355 lines
54 KiB
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355 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="3372" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a9353f0-1f24-45f0-8ddc-bd941470a567" ID-PMC="PMC8626413" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1072-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DDB04884FF7C52BD9D1814C0EA84E496" ID-PubMed="34899006" ID-ZooBank="9F578799E05F44118E2D378E3C17F3E3" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1072-1" checkinTime="1637381493323" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Li, Ya, Li, Shuqiang & Lin, Yucheng" docDate="2021" docId="7FABCB5C4AC45FE3B62001B09356C397" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1072: 1-47" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1072" docPubDate="2021-11-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935" docTitle="Swilda S. Li & Lin 2021, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="CC843E39-93C5-44A5-9C50-5E7ABBF17B21" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" id="DDB04884FF7C52BD9D1814C0EA84E496" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="DDB04884FF7C52BD9D1814C0EA84E496" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic study on fourteen symphytognathid species from Asia (Araneae, Symphytognathidae)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732688595824" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D08B0E9A4B53B74DE7FB51CD52D0D218">
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<mods:title id="3EF6FD645BF5D1375984C82B365F857F">Taxonomic study on fourteen symphytognathid species from Asia (Araneae, Symphytognathidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="30AB45AE42D9FEBB98F781D6825B66F7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7A91ABF60A46F85FAD060AA42888CD44">Li, Ya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6D2B7721E807CA204C1DA6BFAD7D27EC" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-6192</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="810049385692642268F86B6739313902">Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="368D8EF275ED34C937EA432FDCBB17EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="055ADAFF800A0128403C9B0BB7E99EFB">Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="398DEB666A491E682696CA3B83AAE9E6" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-5416</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="490373E54AFCE8386A08B9EE266CB53B">Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6BB098B3CC5B74BDE74E7899964CCDEC" type="email">lisq@ioz.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="56201BAADBEAED941BF646F9D0C50BA3">Lin, Yucheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C2130252BCBF720558CD135B6A4CA408" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-0633</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="94AF6798E3DA763B7FD869E7D5AD327D">Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China & The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C436BDD7AAD4BAEB9566C37E972A2D96" type="email">linyucheng@scu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="876725B930103C492C3478D17E0AF291">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C11B0764B29F251E102D0BD530E7379B">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="42E835D96F376BD69DC17C99DA2938E7">2021-11-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4C551B61996BED90F2C7D63EA9B24EE7">1072</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9B368A2FBF49E84401ACC3BC45425455">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="514B222A04B8F6AABFCFD8C9F30D693F" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7FABCB5C4AC45FE3B62001B09356C397" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190343166" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC843E39-93C5-44A5-9C50-5E7ABBF17B21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7FABCB5C4AC45FE3B62001B09356C397" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Symphytognathidae" scope_order="Araneae">
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<subSubSection id="C86C938963B87F51272723E051E83AED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="694792567D8F324AAEF22472D2841091" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="293D24838CDAF858D79A41666C74F176" ID-CoL="98YLB" LSID="http://zoobank.org/CC843E39-93C5-44A5-9C50-5E7ABBF17B21" authority="S. Li & Lin" authorityName="S. Li & Lin" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Swilda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swilda" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Swilda S. Li & Lin</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1442F94C44616A797A68327FE76AE5FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CA2E344790FBA1BAB1A4488813DEA7E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="583FBEA11C94EA2BB709C62F05BCB583" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F8F7F7D24552694E9637AC9FB89039B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D62F852BFED1BF3E770E4C79F58C0A44" authorityName="Li & Li & Lin" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Li & Li & Lin" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha longtou" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longtou">
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<emphasis id="59E2E662C5A55C17BD4A1D6EFD95A2CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crassignatha longtou</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009, from Gaoligong Mountain, south-western China.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E33F0907D6493C823050BD6DB7891CEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="F9D93C40037D7C19A316A6CE4F6CE2A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="12D301740DDEA1FDB1CE5DE5BB6B8C80" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The generic name
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<taxonomicName id="ABD086FD1A339790BF5199334CEEA304" authorityName="S. Li & Lin" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Swilda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swilda" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="921F933F8967AC6CA95C0E0BEAAB891B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swilda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is derived from the Swild Studio (in Chinese: Xi Nan Shan Di Gong Zuo Shi). It is named after the organisation in honour of its dedication to promoting public advocacy for wildlife conservation and nature education in southwest China. The gender is masculine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="786D6514AC810B38500A7F4AAC0F2C21" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="11C952DCF7F7ADEAE680EAF30D67B1B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D265C634D2179DF92860337A2386879F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E0BD3392073C952F3406C0A4E2E3A3FC" authorityName="S. Li & Lin" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Swilda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swilda" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1250EFE7F693A5DF7AAD6897E5393543" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swilda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. is easily distinguished from other symphytognathids, except
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<taxonomicName id="C10271D92E74BA0A8D4CBFA98C4E32C7" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="132D2BA7FA4AF0C3D3F39D7CC91FF92A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crassignatha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by having an anteromedially-split dorsal scutum in the male and a highly ornamented spinous and pitted carapace in both sexes (Figs
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<figureCitation id="B1CB6A4E60A790D2CF2759098BA4A22F" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Swilda longtou A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19A, D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6AB94F313A8E69AB6602CE69CE84A700" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Swilda spinathoraxi A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21A</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="34A779F14F3E765DA26D00D08F4B387B" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Swilda spinathoraxi A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</figureCitation>
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). It resembles
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<taxonomicName id="06EFAA52A9993E062289D06486CE290C" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="247CD05512BF9D2B4CBFB6A053675681" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crassignatha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in carapace texture and the spherical spermathecae. The male differs from those of
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<taxonomicName id="0D1173437E08D185737C1CE621C89B93" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="40291B3E4859A2ACF9881542320FE437" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crassignatha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having a conductor and lacking a cymbial tooth (Figs
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<figureCitation id="83479886517DEDD06CCB4F78937A72DD" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Swilda longtou A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D epigyne, lateral E vulva, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP 1 = proximal cymbial process; CP 2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612462" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20A</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="B27F7F256B5D0277878E644A4DC3C0A1" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Swilda spinathoraxi A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D vulva, ventral E vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP 1 = proximal cymbial process; CP 2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (A-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612464" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22A</figureCitation>
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) vs. lacking a conductor, but having a cymbial tooth (figs 2A, 8A and 10A in
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<bibRefCitation id="1CA906125E15B818EA41695AB99EEBC6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" author="Li, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 128" refId="B9" refString="Li, Y, Lin, Y, Li, S, 2020. A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae). ZooKeys 988: 63 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" title="A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" volume="988" year="2020">Li et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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); the female differs in lacking a scape and by the separated copulatory openings (Figs
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<figureCitation id="C41620B1292712D59C2977771072210D" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Swilda longtou A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D epigyne, lateral E vulva, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP 1 = proximal cymbial process; CP 2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612462" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20F</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="785D251FAD47A9D28B34E51D8415779A" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Swilda spinathoraxi A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D vulva, ventral E vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP 1 = proximal cymbial process; CP 2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (A-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612464" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22E</figureCitation>
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) vs. having a protruded scape and the adnate copulatory openings located at the apex of the scape in
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<taxonomicName id="3FC6933D6FB99711E62AC422E5CCD414" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="72EC397B9724D79755460EFFDB060873" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crassignatha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(figs 2G, 4G and 8G in
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<bibRefCitation id="5161D823C206694C14BADEA613746B24" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" author="Li, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 128" refId="B9" refString="Li, Y, Lin, Y, Li, S, 2020. A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae). ZooKeys 988: 63 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" title="A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" volume="988" year="2020">Li et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="8432715574CD56143E5092E035D279F2" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
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<paragraph id="E646B19C53E101E5B6B690FD7D22D6CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="3D584A28968F77EBF98CF200B13D0B04" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 19.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="1D372089602C3BE6DB7F46228E3A446E" authorityName=", (Miller et al." authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Li & Li & Lin" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Swilda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swilda longtou" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longtou">
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<emphasis id="74E3509F310176C4A2DFC03F78813410" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swilda longtou</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B8DF30A20ADBC8EE9E7629EB83D2E920" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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male habitus, dorsal
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<emphasis id="4B7CA3FF2F18F472384255452C81F218" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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male habitus, ventral
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<emphasis id="72991825BA98E67C626AED0E3A3306DB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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male habitus, lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C1E005B8CE466C0BE3171639EB4405" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
female habitus, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="24C084127669B61FDFC091F8A1951148" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
female habitus, ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="0828E693D743456448FF7FF2C86A7FC2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (
|
||
<emphasis id="042A35A0B4EA06A3B32AEAFBADA99512" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DC619C87287FA4B00793C47FBC87B0BD" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612462" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
|
||
<paragraph id="113E9524EA3C67A7A15BF7FDE5042AC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6EADCCAF2E7873C2C7D5724B3D970EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9BA263A3D08801B9D63C947B3A570BA" authorityName=", (Miller et al." authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Li & Li & Lin" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Swilda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swilda longtou" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longtou">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C39A5412586A5283C05E0CBA913E946" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swilda longtou</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="969D6C57331B2BA6217BB8380DB9B36B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
male palp, prolateral
|
||
<emphasis id="91D6B636472C599A0BECD1E03B8BF036" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
male palp, retrolateral
|
||
<emphasis id="ED8A197D7F837CF89ECEC618865DC1C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
epigyne, ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="8EED2987570939F4A7E65B808A3C523A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
epigyne, lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="1283E3623846A7A8A0D47550332B6A28" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
vulva, ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="674B8E9AB8CBC4A2DD808DD4464006A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP1 = proximal cymbial process; CP2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (
|
||
<emphasis id="9E0D9E57F8818D3D7AF01B89CBFF5950" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFD6A6B974B45C20FF9E185096F3B7A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9CEE5B7106E72091E0C29777CDB6D56A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6BB85613F7C601916A23748853D12654" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Minute, body length 0.50-1.00. Carapace rounded or pyriform, strongly sclerotised, surface spinous and pitted (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="3D46139B06CA37D5D84FAA2629306924" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Swilda longtou A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="63AB32160755441FCF70CD655C1A2EB1" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Swilda longtou A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="243D787A3C6B2A8ABB037F5DF5D5A5E5" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Swilda spinathoraxi A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="165A9C17EC4C06CB0D3463F45E7B1557" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Swilda spinathoraxi A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cephalic part raised, higher in male than in female. Six eyes, white, in 3 diads. Clypeus high, more than 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3D4AC0C54AA3F05D36CC85A6E38EAA67" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter of ALE, concave. Chelicerae fused at middle, with 1 bifid tooth. Labium tongue-shaped, fused to coarse, pitted sternum. Sternum heart-shaped, slightly plump, truncated posteriorly (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="DD620826BD852071C69D5213109F3242" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Swilda longtou A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="12F3255F4F49A1B729AFFEC619BBF3E9" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Swilda longtou A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="14A7C0B527263668FF0259FAD0A599A4" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Swilda spinathoraxi A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="CED3397A7E6C23E25A5030DF5F645936" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Swilda spinathoraxi A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male tibia II with one clasping spine (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C0610A0B1C6DE4561E86F1A3A319222" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Swilda longtou A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="475B4BE415F6BA5434BD8545617F720F" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Swilda spinathoraxi A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdomen globose in both sexes, male usually with a weakly sclerotised abdominal scutum split at mid-line (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDC4E0F5BCA31E98AD7810855952AD90" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Swilda longtou A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="00EA060944A881C46B37DC1514454FC7" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Swilda spinathoraxi A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21A</figureCitation>
|
||
), sclerotised annular plate encircles spinnerets (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="5C5AD65E296297713AC0BB1EACF8AAC0" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Swilda longtou A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F3F7329724E047B0B56C8639ACDE2179" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Swilda longtou A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="2108260220F37109AD14BD70CB90DBFA" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Swilda spinathoraxi A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="39506326E386FFE4C6A7ECA5862174F1" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Swilda spinathoraxi A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colulus absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A029B341ABC996E7755F59FAA2557A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pedicel orifice wide, wider than epigyne, with 2 pairs of lateral setae, posterior margin rebordered. Epigastric scutum distinctly sclerotised ventrally (not encircling pedicel).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86838D30ADB4F37E7263D036F454D455" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="694AAAF63F02F616781526642F06E82A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male palp</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="A528B2547D9B6E722DA0D02BF8F4EFF9" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Swilda longtou A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D epigyne, lateral E vulva, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP 1 = proximal cymbial process; CP 2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612462" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="81A630412363F017F07D1CCBC78CEFF3" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Swilda spinathoraxi A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D vulva, ventral E vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP 1 = proximal cymbial process; CP 2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (A-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612464" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="4B46BC92F1E6F46E42F0BB3683C6B6E0" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Swilda spinathoraxi A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D vulva, ventral E vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP 1 = proximal cymbial process; CP 2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (A-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612464" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</figureCitation>
|
||
): femur swollen, wider than patella, tibia lamellar. Bulb oblate; cymbium well developed, covers bulb on prolatero-ventral side, with 2 processes (CP1, CP2). Median apophysis present. Conductor longer than median apophysis, protruded out of bulb. Embolus long, tubular, sclerotised, originates at prolateral margin of tegulum, curved and extended beneath distal part of cymbium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7FDB171897C72533317E19AFAC6EAECF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7786E286CFDEFE2767C9FDF13A5D57B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Epigyne</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="0F1BF19C3F37B2011BF299E60FBAB3E6" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Swilda longtou A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D epigyne, lateral E vulva, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP 1 = proximal cymbial process; CP 2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612462" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20C-F</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="CCB865FE466FF855EB60159635943BCE" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Swilda spinathoraxi A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D vulva, ventral E vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP 1 = proximal cymbial process; CP 2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (A-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612464" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22C-E</figureCitation>
|
||
): sclerotised, posterior margin slightly protruded. Parmula inconspicuous. Copulatory openings separated, located at posterior margin. Spermathecae globose, separated by less than 2 diameters. Copulatory ducts slender, twisted, encircling spermathecae, connected to anteromedial surface of spermathecae. Fertilisation ducts originate at posterolateral surface of spermathecae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D225032799E4D5B4B9D153DBB56B509D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="composition">
|
||
<paragraph id="417235ED14B3AF2CD3DA08215C2EA91C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Composition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="02CF78372259B1EA83E417954D19C495" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14EADFB78F2E42E0B3AE30C1495F3985" authorityName=", (Miller et al." authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Li & Li & Lin" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Swilda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swilda longtou" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longtou">
|
||
<emphasis id="15DA1DCE966888EE418BED257980AE91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swilda longtou</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="76D58DD33EDEF37A4E061F1841105737" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160Rivera-Quiroz" author="Miller, JA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="9 - 195" refId="B16" refString="Miller, JA, Griswold, CE, Yin, CM, 2009. The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys 11: 9 - 195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160Rivera-Quiroz" title="The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160Rivera-Quiroz" volume="11" year="2009">Miller et al, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) comb. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BC4420B0EC90A3400F8CA90EACCA21" lsidName="S. spinathoraxi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spinathoraxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="BE0FF8FE4661CEC3B270D12CBA70EE1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. spinathoraxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lin & Li, 2009) comb. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="93658CC58D828B908DE5EB2A2456150C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="relationships">
|
||
<paragraph id="EDCBFD146778C70F9EBC9443CFA74F29" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Relationships.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="02ACC5AA118CB4499382A1802FB7D2F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="744DD849BDE589B4D7675AB8E585ADDF" authorityName="S. Li & Lin" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Swilda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swilda" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEB37C3BBEB0D10BF87B4962B6884483" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swilda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. is characterised by its tiny size, fused chelicerae at mid-line, AMEs and book lungs absent, female lacking palps and tarsi much longer than metatarsi. Here, the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="890B2F90A1DE1B32AB95382A583B929C" lsidName="C. longtou" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longtou">
|
||
<emphasis id="18015E86D66472C8869C0F68E078A801" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longtou</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described for the first time and specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44ADBF32F54C54E6B60517ABC3883214" lsidName="P. spinathoraxi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spinathoraxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9AF1F6DF370BD8C35CD193155C6E1D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spinathoraxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are re-examined. We found the morphological features of these two species to be very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71053F620E0F6EC9772D5BF63E89F5FC" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D5D3B3158CB0F2DBCE02B3500AFDFC87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crassignatha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3554E1987B30D81E501C65B71C79C0C0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" author="Li, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 128" refId="B9" refString="Li, Y, Lin, Y, Li, S, 2020. A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae). ZooKeys 988: 63 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" title="A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" volume="988" year="2020">Li et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 65), sharing the following combination of characters: a clasping spine on tibia II and an abdominal scutum latero-posteriorly in the male and a decorated carapace and sclerotised epigastric scutum in both sexes (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="7DFF450827330B8B570C5434D0E2FB79" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Swilda longtou A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19A-F</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="FCBD2C930C818ACF192A69DEE6456926" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Swilda spinathoraxi A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21A-F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The differences between these two species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A8681606C96E6510202836719D51569" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2184DEE3443DDD23F6BBE8094B66572" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crassignatha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are: a pitted and spinous carapace, a sclerotised annular plate that encircles the spinnerets (cf. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="0E80F20687DB3568A3B2AD2B41642FEF" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Swilda longtou A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19A-F</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C8949FB160C506EC9B0C08A58E59E1F" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Swilda spinathoraxi A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21A-F</figureCitation>
|
||
vs. figs 1A-F and 7A-F in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="10CB8A63E8981C082AA48B91BBA351D0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" author="Li, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 128" refId="B9" refString="Li, Y, Lin, Y, Li, S, 2020. A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae). ZooKeys 988: 63 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" title="A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" volume="988" year="2020">Li et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), only 1 male clasping spine (cf. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="52150B375E67EFADDE3D38B8648784BA" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Swilda longtou A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="16BBC55E6AC57BAA27F553DC13E2170B" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Swilda spinathoraxi A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612463" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21B</figureCitation>
|
||
vs. figs 1B and 12C in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D5EEF7D642768723F87C9D43CF60F758" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" author="Li, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 128" refId="B9" refString="Li, Y, Lin, Y, Li, S, 2020. A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae). ZooKeys 988: 63 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" title="A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" volume="988" year="2020">Li et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: only 1 spine in a few species), male palps lack a cymbial tooth, but have a conductor (cf. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="91E8EB63C099530EAB365E10F33AB171" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Swilda longtou A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D epigyne, lateral E vulva, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP 1 = proximal cymbial process; CP 2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612462" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="AE02C3D4AD5CB7D3F540C4DA4DE7AA66" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Swilda spinathoraxi A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D vulva, ventral E vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP 1 = proximal cymbial process; CP 2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (A-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612464" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22A</figureCitation>
|
||
vs. figs 2A and 8A in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EA5D574180E65E7D85862E5DF3BE4F4B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" author="Li, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 128" refId="B9" refString="Li, Y, Lin, Y, Li, S, 2020. A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae). ZooKeys 988: 63 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" title="A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" volume="988" year="2020">Li et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the epigyne lacks a protruded scape (cf. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CC6F4E574F8E9A167D6037FF434E387" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Swilda longtou A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D epigyne, lateral E vulva, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP 1 = proximal cymbial process; CP 2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612462" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20E-F</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4E9DE50B82A7D71D71D032CDEAEAAA9" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Swilda spinathoraxi A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D vulva, ventral E vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CA = cymbial apophysis; CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; Cy = cymbium; CP 1 = proximal cymbial process; CP 2 = distal cymbial process; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (A-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612464" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22E-E</figureCitation>
|
||
vs. figs 2E and 6E in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1801F7305DBFD995CD1863B71117E126" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" author="Li, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 128" refId="B9" refString="Li, Y, Lin, Y, Li, S, 2020. A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae). ZooKeys 988: 63 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" title="A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188" volume="988" year="2020">Li et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="669CD8F0357822C0483334BE1EAE566C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The genetic distance we estimated, based on COI, also indicated differences between these two species and members of other genera (see Appendix Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="4D2D08D20EE38D22F269CFD139B58236" captionStart="Table A1" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table A 1. Uncorrected genetic pairwise distances (lower triangle) and standard errors (upper triangle) of a partial fragment of COI from ten species discussed in this text." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/27250465114A852A43544C31EA7539E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="27250465114A852A43544C31EA7539E8">A1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Phylogenetic analysis of molecular data indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="548D593E8FB1CF4E51995840AE9FA32A" lsidName="P. spinathoraxi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spinathoraxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1660885F0C13542E8E4DF3526F049E04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. spinathoraxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11A679E1B74F24622450D838321AD439" lsidName="C. longtou" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longtou">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9A6AF28EA6DA2DD30AFC3CB0F62F287" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longtou</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are clearly congeneric. Additionally, the combined genetic evidence from five genes supports the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="574A7842D5FF892D531A5B35EEADEA32" authorityName="S. Li & Lin" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Swilda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swilda" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E32302BD5BAFB057EA81B87ACD431EFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swilda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. and the sister group relationship of the two genera (unpubl. data). Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2B887CC61CC14464D9B5BA9381A7202F" authorityName="S. Li & Lin" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Swilda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swilda" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B3DA8AED1B37909024A9531F0ED32AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swilda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. is proposed as a new genus in which to place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C199C2481AAE8B6FCD932921327A9EFE" lsidName="S. longtou" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longtou">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DFBC94D2DB1BC307C801B0D8C6D8E7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. longtou</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3214CFD74DD6ED87F08195A3271F4F2C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160Rivera-Quiroz" author="Miller, JA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="9 - 195" refId="B16" refString="Miller, JA, Griswold, CE, Yin, CM, 2009. The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys 11: 9 - 195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160Rivera-Quiroz" title="The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160Rivera-Quiroz" volume="11" year="2009">Miller et al, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) comb. nov., transferred from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03E00856BB9F10F157FB51CE29BEF32B" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassignatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1E9C492D267D51C22773E4D4D0E3F807" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crassignatha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA43629C18E71A3C3524F3535D1A1CFB" lsidName="S. spinathoraxi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spinathoraxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C3C89FC74BF804B0933A7F2FE1B3277" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. spinathoraxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov., transferred from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C36C2174F517C8A5F699ABB2FFD4E78" authorityName="Marples" authorityYear="1951" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Patu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Patu" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0C82E0B569FDDCC80E015F7988E0A97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Patu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We designate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E6793BB1FCD48A431202929F6EE90FA" authorityName=", (Miller et al." authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Li & Li & Lin" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Swilda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swilda longtou" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longtou">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB19FAFE5EB7BC34D096820B56A717E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Swilda longtou</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the type species for this new genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7864297CC792A5487A25FC977C8446B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D2DEB6C96C5271E351BF82AB31A8E415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E50D868497B6CE0F386437F2A173CDDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
China (Yunnan) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ECCD818E9CFD871C6316807F3BF0AB5" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Distribution records of fourteen species of genera Patu, Kirinua gen. nov. and Swilda gen. nov. in Asia 1 P. catba sp. nov. 2 P. dakou sp. nov. 3 P. damtao sp. nov. 4 P. jiangzhou sp. nov. 5 P. jidanweishi 6 P. nagarat sp. nov. 7 P. nigeri 8 P. putao sp. nov. 9 P. qiqi 10 P. xiaoxiao 11 K. maguai sp. nov. 12 K. yangshuo sp. nov. 13 S. longtou 14 S. spinathoraxi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/612465" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |