269 lines
38 KiB
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269 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="9639" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b2e2aca7-d96d-4fb3-8d67-bb0a1adcb9e3" ID-PMC="PMC7661483" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-986-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" ID-PubMed="33223879" ID-ZooBank="CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954" ModsDocID="1313-2970-986-1" checkinTime="1604647765603" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hrivniak, Ľubos, Sroka, Pavel, Bojkova, Jindriska & Godunko, Roman J." docDate="2020" docId="7E0EE50321DC53E9BE6CAC17CDE6DB30" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 986: 1-53" docOrigin="ZooKeys 986" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276" docTitle="Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" masterDocTitle="Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732730615386" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="AEBCF48A9E8ED77C2FEDC587538263E3">Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5359F97250BDD3195C5E7C0FCE351D45" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="82C77D7CCECCA0C417F4AEB5B97906B9">Hrivniak, Ľubos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4A1F2700BAC40E5508CBD67D1321F6BF">Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="04B2429865839FA00796F898CC6E217E" type="email">lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E4E9A686CE317B34C647497FFE8B761B">Sroka, Pavel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B229263C936729A7707B257110EAE541">Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7212539A6874C8D4B3FAC878446E221A" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B56F84CB64229E09E7CBC596546B846F">Bojkova, Jindriska</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="557C91DC50A932B57FD0CF98917B7CEB">Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7BD2B70420271F74E227DF51F44FA9C8">Godunko, Roman J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="776E575B389A990FD372BE1EED0AF62C">Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="10B01BA4AFFBCAB6C2FEDC21B9A77CEF" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="82E4FC4AAC5B15859497FB381E969C23" type="email">godunko@seznam.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="697C9E339577EE520E9459B8E7C72ECD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C2524046AD504B9E0E8EF0C162F7B86F">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="69DDF12705C87CF8F20A8294823CDA9E">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="403EC3495B98727F05B7659FC9736198">986</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="DD2E5715F818A7C91DC4C733D39FA48C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="94E1A1009D642D3D383C6618327EF84F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AA7815D842712E4C5FB0C51331CBE223" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7E0EE50321DC53E9BE6CAC17CDE6DB30" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168815727" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E0EE50321DC53E9BE6CAC17CDE6DB30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E0EE50321DC53E9BE6CAC17CDE6DB30" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Heptageniidae" scope_order="Ephemeroptera">
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<subSubSection id="7668C136156A13BB88FB48456C0F6123" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A26B5AABB0F178736A9151DE3390FE46" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="A61098D1EE4569F2182618CB2180D66D" ID-CoL="6FNVJ" LSID="7E0EE503-21DC-53E9-BE6C-AC17CDE6DB30" authority="(Tshernova, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus (Tshernova, 1938)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="92BAEF1D530FCB0685E4B88F6154E080" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471924" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="5344AE7F1B980DFC082A40F01C9DA025" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F-H middle leg in dorsal view I abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula) J abdominal sterna II-VI K, L gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="6E2B84551ED404155FF1ECC40D00D274" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) with detail of hair-like seta B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of hair-like seta F gill I G gill III (arrow points on distinct projection on costal margin) H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape L, M abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) N sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F6BF521B7940200029087DBD578D440D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="362E62ADF251F42275453D171E8095F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E45602902B3723E687708F743D3B2D6B" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Cynigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynigma caucasica" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">Cynigma caucasica</taxonomicName>
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Tshernova, 1938
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BBF8C81CDBB0D163B4E1340820974491" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="39A1E961EB5EDB15EB80A53F45F40E88" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Iron)" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Iron">Epeorus (Iron)</taxonomicName>
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(Tshernova, 1938); in
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<bibRefCitation id="3ACD1742BC2969CBD5CC9562BE996983" author="Tshernova, OA" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="53 - 62" refId="B46" refString="Tshernova, OA, 1974. The generic composition of the mayflies of the family Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) in the Holarctic and Oriental Region. Entomological Review 53: 53 - 62" title="The generic composition of the mayflies of the family Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) in the Holarctic and Oriental Region." volume="53" year="1974">Tshernova (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F982D3E2FE5BB691FBAF73ADB3498903" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="324BBDA0B558D8DDF2AE04503B7A7473" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Iron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iron fuscus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">Iron fuscus</taxonomicName>
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Sinitshenkova, 1976; jun. syn.; in
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<bibRefCitation id="198F3E2E1563F8EE1E5472B9C5E6EE5D" author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="283 - 294" refId="B7" refString="Braasch, D, 1979. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton im Kaukasus (UdSSR) (III) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Reichenbachia 17: 283 - 294" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton im Kaukasus (UdSSR) (III) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)." volume="17" year="1979">Braasch (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC3AC40F8B079602C023A312E0E5F950" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DFD6E241A7600ECD032B240DAABE521D" baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
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(Tshernova, 1938); in
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<bibRefCitation id="5F3FB8701398783D854BE0560FED019A" author="Kluge, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematica Rossica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="233 - 235" refId="B31" refString="Kluge, NJ, 1997b. New subgenera of Holarctic mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Leptophlebiidae, Ephemerellidae). Zoosystematica Rossica 5: 233 - 235" title="New subgenera of Holarctic mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Leptophlebiidae, Ephemerellidae)." volume="5" year="1997 b">Kluge (1997b)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="076DBD1738EFCDF919917F4FD5F6A04B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="5E7413E5E0B70630841679050514E906" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="605B5F70DFD758EBEEDBABD6D7C229F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Azerbaijan, The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, a stream in the vicinity of the upper Sakarsu River (3000 m a.s.l.).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F8A7ECCDF67778D1541C083979EE8A19" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="9D39AAE49D61339EDB83451AE0202B3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="98E02B140C21174091694EC283300B06" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Georgia, south-western Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, eastern Turkey (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="FF79B59522F48522FD337777FBB1EA70" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471924" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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). One of the most widespread species in the Caucasus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EDA29F3B65F4925607DD8808DEA18C0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph id="26605993C11D709BD8388DD72B218A93" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5943296D5F16E17EC686AB2A0F2EE277" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Larvae inhabit small streams and rivers at middle and high altitude, most frequently found above 1000 m a.s.l. Altitudinal range of sampling sites 496-2474 m a.s.l. (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="5BDA0B5276CD62054D6F3DCAC7A70AFB" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471924" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="698A1086966852AAEA6E6744E61F23BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="main morphological diagnostics of larvae">
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<paragraph id="0D1A6A849C045C973442614855334D81" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Main morphological diagnostics of larvae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF8A6E163F49BA5C09F90FFA0A78BE27" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(i) abdominal sterna II-VI with a pair of oblique stripes; nerve ganglia often with stripes or spots (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="E7FD127BC8DFD7ACA1A3F337733680AA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F-H middle leg in dorsal view I abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula) J abdominal sterna II-VI K, L gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B, J</figureCitation>
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); (ii) abdominal terga V-VII with crown-like medial macula (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="90CFD44A572DF0B869C2EF264F751BBF" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F-H middle leg in dorsal view I abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula) J abdominal sterna II-VI K, L gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A, I</figureCitation>
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, arrow); (iii) femora with medial hypodermal spot (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="56306EEBDA07F74B25096390DD1D8A92" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F-H middle leg in dorsal view I abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula) J abdominal sterna II-VI K, L gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4G, H</figureCitation>
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), sporadically absent or poorly visible (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="EAC192DBC12308B963FBB0CBEB320C75" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F-H middle leg in dorsal view I abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula) J abdominal sterna II-VI K, L gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4F</figureCitation>
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); (iv) setae on abdominal terga hair-like (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="4F1C9A2E33882D3D8478984FAB6051B2" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) with detail of hair-like seta B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of hair-like seta F gill I G gill III (arrow points on distinct projection on costal margin) H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape L, M abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) N sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5E</figureCitation>
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); (v) gill plates III with well-developed projection (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A14F3FDF883FEE6DAB55DE2CDE6D74BD" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) with detail of hair-like seta B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of hair-like seta F gill I G gill III (arrow points on distinct projection on costal margin) H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape L, M abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) N sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5G</figureCitation>
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); (vi) tergum X with poorly developed postero-lateral projections (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="B99489F8A3098FBBC0823001463D007C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) with detail of hair-like seta B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of hair-like seta F gill I G gill III (arrow points on distinct projection on costal margin) H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape L, M abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) N sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5M</figureCitation>
|
|
, arrow) or without postero-lateral projections (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="71E6699CC9DF595152659D221E7AFD6B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) with detail of hair-like seta B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of hair-like seta F gill I G gill III (arrow points on distinct projection on costal margin) H gill VII (flattened on slide) I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape L, M abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) N sternum IX of female with observed variability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5L</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="D6440F7B826C72AA695ADB16BB1AA0C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="A3A1964308E13FB6C098289F524BC1ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6BEE7005FBC810728DDEE0E16582ABFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="6DC0F6AFEAB03840FDA0B77033AB39D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="AE619B108FD74F64CDAC254C1CCF6D5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Morphology</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Coloration pattern of abdominal sterna as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2D6A71049F3E7678FC6AC620E592DABC" lsidName="E. (C.) iranicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="iranicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) iranicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="B4B1E6295909738DE9830C31D6C4615F" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G, H abdominal terga (arrows point antero-lateral stripes of medial macula) I, J abdominal sterna II-VI K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471944" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22I, J</figureCitation>
|
|
), similar pattern in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9037CA4F33E44AD0BC5A3DA99F2B82F3" lsidName="E. (C.) zagrosicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="zagrosicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) zagrosicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="9F348B8232D8972F064FD511EE6788AE" captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 46. Epeorus (Caucasiron) zagrosicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G, H abdominal terga (arrows point on dorso-posteriorly extended lateral stripes) I abdominal sterna II-VI J, K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471969" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">46I</figureCitation>
|
|
). Lateral stripes on abdominal terga sporadically dorso-posteriorly extended as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9F73B34D2D0FD79F2B6FEB3E247B0A3" lsidName="E. (C.) nigripilosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigripilosus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) nigripilosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="5369531DDCD5559FEDC6C2AFA778C2F1" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F, - G middle leg in dorsal view H, - I abdominal terga (arrows point on dorso-posteriorly extended lateral stripes) J abdominal sterna II-VI K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471935" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13H, I</figureCitation>
|
|
, arrows). A projection on gill plates III usually well-developed, a slight reduction observed in specimens collected from central Armenia.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="52A47D70E6F5D3BC18776A702D4725ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="AF0BD3893E6889EC5CFC8253BEDD1707" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="3DB10D475CF7A5F678CCC6E5A25E6848" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomy</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
This species was described based on male imagines from the Nakchivan Autonomous Republic (upper Sakarsu River) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C5A696C2740388AE31515172FCF346DA" author="Tshernova, OA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Azerbajdshanskogo Filiala AN SSSR, Baku" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 64" refId="B45" refString="Tshernova, OA, 1938. Zur Kenntnis der Ephemeropteren Ost-Transkaukasien. Trudy Azerbajdshanskogo Filiala AN SSSR, Baku 7: 55 - 64" title="Zur Kenntnis der Ephemeropteren Ost-Transkaukasien." volume="7" year="1938">Tshernova 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The type series is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg (IZ) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EC27E394CF12685540F5451249BF3E62" author="Kluge, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B29" refString="Kluge, NJ, 1995. A catalogue of the type-specimens in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Insecta: Ephemeroptera. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg" title="A catalogue of the type-specimens in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Insecta: Ephemeroptera." year="1995">Kluge 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Female imago not described; the larva described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6C39CF0653DEDDE6C13C502593588227" author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
from several localities in Russia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Larvae and imagines were associated based on the same sampling sites (a part of the larval material originated from the vicinity of the type locality) and a similarity in the coloration of abdomen of the larva and imagines. The description and validity of larval diagnostic characters were discussed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D5F9642F1195CB54815BE1EC99A08F92" author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="283 - 294" refId="B7" refString="Braasch, D, 1979. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton im Kaukasus (UdSSR) (III) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Reichenbachia 17: 283 - 294" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton im Kaukasus (UdSSR) (III) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)." volume="17" year="1979">Braasch (1979</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8A4B1C0EA31F0DE775029AEFC3EA56ED" author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="166 - 173" refId="B8" refString="Braasch, D, 1980. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton (Heptageniidae, Ephemeroptera) im Kaukasus (UdSSR), 2. Entomologische Nachrichten 24: 166 - 173" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton (Heptageniidae, Ephemeroptera) im Kaukasus (UdSSR), 2." volume="24" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). According to him,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E79B7B2702A0DD496B47CE49FDC41879" author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described the larva of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A4D7FB2B4E7E8CD689E0E11B62CE0D34" lsidName="E. (C.) znojkoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
under the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9EE6CD0B4E80EDC700260350B3ACBDCE" lsidName="E. (C.) caucasicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by mistake. This opinion was supported by the investigation of imagines reared from larvae corresponding to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A404EB999C13098EFE44C882C9AB5E9B" lsidName="E. (C.) caucasicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DCBF3D93D00173C1EDDE48A47695ADD9" author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Imagines corresponded to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C87521A91C4D68F59AA5C41E6661A525" lsidName="E. (C.) znojkoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="znojkoi" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) znojkoi</taxonomicName>
|
|
as were described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="402F150D286930EDAC2DB8DC72B07AA8" author="Tshernova, OA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Azerbajdshanskogo Filiala AN SSSR, Baku" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 64" refId="B45" refString="Tshernova, OA, 1938. Zur Kenntnis der Ephemeropteren Ost-Transkaukasien. Trudy Azerbajdshanskogo Filiala AN SSSR, Baku 7: 55 - 64" title="Zur Kenntnis der Ephemeropteren Ost-Transkaukasien." volume="7" year="1938">Tshernova (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. The larva belonging to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="67D6E609B668040779F90EC45A61DEB7" lsidName="E. (C.) caucasicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
was also described in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="58DD1FA2B4823D04341E486799D96993" author="Sinitshenkova, ND" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Sinitshenkova, ND, 1976. Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus. Entomological Review 55: 85 - 92" title="Mayflies of the genus Iron Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in the fauna of the Caucasus." volume="55" year="1976">Sinitshenkova (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, but under erroneous attribution to newly proposed species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EF5640BEB268AF6774FF8B389ACE3D75" lsidName="E. (C.) fuscus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fuscus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Later,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69C7B8B7413E1797C303CB62881D553C" lsidName="E. (C.) fuscus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fuscus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
was considered as a synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4FDF3D333A796A56AFC79A868C6F753" lsidName="E. (C.) caucasicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="748B08A56DAAE3D8B7243A849C0405D3" author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="283 - 294" refId="B7" refString="Braasch, D, 1979. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton im Kaukasus (UdSSR) (III) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Reichenbachia 17: 283 - 294" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Iron Eaton im Kaukasus (UdSSR) (III) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)." volume="17" year="1979">Braasch 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="98E20830621990EE13E8DDD47230A30B" author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="261 - 272" refId="B12" refString="Braasch, D, Soldan, T, 1979. Neue Heptageniidae aus Asien (Ephemeroptera). Reichenbachia 17: 261 - 272" title="Neue Heptageniidae aus Asien (Ephemeroptera)." volume="17" year="1979">
|
|
Braasch and
|
|
<normalizedToken id="00D0A1EE193F313A5945ACD4131B7B05" originalValue="Soldán">Soldan</normalizedToken>
|
|
1979
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="1E84938DA8846703C8EC56EA6515216A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471924" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|
<paragraph id="CD60C3FD42C517565F32BE7985FF4D44" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="61060BFD0015E19696C93ACD90A86D46" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="68716CE6BDD0CFA582D02C2C4BEB15EE" baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="6A1F1CECE456CEB0AC521EAA9C53D6E7" doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|
<paragraph id="C23E5AFD21B6A4182AFAC692BA09D565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="74A29738C2F0F155153D0A9EE6C205C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EF8A05B5D087CB59355887926F5F8294" baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, larva:
|
|
<emphasis id="0C660DE24680EE62D50F9E237091B6F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
habitus in dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis id="B153D91126A6EB440BE255C735DCE5E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
habitus in ventral view
|
|
<emphasis id="050F23267D4D7731600C0B5C684B25F4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
habitus in lateral view
|
|
<emphasis id="910BEE4E3008E79023FFDC7A28EE0F9C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
head of male in dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis id="A6F94E864E853073333B3FE4836B64FD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
head of female in dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis id="252997AEF46E575059AAA1B70425B80B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F-H</emphasis>
|
|
middle leg in dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis id="AF5B0DCC81E17CB7A7AD1B7281AA71BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
|
abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula)
|
|
<emphasis id="EF9A18BA657D9B4FAD9AF1BBE077C200" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
|
abdominal sterna II-VI
|
|
<emphasis id="92EF379A6D08E7857D8730D1B64961C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K, L</emphasis>
|
|
gills VII (in natural position from ventral view).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="65DC9DF712C141AC91BE03D40F432D68" doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph id="9DFD53BE5427F0B47EAC1809587A5925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="F1C6D4693EEB43F2C1FC2D1BDDC1F3F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CA5FAA50B0899610C2DDE3FC8D24C7F8" baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, larva:
|
|
<emphasis id="66E031BD8E01CCC32B9B54DE021DFB18" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) with detail of hair-like seta
|
|
<emphasis id="94995072B8942E59FFABAC7F2F30E8F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
incisors of left mandible
|
|
<emphasis id="A07CB8EFC5EB1F0B395324934A9B8466" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
incisors of right mandible
|
|
<emphasis id="09EA769064E4363A09D131FDEDF37002" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
setae on dorsal surface of femora
|
|
<emphasis id="8B9BD884963F713F32C64D98EEF75FF9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of hair-like seta
|
|
<emphasis id="BFBF4B13DEA49D94E865A15B7F729A29" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
gill I
|
|
<emphasis id="0FB20BAC4B6CF3A6C96C14079E846AAE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
|
gill III (arrow points on distinct projection on costal margin)
|
|
<emphasis id="46D32CFFE90B9480EBB71120465BE8E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
|
gill VII (flattened on slide)
|
|
<emphasis id="C05E1B7F844AE9D4603A9A445F9E4A07" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I-K</emphasis>
|
|
gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape
|
|
<emphasis id="9044B5F5D1A19D103DB6061EAA09C79D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L, M</emphasis>
|
|
abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection)
|
|
<emphasis id="376D19216068F78A3583508C77FCD17F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
|
sternum IX of female with observed variability.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |