treatments-xml/data/70/77/87/707787C6596D625DFF0A242532569A19.xml

<document id="A1F073DD2C3C5F0CD825B4291C247F0C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2fe0964-7b45-43ef-9163-174c5630077c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="247626" ID-ZooBank="20D125E7-8CC0-4942-8AF9-75EA31EBBD53" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460692284396" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cupello, Mario &amp; Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z." docDate="2013" docId="707787C6596D625DFF0A242532569A19" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03722p482.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3722 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gromphas amazonica Bates 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="464" masterDocId="8C4EFFBE597A6244FF9D2705375A9E2D" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina)" masterLastPageNumber="482" masterPageNumber="439" pageNumber="462" updateTime="1698351887993" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="ED5F60BDB691C4EE8344A214D43406B8">Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9C02B4EB890A153FA8E9F41F49B980F8">Cupello, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="40EC9C463AAC0BB0FE5F5CCBBC5E6B2F">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="707787C6596D625DFF0A242532569A19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5668595" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119580667" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5668595" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:707787C6596D625DFF0A242532569A19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/707787C6596D625DFF0A242532569A19" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B596D6253FF0A242536BA9B4C" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F86136D0596D6253FF0A242535089D17" blockId="23.[151,745,799,859]" box="[151,594,799,826]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
<heading id="A32981BC596D6253FF0A242535089D17" bold="true" box="[151,594,799,826]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" reason="1">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FF0A242535089D17" bold="true" box="[151,594,799,826]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
4. 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53596D6253FF29241A35089D17" ID-CoL="6KSGY" authority="Bates, 1870" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1870" box="[180,594,799,826]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FF29241A36E69D14" bold="true" box="[180,444,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Gromphas amazonica</emphasis>
Bates, 1870
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D0596D6253FF0A244736BA9B4C" blockId="23.[151,745,799,859]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,1065,2026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FF0A244736479D76" box="[151,285,834,859]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 11 – 12. 11" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId-0="17.[151,264,1901,1923]" captionStartId-1="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1428,193,1879]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1880]" captionTargetId-1="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionText-0="FIGURES 11 – 12. 11: Holotype of Gromphas lemoinei. 11 a) Dorsal view. 11 b) Lateral view. 11 c) Labels. 12: Lectotype of G. amazonica from Tefé (former Ega). 12 a) Dorsal view. 12 b) Labels." captionText-1="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/247630/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Figs. 12–13</figureCitation>
, 18, 21, 27, 31, 38, 45, 51, 56, 60, 64, 66 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FF0A232C363E9A6F" bold="true" box="[151,356,1065,1090]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
<typeStatus id="27658872596D6253FF0A232C37889A6F" box="[151,210,1065,1090]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Type</typeStatus>
specimens:
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="27658872596D6253FEE9232F36B29A6F" box="[372,488,1066,1090]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
: 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FE61232C359C9A6F" bold="true" box="[508,710,1065,1090]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">here designated,</emphasis>
female (handwritten “Ega”, Bates’ handwritten “ 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53596D6253FABA232C363C9A4B" authority="Bates" authorityName="Bates" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FABA232C36419A48" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Gromphas amazonicus</emphasis>
Bates
</taxonomicName>
”, printed on white paper bordered in black “Ex. Musaeo HWBates, 1892”, printed on red paper “ 
<typeStatus id="27658872596D6253FF3C237737B69AA7" box="[161,236,1138,1162]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">TYPE</typeStatus>
”, “ 
<typeStatus id="27658872596D6253FE92237736ED9AA7" box="[271,439,1138,1162]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
”, “ 
<typeStatus id="27658872596D6253FE44237735219AA7" box="[473,635,1138,1162]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53596D6253FD1A237434969AA4" authority="Bates" authorityName="Bates" box="[647,972,1137,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FD1A237434DA9AA4" box="[647,896,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Gromphas amazonica</emphasis>
Bates
</taxonomicName>
, Vaz-de-Mello, 2013”), MNHN, ex col. Oberthür (examined, 
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FE1B239036BA9A83" box="[390,480,1173,1198]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 12. 11" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,193,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1880]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 12. 11: Holotype of Gromphas lemoinei. 11 a) Dorsal view. 11 b) Lateral view. 11 c) Labels. 12: Lectotype of G. amazonica from Tefé (former Ega). 12 a) Dorsal view. 12 b) Labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247630/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
a–b). 
<typeStatus id="27658872596D6253FDBD239035E79A83" box="[544,701,1173,1198]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
: 1. female (handwritten “S. Paulo Amaz.”, printed on white paper bordered in black “Ex. Musaeo HWBates, 1892”, “ 
<typeStatus id="27658872596D6253FCB723BF33409AFF" box="[810,1050,1210,1234]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
”, “ 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53596D6253FBD523BC367C9ADB" authority="Bates PARALECT" authorityName="Bates PARALECT" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FBD523BC32119AFC" box="[1096,1355,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Gromphas amazonica</emphasis>
Bates PARALECT
</taxonomicName>
, Vaz-de-Mello, 2013”); 2. female (handwritten “Pebas”, printed on white paper bordered in black “Ex. Musaeo HWBates, 1892”, “ 
<typeStatus id="27658872596D6253FE7B2207358C9B37" box="[486,726,1282,1306]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
”, “ 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53596D6253FD62220433B29B37" authority="Bates PARALECT" authorityName="Bates PARALECT" box="[767,1256,1281,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FD62220434A69B34" box="[767,1020,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Gromphas amazonica</emphasis>
Bates PARALECT
</taxonomicName>
, Vaz-de-Mello, 2013”), MNHN, ex col. Oberthür (examined). Third 
<typeStatus id="27658872596D6253FC9F222034C69B13" box="[770,924,1317,1342]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
, from “Upper Amazons” (Bates, 1870), not located at MNHN or BMNH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="F86136D0596D6253FF0A248F36949DD1" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
<table id="8ADEC470596D9DBBFF0A248F32C19DD0" box="[151,1435,906,1021]" gridcols="4" gridrows="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
<tr id="46EE3492596D9DBBFF0A248F32C19D8D" box="[151,1435,906,928]" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="053F5DEE596D9DBBFF0A248F35E69D8D" box="[151,700,906,928]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53596D6253FF0A248F35699D8D" authority="Bates, 1870: 175" authorityName="Bates" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,563,906,928]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FF0A248F36249D8D" box="[151,382,906,928]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Gromphas amazonicus</emphasis>
Bates, 1870: 175
</taxonomicName>
.
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="46EE3492596D9DBBFF0A24AC32C19D92" box="[151,1435,937,959]" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
<th id="053F5DEE596D9DBBFF0A24AC35E69D92" box="[151,700,937,959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53596D6253FF0A24AC35779D92" authority="Gillet 1911: 80" authorityName="Gillet" authorityPageNumber="80" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,557,937,959]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FF0A24AC36229D92" box="[151,376,937,959]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Gromphas amazonica</emphasis>
: Gillet 1911: 80
</taxonomicName>
; d’Olsoufieff
</th>
<td id="053F5DEE596D9DBBFD5E24AC347D9D92" box="[707,807,937,959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">1924: 20,</td>
<td id="053F5DEE596D9DBBFCB324AC33749D92" box="[814,1070,937,959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">59, 139, plate II Fig. 4,</td>
<td id="053F5DEE596D9DBBFBA824AC32C19D92" box="[1077,1435,937,959]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">plate IX; Blackwelder 1944: 208;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="46EE3492596D9DBBFF0A24CD32C19DF3" box="[151,1435,968,990]" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
<th id="053F5DEE596D9DBBFF0A24CD35E69DF3" box="[151,700,968,990]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Barattini &amp; Saenz, 1960: 21, 1964: 181; Vulcano</th>
<td id="053F5DEE596D9DBBFD5E24CD347D9DF3" box="[707,807,968,990]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">&amp; Pereira</td>
<td id="053F5DEE596D9DBBFCB324CD33749DF3" box="[814,1070,968,990]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">1967: 566; Vaz-de-Mello</td>
<td id="053F5DEE596D9DBBFBA824CD32C19DF3" box="[1077,1435,968,990]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
2000: 193; Figueroa 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FA9124CC32609DF3" box="[1292,1338,968,990]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">et al</emphasis>
. 2012: 1;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="46EE3492596D9DBBFF0A24E332C19DD0" box="[151,1435,998,1021]" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="053F5DEE596D9DBBFF0A24E335E69DD0" box="[151,700,998,1021]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
Korasaki 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FEB524ED36069DD1" box="[296,348,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">et al.</emphasis>
2012: 427.
</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B596D625CFF5A226833D099B9" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F86136D0596D6253FF5A2268348B9B87" blockId="23.[151,1436,1065,2026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FF5A226836309BAB" bold="true" box="[199,362,1389,1414]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
<typeStatus id="27658872596D6253FF5A226836589BAB" box="[199,258,1389,1414]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
Tefé (former Ega), Amazonas, 
<collectingCountry id="80C97640596D6253FD4E2268344D9BAB" box="[723,791,1389,1414]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="27658872596D6253FCB5226B34009BAB" box="[808,858,1390,1414]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">type</typeStatus>
locality of the 
<typeStatus id="27658872596D6253FB952268332B9BAB" box="[1032,1137,1389,1414]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, according Article 76.2 of the Code [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D0596D6253FF5A22B033209BDF" blockId="23.[151,1436,1065,2026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2596D6253FF5A22B0362C9BE3" bold="true" box="[199,374,1461,1486]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Redescription:</emphasis>
Color: Dorsum and metasternum usually entirely shiny black, dark blue (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FB5222B032799BE3" box="[1231,1315,1461,1486]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
a), or dark green (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FF7922DC366C9BDF" box="[228,310,1497,1522]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
c), without metallic reflections; some specimens reddish-brown (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FB9122DC33079BDF" box="[1036,1117,1497,1522]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D0596D6253FF5A22F832CC9873" blockId="23.[151,1436,1065,2026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
Head: Margin of clypeus with four lobes (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FD3622F835A4983B" box="[683,766,1533,1558]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1593]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. Dorsal view of head. 24) Gromphas aeruginosa (only one pair of clypeal lobes and tegument smooth adjacent to eyes). 25) G. lemoinei (same). 26) G. dichroa (clypeus truncate and strong granulation around eyes). 27) G. amazonica (margin of clypeus with two pairs of lobes; strong granulation around eyes). 28) G. inermis (same)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247633/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
) and folded upwardly, especially two medial lobes. Genae and frons completely granulate, including region adjacent to eyes (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FCE1212434959817" box="[892,975,1569,1594]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1593]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. Dorsal view of head. 24) Gromphas aeruginosa (only one pair of clypeal lobes and tegument smooth adjacent to eyes). 25) G. lemoinei (same). 26) G. dichroa (clypeus truncate and strong granulation around eyes). 27) G. amazonica (margin of clypeus with two pairs of lobes; strong granulation around eyes). 28) G. inermis (same)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247633/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Cephalic projection a raised carina with emarginate apex in major specimens (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FDA1214035D59873" box="[572,655,1605,1630]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 33" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[195,1380,179,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[195,1380,179,1891]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 33. Frontal view of cephalic projections. 29: Gromphas aeruginosa. 29 a) Major specimen with cephalic projection extremely broad. 29 b) Major specimen with apical notch. 29 c) Worn major specimen. 29 d) Medium specimen. 29 e) Minor specimen. 30: G. lemoinei. 30 a) Major specimen. 30 b) Medium specimen. 30 c) Minor specimen. 31) G. amazonica. 32) G. inermis. 33) G. dichroa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247634/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
), and only slightly projecting with rounded apex in minor specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D0596D6253FF5A216C35E498C3" blockId="23.[151,1436,1065,2026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
Thorax: Pronotum globular; lateral region with dense granulation (Fig. 18), density of granulation decreasing posteromedially; posteromedian region smooth or with strongly effaced granulation (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FBEB21883397988B" box="[1142,1229,1677,1702]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
); posterior fossae usually absent, apparent in very few specimens only as two very shallow and almost imperceptible impressions (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FF0221D037AE98C3" box="[159,244,1749,1774]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of pronotum rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D0596D6253FF5A21FF362E9977" blockId="23.[151,1436,1065,2026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
Mesosternum with dense pilosity (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FDCF21FC35F3993F" box="[594,681,1785,1810]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 52" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1223,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1201]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1202]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 52. Anteromedian angle of metasternum. 49) Gromphas dichroa. 50) G. inermis. 51) G. amazonica. 52) G. aeruginosa (arrow indicates median carina of mesosternum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247636/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
). Metasternum with variable density of punctation. Anteromedian angle of metasternum convex and with globose apex (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FC9920183403991B" box="[772,857,1821,1846]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 52" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1223,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1201]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1202]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 52. Anteromedian angle of metasternum. 49) Gromphas dichroa. 50) G. inermis. 51) G. amazonica. 52) G. aeruginosa (arrow indicates median carina of mesosternum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247636/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
); area in front of anteromedian angle with evident setae (Figs. 18, 51).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D0596D625CFF5A2063330E9ED5" blockId="23.[151,1436,1065,2026]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
Legs: Protibia narrower in males than in females (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FD652060340E9953" box="[760,852,1893,1918]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
a–b); in ventral view, longitudinal carina with a row of tubercles in its basal half in males (Figs. 20d, 23b) and simple in females (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FB8F208C333D998F" box="[1042,1127,1929,1954]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
a). Protibial spur with apex strongly expanded and curved downward (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FDE620A8358099EB" box="[635,730,1965,1990]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FD7520A8345299EB" box="[744,776,1965,1990]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">45</figureCitation>
). In males, inner apical angle of protibia with a long nonarticulated spur bearing a row of setae on its dorsal surface (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55596D6253FCDF20D434CE99C7" box="[834,916,2001,2026]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
b, white arrow); in females, inner apical angle only with a tuft of short setae (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFE6A279235119E9D" box="[503,587,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
a). Apex of apical protarsomere with a long spiniform projection (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFAA7279232CA9E9D" box="[1338,1424,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). Mesotarsi and metatarsi very broad and with apical tarsomeres only slightly curved apically (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFB2727B9324A9EF9" box="[1210,1296,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
). Metatibiae very broad and robust (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFE0627DA36B49ED5" box="[411,494,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). Metatibial spur with apex distinctly curved (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFC6E27DA33129ED5" box="[1011,1096,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05962625CFF5A2601332F9F48" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">
Elytra: Striae very fine and, especially striae 1–4, distinctly carinulate from base to apical slope of elytra (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFAF3260137ED9F6D" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
). Sutural margin glossy and punctate; in some specimens basal third or basal half of sutural margin with sheen and punctation extending laterally into first or second interstria (easily seen in 
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFB9A2649330D9F48" box="[1031,1111,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05962625CFF5A266A34619F81" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">
Abdomen: Pygidium flat, not margined basally (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFC91266A343D9FA5" box="[780,871,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
). Groove of propygidium extending to base of pygidium. Abdominal sternites smooth or sparsely punctate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05962625CFF5A26B233F19FD8" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">
Aedeagus: Phallobase, in ventral view, with a very broad apical membranous area (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFBE126B233889FFD" box="[1148,1234,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 56" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1243,1265]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,195,1222]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[156,1431,193,1222]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 56. Schematic drawings of aedeagi (a—dorsal view, b—lateral view, c—ventral view; dashed lines delimit ventral groove). 53) Gromphas aeruginosa. 54) G. dichroa. 55) G. inermis. 56) G. amazonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247637/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
c). Medial sclerite only slightly curved, almost flat, with a narrow and spiniform projection at one end (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFBD726D933C59FD8" box="[1098,1183,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 57 – 62" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1134,1156]" captionTargetBox="[433,1142,199,1103]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[428,1160,193,1113]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 57 – 62. Schematic drawings. 57 – 61: Medial sclerite of internal sac. 57) Gromphas aeruginosa. 58) G. lemoinei. 59) G. inermis. 60) G. amazonica. 61) G. dichroa. 62) Internal sac of G. aeruginosa (TE = temones; MS = medial sclerite; AS = apical sclerites)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247638/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05962625CFF5A26FA32669CA9" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFF5A26FA359E9C35" bold="true" box="[199,708,511,536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">
Measurements: Males (
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595962625CFE4026FA35DB9C35" box="[477,641,511,536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
): TL:
</emphasis>
AV: 15.59; 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405962625CFCD7250534219C3A" box="[842,891,512,535]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">MX</collectingCountry>
: 18.1; MN: 13.6; SD: 1.32. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFB2E26FA33BA9C35" bold="true" box="[1203,1248,511,536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">PL:</emphasis>
AV: 13.73; 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405962625CFAFA250532C29C3A" box="[1383,1432,512,535]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">MX</collectingCountry>
: 15.3; MN: 13.6; SD: 1.32. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFE5F252136AD9C10" bold="true" box="[450,503,548,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">PW:</emphasis>
AV: 9.38; 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405962625CFDF3252035C59C11" box="[622,671,549,572]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">MX</collectingCountry>
: 10.4; MN: 7.7; SD: 0.72. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFC5A252132449C10" bold="true" box="[967,1310,548,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">
Females (
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595962625CFBA5252133819C10" box="[1080,1243,548,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
): TL:
</emphasis>
AV: 14.72; 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405962625CFF0A254D37929C72" box="[151,200,584,607]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">MX</collectingCountry>
: 17; MN: 12; SD: 1.32. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFE48254235589C4D" bold="true" box="[469,514,583,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">PL:</emphasis>
AV: 12.93; 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405962625CFD15254D35E09C72" box="[648,698,584,607]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">MX</collectingCountry>
: 14.4; MN: 10.5; SD: 1.12. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFC6D2542337F9C4D" bold="true" box="[1008,1061,583,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">PW:</emphasis>
AV: 8.86; 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405962625CFB01254D33949C72" box="[1180,1230,584,607]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">MX</collectingCountry>
: 10.1; MN: 7; SD: 0.83. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFF4B256935529CA8" bold="true" box="[214,520,620,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">
Total (
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595962625CFEBF2569369F9CA8" box="[290,453,620,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" type="generic">38 specimens</specimenCount>
): TL:
</emphasis>
AV: 15.13; SD: 1.38. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFC9D256934769CA8" bold="true" box="[768,812,620,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">PL:</emphasis>
AV: 13.31; SD: 1.09. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFBB8256933039CA8" bold="true" box="[1061,1113,620,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">PW:</emphasis>
AV: 9.11; SD: 0.82.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05962625CFF5A258A36FC9D15" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFF5A258A34729C85" bold="true" box="[199,808,655,680]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Intraspecific variation and taxonomic discussion:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFCA9258A33749C85" box="[820,1070,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFCA9258A33749C85" box="[820,1070,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Gromphas amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a wide variation in the punctation of the sutural margin of elytra and metasternum; some specimens show conspicuous punctation, while in others it is only slight. Variation is also seen in the spiniform projection of the female protarsus; most specimens have it well developed and evident (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFDC625F935ED9D38" box="[603,695,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
), while some others seem to have the projections worn and consequently shortened.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05962625CFF5A244136629A3D" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">
Posterior pronotal fossae are usually absent in 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFD4D244034329D71" box="[720,872,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFD4D244034329D71" box="[720,872,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but occasionally they are represented by a pair of small, almost imperceptible, punctiform pits (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFD3D246235AC9DAD" box="[672,758,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). We observed these fossae only in two specimens; a small male from Itacoatiara (Amazonas, 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405962625CFDBA248935379D88" box="[551,621,908,933]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) and a large female from Afuá (Pará, 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405962625CFBB1248933289D88" box="[1068,1138,908,933]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFB11248933BA9D89" box="[1164,1248,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
c). Although the other specimens did not show any trace of these fossae, it is clear that this is no more than individual variation, the same occurring in 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFEFB24D036839DC1" box="[358,473,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFEFB24D036839DC1" box="[358,473,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also a species typically without posterior pronotal fossae (see more on the discussion of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFF2824FD36729A3D" box="[181,296,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFF2824FD36729A3D" box="[181,296,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05962625CFF5A231934FD9B55" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">
Although the non-articulated spur of the male protibiae is unique to 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFC21231833179A19" box="[956,1101,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFC21231833179A19" box="[956,1101,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G.amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFBC1231933F79A18" box="[1116,1197,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
b), its homology with the small tubercle found in the male protibiae of the other species of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFC2D233A337F9A75" box="[944,1061,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFC2D233A337F9A75" box="[944,1061,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Gromphas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFBAB233A33D39A75" box="[1078,1161,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
b, white arrow) is likely (the tubercle, as the non-articulated spur, is absent in females). However, in no other species is this tubercle developed more than an almost imperceptible; in 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFD5F238D34009A8D" box="[706,858,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFD5F238D34009A8D" box="[706,858,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the non-articulated spur is visible to the naked eye even in smaller specimens. Other unique characters of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFC8E23A834F59AE9" box="[787,943,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFC8E23A834F59AE9" box="[787,943,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are (a) the elytral striae carinulate beyond midpoint of elytra (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFEE923CA36929AC5" box="[372,456,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
); (b) apical protarsomere with a long spiniform projection (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFBF323CA33999AC5" box="[1134,1219,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
); (c) mesotarsi and metatarsi very wide; (d) usual absence of metallic reflections; and (e) medial sclerite of internal sac with a spiniform projection (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFE0E221236B09B1D" box="[403,490,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 57 – 62" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1134,1156]" captionTargetBox="[433,1142,199,1103]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[428,1160,193,1113]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 57 – 62. Schematic drawings. 57 – 61: Medial sclerite of internal sac. 57) Gromphas aeruginosa. 58) G. lemoinei. 59) G. inermis. 60) G. amazonica. 61) G. dichroa. 62) Internal sac of G. aeruginosa (TE = temones; MS = medial sclerite; AS = apical sclerites)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247638/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
). The phallobase with membranous apical area expanded in ventral view and the medial sclerite only slightly curved are characters shared in some way with 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFC78223833039B78" box="[997,1113,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFC78223833039B78" box="[997,1113,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFB12223832589B79" box="[1167,1282,1341,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFB12223832589B79" box="[1167,1282,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively, although in 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFE81226536EE9B55" box="[284,436,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFE81226536EE9B55" box="[284,436,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both characters are much more pronounced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05962625CFF5A22813412987D" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">
With 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFE9A228036FC9BB1" box="[263,422,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFE9A228036FC9BB1" box="[263,422,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFE7C228035389BB0" box="[481,610,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFE7C228035389BB0" box="[481,610,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFDEE228034579BB1" box="[627,781,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFDEE228034579BB1" box="[627,781,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares the elytral striae carinulate (in 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFB55228032129BB0" box="[1224,1352,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFB55228032129BB0" box="[1224,1352,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFA192280364F9BED" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFA192280364F9BED" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the carinulae are always absent in the apical half of elytra [
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFC3B22A234A19BED" box="[934,1019,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
], while in 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFBF222AD325C9BED" box="[1135,1286,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFBF222AD325C9BED" box="[1135,1286,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the carinulae reach the apical slope of elytra [
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFD9222C935339BC9" box="[527,617,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
]). 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFD1522C934DA9BC9" box="[648,896,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFD1522C934DA9BC9" box="[648,896,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Gromphas amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares only with 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFBCE22C833929BC9" box="[1107,1224,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFBCE22C833929BC9" box="[1107,1224,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the margin of the clypeus with four lobes (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFE3722EA36A19825" box="[426,507,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1593]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. Dorsal view of head. 24) Gromphas aeruginosa (only one pair of clypeal lobes and tegument smooth adjacent to eyes). 25) G. lemoinei (same). 26) G. dichroa (clypeus truncate and strong granulation around eyes). 27) G. amazonica (margin of clypeus with two pairs of lobes; strong granulation around eyes). 28) G. inermis (same)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247633/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
) and folded upward; the cephalic projection emarginate apically (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFB4522EA326E9825" box="[1240,1332,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1593]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. Dorsal view of head. 24) Gromphas aeruginosa (only one pair of clypeal lobes and tegument smooth adjacent to eyes). 25) G. lemoinei (same). 26) G. dichroa (clypeus truncate and strong granulation around eyes). 27) G. amazonica (margin of clypeus with two pairs of lobes; strong granulation around eyes). 28) G. inermis (same)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247633/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Figs. 27</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFADD22F532059825" box="[1344,1375,1520,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 33" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[195,1380,179,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[195,1380,179,1891]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 33. Frontal view of cephalic projections. 29: Gromphas aeruginosa. 29 a) Major specimen with cephalic projection extremely broad. 29 b) Major specimen with apical notch. 29 c) Worn major specimen. 29 d) Medium specimen. 29 e) Minor specimen. 30: G. lemoinei. 30 a) Major specimen. 30 b) Medium specimen. 30 c) Minor specimen. 31) G. amazonica. 32) G. inermis. 33) G. dichroa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247634/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">31</figureCitation>
); and the usual absence of posterior pronotal fossae (and their occasional presence in some specimens [
<figureCitation id="60E52A555962625CFB69211132179801" box="[1268,1357,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
]). (See comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFEC4213D3694987D" box="[345,462,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFEC4213D3694987D" box="[345,462,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the discussion of that species).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05962625CFF5A215833D099B9" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">
We examined a single female of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFDD8215835859859" box="[581,735,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFDD8215835859859" box="[581,735,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that bears the unexpected locality of Cáceres (Mato Grosso, 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405962625CFF0A217A378798B5" box="[151,221,1663,1688]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) in the Alto Pantanal region, about 
<quantity id="3F269B355962625CFD18218535A998B5" box="[645,755,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" unit="km" value="1000.0">1,000 km</quantity>
south of Contamana, 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405962625CFC6A2184337798B5" box="[1015,1069,1665,1688]" name="Peru" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Peru</collectingCountry>
, the second southernmost point known for this species. This specimen has distinctly carinulate elytral striae and apical protarsomere with a long spiniform projection, but, unlike other 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFDD021CD35BF98CD" box="[589,741,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFDD021CD35BF98CD" box="[589,741,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it has a strong green color with metallic reflections covering the entire body, especially the head and pronotum. With only one specimen known, it is impossible to say whether this condition is typical of this population of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFD072015346E9905" box="[666,820,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFD072015346E9905" box="[666,820,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or just an individual variation (or even that this is the result of mislabeling). If indeed the existence of this Patanal population is confirmed, it would be a case analogous to, for example, 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFEC920523445995D" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[340,799,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sulcophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faunus">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFEC920523508995D" box="[340,594,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Sulcophanaeus faunus</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
, a species widely distributed throughout Amazon Basin with small isolated populations in 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405962625CFD85207835DA99B8" box="[536,640,1917,1941]" name="Paraguay" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
and western São Paulo state (Edmonds 2000).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B5962625DFF5A20A535A99F80" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F86136D05962625DFF5A20A5364D9EF9" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,151,1077]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFF5A20A5360B9994" bold="true" box="[199,337,1952,1977]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">Comments:</emphasis>
Bates (1870) based his description of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535962625CFC9920A434C79995" box="[772,925,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFC9920A434C79995" box="[772,925,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on four specimens (“ 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25962625CFB0C20A4353C99F1" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="463">I do not find any sexual difference in the four specimens I posses</emphasis>
”). Nonetheless, we were able to locate only three of the 
<typeStatus id="276588725962625CFB6F20C0320E99F0" box="[1266,1364,1989,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="463" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
at the MNHN, all females; one of them (that from Tefé, former Ega) was designated by us as the 
<typeStatus id="276588725963625DFB702792320E9E9D" box="[1261,1364,151,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFA19279D364A9EF9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFA19279D364A9EF9" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05963625DFF5A27DA35A99F80" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFF5A27DA36179ED5" bold="true" box="[199,333,223,248]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Bionomics:</emphasis>
Figueroa 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFE5D27E436A39ED5" box="[448,505,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
(2012) were the first to publish data on the natural history of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFB2727E532099ED5" box="[1210,1363,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFB2727E532099ED5" box="[1210,1363,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They report that this species is collected in pitfall traps baited with human feces in forests habitats and, in one case, several specimens were collected in a secondary forest associated with mandioca cultivation (
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFB57262237BD9F49" authority="Crantz" authorityName="Crantz" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFB57262232C69F6D" box="[1226,1436,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Manihot esculenta</emphasis>
Crantz
</taxonomicName>
). The specimens that we examined from Afuá, Pará, were also collected on human feces (Paulo R. Magno, MNRJ, personal communication). The specimens examined in this study were collected in July, August, September, November, January, February, and March.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B5963625DFF5A26B2324C9C4D" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="description">
<paragraph id="F86136D05963625DFF5A26B2324C9C4D" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFF5A26B236A79FFD" bold="true" box="[199,509,439,464]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Geographic distribution:</emphasis>
Amazonian subregion: Amapa, Varzea, Ucayali, Madeira, and Pantanal. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFF0A26D936649FD8" bold="true" box="[151,318,476,501]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<collectingCountry id="80C976405963625DFF0A26D936639FD8" box="[151,313,476,501]" name="Colombia" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Amazonas: Letícia. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFDBC26D935CF9FD8" bold="true" box="[545,661,476,501]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<collectingCountry id="80C976405963625DFDBC26D935CA9FD8" box="[545,656,476,501]" name="Brazil" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Amapá: Macapá. Amazonas: Benjamin Constant, Carauari, Eirunepé, Itacoatiara, São Paulo de Olivença, Tefé. Pará: Afuá (
<collectingCountry id="80C976405963625DFD7326FA34419C35" box="[750,795,511,536]" name="Iceland" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Ilha</collectingCountry>
do Pará), Porto de Moz (Tapara). Mato Grosso: Cáceres. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFF0A252137B19C10" bold="true" box="[151,235,548,573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<collectingCountry id="80C976405963625DFF0A252137BD9C10" box="[151,231,548,573]" name="Peru" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">PERU</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Loreto: Mariscal Ramón Castilla (Pebas), Maynas (Iquitos); Ucayali (Contamana; Padre Márquez). San Martin: San Martin (El Porvenir). Ucayali: Coronel Portillo (Callería: Pucallpa; Yarinacocha). (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555963625DFB2B254232539C4D" box="[1206,1289,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1595]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,181,1595]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 66. Distribution map of the five species of Gromphas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247640/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B5963625DFF5A256932569A19" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F86136D05963625DFF5A256932569A19" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFF5A256936E89CA8" bold="true" box="[199,434,620,645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Material examined:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFE25256935419CA8" box="[440,539,620,645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="male">22 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFDCC256935949CA8" box="[593,718,620,645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="female">26 females</specimenCount>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFD4A256934169CA8" bold="true" box="[727,844,620,645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<collectingCountry id="80C976405963625DFD4A2569341D9CA8" box="[727,839,620,645]" name="Brazil" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
AMAPÁ: Macapá, BR 
<quantity id="3F269B355963625DFBCA256933F49CA8" box="[1111,1198,620,645]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" unit="km" value="156.0">156 km</quantity>
. 14, 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFB7F256932399CA8" box="[1250,1379,620,645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="1981-11-26">26.XI.1981</date>
, I. S. Gorayeb &amp; Equipe cols.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFE51258A35669C85" box="[460,572,655,680]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(CEMT). AMAZONAS: Benjamin Constant, 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFBCB258A33EF9C85" box="[1110,1205,655,680]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="1953-09">IX.1953</date>
, I. C. Lima col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFA0E258A37979CE0" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Carauari, 
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA50175963625DFE3325B1356A9CE0" box="[430,560,692,717]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" precision="15" value="-57.468056">57º28’05”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA50175963625DFDAA25B1359E9CE0" box="[567,708,692,717]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" precision="15" value="-5.6875">05º40’75”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3F269B355963625DFD5225B134509CE1" box="[719,778,692,717]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="85.0">85 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFC8825B134FB9CE1" box="[789,929,692,716]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="2009-07-19">19.VII.2009</date>
, L. Nichols, R. Braga &amp; G. Schiffler cols.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFA0E25B137979CDD" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFE9825DD363D9CDD" box="[261,359,727,752]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Eirunepé (former João Pessoa), Rio Juruá, 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFC5825D2331D9CDD" box="[965,1095,727,752]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="1936-09-10">10.IX.1936</date>
, Zellibor-Hauff col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFAD825D232C19CDD" box="[1349,1435,727,752]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFF5A25F936739D38" box="[199,297,764,789]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MNRJ), 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFE0025F936B39D38" box="[413,489,764,789]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFDBF25F935D99D38" box="[546,643,764,789]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(FIOC) and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFC8B25F934229D38" box="[790,888,764,789]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Eirunepé, Rio Juruá, 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFB4625F932609D38" box="[1243,1338,764,789]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="1936-09">IX.1936</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFE87241A363B9D15" box="[282,353,799,824]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Itacoatiara, without date, 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405963625DFD682425346C9D1A" box="[757,822,800,823]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Mann</collectingCountry>
&amp; 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405963625DFCC1241A34C59D15" box="[860,927,799,824]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Baker</collectingCountry>
cols.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFC61241A331E9D15" box="[1020,1092,799,824]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(BMNH); Tefé, 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFA9F2425322E9D15" box="[1282,1396,800,824]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="1991-08">VIII.1991</date>
, O. Roppa &amp; P. Magno cols.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFE4C2441351A9D70" box="[465,576,836,861]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(MNRJ). MATO GROSSO: Cáceres, 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFC662441332E9D71" box="[1019,1140,836,860]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="2008-10-10">10.X.2008</date>
, E. Silva col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFAAF244132C69D70" box="[1330,1436,836,861]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="female">1 females</specimenCount>
(CEMT). PARÁ: Afuá, 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405963625DFE33246236809DAD" box="[430,474,871,896]" name="Iceland" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Ilha</collectingCountry>
do Pará, Igarapé Juntinta, 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFC87246234239DAD" box="[794,889,871,896]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="1995-11">XI.1995</date>
, P. Magno &amp; C. Júlio cols.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFB472462321B9DAD" box="[1242,1345,871,896]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFA1D246D37B49D88" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="female">13 females</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Porto de Moz, Tapara, 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFDFD248935F19D89" box="[608,683,908,932]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="1923-01">I.1923</date>
, J. F. Zikán col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFCE1248934989D88" box="[892,962,908,933]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(FIOC); Porto de Moz, Tapara, 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFAB7248932259D89" box="[1322,1407,908,932]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="1923-02">II.1923</date>
, J. F. Zikán col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFEC924AA36E29DE5" box="[340,440,943,968]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFDA024AA35BF9DE5" bold="true" box="[573,741,943,968]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<collectingCountry id="80C976405963625DFDA024AA35BA9DE5" box="[573,736,943,968]" name="Colombia" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
AMAZONAS: Letícia, 
<quantity id="3F269B355963625DFB9024B533069DE5" box="[1037,1116,943,968]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" unit="ft" value="700.0">700 ft</quantity>
., 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFBE924B532699DE5" box="[1140,1331,944,968]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="1974-02-23" valueMax="1974-03-02" valueMin="1974-02-23">23.II-02.III.1974</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFE8724D1363B9DC0" box="[282,353,980,1005]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(CMNC); Letícia, 
<quantity id="3F269B355963625DFDA024D135DC9DC0" box="[573,646,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" unit="ft" value="700.0">700 ft</quantity>
., 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405963625DFD0A24D135E59DC0" box="[663,703,980,1005]" name="Iceland" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Isla</collectingCountry>
Sta. Sophia, 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFCC424D133429DC1" box="[857,1048,980,1004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="1974-02-23" valueMax="1974-03-02" valueMin="1974-02-23">23.II-02.III.1974</date>
, J. Peck col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFB5524D1327C9DC0" box="[1224,1318,980,1005]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CMNC); Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, 
<quantity id="3F269B355963625DFDD424FD35DF9A22" box="[585,645,1016,1040]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFD0F24FD344E9A3D" box="[658,788,1016,1040]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="1993-09-23">23.IX.1993</date>
, collector illegible— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFB9524F2333E9A3D" box="[1032,1124,1015,1040]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CMNC). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFB7D24F2326C9A3D" bold="true" box="[1248,1334,1015,1040]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<collectingCountry id="80C976405963625DFB7D24F2326A9A3D" box="[1248,1328,1015,1040]" name="Peru" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">PERU</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Ucayali, Coronel Portillo, Yarinacocha, 
<quantity id="3F269B355963625DFE6E2319356F9A18" box="[499,565,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="150.0">150m</quantity>
, 
<date id="8C6010105963625DFDDD231935AB9A18" box="[576,753,1052,1077]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" value="2001-07-08" valueMax="2001-07-15" valueMin="2001-07-08">08-15.VII.2001</date>
, D. Curoe col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFC2C2319335C9A18" box="[945,1030,1052,1077]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595963625DFBA1231933C79A18" box="[1084,1181,1052,1077]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>