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<document id="47E132EC16150B9CF8819CF0D64A2D2C" ID-CLB-Dataset="25722" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84c8a2ac-d7b8-46f3-9888-ce6c1485ac65" ID-PMC="PMC3088436" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-68-1" ID-PubMed="21594036" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-68-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 68" ModsDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho)calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" checkinTime="1451250894870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M., Beglinger, Elly J. &amp; De Voogd, Nicole J." docDate="2010" docId="757F0570F5B2C2A28A121346A834D0DD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 68: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 68" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" docTitle="Dercitus (Stoeba) reptans Desqueyroux-Faundez &amp; Van Soest 1997" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="5D0AFFB7C87613675E79FFF7DA38AE2E" masterDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1732650052328" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2D41EFBF58CFC38B828DCD0DA27F6CB5">Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="848329DE5326714C18A6EC9107EAD5AB">Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="450F3F4809A592E1F1CE9F4403559A98">Beglinger, Elly J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D8B52925D5A64A2D7383F4FBA9114298">De Voogd, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="23F1848CD20012D7D728BEF46E71C33A">2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D43655E3AC67F6421C4ECA7C69243DFA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FD43FBB178E385A85F6D9A0A2EEFBDA8">68</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="01296EAF8439B59BDC60812E7AB5EC32" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="757F0570F5B2C2A28A121346A834D0DD" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360713" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:757F0570F5B2C2A28A121346A834D0DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/757F0570F5B2C2A28A121346A834D0DD" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" scope_class="Demospongiae" scope_family="Pachastrellidae" scope_order="Astrophorida" scope_phylum="Porifera" scope_subGenus="Stoeba">
<subSubSection id="A19171989A031560FBEB189D6512216D" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="47230A0118682E30A06137D2C758DE81" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="6B731BC34A99196BB715C2F8E1B398EB" ID-CoL="34W2G" authority="Desqueyroux-Faundez &amp; Van Soest, 1997" authorityName="Desqueyroux-Faundez &amp; Van Soest" authorityYear="1997" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) reptans" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="reptans" subGenus="Stoeba">
Dercitus Stoeba reptans
<normalizedToken id="49F4DCF5F948685D8466F72051FA859A" originalValue="Desqueyroux-Faúndez">Desqueyroux-Faundez</normalizedToken>
&amp; Van Soest, 1997
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4263A12D62ED67EB28D0A6E201443361" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CBAAC572AD21A5530A1F74DCBC47BCCC" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="650522B511B685F56FB6F62A2C7B5540" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus reptans" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="reptans">Dercitus reptans</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="23AA27A9F1914FC8DF43439AD5DF55F3" author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R" journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de Zoologie" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="379 - 467" title="Shallow water Demosponges of the Galapagos Islands." volume="104" year="1997">
<normalizedToken id="4C8F9912074B9655DA8BA24321D02E74" originalValue="Desqueyroux-Faúndez">Desqueyroux-Faundez</normalizedToken>
and Van Soest 1997
</bibRefCitation>
: 402, Figs 50-52.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB6864F1E48F2ECBEEE291839D5C838F" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="29A8E76DCD8ED45F2D7637F355C11021" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C68019B45ABE2F3217E7880D6811FCA" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Holotype USNM 43170, Galapagos Islands, Albemarle Island, 0-3 m, 0.25°S; 91.4833°W, coll. Anton Bruun Cruise 16-66139, 25 May 1966 (slides and fragments of the holotype are present in MHNG, nr. 18963). Paratype ZMA Por. 11215, three fragments from the same locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2A2A710D93B4E30BE3608EA6711C2D4F" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="6FD00CF2A4D0BE921821D7BDDA41EB7B" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E9786AB7BB57FF8A51931F7FDBA28051" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
(from
<bibRefCitation id="3B4025B6C8E34F0618FD5E22637D3716" author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R" journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de Zoologie" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="379 - 467" title="Shallow water Demosponges of the Galapagos Islands." volume="104" year="1997">
<normalizedToken id="E5CC209EFEBC9C91D44C923F72F16A1D" originalValue="Desqueyroux-Faúndez">Desqueyroux-Faundez</normalizedToken>
and Van Soest 1997
</bibRefCitation>
). Creeping branches encrusting corals. Surface micronulose, no oscules, whitish pink (preserved condition).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F07B6FCA890F182292E750BC6D60630" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Skeleton: thick ectosomal crust of microscleres. Choanosomal skeleton confused mass of megascleres.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C1C0A23AE743D839D09B7134B6985D1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Spicules: calthrops, dichocalthrops, sanidasters. Some spicule types are remeasured to provide additional data and to correct a remarkable error in the original description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6DE43C41414749981787495A4E513484" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Calthrops robust, variable in size, cladi 344
<normalizedToken id="3019FA995045B3B2E48C748B1E37CE5A" originalValue="484">-484-</normalizedToken>
648 (remeasured 39-648) x 16
<normalizedToken id="2BDFB69EFC8431CBC1576C0BE3009FF6" originalValue="27">-27-</normalizedToken>
50
<normalizedToken id="DB76E855B74B05C83A6819BEE0E74049" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(remeasured 6-50
<normalizedToken id="66025CDA9FD587D787A760DCBF603335" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) (cladome up to 670
<normalizedToken id="FCFE414C3A24DFD9FFCBC275B5D8607B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, remeasured 60-680
<normalizedToken id="5BFDA622F006937487C357D32BF08C78" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
). The smaller calthrops category reported here is rare.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E7431E873444EA82A28A9B59C59267E" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Dichocalthrops, or short-shafted dichotriaenes, small, cladome 156
<normalizedToken id="C90EDCB421D6692609EE07FDA5410E09" originalValue="164">-164-</normalizedToken>
170
<normalizedToken id="4F6339258702E70F6F8AB81F4D6A657A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(remeasured 141
<normalizedToken id="A3AD135D12A3FB25C2957AFE72558C3B" originalValue="154.5">-154.5-</normalizedToken>
180
<normalizedToken id="52E149FAC6BB99AC302F8B33F4D5980E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
), individual cladi up to 90
<normalizedToken id="315A4DB2AE63FFB1192208805FCBA40C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8-9
<normalizedToken id="FE234D035E999C885F98276908AEE285" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(remeasured: protocladi 27
<normalizedToken id="17DBBC9369185A4F9DBD869534C19CA5" originalValue="33.8">-33.8-</normalizedToken>
36
<normalizedToken id="2EA04E9116C925C0BBA864B54CD18912" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9
<normalizedToken id="086168720BC8AB866CB27DC813C076D8" originalValue="10.4">-10.4-</normalizedToken>
12
<normalizedToken id="3F5BB1FE608671DDA95A9F2A14208ADD" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; deuterocladi 35
<normalizedToken id="85E7134D8F632A53FDF19CFC2C3E55AE" originalValue="47.2">-47.2-</normalizedToken>
69
<normalizedToken id="C14164D0347742EB1AB8A8157EE83F27" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6
<normalizedToken id="A0407E76948E3383EA7451965DE464E8" originalValue="8.2">-8.2-</normalizedToken>
11
<normalizedToken id="930692E22061449CB475C903031F48A5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; rhabds 57
<normalizedToken id="489C03B568F4CC700F1321FA2D8AEB43" originalValue="74.5">-74.5-</normalizedToken>
106
<normalizedToken id="178E1BE83A371F5CA79CAE7BF6B031D3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9
<normalizedToken id="F6715D43D0CFB0A024B4BAC37600B155" originalValue="11.0">-11.0-</normalizedToken>
12
<normalizedToken id="E95F4DDF601D2070A83537BA06C53E58" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A1CF13ECF3A7B907EDBE7AFD1107CD1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Sanidasters: short and slim, with blunt apices. Remarkably, they were quoted to be 15-74
<normalizedToken id="8B0164914576F70E80F2AB6A1C0FF155" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-8
<normalizedToken id="946F4E04CCED0676C3D9D15C2C13C8C9" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in size, but this is an obvious error. Remeasured they appear to be highly uniform in size and shape: 9
<normalizedToken id="DCDE44230E0D8A15D093547F269D2F46" originalValue="12.8">-12.8-</normalizedToken>
16
<normalizedToken id="DD7F33FF2F7ECD0D17EC71477771ADE5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1
<normalizedToken id="ACDE2D2817049DE239ABB022999996CC" originalValue="1.9">-1.9-</normalizedToken>
2.5
<normalizedToken id="25494A7C7083E078A3D4B67AB5329A67" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, which is also in accordance with the size and shape of the figured sanidaster (fig. 52).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20EBED24CED2371F8A595D1ED1844167" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="BB25AE77AF0B0D5FCBF3F344B7BB84DC" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75A7885F97E4C533DFD94195C3D7DB25" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Shallow water.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AB4C44B64C455B4BE8CE12FD27F3940A" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9036F583D710DF6B16551ECAC3B74C7B" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F41B5885EA6D71034C4D02232498B5B4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Only known from the Galapagos Islands.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="607979D7E648D824310CC7115FD1AF34" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="77C682A7BB0477BA26DD86239B121089" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA90E0FA1D62962CF601EF9C58DFBFF6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
By its large calthrops this species stands out among
<taxonomicName id="17933593C098393F2C1EC940DDA2F2E1" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Dercitus</taxonomicName>
species with a complement of small dichocalthrops. None of the extant species are morphologically close.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>