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<mods:title id="337CDDBF56A1C1D4414A8AA0C2BB6981">Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials</mods:title>
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Zhang
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Shin
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672CFFFCFBE0FE25F73AFE38" box="[1025,1072,459,483]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">et al</emphasis>
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Huang
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672CFFFCFAF5FE25F649FE38" box="[1300,1347,459,483]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">et al</emphasis>
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i: slide, front side; ii: slide, flip side; A: habitus, lateral view; B: head, frontal view; C: hypopygium, ventral view; D: fourth antennal flagellomere.
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(
<collectingCountry id="86DF7643672CFFFCFD3FF9ACF02DF984" box="[734,807,1605,1631]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">China</collectingCountry>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE7736D3672CFFFCFF26F980F0EEF97C" blockId="11.[151,1437,1569,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672CFFFCFF26F980F2BEF958" bold="true" box="[199,436,1641,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="4EA03C8E672CFFFCFE5EF980F0EEF97C" collectingDate="2005-08-04" collectionCode="SM" collectorName="Yi-Ping Wang." county="Lishui" elevation="600" latitude="28.016666" location="Mt. Wuyanling nature reserve" longLatPrecision="1234" longitude="120.63333" municipality="Taishun" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" specimenCode="SM00948" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Zhejiang" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="21738871672CFFFCFE5EF980F12DF958" box="[447,551,1641,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
[
<specimenCode id="AE6E9EA8672CFFFCFDD9F980F1A5F958" box="[568,687,1641,1667]" collectionCode="SM" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">SM00948</specimenCode>
],
<specimenCount id="E8CEFD5A672CFFFCFD25F980F1E3F958" box="[708,745,1641,1667]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="3C0CF831672CFFFCFD18F980F0C7F958" box="[761,973,1641,1667]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Zhejiang Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="17164E5F672CFFFCFC3DF980F72CF958" box="[988,1062,1641,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Lishui</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="1E13ACA9672CFFFCFBD4F980F79AF958" box="[1077,1168,1641,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Taishun</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="FB176008672CFFFCFB7EF980F3E1F97C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:766187C5672CFFFBFF76FE8EF053FE9A:FB176008672CFFFCFB7EF980F3E1F97C" county="Lishui" latitude="28.016666" longLatPrecision="1234" longitude="120.63333" municipality="Taishun" name="Mt. Wuyanling nature reserve" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" stateProvince="Zhejiang">Mt. Wuyanling nature reserve</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9BFC5014672CFFFCFF17F967F257F97C" box="[246,349,1677,1705]" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" precision="925" value="28.016666">28°01 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9BFC5014672CFFFCFE88F967F2D0F97C" box="[361,474,1677,1705]" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" precision="925" value="120.63333">120°38 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="75E5D1E0672CFFFCFE07F964F162F97C" box="[486,616,1677,1703]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="m" value="600.0">
<quantity id="39309B36672CFFFCFE07F964F127F97C" box="[486,557,1677,1703]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
<date id="8A761013672CFFFCFD8EF964F00EF973" box="[623,772,1677,1704]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" value="2005-08-04">
<collectingDate id="9A32E9FB672CFFFCFD8EF964F00EF973" box="[623,772,1677,1704]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" value="2005-08-04">04.VIII.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="533D5305672CFFFCFCDFF964F0EEF97C" box="[830,996,1677,1703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Yi-Ping Wang.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE7736D3672CFFFCFF26F958F2A8F830" blockId="11.[151,1437,1569,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672CFFFCFF26F958F2D1F910" bold="true" box="[199,475,1713,1739]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Additional description.</emphasis>
Male. Head brown, antenna and maxillary palpus stramineous. Eye bridge four facets wide. Face with 68 setae. Maxillary palpus with three segments (
<figureCitation id="66F32A56672CFFFCFC9CF93CF0DFF934" box="[893,981,1749,1775]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,547,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[183,1404,538,1411]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Zygoneura (Pharetratula) longa Zhang &amp; Wu. i: slide, front side; ii: slide, flip side; A: habitus, lateral view; B: head, frontal view; C: hypopygium, ventral view; D: fourth antennal flagellomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346917/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). Fourth antennal flagellomere 2.5 times as long as wide, body with mostly short setae and with a row of clearly elongated setae near the neck (
<figureCitation id="66F32A56672CFFFCFAD5F910F685F8C8" box="[1332,1423,1785,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,547,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[183,1404,538,1411]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Zygoneura (Pharetratula) longa Zhang &amp; Wu. i: slide, front side; ii: slide, flip side; A: habitus, lateral view; B: head, frontal view; C: hypopygium, ventral view; D: fourth antennal flagellomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346917/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
). Thorax pale brown. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. M
<subScript id="624C3496672CFFFCFCB4F8C6F057F8E6" attach="left" box="[853,861,1839,1853]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">1</subScript>
, M
<subScript id="624C3496672CFFFCFC67F8C6F084F8E6" attach="left" box="[902,910,1839,1853]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">2</subScript>
, CuA
<subScript id="624C3496672CFFFCFC33F8C6F0D0F8E6" attach="left" box="[978,986,1839,1853]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">1</subScript>
, CuA
<subScript id="624C3496672CFFFCFBFEF8C6F72DF8E6" attach="left" box="[1055,1063,1839,1853]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">2</subScript>
, r-m with no setae. stM faded in the specimen. Legs (
<figureCitation id="66F32A56672CFFFCFE67F8A8F2EBF880" box="[390,481,1857,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,547,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[183,1404,538,1411]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Zygoneura (Pharetratula) longa Zhang &amp; Wu. i: slide, front side; ii: slide, flip side; A: habitus, lateral view; B: head, frontal view; C: hypopygium, ventral view; D: fourth antennal flagellomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346917/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
) stramineous. Tarsal claws three-toothed. Hypopygium (
<figureCitation id="66F32A56672CFFFCFB8DF8A8F7CFF880" box="[1132,1221,1857,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,547,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[183,1404,538,1411]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Zygoneura (Pharetratula) longa Zhang &amp; Wu. i: slide, front side; ii: slide, flip side; A: habitus, lateral view; B: head, frontal view; C: hypopygium, ventral view; D: fourth antennal flagellomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346917/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
) yellowish brown. Gonocoxae nearly as long as or slightly longer than gonostyli, ventral medial margin with two distinct groups of setae. Gonostylus (
<figureCitation id="66F32A56672CFFFCFE88F860F2B6F878" box="[361,444,1929,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,547,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[183,1404,538,1411]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Zygoneura (Pharetratula) longa Zhang &amp; Wu. i: slide, front side; ii: slide, flip side; A: habitus, lateral view; B: head, frontal view; C: hypopygium, ventral view; D: fourth antennal flagellomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346917/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
) slender, with a sub-apical and a sub-basal megasetae, inner margin slightly concave, with short fine setae. Tegmen membranous, higher than wide.Aedeagus short, slender (
<figureCitation id="66F32A56672CFFFCFBC5F844F771F81C" box="[1060,1147,1965,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,547,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[183,1404,538,1411]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Zygoneura (Pharetratula) longa Zhang &amp; Wu. i: slide, front side; ii: slide, flip side; A: habitus, lateral view; B: head, frontal view; C: hypopygium, ventral view; D: fourth antennal flagellomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346917/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
). For detailed description, see
<bibRefCitation id="9A594B22672CFFFCFF23F838F297F830" author="Zhang, S. J. &amp; Wu, H. &amp; Huang, J. H." box="[194,413,2001,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="388" pagination="40 - 48" refId="ref15859" refString="Zhang, S. J., Wu, H. &amp; Huang, J. H. (2010) The genus Zygoneura Meigen in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa, 2368 (1), 40 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2368.1.2" type="journal article" year="2010">
Zhang
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672CFFFCFEF1F83BF248F830" box="[272,322,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="388">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6D26558672BFFFBFF26FF7EF730FEC6" pageId="12" pageNumber="389" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FE7736D3672BFFFBFF26FF7EF730FEC6" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672BFFFBFF26FF7EF231FF6A" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">Remarks.</emphasis>
Only
<typeStatus id="21738871672BFFFBFE9EFF7EF2E9FF6A" box="[383,483,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="389" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
seen,
<specimenCount id="E8CEFD5A672BFFFBFDC8FF7EF16BFF6A" box="[553,609,151,177]" count="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="389" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="21738871672BFFFBFD86FF7EF1DFFF6A" box="[615,725,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="389" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
[SM00129, SM00507] on loan and not examined in this study. This species resembles
<taxonomicName id="39C84D50672BFFFBFE51FF52F717FF0E" authority="(Mohrig &amp; Mamaev)" baseAuthorityName="Mohrig &amp; Mamaev" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[432,1053,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Zygoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subdivergens" subGenus="Pharetratula">
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672BFFFBFE51FF52F2C2FF0F" box="[432,456,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">Z.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672BFFFBFE3DFF52F165FF0E" box="[476,623,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">Pharetratula</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672BFFFBFD62FF52F013FF0E" box="[643,793,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">subdivergens</emphasis>
(Mohrig &amp; Mamaev)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="39C84D50672BFFFBFBBAFF52F204FF22" authority="(Mamaev)" baseAuthorityName="Mamaev" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Zygoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergens" subGenus="Pharetratula">
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672BFFFBFBBAFF52F779FF0F" box="[1115,1139,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">Z.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672BFFFBFB66FF52F610FF0E" box="[1159,1306,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">Pharetratula</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672BFFFBFACFFF52F696FF0E" box="[1326,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">divergens</emphasis>
(Mamaev)
</taxonomicName>
in the subapical and sub-basal megasetae. However, it can easily be distinguished by the distinctly more slender gonostylus (
<figureCitation id="66F32A56672BFFFBFE58FEEAF105FEC6" box="[441,527,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,547,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[183,1404,538,1411]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Zygoneura (Pharetratula) longa Zhang &amp; Wu. i: slide, front side; ii: slide, flip side; A: habitus, lateral view; B: head, frontal view; C: hypopygium, ventral view; D: fourth antennal flagellomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346917/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
) and two unequal megasetae (
<bibRefCitation id="9A594B22672BFFFBFC83FEEAF724FEC6" author="Zhang, S. J. &amp; Wu, H. &amp; Huang, J. H." box="[866,1070,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="389" pagination="40 - 48" refId="ref15859" refString="Zhang, S. J., Wu, H. &amp; Huang, J. H. (2010) The genus Zygoneura Meigen in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa, 2368 (1), 40 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2368.1.2" type="journal article" year="2010">
Zhang
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672BFFFBFC53FEEAF0E9FEC6" box="[946,995,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6D26558672BFFFBFF26FECFF053FE9A" box="[199,857,294,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="389" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FE7736D3672BFFFBFF26FECFF053FE9A" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,321]" box="[199,857,294,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672BFFFBFF26FECFF26BFE9B" bold="true" box="[199,353,294,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="86DF7643672BFFFBFE86FECEF2A4FE9A" box="[359,430,295,321]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="3C0CF831672BFFFBFE58FECEF12AFE9A" box="[441,544,295,321]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="3C0CF831672BFFFBFDCAFECEF179FE9A" box="[555,627,295,321]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">Fujian</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9A594B22672BFFFBFD60FECEF047FE9A" author="Zhang, S. J. &amp; Wu, H. &amp; Huang, J. H." box="[641,845,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="389" pagination="40 - 48" refId="ref15859" refString="Zhang, S. J., Wu, H. &amp; Huang, J. H. (2010) The genus Zygoneura Meigen in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa, 2368 (1), 40 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2368.1.2" type="journal article" year="2010">
Zhang
<emphasis id="CCBCEAC1672BFFFBFD30FECEF008FE9A" box="[721,770,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="389">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>