treatments-xml/data/70/AF/27/70AF27FEDB08517B9C19F7C17C3D781D.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295" ID-GBIF-Dataset="613a7290-9577-4136-b235-43776c08b6d0" ID-PMC="PMC8324580" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1049-163" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D112D92B74AB54B88EDDA2F60A9C2857" ID-PubMed="34393547" ID-ZooBank="1D3720A7708F4D52AD9854125D34CE64" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1049-163" checkinTime="1627091689324" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wu, Chao &amp; Liu, Chun-Xiang" docDate="2021" docId="70AF27FEDB08517B9C19F7C17C3D781D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1049: 163-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1049" docPubDate="2021-07-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295" docTitle="Theopropus xishiae Wu &amp; Liu 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="15E6FA92-601D-402F-A605-0B822A1CE170" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="D112D92B74AB54B88EDDA2F60A9C2857" lastPageNumber="163" masterDocId="D112D92B74AB54B88EDDA2F60A9C2857" masterDocTitle="Notes on the genus Theopropus Saussure (Mantodea, Hymenopodidae) from China, with description of a new species from the Himalayas" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="163" pageNumber="163" updateTime="1668150598620" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Notes on the genus Theopropus Saussure (Mantodea, Hymenopodidae) from China, with description of a new species from the Himalayas</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wu, Chao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">tjolo1985@aliyun.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liu, Chun-Xiang</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-196X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">liucx@ioz.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-07-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1049</mods:number>
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<mods:start>163</mods:start>
<mods:end>182</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1049-163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1D3720A7708F4D52AD9854125D34CE64</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183732527" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15E6FA92-601D-402F-A605-0B822A1CE170" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/70AF27FEDB08517B9C19F7C17C3D781D" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/15E6FA92-601D-402F-A605-0B822A1CE170" authority="Wu &amp; Liu" authorityName="Wu &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Theopropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theopropus xishiae" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xishiae" status="sp. nov.">Theopropus xishiae Wu &amp; Liu</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="163">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male Theopropus spp. body in dorsal view A T. sinecus sinecus from Guangxi B T. xishiae sp. nov. paratype C T. sp. from Yunnan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569708" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female Theopropus spp. body in dorsal view A T. sinecus sinecus from Guangxi B T. xishiae sp. nov. paratype C T. sp. from Yunnan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569709" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">; 3B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Head of Theopropus spp., anterior view A, D T. sinecus sinecus B, E T. xishiae sp. nov. C, F T. sp. A-C male D-F female. Abbreviations: nve = non-visual elongation." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569711" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">; 5B, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Pronotum of male Theopropus spp. in dorsal view A T. sinecus sinecus from Guangxi B T. xishiae sp. nov. holotype C T. sp. from Yunnan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569712" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">; 6B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Pronotum of female Theopropus spp. in dorsal view A T. sinecus sinecus from Guangxi B T. xishiae sp. nov. paratype C T. sp. from Yunnan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569713" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">; 7B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Prothoracic legs of Theopropus spp. A, D T. sinecus sinecus B, E T. xishiae sp. nov. C, F T. sp. A-C male D-F female. Abbreviations: avfs = anteroventral femoral spines; avts = anteroventral tibial spines; ds = discoidal spines; fb = femoral brush; gs = genicular spur; pvfs = posteroventral femoral spines; pvts = posteroventral tibial spines; ts = tibial spur." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569714" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">; 8B, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Abdomen and posteroventral metafemoral lobe of female Theopropus spp. A, D T. xishiae sp. nov. B, E T. sinecus sinecus C, F T. sp. A-C abdomen D-F posteroventral metafemoral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569715" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">; 9A, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male genitalia of Theopropus spp., Disarticulated genital complex, ventral view A T. sinecus sinecus from Guangxi, Jinxiu B T. xishiae sp. nov. holotype C T. sp. from Yunnan, Mengla D T. xishiae sp. nov. paratype E T. sinecus sinecus from Yunnan, Honghe F T. sinecus qiongae ssp. nov. holotype. Abbreviations: afa = phalloid apophysis; bl = basal lobe of ventral phallomere; fda = main posterior lobe of right phallomere; loa = membra- nous lobe; paa = posterior process of left phallomere; pda = primary distal process; pia = process posterolateral to pva of right phallomere; pva = process anteromesal to pia of right phallomere; sdp = secondary distal process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569716" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">; 10B, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Distribution map of the distribution Theopropus spp. in South China. ▲: T. sinecus sinecus; ●: T. sinecus qiongae ssp. nov.; * T. xishiae sp. nov.; ★: T. sp .." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569718" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">; 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Theopropus spp. adult in its natural habitat A, B T. sinecus sinecus C T. sinecus qiongae ssp. nov. D T. xishiae sp. nov. E, F T. sp. A, C, E female B pair D, E male." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569719" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">; 13D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Theopropus spp. nymph in its natural habitat and environment A T. sinecus qiongae ssp. nov. female nymph in Hainan Is B T. xishiae sp. nov. male nymph in Medog C T. sinecus sinecus of Guangxi, Longsheng, Huaping D T. xishiae sp. nov. of Tibet, Medog, Beibeng E T. sinecus qiongae ssp. nov. of Hainan Is. Jianfengling Mt. F T. sp. of Yunnan, Mengla, Mohan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569720" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">; 14B, D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="China" location="China" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="6" typeStatus="Holotype">
<specimenCount type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
juv.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-07-12" collectorName="Chao Wu" country="China" elevation="960" latitude="29.249483" location="Beibeng" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.17543" municipality="Medog" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tibet" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Xizang">Tibet</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Medog</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:70AF27FEDB08517B9C19F7C17C3D781D:63C4EA5ED2304359CDF4070079AE5875" country="China" latitude="29.249483" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.17543" municipality="Medog" name="Beibeng" stateProvince="Tibet">Beibeng</location>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="58.14" value="29.249483">29°14'58.14&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="95" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="31.55" value="95.17543">95°10'31.55&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" unit="m" value="960.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" unit="m" value="960.0">960 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectingDate value="2013-07-12">12-VII-2013</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Chao Wu</collectorName>
leg.; IZCAS.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-07-12" collectorName="Chao Wu" country="China" elevation="960" latitude="29.249483" location="Beibeng" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.17543" municipality="Medog" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tibet" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Xizang">Tibet</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Medog</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:70AF27FEDB08517B9C19F7C17C3D781D:871A44C12FA5E5E29CFDC991AE607279" country="China" latitude="29.249483" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.17543" municipality="Medog" name="Beibeng" stateProvince="Tibet">Beibeng</location>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="58.14" value="29.249483">29°14'58.14&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="95" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="31.55" value="95.17543">95°10'31.55&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" unit="m" value="960.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" unit="m" value="960.0">960 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectingDate value="2013-07-12">12-VII-2013</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Chao Wu</collectorName>
leg.; IZCAS
</materialsCitation>
. •
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-07-15" collectorName="Chao Wu" country="China" elevation="770" latitude="29.326801" location="Dexing" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.28329" municipality="Medog" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Tibet" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Xizang">Tibet</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Medog</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:70AF27FEDB08517B9C19F7C17C3D781D:0E4EFF55F855F4149DC948CE0AE959CB" country="China" latitude="29.326801" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.28329" municipality="Medog" name="Dexing" stateProvince="Tibet">Dexing</location>
cun;
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="36.48" value="29.326801">29°19'36.48&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="95" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.82" value="95.28329">95°16'59.82&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" unit="m" value="770.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" unit="m" value="770.0">770 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectingDate value="2013-07-15">15-VII-2013</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Chao Wu</collectorName>
leg.; IZCAS
</materialsCitation>
. •
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-07-20" collectorName="Chao Wu" country="China" elevation="1200" latitude="29.217472" location="Jiangxin" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.13489" municipality="Medog" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Tibet" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Xizang">Tibet</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Medog</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:70AF27FEDB08517B9C19F7C17C3D781D:B47DBFA648255982F1B2A51AF7428473" country="China" latitude="29.217472" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.13489" municipality="Medog" name="Jiangxin" stateProvince="Tibet">Jiangxin</location>
cun;
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="02.90" value="29.217472">29°13'02.90&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="95" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="05.61" value="95.13489">95°08'05.61&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectingDate value="2014-07-20">20-VII-2014</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Chao Wu</collectorName>
leg.; CWC
</materialsCitation>
. •
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-07-24" collectorName="Chao Wu" country="China" elevation="1320" latitude="29.239311" location="Beibeng" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.20006" municipality="Medog" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tibet" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Xizang">Tibet</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Medog</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:70AF27FEDB08517B9C19F7C17C3D781D:A4A0A341FB63964CA58893C7BFEC9BC2" country="China" latitude="29.239311" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.20006" municipality="Medog" name="Beibeng" stateProvince="Tibet">Beibeng</location>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="21.52" value="29.239311">29°14'21.52&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="95" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="00.21" value="95.20006">95°12'00.21&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" unit="m" value="1320.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" unit="m" value="1320.0">1320 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectingDate value="2019-07-24">24-VII-2019</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Chao Wu</collectorName>
leg.; CJZ
</materialsCitation>
. •
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-07" collectorName="Wen-Xuan Bi" country="China" elevation="1000" location="Beibeng" municipality="Medog" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tibet" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
juv.;
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Xizang">Tibet</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Medog</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:70AF27FEDB08517B9C19F7C17C3D781D:EFC5C0A12325A7250E608526990C927F" country="China" municipality="Medog" name="Beibeng" stateProvince="Tibet">Beibeng</location>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectingDate value="2010-07">VII-2010</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Wen-Xuan Bi</collectorName>
leg.; IZCAS
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Male.</emphasis>
Large-sized species for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Theopropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theopropus" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Theopropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Body size much larger than in other congeners.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Head</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Compound eyes oval, anteriorly protruding, with rounded top. Vertical process conical, extending about as high as the imaginary line between the apexes of the eyes; lower frons narrow, with arched dorsal margin and raised lateral margins (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Head of Theopropus spp., anterior view A, D T. sinecus sinecus B, E T. xishiae sp. nov. C, F T. sp. A-C male D-F female. Abbreviations: nve = non-visual elongation." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569711" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">5B</figureCitation>
). Antennae filiform, shorter than body length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Pronotum</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Pronotum of male Theopropus spp. in dorsal view A T. sinecus sinecus from Guangxi B T. xishiae sp. nov. holotype C T. sp. from Yunnan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569712" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">6B</figureCitation>
): Wide. Lateral pronotal expansion very wide; lateral margins bearing small, sparsely arranged spines. Black band on each lateral margin of metazone disconnected in middle. Ratio of pronotum length to supracoxal dilatation width about 1.39-14.2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Prothoracic legs</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Prothoracic legs of Theopropus spp. A, D T. sinecus sinecus B, E T. xishiae sp. nov. C, F T. sp. A-C male D-F female. Abbreviations: avfs = anteroventral femoral spines; avts = anteroventral tibial spines; ds = discoidal spines; fb = femoral brush; gs = genicular spur; pvfs = posteroventral femoral spines; pvts = posteroventral tibial spines; ts = tibial spur." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569714" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">8B</figureCitation>
): Coxa bearing 6-7 small dorsal spines, femora with 15 anteroventral spines, tibia with 15 anteroventral and 18 posteroventral spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Meso- and metathoracic legs</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Long, robust; a subapical posteroventral lobe on mid and hind femora, narrow, long. Base half of tibia swollen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Forewings</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Long, narrow, opaque. Discoidal area possessing a large subbasal white spot with blurry black edges; the two black lateral borders of the wide white band in middle of the discoidal area arched, the anterior margin of the frontal one directing proximad, of the caudal one directing distad (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Theopropus spp. adult in its natural habitat A, B T. sinecus sinecus C T. sinecus qiongae ssp. nov. D T. xishiae sp. nov. E, F T. sp. A, C, E female B pair D, E male." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569719" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">13D</figureCitation>
). Anal area long, narrow, hyaline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Hindwings</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male Theopropus spp. body in dorsal view A T. sinecus sinecus from Guangxi B T. xishiae sp. nov. paratype C T. sp. from Yunnan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569708" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">2B</figureCitation>
): Hyaline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Abdomen</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Long, narrow, with very small lobes. Subgenital plate short, wide, more or less asymmetrical, with styli.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">External genitalia</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male genitalia of Theopropus spp., Disarticulated genital complex, ventral view A T. sinecus sinecus from Guangxi, Jinxiu B T. xishiae sp. nov. holotype C T. sp. from Yunnan, Mengla D T. xishiae sp. nov. paratype E T. sinecus sinecus from Yunnan, Honghe F T. sinecus qiongae ssp. nov. holotype. Abbreviations: afa = phalloid apophysis; bl = basal lobe of ventral phallomere; fda = main posterior lobe of right phallomere; loa = membra- nous lobe; paa = posterior process of left phallomere; pda = primary distal process; pia = process posterolateral to pva of right phallomere; pva = process anteromesal to pia of right phallomere; sdp = secondary distal process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569716" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">10B, D</figureCitation>
): Simplified. Similar to those of congeners. Left phallomere wide with inconspicuous secondary distal process (spd); phalloid apophysis (afa) short; posterior process of left phallomere (paa) digitiform.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Female.</emphasis>
Large-sized, robust. Body size largest among known
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Theopropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theopropus" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Theopropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Head</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Head of Theopropus spp., anterior view A, D T. sinecus sinecus B, E T. xishiae sp. nov. C, F T. sp. A-C male D-F female. Abbreviations: nve = non-visual elongation." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569711" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">5E</figureCitation>
): Similar to male, but vertex extending beyond apex of eyes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Pronotum</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Pronotum of female Theopropus spp. in dorsal view A T. sinecus sinecus from Guangxi B T. xishiae sp. nov. paratype C T. sp. from Yunnan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569713" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">7B</figureCitation>
): Wide. Lateral pronotal expansion very wide. Lateral margins bearing small, sparsely arranged spines. Black band on each lateral margin of metazone disconnected in middle. Ratio of pronotum length to supracoxal dilatation width about 1.08.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Prothoracic legs</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Prothoracic legs of Theopropus spp. A, D T. sinecus sinecus B, E T. xishiae sp. nov. C, F T. sp. A-C male D-F female. Abbreviations: avfs = anteroventral femoral spines; avts = anteroventral tibial spines; ds = discoidal spines; fb = femoral brush; gs = genicular spur; pvfs = posteroventral femoral spines; pvts = posteroventral tibial spines; ts = tibial spur." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569714" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">8E</figureCitation>
): Coxa bearing 7-8 small dorsal spines; femora with 16 anteroventral spines; tibia with 16 anteroventral and 19 posteroventral spines. Two black horizontal bands present on ventral side of tibia, but absent in femora. No black spots observed near tibial spur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Meso- and metathoracic legs</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Long, robust. The subbasal posteroventral lobe on femur wide, disc-shaped (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Abdomen and posteroventral metafemoral lobe of female Theopropus spp. A, D T. xishiae sp. nov. B, E T. sinecus sinecus C, F T. sp. A-C abdomen D-F posteroventral metafemoral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569715" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">9D</figureCitation>
); base half of tibia swollen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Forewings</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female Theopropus spp. body in dorsal view A T. sinecus sinecus from Guangxi B T. xishiae sp. nov. paratype C T. sp. from Yunnan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569709" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">3B</figureCitation>
): Wide, fusiform, opaque. The large white subbasal spot of the discoidal area with black edges; frontal one of the two black lateral margins of the wide white band in the middle of discoidal area arc-shaped, pointing proximad, and hind one approximately straight. Anal area long, narrow, hyaline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Hindwings</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female Theopropus spp. body in dorsal view A T. sinecus sinecus from Guangxi B T. xishiae sp. nov. paratype C T. sp. from Yunnan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569709" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">3B</figureCitation>
): Wide, opaque, except for margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Abdomen</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Abdomen and posteroventral metafemoral lobe of female Theopropus spp. A, D T. xishiae sp. nov. B, E T. sinecus sinecus C, F T. sp. A-C abdomen D-F posteroventral metafemoral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569715" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">9A</figureCitation>
): Broad, nearly round. Lateral margins of 4th-7th abdominal tergite with significantly expanded lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="coloration">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Coloration.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
Yellowish green, with white spots and bands. Antennae black. Band on each lateral margin of metazone black. Two horizontal ventral bands on prothoracic femora and tibia black in males (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Prothoracic legs of Theopropus spp. A, D T. sinecus sinecus B, E T. xishiae sp. nov. C, F T. sp. A-C male D-F female. Abbreviations: avfs = anteroventral femoral spines; avts = anteroventral tibial spines; ds = discoidal spines; fb = femoral brush; gs = genicular spur; pvfs = posteroventral femoral spines; pvts = posteroventral tibial spines; ts = tibial spur." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569714" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">8B</figureCitation>
), which is absent on femora in females (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Prothoracic legs of Theopropus spp. A, D T. sinecus sinecus B, E T. xishiae sp. nov. C, F T. sp. A-C male D-F female. Abbreviations: avfs = anteroventral femoral spines; avts = anteroventral tibial spines; ds = discoidal spines; fb = femoral brush; gs = genicular spur; pvfs = posteroventral femoral spines; pvts = posteroventral tibial spines; ts = tibial spur." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569714" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">8E</figureCitation>
). Forewings yellowish green, costal area white; the large spot in base of discoidal area white, with black hind edge; the wide band in middle of discoidal area white, with black lateral margins; anal area orange in males and white in females. Hindwings hyaline, with red-brownish veins in males, ivory in females. Abdomen yellowish white; lateral margins of 3th-5th abdomen tergite with green plaques, and 6th-7th mostly white in females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Measurements</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">(length in mm, holotype in parentheses).</emphasis>
Body (head to wings): male 33.0-33.7 (33.7), female 52.45; body (vertex to abdomen end): male 27.2-28.1, female 49.1; pronotum: male 6.3-6.4 (6.4), female 13.4; fore coxae: male 6.6-6.7 (6.7), female 13.6; fore femora: male 7.4-7.5 (7.5), female15.5; fore tibiae: male 5.3-5.4 (5.4), female 11.4; middle femora: male 6.8-6.9 (6.9), female 11.1; hind femora: male 8.0-8.1 (8.1), female 13.6; forewing: male 25.0-25.2 (25.2), female 35.1; hindwing: male 22.0-22.2 (22.2), female 29.8.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
The new species most resembles
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Theopropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theopropus sinecus" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinecus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Theopropus sinecus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is distinguished by the larger body size, wider pronotum, and fewer femoral and tibial spines than those of its congener. Concerning the males, the two black lateral borders of the wide white band in the middle of discoidal area are pointing in opposite directions in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Valerianaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. xishiae" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" rank="species" species="xishiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">T. xishiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Theopropus spp. adult in its natural habitat A, B T. sinecus sinecus C T. sinecus qiongae ssp. nov. D T. xishiae sp. nov. E, F T. sp. A, C, E female B pair D, E male." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569719" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">13D</figureCitation>
), however, are parallel in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Valerianaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. sinecus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" rank="species" species="sinecus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">T. sinecus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Theopropus spp. adult in its natural habitat A, B T. sinecus sinecus C T. sinecus qiongae ssp. nov. D T. xishiae sp. nov. E, F T. sp. A, C, E female B pair D, E male." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569719" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">13B</figureCitation>
). The structure of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="females">female's</normalizedToken>
abdomen is also different from that of its congeners (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Abdomen and posteroventral metafemoral lobe of female Theopropus spp. A, D T. xishiae sp. nov. B, E T. sinecus sinecus C, F T. sp. A-C abdomen D-F posteroventral metafemoral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1049.65295.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569715" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">9A</figureCitation>
): lateral margins of 4th-7th abdominal tergites each bear a distinctly expanded lobe; abdomen yellowish white, lateral margins of 3th-5th abdomen tergite with green plaques; 6th-7th completely white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
This beautiful species is distributed in the southern Himalayas, which is the northernmost and westernmost record for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Theopropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theopropus" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Theopropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">China: Tibet, Medog. Expected to also occur in N India.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="163">The new species was named after Xi Shi who was born in The Spring-Autumn Period, the top of the four beautiful women in ancient China, the beauty representative in Chinese culture.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>