312 lines
30 KiB
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312 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8CDCEFEC5D50E8BA2075D3742180D0CC">Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<treatment id="7EEBDE34539457F994F582773FCBAC7A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197823884" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7EEBDE34539457F994F582773FCBAC7A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7EEBDE34539457F994F582773FCBAC7A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Polychaeta" scope_family="Aphroditidae" scope_order="Phyllodocida" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subOrder="Aphroditiformia">
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<subSubSection id="3DBD84DFA40F8E4D94EFECA7147695BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="6D88874D18A8355894ACDF24313FD49F" LSID="7EEBDE34-5394-57F9-94F5-82773FCBAC7A" authority="Theel, 1882" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1882" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Psychropotidae" genus="Benthodytes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benthodytes sanguinolenta" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sanguinolenta">
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Benthodytes cf. sanguinolenta
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<normalizedToken id="49AB7950815876C6A195C6461B3786E3" originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
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, 1882
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<figureCitation id="3701372102BA08A8CA1F4FB743306B0E" captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Benthodytes cf. sanguinolenta Theel, 1882. Specimen CCZ _ 178: A in situ image B dorsal view of specimen before preservation C ventral view. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 1 cm (B, C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716370" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="87E7A10D947588394CCA5D484E116C04" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3BE319266C18E7C71BDD19B21519EC16" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="DC470D5F8918075A31D4A58BA40837A6" accessionNumber="ON400720" collectingDate="2018-06-09" collectorName="Smith, Durden, GenBank, Voucher" elevation="5245" latitude="11.2953" longLatPrecision="54" longitude="-153.742" specimenCount="1">
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Clarion-Clipperton Zone •
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; APEI 1;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="26F55DC003C7BBA37747ED31891DE58A" degrees="11.2953" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.2953">11.2953°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="424DA029023CBA97F3299067C2416CAF" degrees="153.742" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-153.742">153.742°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="DF8A2D46AAEF7F8A72C3C58142627525" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.245" unit="m" value="5245.0">
|
||
<elevation id="660FB69E44AA31E2C9EB89E0F2C7EC62" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.245" unit="m" value="5245.0">5245 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
deep;
|
||
<collectingDate id="89F563CEA7CDF5B823059662880A0211" value="2018-06-09">09 Jun. 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="D46970374C67D85DA7FBD6B84A73A2D2">Smith</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="9625E76D07D1FBB35C795373992C600D">Durden</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectorName id="711FD370192E722404B7C52C175BFFE4">GenBank</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="6E9595B621773318334F2D059F68F6D8" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON400720">ON400720</accessionNumber>
|
||
(COI); NHMUK 2022.70;
|
||
<collectorName id="7F135790B37AB8CF4CBBECBCF839526B">Voucher</collectorName>
|
||
code: CCZ_178
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CE1E09401738571D5ED0FBA6463D57D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0DAB6628EA0FEC4C9583F5A6D876C355" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0771B2F493CCEB5D9E2B42DB64573374" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Single specimen (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D37177A07B912E635F863DA5B9F31926" captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Benthodytes cf. sanguinolenta Theel, 1882. Specimen CCZ _ 178: A in situ image B dorsal view of specimen before preservation C ventral view. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 1 cm (B, C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716370" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colouration of live specimen is light pink dorsally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="54BC694A20EFBCFF81040927259505FD" captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Benthodytes cf. sanguinolenta Theel, 1882. Specimen CCZ _ 178: A in situ image B dorsal view of specimen before preservation C ventral view. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 1 cm (B, C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716370" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44B</figureCitation>
|
||
), darker ventrally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="69DA18B263F0E75B6DC3C4F83B41E1B5" captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Benthodytes cf. sanguinolenta Theel, 1882. Specimen CCZ _ 178: A in situ image B dorsal view of specimen before preservation C ventral view. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 1 cm (B, C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716370" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">44C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles 18, yellow, digitiform. Numerous dorsal papillae scattered on dorsal. Brim wide. Tube feet in double rows along the mid-ventral ambulacrum, ~ 30 pairs, yellowish. Ossicles not found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FAFDEB6B5CA268E0EF3C7AF408470FFD" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716370" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 44" startId="F44">
|
||
<paragraph id="064FAB58AE851245906D599D46C0BFD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="70578F085F8AF6B320CF1640B8C3D5DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 44.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA97362601C83114B97C19ECC438FBC" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1882" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Psychropotidae" genus="Benthodytes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benthodytes sanguinolenta" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sanguinolenta">Benthodytes cf. sanguinolenta</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7BBDD06E8012972DB5711333FFED029B" originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1882. Specimen CCZ_178:
|
||
<emphasis id="829875AFD5F80907E1C4DB075A5AED58" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
in situ image
|
||
<emphasis id="5DF61C58F8BD3FE8354F940C567CCDB7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of specimen before preservation
|
||
<emphasis id="F4FF699330ACBB297756BCBB1F1BFE41" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view. Scale bars: 2 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="2C02F885291862DAC1D2A9F65BA27F10" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="FEEFD1C392588F0223DC14C7E01A402F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
|
||
<emphasis id="AC9492C369CD63F24273ADB3B76B50E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE21A02158B51D12326195F66AEE8D4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="12437B38F725552498439F307B96C2B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="43343B6D4081CC3C5F5C92A7D3799B04" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="56A358C4A49D73ED8447088C8B9306B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The closest match for the COI sequence is a sequence from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B5657E7E0E1B1EFFB6E09E6C5B4FFEB" lsidName="B. sanguinolenta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sanguinolenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="26C36E3EF5A563F803E9B947367340D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. sanguinolenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(GenBank: HM196505.1; 93.54% similarity) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. A genetic study revealed two separate clades within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81C96AAD3C2C35E2462937DBBDB8EF07" lsidName="B. sanguinolenta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sanguinolenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="32FC1FC6F256058AD9F9195E11403C33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. sanguinolenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8AB9AF780AEA6868423A1B51D3577DD5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.011" author="O'Loughlin, PM" journalOrPublisher="Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="264 - 275" refId="B74" refString="O'Loughlin, PM, Paulay, G, Davey, N, Michonneau, F, 2011. The Antarctic region as a marine biodiversity hotspot for echinoderms: Diversity and diversification of sea cucumbers. Deep-sea Research. Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography 58 (1-2): 264 - 275, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.011" title="The Antarctic region as a marine biodiversity hotspot for echinoderms: Diversity and diversification of sea cucumbers. Deep-sea Research." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.011" volume="58" year="2011">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AB0048B16E9D8DD9BD012FD3ADA51E51" originalValue="O’Loughlin">O'Loughlin</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): (1) specimens from northwest Australia, and (2) Ross Sea. None of the samples included in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="52C21F88A84026F2E77F57E1E85AADB1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.011" author="O'Loughlin, PM" journalOrPublisher="Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="264 - 275" refId="B74" refString="O'Loughlin, PM, Paulay, G, Davey, N, Michonneau, F, 2011. The Antarctic region as a marine biodiversity hotspot for echinoderms: Diversity and diversification of sea cucumbers. Deep-sea Research. Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography 58 (1-2): 264 - 275, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.011" title="The Antarctic region as a marine biodiversity hotspot for echinoderms: Diversity and diversification of sea cucumbers. Deep-sea Research." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.011" volume="58" year="2011">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8749F3D50DC996EED1D6E08EA7AB8877" originalValue="O’Loughlin">O'Loughlin</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are from the type locality (34.1167° S 73.9399°'W, off Chile, Pacific Ocean; 4000 m), but they identified at least two separate genetic species. The COI sequence of the specimen collected in the CCZ forms a third clade within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D3BDE8F588E550B8E151BCBDCDEB1F8" lsidName="B. sanguinolenta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sanguinolenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD98FE99D946E78990E8477DCA9212A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. sanguinolenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9B81C8BA74FCE6BBC59F1E5BEFE1A988" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Phylogenetic tree of the class Holothuroidea. Concatenated (12 S, 16 S, 18 S, 28 S, COI, and H 3) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genetic divergence (K2P distance) between the CCZ specimens and both NW Australia and Ross Sea clades is 10.1% and 7.3%, respectively, corresponding to values of intraspecific divergence in the group. In original description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71827F9D3630E138101F76D73A567E93" author="Theel, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoology (Jena, Germany)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 176" refId="B95" refString="Theel, H, 1882. Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H.M.S. 'Challenger' during the years 1873-76. Part i. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Zoology (Jena, Germany) 4: 1 - 176" title="Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76. Part i. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876." volume="4" year="1882">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3AB8CC67CAC855CE7906B4E813E4411E" originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1882)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
describes the body to be 6-7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C55D724535BEFDD5FB3A470E5D41ABB7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, whereas the preserved specimen collected in the CCZ is only ~ 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="26D10E28D033C852ED5258A0869D5588" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, but might be due to preservation as in in situ images it appears longer. However, the number of digitiform tentacles and appearance of small processes are concordant with the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B827C82D9E23E1CC8B6B4EA8ACC2FAAE" lsidName="B. sanguinolenta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sanguinolenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="5061617316C5F4F1503061BEF972F266" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. sanguinolenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E827568DA27AFFFCECBDA80F4848EBE" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1882" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Psychropotidae" genus="Benthodytes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benthodytes sanguinolenta" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sanguinolenta">Benthodytes cf. sanguinolenta</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB8694C5A7B285A65F95E1D6A051DEEB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7251" author="Glover, AG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Marine Science and Engineering" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B33" refString="Glover, AG, Wiklund, H, Rabone, M, Amon, DJ, Smith, CR, O'Hara, T, Mah, CL, Dahlgren, TG, 2016b. Abyssal fauna of the UK-1 polymetallic nodule exploration claim, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Echinodermata. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7251. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7251" title="Abyssal fauna of the UK- 1 polymetallic nodule exploration claim, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Echinodermata. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e 7251." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7251" year="2016 b">Glover et al. (2016b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not form a clade with the CCZ specimen, with COI genetic distance being large (K2P 23%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1A1FB74A6851CF89A3614C29D1242A7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9D089FD6226696E8DED459BD3C0AD4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5DE139C2652BA4A8927DAC54F457C896" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The specimen was found on the sedimented seafloor of an abyssal plain in APEI 1 at 5249 m depth.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="59560E023A7178F6A92C56C989A279C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph id="836C13C921289BBA10DEC561972A0516" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with image-based catalogue.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5DA24AFBDAEA905FF2D92D0909662C62" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
No exactly similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A382D4A6159A4E7E9951098F68A73349" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1882" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Psychropotidae" genus="Benthodytes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benthodytes" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7BCE17E493B8C402208F3EF645DEE0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Benthodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. morphotypes have been so far catalogued from seabed imagery collected in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of specimen CCZ_178 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA8A17C312FB4D9E6854A5333BF23A66" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1882" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Psychropotidae" genus="Benthodytes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benthodytes sanguinolenta" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sanguinolenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="32F826E21C2D5AE321438AAAEDF96335" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Benthodytes sanguinolenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. inc., HOL_124).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |