Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean
Author
Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-8724
Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
l.bribiesca-contreras@nhm.ac.uk
Author
Dahlgren, Thomas G.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6854-2031
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden & Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE, Bergen, Norway
Author
Amon, Diva J.
SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago
Author
Cairns, Stephen
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7209-9271
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA
Author
Drennan, Regan
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-5464
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
Author
Durden, Jennifer M.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-9109
UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Author
Eleaume, Marc P.
Collections & Research, Western Australia Museum, Perth, Australia
Author
Hosie, Andrew M.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-662X
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Author
Kremenetskaia, Antonina
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-3318
School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
Author
McQuaid, Kirsty
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-8332
Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
Author
O'Hara, Timothy D.
Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
Author
Rabone, Muriel
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-2313
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
Author
Simon-Lledo, Erik
UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Author
Smith, Craig R.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3976-0889
School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
Author
Watling, Les
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-1168
School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
Author
Wiklund, Helena
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-3504
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Author
Glover, Adrian G.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-074X
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
text
ZooKeys
2022
2022-07-18
1113
1
110
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
1313-2970-1113-1
EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A
Benthodytes cf. sanguinolenta
Theel
, 1882
Fig. 44
Material.
Clarion-Clipperton Zone •
1 specimen
; APEI 1;
11.2953°N
,
153.742°W
;
5245 m
deep;
09 Jun. 2018
;
Smith
&
Durden
leg.;
GenBank
:
ON400720
(COI); NHMUK 2022.70;
Voucher
code: CCZ_178
.
Description.
Single specimen (Fig.
44A
). Colouration of live specimen is light pink dorsally (Fig.
44B
), darker ventrally (Fig.
44C
). Tentacles 18, yellow, digitiform. Numerous dorsal papillae scattered on dorsal. Brim wide. Tube feet in double rows along the mid-ventral ambulacrum, ~ 30 pairs, yellowish. Ossicles not found.
Figure 44.
Benthodytes cf. sanguinolenta
Theel
, 1882. Specimen CCZ_178:
A
in situ image
B
dorsal view of specimen before preservation
C
ventral view. Scale bars: 2 cm (
A
); 1 cm (
B, C
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
A
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
B, C
).
Remarks.
The closest match for the COI sequence is a sequence from
B. sanguinolenta
(GenBank: HM196505.1; 93.54% similarity) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. A genetic study revealed two separate clades within
B. sanguinolenta
(
O'Loughlin
et al. 2011
): (1) specimens from northwest Australia, and (2) Ross Sea. None of the samples included in
O'Loughlin
et al. (2011)
are from the type locality (34.1167° S 73.9399°'W, off Chile, Pacific Ocean; 4000 m), but they identified at least two separate genetic species. The COI sequence of the specimen collected in the CCZ forms a third clade within the
B. sanguinolenta
species complex (Fig.
34
). Genetic divergence (K2P distance) between the CCZ specimens and both NW Australia and Ross Sea clades is 10.1% and 7.3%, respectively, corresponding to values of intraspecific divergence in the group. In original description,
Theel
(1882)
describes the body to be 6-7
x
longer than wide, whereas the preserved specimen collected in the CCZ is only ~ 3
x
longer than wide, but might be due to preservation as in in situ images it appears longer. However, the number of digitiform tentacles and appearance of small processes are concordant with the description of
B. sanguinolenta
. The sequence of
Benthodytes cf. sanguinolenta
from
Glover et al. (2016b)
does not form a clade with the CCZ specimen, with COI genetic distance being large (K2P 23%).
Ecology.
The specimen was found on the sedimented seafloor of an abyssal plain in APEI 1 at 5249 m depth.
Comparison with image-based catalogue.
No exactly similar
Benthodytes
sp. morphotypes have been so far catalogued from seabed imagery collected in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of specimen CCZ_178 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,
Benthodytes sanguinolenta
sp. inc., HOL_124).