133 lines
15 KiB
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133 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="B1493D0C48206E009D739F0DFA29C355" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1019.1.3" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5049460" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625106309309" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kung, Giar-Ann & Brown, Brian V." docDate="2005" docId="921D650EAB00FF82FE98BC15FD2BF96C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01019p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1019 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1019.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Laishania Kung & Brown 2005, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="6E241D76AB04FF86FF90BD09FFABFFC5" masterDocTitle="Three unusually divergent new genera of phorid flies (Diptera: Phoridae) from Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698980402673" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B43320E564B7D95C3308B34929B32696">
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<mods:title id="CCA078630E42E9F1E7623A428952C7E9">Three unusually divergent new genera of phorid flies (Diptera: Phoridae) from Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4E83198976353B77F399729F158255F7">Kung, Giar-Ann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BE9CE0379E274A0C0813C658FEA180F4">Brown, Brian V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FD9A3342ACFA5053CA642B442B9398FF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="10746254DE222DB04832C652C0533767">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F1147F2A85E13293B3580E75CCE8900E">2005-07-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AE0D1E5326C8982058A2E684EAC5D6D0">1019</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="21818107BD3FBE5BD22971899131E316">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1019.1.3</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="94714B73A719ED258CFB433CD4C09E64">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1634976BD033AD0745A1C1E51744455F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1019.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="921D650EAB00FF82FE98BC15FD2BF96C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5049512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5049512" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921D650EAB00FF82FE98BC15FD2BF96C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/921D650EAB00FF82FE98BC15FD2BF96C" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="52AE8793AB00FF82FE98BC15FDA1FEF0" box="[264,522,283,310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1A0BD418AB00FF82FE98BC15FDA1FEF0" blockId="4.[264,522,283,310]" box="[264,522,283,310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="41436374AB00FF82FE98BC15FDA1FEF0" bold="true" box="[264,522,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FE98BC15FDA1FEF0" bold="true" box="[264,522,283,310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FE98BC15FE29FEF3" ID-CoL="6383K" authority="Kung & Brown, 2005" authorityName="Kung & Brown" authorityYear="2005" box="[264,386,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Laishania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FE98BC15FE29FEF3" bold="true" box="[264,386,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Laishania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="33F3B571AB00FF82FE1ABC12FDA1FEF0" box="[394,522,283,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="52AE8793AB00FF82FE98BC6FFD2BF96C" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1A0BD418AB00FF82FE98BC6FFC23FD5C" blockId="4.[264,1324,358,1705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FE98BC6FFE23FE45" bold="true" box="[264,392,358,384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Entire body with short, sparse setae (
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<figureCitation id="828FC89DAB00FF82FCD8BC6EFC3BFE44" box="[840,912,359,385]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[290,1304,330,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-39@3.[280,1308,310,1684]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Laciniomyia dilata new species. 1. Abdomen, dorsal. 2. Body, lateral. 3. Laishania angustithorax new species. Body, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5049462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5049462/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Head elongate, rounded. Median furrow of frons absent. Frontal setae present but reduced in size. Eye reduced; ocelli absent. Flagellomere 1 slightly pointed, arista apical. Mouthparts relatively small, unmodified. Thoracic segmentation greatly reduced; scutellum absent. Legs greatly elongate, without large isolated setae; tibiae lacking setae palisades. Forefemur with triangular ventral expansion at midlength; foretibia apically expanded; foretarsomere 1 basally expanded with long fringe of orange setae. Wing and halter absent. Abdomen with welldeveloped tergites; ovipositor mostly membranous, nonparasitic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1A0BD418AB00FF82FEA8BFAEFE06FCA4" blockId="4.[264,1324,358,1705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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This distinctive apterous species does not resemble any other New World phorid. It is easily recognized by its overall elongate appearance, extremely long legs, and the presence of thin scattered setae across the body. The long legs indicate a possible cursorial lifestyle, and it is likely that this species is an associate of army ants (
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FC77BE16FB26FCFC" box="[999,1165,799,825]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FB0ABE16FA8FFCFC" box="[1178,1316,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
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: Ecitonininae).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1A0BD418AB00FF82FEA8BE66FEDBFB64" blockId="4.[264,1324,358,1705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FEA8BE66FE06FC4D" authorityName="Kung & Brown" authorityYear="2005" box="[312,429,879,904]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Laishania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FEA8BE66FE06FC4D" box="[312,429,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Laishania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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does not key out using
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<bibRefCitation id="7E25A9E9AB00FF82FD2FBE66FCCCFC4C" author="Disney, R. H. L." box="[703,871,879,905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refId="ref3737" refString="Disney, R. H. L. (1994) Scuttle flies- the Phoridae. Chapman & Hall, London, 467 pp." type="book" year="1994">Disney’s 1994</bibRefCitation>
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key to genera of females. This species does not fit either lead in couplet 32, so following his note, one must “proceed to couplet 40.” Following couplet 40,
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FDD8BEB6FD16FC1D" authorityName="Kung & Brown" authorityYear="2005" box="[584,701,959,984]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Laishania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FDD8BEB6FD16FC1D" box="[584,701,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Laishania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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keys closest to
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FCE4BEB6FC54FC1D" authorityName="Dahl" authorityYear="1897" box="[884,1023,959,984]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Puliciphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FCE4BEB6FC54FC1D" box="[884,1023,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Puliciphora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in couplet 46, although it lacks the “bristle, sometimes on a distinct papilla, on side of thorax towards rear,” which is the second character for
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FDBCB906FD13FBED" authorityName="Dahl" authorityYear="1897" box="[556,696,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Puliciphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FDBCB906FD13FBED" box="[556,696,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Puliciphora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in that lead. However this genus differs from
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FB4BB906FEE5FB95" authorityName="Dahl" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Puliciphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FB4BB906FEE5FB95" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Puliciphora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the larger size, much longer and modified legs (especially the foretibia), the unusual body setation, the shape of the head and thorax, and the structure of abdominal tergite 7.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1A0BD418AB00FF82FEA8B9A6FD2BF96C" blockId="4.[264,1324,358,1705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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Dr. R. H. L. Disney, a helpful reviewer of this paper, suggested that
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FBCFB9A6FB7FFB0D" authorityName="Kung & Brown" authorityYear="2005" box="[1119,1236,1199,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Laishania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FBCFB9A6FB7FFB0D" box="[1119,1236,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Laishania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should not be considered a new genus, and instead should be placed as an aberrant
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FB07B9DEFA88FB35" authorityName="Dahl" authorityYear="1897" box="[1175,1315,1239,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Puliciphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FB07B9DEFA88FB35" box="[1175,1315,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Puliciphora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. We disagree with this suggestion. Although Disney has recently made great progress in
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FE98B82EFE3FFA85" authorityName="Dahl" authorityYear="1897" box="[264,404,1319,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Puliciphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FE98B82EFE3FFA85" box="[264,404,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Puliciphora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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taxonomy, there are still no apomorphic characters available to define the group; thus, recognizing species of
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FD27B846FCE8FAAD" authorityName="Dahl" authorityYear="1897" box="[695,835,1359,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Puliciphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FD27B846FCE8FAAD" box="[695,835,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Puliciphora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, especially highly divergent ones, based on anything other than overall similarity, is extremely problematic. Our new genus has a number of differences from described species of
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FCD6B896FC79FA7D" authorityName="Dahl" authorityYear="1897" box="[838,978,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Puliciphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FCD6B896FC79FA7D" box="[838,978,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Puliciphora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, summarized above, creating a gap between it and
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FD92B8CEFD25FA25" authorityName="Dahl" authorityYear="1897" box="[514,654,1479,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Puliciphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FD92B8CEFD25FA25" box="[514,654,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Puliciphora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that is at least as great as that between other phorid genera. Until much further information is available for
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<taxonomicName id="DDB4AF9BAB00FF82FCF5B8E6FC7EF9CD" box="[869,981,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Metopina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="28C0080AAB00FF82FCF5B8E6FC7EF9CD" box="[869,981,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Metopina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group genera, in the form of currently undescribed males or in molecular characters, there will be considerable uncertainty to generic assignments. We prefer to recognize our distinctive new taxon at the genus level, and not to associate it with a much larger and betterknown genus with which it might share little relationship.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |