1493,1602,1627]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Camptosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an incipient lateral expansion overhangs on the flexor groove (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFCD9341BF71F915FB39F956" author="Galton, P. M. &amp; Powell, H. P." box="[869,1168,1669,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="411 - 443" refId="ref17197" refString="Galton, P. M. and Powell, H. P. 1980. The ornithischian dinosaur Camptosaurus prestwichii from the Upper Jurassic of England. Palaeontology 23: 411 - 443." type="journal article" year="1980">Galton and Powell 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFCD9341B8B0F915FA53F956" author="Carpenter, K. &amp; Wilson, Y." box="[1188,1530,1669,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="227 - 264" refId="ref16550" refString="Carpenter, K. and Wilson, Y. 2008. A new species of Camptosaurus (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a biomechanical analysis of its forelimb. Annals of Carnegie Museum 76: 227 - 264." type="journal article" year="2008">Carpenter and Wilson 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFCD9341BF4AF936FB18F977" author="Carpenter, K. &amp; Lamanna, M. C." box="[862,1201,1702,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="149 - 166" refId="ref16502" refString="Carpenter, K. and Lamanna, M. C. 2015. The braincase assigned to the ornithopod dinosaur Uteodon McDonald, 2011, reassigned to Dryosaurus Marsh, 1894: implications for iguanodontian morphology and taxonomy. Annals of Carnegie Museum 83 149 - 166." type="journal article" year="2015">Carpenter and Lamanna 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFCD9340BF90F957FEB1FED3" blockId="8.[862,1535,1369,1960]" lastBlockId="9.[98,771,160,446]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341BF90F957FC62F928" box="[900,971,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Tibiae</emphasis>
: The tibia ML 505, despite presenting a high degree of erosion, has many recognizable characters, which indicate dryosaurid affinities. In particular, ML 505 shares with
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCD9341BF8FF8BBFB8BF88C" box="[923,1058,1835,1860]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dryosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341BF8FF8BBFB8BF88C" box="[923,1058,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Dryosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCD9341B821F8BBFB4EF88C" baseAuthorityName="Galton" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1077,1255,1835,1860]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dysalotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341B821F8BBFB4EF88C" box="[1077,1255,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Dysalotosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCD9341B939F8BBFA4EF88C" authorityName="Escaso, Ortega, Dantas, Malafaia, Silva, Gasulla, Mocho, Narváez &amp; Sanz" authorityYear="2014" box="[1325,1511,1835,1860]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Eousdryosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCD9341B939F8BBFA4EF88C" box="[1325,1511,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Eousdryosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a conspicuous fibular condyle placed in the midline of the proximal epiphysis and the presence of a wide groove between the posterior, inner, and fibular condyles (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFCD9340B98CF81FFF30FF71" author="Janensch, W." lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" pagination="105 - 176" refId="ref17818" refString="Janensch, W. 1955. Der Ornithopode Dysalotosaurus der Tendaguruschichten. Palaeontographica-Supplementbande 3: 105 - 176." type="journal article" year="1955">Janensch 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFCC9340BCBDFF30FE91FF71" author="Galton, P. M." box="[169,312,160,185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" pagination="271 - 312" refId="ref17007" refString="Galton, P. M. 1981. Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and Africa postcranial skeleton. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 55: 271 - 312." type="journal article" year="1981">Galton 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFCC9340BD5CFF30FD8BFF71" author="Escaso, F. &amp; Ortega, F. &amp; Dantas, P. &amp; Malafaia, E. &amp; Silva, B. &amp; Gasulla, J. M. &amp; Mocho, P. &amp; Narvaez, I. &amp; Sanz, J. L." box="[328,546,160,185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" pagination="1102 - 1112" refId="ref16739" refString="Escaso, F., Ortega, F., Dantas, P., Malafaia, E., Silva, B., Gasulla, J. M., Mocho, P., Narvaez, I., and Sanz, J. L. 2014. A new dryosaurid ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34: 1102 - 1112." type="journal article" year="2014">Escaso et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Ankylopollexians exhibit a different condition of the proximal epiphysis of the tibia in having the fibular condyle directed posteriorly Norman 2004).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A7736FBFFCC9340BC93FEB2FDEDFE76" blockId="9.[98,771,160,446]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
It should be noted that ML 505 has a triangular diaphyseal cross section, while in ML 2055 the cross section is tear-drop. This result is consistent both with incipient intra-specific variation as observed in
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCC9340BE55FE14FD63FE55" box="[577,714,388,413]" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dryosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCC9340BE55FE14FD63FE55" box="[577,714,388,413]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Dryosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DDC84D78FFCC9340BC76FE35FEBDFE76" baseAuthorityName="Galton" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[98,276,421,446]" class="Reptilia" family="Dryosauridae" genus="Dysalotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BCEAE9FFCC9340BC76FE35FEBDFE76" box="[98,276,421,446]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Dysalotosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations (
<bibRefCitation id="7E594B0AFFCC9340BDB9FE35FD91FE76" author="Galton, P. M." box="[429,568,421,446]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" pagination="271 - 312" refId="ref17007" refString="Galton, P. M. 1981. Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and Africa postcranial skeleton. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 55: 271 - 312." type="journal article" year="1981">Galton 1981</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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