treatments-xml/data/72/94/E8/7294E8B14F9BC38F7416197079713D53.xml

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<mods:title id="0AD1ABE85EA61FB182F167889D80A6F9">An investigation on Mycetinis (Euagarics, Basidiomycota)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="97AFC063E42B41F0566C2182BC6E6838">Petersen, Ronald H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="337B658F65596332CC90702DD6CAEA62">Hughes, Karen W.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="7294E8B14F9BC38F7416197079713D53" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650015" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7294E8B14F9BC38F7416197079713D53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7294E8B14F9BC38F7416197079713D53" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" scope_phylum="Basidiomycota">
<subSubSection id="8E340280288A3A57A93D4FC2B794981E" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E642707E74F0414492B8C5331AB8B514" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
8. 
<taxonomicName id="B658C6DD934DAD8CAEAB1CEEC0254FE9" ID-CoL="6S4D3" authority="(Berk. &amp; M. A. Curtis.) A. W. Wilson &amp; Desjardin., 2005. Mycologia 97: 677 - 678." class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Mycetinis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Mycetinis opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Mycetinis opacus (Berk. &amp; M.A. Curtis.) A.W. Wilson &amp; Desjardin., 2005. Mycologia 97: 677-678.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8CE6E9475AD14781829E1B177183D758" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2AD8262ED91DE485DB0DBB1839B22CD5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="9DB2CA1D25B510F0301A0A94656A1EB9" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Marasmius opacus</taxonomicName>
Basionym. Berk. &amp; M.A. Curtis 1849. 
<normalizedToken id="87E1072C2D1291DA63980B55A15035BB" originalValue="Hooker’s">Hooker's</normalizedToken>
J. Bot. 1: 99. ≡ 
<taxonomicName id="825F1DD03DD534EC404E7690AD10C686" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmiellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmiellus opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Marasmiellus opacus</taxonomicName>
(Berk. &amp; M.A. Curtis) Singer. &quot;1949&quot;(1951). Lliloa 22: 300.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4593515CF10F14AF8B425037B25CDADF" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">
<paragraph id="FD06B0C90AC8C4D08D27CB067998A3D2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E5E481908D02A040630D9B589ADDCA4A" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
United States, South Carolina, Darlington Co., Society Hill, 
<geoCoordinate id="47F219B2EF26362C2E66CC7092D5A15A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="34.513054">N34°30'47&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="636EFFC8CC468D96641567800FB9408B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-79.85083">W79°51'03&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, VI, Curtis 1241 (FH, K).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="205A6CC7ABD075B9794BF6AEF7721354" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7D757A702F8922472BF40CC60815481B" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6AF5011687470C6D5BDC36FEDD88E39B" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
1) Basidiomata of moderate size, gracile (pileus 3-20 mm broad; stipe 10-45 
<normalizedToken id="E9A068BB9CB1FAEC16FC090E6B0EEB81" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2.5 mm); 2) rhizomorphs usually plentiful, slender, pallid, usually erect; 3) pleurocystidia fusiform, usually submammilate; 4) cheilocystidia arbuscular with coarse branches, not setulose; 5) pileipellis microstructures differing significantly from pileus margin to disc; 6) odor and taste negligible (not alliaceous); 7) distribution in eastern North America (with some extralimital reports); 8) fruiting chiefly on dead 
<taxonomicName id="8A7BB338D3B5E2AC5731AB940B91CD38" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhododendron" order="Ericales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhododendron</taxonomicName>
twigs and leaves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79D4AD07BD118CD4B09C0050D1420DFE" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="75159C46A947959853F5CC9AA17C0908" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66155A80515EDF16EBC2D4298BF7C961" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Basidiomata (Fig. 50) of moderate size, marcescent, reviving. Pileus 3-15(-20) mm diam, convex with decurved margin when young, expanding with age to plano-convex or sometimes plane with decurved or uplifted margin; disc rarely subumbonate, sometimes slightly depressed; margin entire when young, remaining so throughout maturation or becoming striate to rugulose-striate in age; surface smooth, sueded-like, dry, opaque, finely powdery or granulose overall when young, disc remaining so in age and margin sometimes becoming glabrous; when young, disc colored &quot;pale vinaceous fawn&quot;6C2-3, 
<normalizedToken id="71794A78E8E1C8B015EEA510A3379743" originalValue="“drab”">&quot;drab&quot;</normalizedToken>
6D3, &quot;hair brown&quot; 6D-E3, near &quot;Rood's brown&quot; 7D5, &quot;chestnut brown&quot; 7D-E4-5, or &quot;clove brown&quot; 7F3-4, with a slightly paler margin, with maturation disc region retaining greyish brown tones or fading to &quot;vinaceous 
<pageBreakToken id="1F3BABDA7FD4A2748C9F28C18909CBD8" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">buff</pageBreakToken>
&quot; 6C3-4, pale greyish yellow 5D3, pale brownish orange 5C3-4, &quot;pale vinaceous fawn&quot; 5-6B3, &quot;pale cinnamon pink&quot; 5A2, or &quot;pale yellow-orange&quot; 4A3, margin in age fading to &quot;tilleul buff&quot; 5-6B2, &quot;pale pinkish cinnamon&quot; 6A2, &quot;pale cinnamon pink&quot; 
<pageBreakToken id="E81177FD55FD7FAC0CD1C8999605B98E" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">5</pageBreakToken>
A2, &quot;pale yellow-orange&quot; 4A3, pale greyish buff or white; in age pileus typically with a pale greyish brown disc region and white margin, in wet weather entire pileus sometimes becoming white. Context thin (&lt;1 mm), buff. Lamellae adnate or shallowly adnexed, subdistant, total lamellae 12-18, non-intervenose to somewhat so, especially near pileus margin, seldom forked, sometimes wavy in outline, non-marginate, white, buff, &quot;pale ochraceous buff&quot; 4A2, not discoloring. Stipe 10-40 (-45) 
<normalizedToken id="6D5245D1A04355CADCCD040BD23ACC0E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2.5 mm, central, terete or seldom compressed, equal, solid at first becoming hollow in age, pruinose to pubescent or fibrillose overall or with furfuraceous base, insititious, tough; apex buff, pinkish buff, &quot;pale cinnamon pink&quot; 5B2-3 or near &quot;tawny olive&quot; 5C4, base brownish grey 5C2-3, 
<normalizedToken id="B087304F09FA4BC096221ABF6157E602" originalValue="“drab”">&quot;drab&quot;</normalizedToken>
6D3, &quot;hair brown&quot; 6-7D-E3, &quot;buffy brown&quot; 6-7D4-5 
<normalizedToken id="410A78AEBAE6AEC6EF8D84FAA4898CC3" originalValue="“fuscous”">&quot;fuscous&quot;</normalizedToken>
6E4, &quot;chestnut brown&quot; 6-7E4. Rhizomorphs (Fig. 50) abundant, well-developed, cord-like, ranging from buff to orange white to pale brownish orange, greyish brown or light brown, often branched and forming tangled masses. Odor not distinct or faintly sweet; taste not distinctive.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8A8B4153871442FAE825CB795DF81F5D" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<paragraph id="8DBE2243B2ED0C7D19B85257D28C0C01" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Figure 50. 
<taxonomicName id="BEF2D9791149F3292C96E2830614CE0D" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Mycetinis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Mycetinis opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Mycetinis opacus</taxonomicName>
. Basidiomata. ATFB 11769 (TENN-F-59880) BTFB 12467 (TENN-F-60541). Standard bars: A = ruler in millimeters. B = 20 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E00416A73F34ED54D6A217B61F73599" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="5FBF83D1CD2949542FBE51AF7884F9D7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Habitat and phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA1DAC216E3C1304E115910390560EDB" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Scattered or gregarious on fallen twigs and leaves of 
<taxonomicName id="62300B02EE702E12A9C6EBC28032D795" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhododendron maximum" order="Ericales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maximum">Rhododendron maximum</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="56D17E497D4B309F67BA8F932ADBF457" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga canadensis" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">Tsuga canadensis</taxonomicName>
, rarely on debris of 
<taxonomicName id="BC012AD1F685ACF589773CDEE271A0F1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
spp., 
<taxonomicName id="7606ABFAC1A6521449B660103C7E68C5" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
spp or undetermined deciduous hardwoods; common in temperate eastern North America, rare in southwestern United States and Japan. Known U.S. distribution: Arizona, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8EA4B4545EE7CE741685242C716B4BAA" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<pageBreakToken id="111DE627CC1DF040630B8808777FA985" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">Pileus</pageBreakToken>
margin pileipellis a modified rameales-structure, composed of two conspicuously clamped elements: 1) hyphae repent, diverticulate (Fig. 52 
<normalizedToken id="704AA51E3FD1B53EB749ADC6C76CDD6A" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
), 3-5.5 
<normalizedToken id="0BE0003C07776C763AA10030D3DB5F14" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, firm-walled, producing side branches; side branches 2-7 
<normalizedToken id="6E82343C8A21F9DFD88B0B3B680D9100" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4 
<normalizedToken id="1889DA097BBF47E35A8640395338AAF9" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, broadly digitate or cylindrical, often dichotomous; and 2) broom cell-like pileocystidia (Fig. 52 
<normalizedToken id="00AB8D181EE6FD5FB6EEE6270E87AE97" originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
) 31-42 
<normalizedToken id="EFF9F8E2B8E951DC117B6A3958F88D17" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9-14 
<normalizedToken id="3C01500702CB6E89C764B8C4D7C4AE90" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
overall, arbuscular, stalked (stalk 4-35 
<normalizedToken id="340555ED1560D82BB3073E82CEDDBD52" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5-5.5 
<normalizedToken id="ABFD03BA1D39DE129B1E63C407182CD7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, firm-walled, clamped at base), unexpended distally, producing apical branches irregularly in 360°(branches 2-7 
<normalizedToken id="3881EC07329E46E748E1F462E46BEECE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4.5 
<normalizedToken id="03A55F935A94CE81572368AEC5301930" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, rounded at apex, rarely dichotomous); branches resembling those of diverticulate hyphae, often evacuating but not collapsing (i.e. remaining as 
<normalizedToken id="DFB037EC72234C829F6EE97C888ABB1F" originalValue="“exoskeletons”">&quot;exoskeletons&quot;</normalizedToken>
in pileipellis). Pileus disc pileipellis constructed of the following: 1) occasional pileal hairs (Fig. 51) 10-80 
<normalizedToken id="A71E45CDD4149090B836B524B48C3D29" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5-5.4 
<normalizedToken id="99881E7F52F162BA35CF72512CB5254B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, cylindrical, arising as side branches of repent hyphae, often minutely roughened, usually subcapitulate; 2) an irregularly hymeniform layer of inflated hyphal termini (Fig. 53) 14-34 
<normalizedToken id="A49EB2AAF333043A89D5B6DD12D9AEBB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(6-)8-15 
<normalizedToken id="B6EA329CCDF7240714FA95BE5F3AD2AD" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, ranging from digitate, gnarled-digitate, ellipsoid to broadly clavate, almost always thick-walled over inflated portion [wall -1.5 
<normalizedToken id="9131339DC5405A1A77371AA17F496758" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, refringent (PhC), sometimes vaguely pigmented yellowish], obscurely clamped, apparently immersed in a thin slime matrix; 3) widely scattered pileocystidia as in pileus margin, but generally crumpled and difficult to recognize; and 4) underlying a thicker tightly interwoven thatch of hyphae 3-7 
<normalizedToken id="5E912DDD6A4E4E276568E142B6C6BA97" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, smooth, thick-walled (wall -1 
<normalizedToken id="DEC6537756C9540D4BB95783096D4B2F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, not gelatinized), conspicuously clamped. Pileus trama hyphae interwoven. Hymenophoral trama regular; hyphae 3.0-8.0 
<normalizedToken id="940D23FB91E081CEBEE1F8D89BB99D2B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, filamentous, smooth or encrusted nearest the pileipellis, non-gelatinous, hyaline or subhyaline, inamyloid, thin- to thick-walled (up to 1.5 
<normalizedToken id="C883BFE3AE94AD750ADFAA56506F6A65" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick). Pleurocystidia (Fig. 54) common, 22-28 
<normalizedToken id="D72192E886FBD4D3E21B230BF8E7B47A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-7 
<normalizedToken id="2C7C8676E160F97FE3785B9CDFC6E0F6" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, fusiform to narrowly fusiform, usually submammilate, conspicuously clamped; contents homogeneous with 1-2 vaguely vacuolated areas in mid-section. Basidioles clavate to ampulliform; basidia (Fig. 55) (16-)25-31 X (5-)8-10 
<normalizedToken id="748D5482997C8F6C0F76E9D10F0A0B5D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, clavate, often subcapitulate, 4-sterigmate, clamped; contents multi granular to multiguttulate. Basidiospores (Fig. 58B) (6.5-)7.5-10(-11) 
<normalizedToken id="D8F08E9574F89C6300B282B17591E54A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(2.8-)3.5-4.5(-5) 
<normalizedToken id="342C4CC022FBE4B5CA87AEC9C84910C5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(Q = 1.50-2.43; Qm = 1.98; Lm = 8.23 
<normalizedToken id="A4A9DF57E886A44ED007DAF5A066C487" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
), ellipsoid to subamygdaliform, flattened somewhat adaxially, collybioid (hardly tapered proximally), thin-walled, inamyloid; contents often multigranular. Cheilocystidia (Fig. 57) 17-36 
<normalizedToken id="746F27F5CF73F163800237AA4DA2C4B1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.0-8.5 
<normalizedToken id="97030F2AE07F9B4CED2772EA8E7B89E0" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, resembling broom cell-like pileocystidia, sporadic (often absent, apparently produced on selected basidiomata), very variable, ranging from (occasionally) irregularly fusiform to bifurcate to (usually) stalked (stalk 7-17 
<normalizedToken id="C04FBB328642DA4F1F295330917D593D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-5.5 
<normalizedToken id="9480079F993C50779CE0B36CBF7ACD93" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, obscurely clamped, firm-walled), not expanded distally, producing a cluster of gnarled-digitate diverticula; diverticula 2-8 
<normalizedToken id="70E9BE1494CCDB62AF695FEACED4515D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.5(-3) 
<normalizedToken id="4DE50FF0753BB717DE4B544D9FBB09D9" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, rounded at apex, occasionally inflated somewhat and occasionally dichotomous. Stipe medullary hyphae monomitic, 2.0-4.5(-6.0) 
<normalizedToken id="39B9D105BEBA71D62498DA7C6170B31C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, strictly parallel, free (not involved in slime matrix or adherent in sheets), firm- to thick-walled (wall -1.5 
<normalizedToken id="61BAA6AC246110FE7E33902E7EADEA63" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, hyaline), conspicuously clamped. Stipe cortical hyphae cylindric, ranging from hyaline (stipe apex) to pale yellow (stipe base), non-encrusted, inamyloid, thick-wlled (wall -1.5 
<normalizedToken id="EC78F3452D6330E75F0D0A948085ED22" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick). Stipe vesture a poorly developed 
<taxonomicName id="948E46A456F16F4A0DBD24C42A39A22E" genus="Rameales" lsidName="Rameales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="genus">Rameales</taxonomicName>
-structure with numerous, erect caulocystidia; caulocystidia (Fig. 58A) digitate to vermiform, often cudgel-shaped, similar to pileus hairs, mostly hyaline and thin-walled on stipe apex, pale yellowish brown to brownish orange and thick-walled (wall -1.5 
<normalizedToken id="8C7B6C5AE53A6809BA0D49733ED1BBC3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick) near stipe base. Rhizomorph tissue similar to that of stipe; rhizomorph medullary and cortical hyphae undifferentiated, parallel or subparallel, firm- or thick-walled. Rhizomorph vesture absent, in some areas composed of a thin layer of loosely interwoven, irregular-shaped hyphae with scattered, short and broad diverticula.
</paragraph>
<caption id="093D40C36800D1F77C3E13F73542434A" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph id="90E6DCA21C424A42DBC917D66E6BDA86" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Figure 51. 
<taxonomicName id="A7540DD49068475FCE93C0DD9F063FF1" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Mycetinis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Mycetinis opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Mycetinis opacus</taxonomicName>
. Pileal hairs. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken id="F4E1C37B8E3EC67473372BDDDE2479DF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14629 (TENN-F-69344).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3A40755C2D4FEF49AF0A72CD815353E4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph id="7D5E43E6FF1A7A4F61FFAEC3CAD6EE14" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Figure 52. 
<taxonomicName id="3D7CFAAE74480B576B3095DF491226D5" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Mycetinis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Mycetinis opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Mycetinis opacus</taxonomicName>
. Pileipellis elements. 
<normalizedToken id="3224C1AF67A74AED8601908D6A86145E" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
Diverticulate hyphae. 
<normalizedToken id="FE4366F3413F1851AF9376BAD04CEC56" originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
Broom cell-like pileocystidia. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken id="B15116AF8DA604365DE14878041E3FB3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TENN-F-69344.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BC857DEE7DCB0258249F3EE6CFD922A3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph id="E87465A213CE78F19B116BDA438B5EA0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Figure 53. 
<taxonomicName id="F698392F52A8A38CF4B0BA777FF13CD4" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Mycetinis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Mycetinis opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Mycetinis opacus</taxonomicName>
. Pileipellis elements; thick-walled inflated hyphal termini. A Perpendicular view of hymeniform epicutis B Side view of a small cluster of inflated elements 
<normalizedToken id="AF621A37E44D57D6E4B1B79A6B1648A3" originalValue="C–J">C-J</normalizedToken>
Individual thick-walled, inflated hyphal termini. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken id="74E202512405DC3B3982D616D4084CC4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14629 (TENN-F-69344).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="EB1058FF162AD7704762057E5E031DC9" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph id="E352F9F132A2ECB290FCB3DD18CEAADB" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Figure 54. 
<taxonomicName id="A3F1E08D61CE43927A669A58D7D9D153" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Mycetinis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Mycetinis opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Mycetinis opacus</taxonomicName>
. Pleurocystidia. Note submammilate apices. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken id="A252B0B9A73F8AAEB75652ED92F31516" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14629 (TENN-F-69344).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A88326DC7726A5268F6B36E9B3C90C99" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph id="9ED5D9E8C6E0D8743F7068277DBF58E8" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Figure 55. 
<taxonomicName id="32B0A2F63C6A506B25FE4684EAD0A920" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Mycetinis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Mycetinis opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Mycetinis opacus</taxonomicName>
. Basidia. Note multigranular contents. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken id="A85D12B03AE77A6EAB60049F8F8D87AF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14629 (TENN-F-69344).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="AAD76B53126CBECF4EF2789D63304CB6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph id="55EF612C51BA16FCA177FEF9F8138B4F" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Figure 56. 
<taxonomicName id="4A03EBF41F6D12223F5890F75DE1F7FB" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Mycetinis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Mycetinis opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Mycetinis opacus</taxonomicName>
. Ampulliform hymenium structures. A Basidium with ampulliform shape 
<normalizedToken id="F560D589C8E4E4A8AB9C2A1357F65C3D" originalValue="B–H">B-H</normalizedToken>
Sterile ampulliform structures. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken id="C54D9E3EE74357B0F83F0B178894243A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFRB 14629 (TENN-F-69344).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3298908F974AF65A56CDB8D09BDBC769" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph id="8CA0A19B85ED26E0A01F0E7B2D170ED6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Figure 57. 
<taxonomicName id="66BDA1EF799F96D15A688BF92C89D3FB" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Mycetinis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Mycetinis opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Mycetinis opacus</taxonomicName>
. Cheilocystidia. A Cluster of three cheilocystidia B, C Simple cheilocystidia 
<normalizedToken id="F4F18D05BCFD72896917E1501A0C1FFB" originalValue="D–K">D-K</normalizedToken>
Arbuscular broom cell-like individuals. Standard bars = 10 
<normalizedToken id="79A715F1ED68C1A2A7CA32BF66649969" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14629 (TENN-F-69344).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3AA2001B3C29528B1FE3F8CB0FD6E3C5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph id="F064FE26192C2BD9CF277F59D8F1663E" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Figure 58. 
<taxonomicName id="01805FD72A01EC00DC12E20C3774E7E6" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Mycetinis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Mycetinis opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Mycetinis opacus</taxonomicName>
. A 
<taxonomicName id="6D6B670521C3FE9F66AF02D3E6ABFAB5" genus="Caulocystidia" lsidName="Caulocystidia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="genus">Caulocystidia</taxonomicName>
B Basidiospores. Standard bar: A = 20 
<normalizedToken id="5E63778B7B4795E2B7F706BDF646BD98" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; B = 5 
<normalizedToken id="672C587CD47FEEF60E3B9E8567672E0D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14629 (TENN-F-69344).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C693BF009EA13754318BB875375695F" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="comments">
<paragraph id="2D59AF48C63A37DAE3ED4A4022EBF8C2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Commentary.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D23E6B3BBECC905A9F77AF500C0F678E" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Three characters are inconspicuous but diagnostic: 1) pleurocystidia are usually submammilate, unlike the acute forms found in sect. 
<taxonomicName id="6CC7FA262D1E985265C180BDBBBA11EE" genus="Androsacei" infraspecific="Androsacei" lsidName="Androsacei" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="infraspecific">Androsacei</taxonomicName>
and sect. 
<taxonomicName id="554270C39FEF5860E20126CF55C69801" genus="Perforantia" lsidName="Perforantia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="section" section="Perforantia">Perforantia</taxonomicName>
; 2) cheilocystidia are generally of the 
<taxonomicName id="D29692429385DBEC0FE5BC170A12325A" genus="Perforantia" lsidName="Perforantia siccus" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="siccus">siccus</taxonomicName>
-type, but branches are coarse and not setulose; and 3) pileipellis microstructures differ significantly from pileus margin to disc.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="877B8934B5A37218DB30377F11B0D831" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Basidiomata are usually accompanied by numerous rhizomorphs, often as tall as stipes (or taller), unlike other members of the clade in which rhizomorphs, if present, are short and extremely thin (but pallid, unlike the black or dark brown of the rhizomorphs of sects. 
<taxonomicName id="99327D34188AE9ECF7063834DA8C4A57" genus="Androsacei" lsidName="Androsacei" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="genus">Androsacei</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="539E33769E59AD1D8D586E4472FC2EEC" genus="Perforantia" lsidName="Perforantia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="section" section="Perforantia">Perforantia</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED2627DF0181975287DDB264CC6E9AA9" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Although the term used to describe pileipellis elements is the same as that used in 
<taxonomicName id="56FB90B9E18CE0334F065677C29D4DC2" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmiellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="sect." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmiellus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Rameales">Marasmiellus sect. Rameales</taxonomicName>
(&quot; 
<taxonomicName id="91C7C64880490EC48F0A4847E4486568" genus="Perforantia" lsidName="Perforantia ramealis" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="ramealis">ramealis</taxonomicName>
-structure&quot;), the two structures are significantly different. In its original use, the term represents a structure in which setulae are usually 2-5(-8) 
<normalizedToken id="A2FCD7B0846FECD45837A23809DE8273" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.7-1.2 
<normalizedToken id="9031F121976A5CFF579E916BE99F7E02" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(i.e. 
<taxonomicName id="07919C483C5AC43922D537CBC48C9B34" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmiellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmiellus appalachianensis" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="appalachianensis">Marasmiellus appalachianensis</taxonomicName>
TFB 14610, MS; 
<taxonomicName id="C03D471B2FF35A8AB5D3B9D22BE3F54F" lsidName="Ma. ramealis" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="ramealis">Ma. ramealis</taxonomicName>
TFB 4727 Sweden), while the side branches and arbuscular apical branches in 
<taxonomicName id="C023BCBE4C40430379D5B262674DCF22" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Mycetinis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Mycetinis" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Mycetinis</taxonomicName>
are appreciably coarser, 2-10 
<normalizedToken id="622B3C5B259E6F7427E9E92CABB280C8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3 
<normalizedToken id="5F5EBFA104106C0B37883F7E1787D02D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. In fact, 
<bibRefCitation id="7E87C5D7B0BA260F6137B67C7305F84C" author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="237 - 261" title="A synopsis of Marasmiellus in the southern Appalachian Mountains." volume="45" year="1997">Desjardin (1997</bibRefCitation>
: figs 6-11) included 
<taxonomicName id="DFEA91961E5935C36BA8B33ACE299CDA" lsidName="Ma. appalachianus" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="appalachianus">Ma. appalachianus</taxonomicName>
Desjardin together with 
<taxonomicName id="E3BFA438A608EA04E52B7E9EBF151846" lsidName="Ma. opacus" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="opacus">Ma. opacus</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="D61599AAB3FD7A88E31DCB95C493A7A1" author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycological Research" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="111 - 122" title="Observations on two rhizomorph-forming species of Marasmiellus." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81147-7" volume="97" year="1993">Desjardin et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
: figs 10-16) in subsect. 
<taxonomicName id="08670639B99A52F422A77F027428529C" lsidName="" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="subsection" subsection="Opacini" tribe="Opacini">Opacini</taxonomicName>
, although pileipellis structures are quite different.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="841DDB0341FA7DA16133D414702AC88E" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
In the most detailed discussion of 
<taxonomicName id="358B2D5B0B53BD5EF61D1EABC22C91D7" lsidName="Ma. opacus" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="opacus">Ma. opacus</taxonomicName>
thus far (
<bibRefCitation id="213F18C74AA4377D347F72E7335B89A6" author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycological Research" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="111 - 122" title="Observations on two rhizomorph-forming species of Marasmiellus." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81147-7" volume="97" year="1993">Desjardin et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
) the following was reported: &quot; Features diagnostic for 
<taxonomicName id="01C055DE70F6040382A38BD1092D6819" lsidName="M. opacus" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="opacus">M. opacus</taxonomicName>
include: (a) convex, rugulose-striate pileus colored pale greyish brown on the disc and white on the margin; (b) subdistant, narrow, white to buff-coloured lamellae; (c) pubescent, insititious stipe with pallid apex and brownish grey base; (d) buff or pale greyish brown rhizomorphs; (e) basidiospore mean of 8.3 
<normalizedToken id="D51F2F0020C4B65767E0171DE461EF2B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.7 
<normalizedToken id="739349745C9CC174B33F6A304919E475" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; (f) diverticulate cheilocystidia; (g) pileus disc with clavate to sphaeropedunculate, often thick-walled terminal cells, and pileus margin a 
<taxonomicName id="BB25823C9CB06BF4F47244A5DBD49641" genus="Rameales" infraspecific="Rameales" lsidName="Rameales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="infraspecific">Rameales</taxonomicName>
-structure; (h) caulocystidia similar to pileipellis elements; (i) clamped, inamyloid hyphae; and (j) fructification on leaves and wood of 
<taxonomicName id="61A430156F001FAAA70EAEF9A2CF6778" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhododendron" order="Ericales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhododendron</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="F17C7395D75203F1BB67B62DAC79E7D1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5EDD9CE9FC5A7D5B4BC38E486D9450A5" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga" order="Pinales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tsuga</taxonomicName>
.&quot; This diagnosis, however, was compiled to distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="D33281AF92E397906102BE5407DF44C1" lsidName="Ma. opacus" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="opacus">Ma. opacus</taxonomicName>
from other 
<taxonomicName id="8677FBA6B82C9C47EDBB640877B1DA97" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmiellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmiellus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Marasmiellus</taxonomicName>
taxa, but not from other taxa of 
<taxonomicName id="6C055D41168FB3D09A7F16C0541F924F" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Mycetinis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Mycetinis" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Mycetinis</taxonomicName>
, which, after all, was not recognized as a discrete generic unit at that time.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="734351A90F4F5CD5169972D110CFF174" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="4A4A887F2D7B7B9B52B27515991F68C5" author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycological Research" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="111 - 122" title="Observations on two rhizomorph-forming species of Marasmiellus." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81147-7" volume="97" year="1993">Desjardin et al. (1993)</bibRefCitation>
included discussion of cultural and sexual compatibility studies and cited numerous examined specimens. Little need be added. Later, 
<bibRefCitation id="92B38BB83944A19EC90DC03620FE9C2B" author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="237 - 261" title="A synopsis of Marasmiellus in the southern Appalachian Mountains." volume="45" year="1997">Desjardin (1997)</bibRefCitation>
summarized 
<taxonomicName id="B6F7AD76F312343C33AEDE094A717F06" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmiellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmiellus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Marasmiellus</taxonomicName>
taxa from the southern Appalachian Mountains, placing 
<taxonomicName id="78155E900D35446FD6C3235F2CC7E1C8" lsidName="Ma. opacus" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="opacus">Ma. opacus</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="234ECBF3B2FBC365207EDBB0EFACD2BB" genus="Rameales" infraspecific-rank="section" lsidName="Rameales section" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="section" section="Rameales">section Rameales</taxonomicName>
subsection 
<taxonomicName id="FD061F6A8CE7C11EA7B15F70EDC6A481" lsidName="" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="subsection" subsection="Opacini" tribe="Opacini">Opacini</taxonomicName>
Singer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84C724907F0476CB1E17F5BD4564680D" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Presumably, 
<normalizedToken id="B2C679BA358293D056321512D42E0EE5" originalValue="Singer’s">Singer's</normalizedToken>
[&quot;1949&quot; (1951)] placement of 
<taxonomicName id="28C89A93DA7A374A871F279D322D9FE4" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmiellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmiellus opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Marasmiellus opacus</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4266CEA37F71C89ECBD535FB94FC21CF" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmiellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="sect." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmiellus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Rameales">Marasmiellus sect. Rameales</taxonomicName>
presumed its conformity to the description of the section, which was attributed to 
<bibRefCitation id="4431E764C072452196D7905D8D6A3C05" author="Lange, JE" journalOrPublisher="Dansk Botanisk Arkiv" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 40" title="Studies in the agarics of Denmark. Part II. Pholiota, Marasmius, Rhodophyllus." volume="2" year="1921">Lange (1921)</bibRefCitation>
as &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="9BDA1D523B0F7F6E72C1B742CC428581" genus="Rameales" infraspecific-rank="sect." lsidName="Rameales sect" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="section" section="Ramealis">sect. Ramealis</taxonomicName>
gen. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B2A146C936EF29A15CC5D77B275DB" genus="Marasmii" lsidName="Marasmii" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="genus">Marasmii</taxonomicName>
&quot;, the type species of which was 
<taxonomicName id="16E55EEF95D7E9F38C91B1C22458E546" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmiellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmiellus ramealis" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ramealis">Marasmiellus ramealis</taxonomicName>
(Bull. ex Fr.) Singer [≡ 
<taxonomicName id="8321B682A91B8B58FA4C7A186F918EDF" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Agaricus ramealis" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ramealis">Agaricus ramealis</taxonomicName>
Bull.: Fr] a combination transferred concurrently. 
<bibRefCitation id="D67B552179A3D86E8B0E484FBFD04D75" author="Singer, R" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia Beih Beihefte" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 517" title="The genera Marasmiellus, Crepidotus and Simocybe in the neotropics." volume="44" year="1973">Singer (1973)</bibRefCitation>
proposed 
<taxonomicName id="6978AF4781EF64031C0AEA2EED7CBFB3" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmiellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="sect." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmiellus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Rameales">Marasmiellus sect. Rameales</taxonomicName>
subsect. 
<taxonomicName id="BCDAACA3CAA778AF8A13DC41735BD106" lsidName="" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="subsection" subsection="Opacini" tribe="Opacini">Opacini</taxonomicName>
to accommodate several neotropical taxa but a description of 
<taxonomicName id="5ADA1DF963FA7E93FC989068E0114496" lsidName="M. opacus" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="opacus">M. opacus</taxonomicName>
was furnished as extra-limital. 
<bibRefCitation id="8C04CC51989D013EE9FC59E80A5CE003" author="Singer, R" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia Beih Beihefte" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 517" title="The genera Marasmiellus, Crepidotus and Simocybe in the neotropics." volume="44" year="1973">Singer (1973)</bibRefCitation>
summarized 
<taxonomicName id="A4092C24C545432482B3980C6FBDCFDE" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmiellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmiellus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Marasmiellus</taxonomicName>
in neotropical regions and included section 
<taxonomicName id="D86655F9651C2D1EC00D0E1F56C4A588" genus="Rameales" infraspecific="Rameales" lsidName="Rameales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="infraspecific">Rameales</taxonomicName>
Singer, which he had proposed in 1951 (Lilloa 22: 299. &quot;1949&quot;). Within 
<taxonomicName id="A79772BBCAF3BD174F926A6F7F10C50F" genus="Rameales" infraspecific-rank="sect." lsidName="Rameales sect" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="section" section="Rameales">sect. Rameales</taxonomicName>
, he (
<bibRefCitation id="9D2A8179ED33610107934D57435641A3" author="Singer, R" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia Beih Beihefte" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 517" title="The genera Marasmiellus, Crepidotus and Simocybe in the neotropics." volume="44" year="1973">Singer 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 102) proposed subsection 
<taxonomicName id="C9ED6605B15DB5AAB28D01F064319C3B" lsidName="" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="subsection" subsection="Opacini" tribe="Opacini">Opacini</taxonomicName>
, typified by 
<taxonomicName id="9E49E08C654A9E54F3D5CC5BC8D7F275" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Marasmius opacus</taxonomicName>
Berk. &amp; M.A. Curtis, even though he did not explain his choice of type, nor did he take up the species. 
<bibRefCitation id="00AEC373D4FD950DBB88C4B7F7CA3629" author="Singer, R" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia Beih Beihefte" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 517" title="The genera Marasmiellus, Crepidotus and Simocybe in the neotropics." volume="44" year="1973">
<normalizedToken id="5DC38A1501F3D9B608B9DEBB19221714" originalValue="Singer’s">Singer's</normalizedToken>
(1973)
</bibRefCitation>
later description of 
<taxonomicName id="D3DD54E634445B990682ADA32622D01F" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmiellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmiellus opacus" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="opacus">Marasmiellus opacus</taxonomicName>
supplied needed taxonomic information, and among the specimens he examined were some from the southeastern United States (but with no illustrations). From all this, there is no evidence that he intimately knew 
<taxonomicName id="4A0820A46B3D225728C55137B1BD6749" lsidName="M. opacus" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="opacus">M. opacus</taxonomicName>
, only that he did not consider its presence in the neotropics. At the same time, subsection 
<taxonomicName id="A04550EAAC3D5079F8615E5F9FB9CBF9" lsidName="" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="subsection" subsection="Opacini" tribe="Opacini">Opacini</taxonomicName>
included eight species, so subsect. 
<taxonomicName id="1EEB77CEAAE502D92809612BD0D695A3" lsidName="" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="subsection" subsection="Opacini" tribe="Opacini">Opacini</taxonomicName>
was not monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7D9895A532825E42096E8FBFCDB9BDB1" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="08861590BFDBB8B16055D7D240211B07" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="98DD38583EFE8DE283704DDF348FFC76" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Japan, Tottori Pref., 
<geoCoordinate id="C471A439E2C70A4FBC1273F2116B9C22" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="35.509724">N35°30'35&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E6B5F5CD2DFB57D588202FE4770ABFAB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="134.23584">E134°14'09&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, Kokufu Town, 4.X.1989, coll. RHP (annot. DE Desjardin), TFB 2400 (TENN-F-48740). United States, Georgia, Rabun Co., vic. Clayton, Warwoman Dell Picnic Area, 
<geoCoordinate id="DC406A1EDC8396BF3EF89D24036A7255" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.91462">N34°54'52.62&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="413628FDD6207487133442F76512A943" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.35394">W83°21'14.21&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 18.VII.1989, coll. S.A. Gordon, TFB 2788 (TENN-F- 48710); Mississippi, Harrison Co., vic. Saucier, Tuxachanie Hiking Trailhead, 
<geoCoordinate id="06100ED29A2A0695490E235E876E6196" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.662113">N30°39'43.61&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="71334F03E7AAC193CC11CCDDBE105B3F" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-89.13741">W89°08'14.70&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 10.VII.2014, coll. RHP, TFB 14490 (TENN-F-69190); North Carolina, Buncombe Co., Asheville, Blue Ridge Parkway, 
<geoCoordinate id="F8EFBF63E01725FEC5A6B1CC9B276D9A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="35.566666">N35°34'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D6DE159F95BBFB0035872E2582146EC3" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.48333">W82°29'</geoCoordinate>
, milepost 363, 4.VIII.1959, Coll. L.R. Hesler, TENN-F-23348); Macon Co., vic. Highlands, road to Cliffside Lake, end of road, 
<geoCoordinate id="75AC9FAF36B4308DCD14E4DC471DE6B9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.08056">N35°04'50.01&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="1A3B405545A3C1C28E945DB76D4B073E" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.234184">W83°14'03.07&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 8.VII.2016, coll AS Methven, TFB 14629 (TENN69344); Highlands Biological Station, 
<geoCoordinate id="6936B89190F8308CF14E0CAED36DA17F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.078884">N35°04'43.99&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A9FE8724D9E3738F8B8D2BCAE137127C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.236855">W83°14'12.69&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 19.VI.1963, coll. L.R. Hesler (TENN-F-25556); Tennessee, Blount Co., GSMNP, Cades Cove, 
<geoCoordinate id="E800E7155BEC6F52838A108B858E5F3D" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="35.56278">N35°33'46&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="536FB636A62D53B04836E5D396F4F9BB" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-83.833336">W83°50'</geoCoordinate>
50, 22.V.2005, coll. J.L. Mata, JLM 1601 (TENN-F-61960); vic. Townsend, 
<pageBreakToken id="444AA075FF16CFABF6AD4FCAC3BBCC42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">GSMNP</pageBreakToken>
, Turkey Pen Trailhead, 
<geoCoordinate id="82604CAE772D768F52E8F3536716E79E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.61162">N35°36'41.84&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="734C8E8F8C6884D3F2EFDB7A9A7F43B7" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.74674">W83°44'48,29&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, coll. RHP, TFB 13650 (TENN-F-63084); Sevier Co., GSMNP, Indian Gap, 
<geoCoordinate id="71F5C063966D22A2640D78EF95755339" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.610023">N35°36'36.09&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="3FAEE7C6C2B253DDB0CD44880EF0A7C3" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.43868">W83°26'19.24&quot;</geoCoordinate>
, 2.VIII.1936, coll. L.R. Hesler (TENN-F-10199).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>