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<document id="378E549B14387516ADA04B3DC0CE4A67" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2017.1294213" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5180885" ID-ZooBank="4EA4C2C0-BEC2-45BF-8B72-388302A53F51" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628683802388" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Nguyen, Tung T., Trinh, Kim-Binh T., Nguyen, Hong-Lan T. &amp; Nguyen, Anh D." docDate="2017" docId="70678782FFFDFFF5FE83F55D0DC7FA2C" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.51.15-16.883-915.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51 (15 - 16)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1294213" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Metaphire peguana subsp. laisonensis Nguyen &amp; Nguyen 2017, subsp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="902" masterDocId="8C5EFFFAFFEFFFE1FF95F4550943FFFF" masterDocTitle="Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) from islands of Kien Hai District, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species and one subspecies" masterLastPageNumber="915" masterPageNumber="883" pageNumber="900" updateTime="1699049383658" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="58CF67F14C8FC44ED0F7CA9A342667FA">Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) from islands of Kien Hai District, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species and one subspecies</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B00709C803B79706695E2F5B801269C5">Nguyen, Tung T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="51FCB1CE70C72A901C3D4DF8AC9A21D3">Trinh, Kim-Binh T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="01046110008C496F70BBDC3DD2AF1365">Nguyen, Hong-Lan T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF326F27F1D02A045CBF09C8995A8D91">Nguyen, Anh D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ED58BD78747208A40AA26573EC779473">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F745433ACA5B610A37B7B83725C73D5C">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B714B3785D7F32A5BBD01BAC986E4B5C">2017-03-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4BDB83ECF04E027648790DE24AEE6008">15 - 16</mods:number>
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<treatment id="70678782FFFDFFF5FE83F55D0DC7FA2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5190605" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5190605" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:70678782FFFDFFF5FE83F55D0DC7FA2C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/70678782FFFDFFF5FE83F55D0DC7FA2C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="902" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">
<subSubSection id="B0D4651FFFFDFFF3FE83F55D0D4DFEDE" box="[278,1038,264,289]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFDFFF3FE83F55D0D4DFEDE" blockId="18.[278,1038,264,323]" box="[278,1038,264,289]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">
<heading id="A33981F8FFFDFFF3FE83F55D0D4DFEDE" box="[278,1038,264,289]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFDFFF3FE83F55D0A3EFEDE" authority="Nguyen &amp; Nguyen" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2017" box="[278,893,264,289]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="peguana" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="laisonensis">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFDFFF3FE83F55D0BDBFEDE" bold="true" box="[278,664,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">Metaphire peguana laisonensis</emphasis>
Nguyen &amp; Nguyen
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D18957FDFFFDFFF3FC13F55D0D4DFEDE" box="[902,1038,264,289]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" rank="subSpecies">subsp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="B0D4651FFFFDFFF3FDC4F57F0A9AFE7A" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" type="description">
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFDFFF3FDC4F57F0B91FEBC" blockId="18.[278,1038,264,323]" box="[593,722,298,323]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">
(
<figureCitation id="60F52A11FFFDFFF3FDCCF57F0B89FEBC" box="[601,714,298,323]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1611,1634]" captionTargetBox="[178,1135,145,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-1@19.[178,1138,142,1580]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 12. Metaphire peguana laisonensis subsp. nov. (a, f) Male region (mp = male pore, gm = genital markings); (b,e) lateral view of spermathecal region (sp = spermathecal pore); (c, i) prostatic gland (ag = accessory gland); (d, h) spermathecae (amp = ampulla, dv = diverticulum); (g, j) intestinal caeca. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5180910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5180910/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">Figure 12</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFDFFF3FEA6F5270A9AFE7A" blockId="18.[307,985,370,389]" box="[307,985,370,389]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">
http://specieslsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B0D4651FFFFDFFF3FF35F5EA0AD7FDE1" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFDFFF3FF35F5EA08C3FE26" blockId="18.[160,1155,447,542]" box="[160,384,447,473]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFDFFF3FF35F5EA08C3FE26" bold="true" box="[160,384,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFDFFF3FF35F5B60AD7FDE1" blockId="18.[160,1155,447,542]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">
<materialsCitation id="48A63CC9FFFDFFF3FF35F5B60BFDFDE1" county="Lai Son Island" latitude="9.802917" location="November" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.61425" municipality="Kien Hai District" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kien Giang">
29 matures (CTU-EW 087.01)
<collectingCounty id="11104E18FFFDFFF3FE69F5B60BE1FE04" box="[508,674,483,507]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">Lai Son Island</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="9DFA5053FFFDFFF3FD20F5B60A16FE04" box="[693,853,483,507]" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" precision="1" seconds="10.5" value="9.802917">
09°48
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFDFFF3FD60F5B60BB8FE04" bold="true" box="[757,763,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">ʹ</emphasis>
10.5
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFDFFF3FCBFF5B60A75FE04" bold="true" box="[810,822,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">ʹʹ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9DFA5053FFFDFFF3FCF3F5B60D4CFE04" box="[870,1039,483,507]" degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" precision="1" seconds="51.3" value="104.61425">
104°36
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFDFFF3FC26F5B60AFAFE04" bold="true" box="[947,953,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">ʹ</emphasis>
51.3
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFDFFF3FC72F5B60AB0FE04" bold="true" box="[999,1011,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">ʹʹ</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
)
<collectingMunicipality id="1815ACEEFFFDFFF3FBB4F5B609B1FDE1" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">Kien Hai District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="3A0AF876FFFDFFF3FF68F65308A6FDE1" box="[253,485,518,542]" country="Vietnam" name="Kien Giang" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">Kien Giang Province</collectingRegion>
, 15
<location id="FD11604FFFFDFFF3FD80F6530BCDFDE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:70678782FFFDFFF5FE83F55D0DC7FA2C:FD11604FFFFDFFF3FD80F6530BCDFDE1" box="[533,654,518,542]" county="Lai Son Island" latitude="9.802917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.61425" municipality="Kien Hai District" name="November" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" stateProvince="Kien Giang">November</location>
, leg
</materialsCitation>
. Kim-Binh
<collectionCode id="9EDFAE51FFFDFFF3FCADF6530A0BFDE1" box="[824,840,518,542]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">T</collectionCode>
. Trinh.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0D4651FFFFDFFF3FF35F6020A89FC9B" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFDFFF3FF35F6020857FD8E" blockId="18.[160,1156,599,868]" box="[160,276,599,625]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFDFFF3FF35F6020857FD8E" bold="true" box="[160,276,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFDFFF3FF35F6290A89FC9B" blockId="18.[160,1156,599,868]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">
Body cylindrical, medium size, length
<quantity id="3F369B71FFFDFFF3FDCFF6290BA6FD6B" box="[602,741,636,660]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="11.6" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" unit="mm" value="91.5" valueMax="116.0" valueMin="67.0">67–116 mm</quantity>
, diameter
<quantity id="3F369B71FFFDFFF3FCF7F6290AA9FD6B" box="[866,1002,636,660]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4.5 mm</quantity>
, 70–115 segments. Prostomium 1/3 epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Setal number
<quantity id="3F369B71FFFDFFF3FC60F6CB0D15FD49" box="[1013,1110,670,694]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.017" metricValueMax="10.414" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" unit="in" value="35.5" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="30.0">30–41 in</quantity>
viii,
<quantity id="3F369B71FFFDFFF3FF35F6940847FD26" box="[160,260,705,729]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3208000000000002" metricValueMax="1.3969999999999998" metricValueMin="1.2446000000000002" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" unit="in" value="52.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="49.0">49–55 in</quantity>
xxx, 5–10 between male porophores in xviii; setal distance aa = 1.2–2.0 ab, zz = 1.2–2.0 zy. Three pairs of spermathecal pores, in lateral intersegments 6/7/8/9. Male pores located inside copulatory pouches in xviii. No genital markings in the spermathecal region, but two large, round pairs in xvii and xix, in line with male porophores. Testis sacs separated. Holandric. Intestinal caeca simple. Septa 8/9/10 absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0D4651FFFFDFFF5FF35F7C80DC3FE74" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="902" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" type="description">
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFDFFF3FF35F7C80865FC48" blockId="18.[160,1156,925,1402]" box="[160,294,925,951]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFDFFF3FF35F7C80865FC48" bold="true" box="[160,294,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFDFFF3FF35F79508B8FB55" blockId="18.[160,1156,925,1402]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFDFFF3FF35F79508CFFC25" bold="true" box="[160,396,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">External characters.</emphasis>
Body cylindrical, medium size; length
<quantity id="3F369B71FFFDFFF3FCC5F7970A99FC25" box="[848,986,961,986]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="11.6" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" unit="mm" value="91.5" valueMax="116.0" valueMin="67.0">67–116 mm</quantity>
, diameter
<quantity id="3F369B71FFFDFFF3FBC0F79709BCFC03" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5– 4.5 mm</quantity>
, segments 70–115, weight
<quantity id="3F369B71FFFDFFF3FDC7F7B10B9EFC03" box="[594,733,996,1020]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.01" metricValueMax="1.48" metricValueMin="0.54" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" unit="g" value="1.01" valueMax="1.48" valueMin="0.54">0.54–1.48 g</quantity>
. Body uniformly light grey except clitellum brown. Setae perichaetine; pre-clitellar setae sparser than post-clitellar setae,
<quantity id="3F369B71FFFDFFF3FF35F07F0844FBBD" box="[160,263,1065,1090]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.017" metricValueMax="10.414" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" unit="in" value="35.5" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="30.0">30–41 in</quantity>
viii,
<quantity id="3F369B71FFFDFFF3FEDCF07F08F3FBBD" box="[329,432,1065,1090]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3208000000000002" metricValueMax="1.3969999999999998" metricValueMin="1.2446000000000002" pageId="18" pageNumber="900" unit="in" value="52.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="49.0">49–55 in</quantity>
xxx, 5–10 between male porophores in xviii; setal distance aa = 1.2–2.0 ab, zz = 1.2–2.0 zy. Prostomium 1/3 epilobous (closed). First dorsal pore in 12/13. Clitellum annular, xiv–xvi, smooth and without setae and dorsal pores. Female pore single, mid-ventral in xiv.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFDFFF3FF2BF0E108CCFAED" blockId="18.[160,1156,925,1402]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">Three pairs of spermathecal pores in lateral intersegments 6/7/8/9. Ventral distance between spermathecal pores about 0.5× body circumference. No genital markings in the spermathecal region.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFDFFF3FF55F1490DC7FA85" blockId="18.[160,1156,925,1402]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">Male pores ellipsoid-shaped, deeply located inside copulatory pouches in xviii; ventral distance between male porophores about 0.35× body circumference. Two pairs of genital markings behind and in front of setal rings of xvii and xix, respectively, in line with male pores.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFDFFF3FF35F1E60A81F9CA" blockId="18.[160,1156,1459,1727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFDFFF3FF35F1E608C4FA32" bold="true" box="[160,391,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">Internal characters.</emphasis>
Septa 5/6/7/8 thin, 8/9/10 absent, 10/11/12/13 thin. Oesophageal gizzard after viii. Intestinal origin at xv; caeca simple, within xxvii–xxiv, sometimes xxvii– xxii. Last hearts in xiii. Pharyngeal micronephridia developed in 5/6/7. Lymph glands lobuled, from 16/17. Typhlosole simple, lamelliform (segments 25–48).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFDFFF3FF2BF26A086BF940" blockId="18.[160,1156,1459,1727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="900">Spermathecae paired in vii–ix. Spermathecal ampulla large, egg-shaped; duct short, about one-third ampulla length. Diverticula as short as duct, coiled and folded, directly attached to duct; distal part enlarged to be an opalescent seminal chamber. No accessory glands.</paragraph>
<caption id="ACB1661CFFFCFFF2FF35F21E0B40F945" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5180910" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5180910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5180910/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="901" startId="19.[160,225,1611,1634]" targetBox="[178,1135,145,1561]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFCFFF2FF35F21E0B40F945" blockId="19.[160,1156,1611,1722]" pageId="19" pageNumber="901">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFCFFF2FF35F21E0844F99D" bold="true" box="[160,263,1611,1634]" pageId="19" pageNumber="901">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFCFFF2FE9AF21E0B3DF99D" authority="Nguyen &amp; Trinh &amp; Nguyen &amp; Nguyen, 2017" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Trinh &amp; Nguyen &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2017" box="[271,638,1611,1634]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="19" pageNumber="883" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="peguana" status="subsp." subSpecies="laisonensis">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFCFFF2FE9AF21E0B74F99D" box="[271,567,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="901">Metaphire peguana laisonensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D18957FDFFFCFFF2FDABF21E0B3DF99D" box="[574,638,1611,1634]" pageId="19" pageNumber="901" rank="subSpecies">subsp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
nov. (a, f) Male region (mp = male pore, gm = genital markings); (b,e) lateral view of spermathecal region (sp = spermathecal pore); (c, i) prostatic gland (ag = accessory gland); (d, h) spermathecae (amp = ampulla, dv = diverticulum); (g, j) intestinal caeca. Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFBFFF5FF55F4DB0BFEFEF1" blockId="20.[160,1155,142,270]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">Holandric. Testis sacs developed in x, xi, separated. Seminal vesicles well developed in xi, xii. Ovaries well developed, opalescent in 12/13; oviduct after septum 12/13. Prostate glands deeply lobuled, paired in xvi–xx or xxi; prostatic ducts S-shaped, slightly smaller distally. Accessory glands paired in xvii and xix.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFBFFF5FF35F51A09BAFE96" blockId="20.[160,1152,335,395]" box="[160,249,335,361]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FF35F51A09BAFE96" bold="true" box="[160,249,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">Habitat</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFBFFF5FF35F5260DC3FE74" blockId="20.[160,1152,335,395]" box="[160,1152,371,395]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">It was found inside rocky hollows containing rich organic matter in the natural forests.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0D4651FFFFBFFF5FF35F5990DC7FA2C" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFBFFF5FF35F5990845FE19" blockId="20.[160,1156,460,1491]" box="[160,262,460,486]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FF35F5990845FE19" bold="true" box="[160,262,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFBFFF5FF35F5A40BAEFCBE" blockId="20.[160,1156,460,1491]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">
The new subspecies agrees with the description of
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FD7DF5A50AFDFDF6" baseAuthorityName="Rosa" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[744,958,496,521]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="peguana">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FD7DF5A50AFDFDF6" box="[744,958,496,521]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">Metaphire peguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except for minor differences in locations of spermathecal pores and genital markings.
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FC38F6470843FDB1" authority="peguana" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="peguana" subSpecies="peguana">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FC38F6470843FDB1" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">Metaphire peguana peguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has spermathecal pores located ventrolaterally (ventral distance c.0.35× body circumference), genital markings paired in intersegments 17/18 and 18/19, diverticula duct attached to base of duct (
<figureCitation id="60F52A11FFFBFFF5FDB3F62E0BD5FD6C" box="[550,662,635,659]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1611,1634]" captionTargetBox="[181,1137,146,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[178,1138,142,1580]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Metaphire peguana (Rosa, 1890) from Dong Nai Province, Vietnam. (a, f) Male region (mp = male pore, gm = genital markings); (b) ventral view of spermathecal region (sp = spermathecal pore); (c, h) intestinal caecum; (d, i) spermathecae (amp = ampulla, dv = diverticulummm); (e, j) prostatic gland (ag = accessory gland); (g) male porophores and accessory glands, transverse body section. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5180912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5180912/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">Figure 13</figureCitation>
). In contrast, the new subspecies shows spermathecal pores located laterally (ventral distance c.0.5× body circumference), genital markings paired in xvii and xix, diverticula attached to middle duct (
<figureCitation id="60F52A11FFFBFFF5FC7FF6940D15FD26" box="[1002,1110,705,729]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1611,1634]" captionTargetBox="[178,1135,145,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-1@19.[178,1138,142,1580]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 12. Metaphire peguana laisonensis subsp. nov. (a, f) Male region (mp = male pore, gm = genital markings); (b,e) lateral view of spermathecal region (sp = spermathecal pore); (c, i) prostatic gland (ag = accessory gland); (d, h) spermathecae (amp = ampulla, dv = diverticulum); (g, j) intestinal caeca. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5180910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5180910/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">Figure 12</figureCitation>
). In addition,
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FE9BF6B70B51FD04" box="[270,530,738,763]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="peguana" subSpecies="laisonensis">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FE9BF6B70B51FD04" box="[270,530,738,763]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">M. peguana laisonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly smaller and has fewer segments and setae than
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FF4FF7500880FCE1" authority="peguana" box="[218,451,773,798]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="peguana" subSpecies="peguana">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FF4FF7500880FCE1" box="[218,451,773,798]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">M. peguana peguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(length:
<quantity id="3F369B71FFFBFFF5FDB2F7530BEFFCE1" box="[551,684,774,798]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="11.6" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" unit="mm" value="91.5" valueMax="116.0" valueMin="67.0">67–116 mm</quantity>
vs
<quantity id="3F369B71FFFBFFF5FD47F7530A24FCE1" box="[722,871,774,798]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.345" metricValueMax="1.54" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" unit="mm" value="134.5" valueMax="154.0" valueMin="115.0">115–154 mm</quantity>
; diameter:
<quantity id="3F369B71FFFBFFF5FC77F7530D27FCE1" box="[994,1124,774,798]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4.5 mm</quantity>
vs
<quantity id="3F369B71FFFBFFF5FF35F77C0864FCBE" box="[160,295,809,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" unit="mm" value="5.05" valueMax="5.9" valueMin="4.2">4.2–5.9 mm</quantity>
; segment number: 70–115 vs 112–125).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFBFFF5FF55F71E089FFB41" blockId="20.[160,1156,460,1491]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">
<bibRefCitation id="9C5F4B65FFFBFFF5FF55F71E088AFC9C" author="Sims RW &amp; Easton EG" box="[192,457,843,867]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" pagination="169 - 268" refId="ref11822" refString="Sims RW, Easton EG. 1972. A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biol J Linnean Soc. 4: 169 - 268." type="journal article" year="1972">Sims and Easton (1972)</bibRefCitation>
listed the
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FDD1F71F0A59FC9C" baseAuthorityName="Rosa" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[580,794,842,867]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="peguana">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FDD1F71F0A59FC9C" box="[580,794,842,867]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">Metaphire peguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group characterized by three pairs of spermathecal pores with the first pores at 6/7, and genital markings on 17/ 18 and 18/19. This group contains three species,
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FD56F7C50A90FC56" authority="(Rosa, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Rosa" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[707,979,912,937]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="peguana">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FD56F7C50A06FC56" box="[707,837,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">M. peguana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9C5F4B65FFFBFFF5FCC4F7C40A88FC56" author="Rosa D" box="[849,971,913,937]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" pagination="107 - 122" refId="ref11727" refString="Rosa D. 1890. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmanica e regioni vicini, XXVI. Perichaetidi. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria. 10: 107 - 122." type="journal article" year="1890">Rosa, 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FC4BF7C5099CFC34" authority="(Gates 1945)" baseAuthorityName="Gates" baseAuthorityYear="1945" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FC4BF7C50D75FC56" box="[990,1078,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">M. bahli</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9C5F4B65FFFBFFF5FBD7F7C40994FC34" author="Gates GE" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" pagination="69 - 90" refId="ref11208" refString="Gates GE. 1945. On some earthworms from Ceylon II. Spolia Zeylanica. 24: 69 - 90." type="journal article" year="1945">Gates 1945</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FE8AF7E70BC3FC34" authority="(Omodeo 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Omodeo" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[287,640,946,971]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saigonensis">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FE8AF7E70883FC34" box="[287,448,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">M. saigonensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9C5F4B65FFFBFFF5FE44F7E60B34FC34" author="Omodeo P" box="[465,631,947,971]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" pagination="321 - 336" refId="ref11637" refString="Omodeo P. 1957. Oligocheti dell' Indocina e del Mediterraneo Orientale. Memorie del Musceo Civico di Storia Naturale. 5: 321 - 336." type="journal article" year="1957">Omodeo 1957</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="9C5F4B65FFFBFFF5FD1AF7E60A44FC34" author="Thai TB" box="[655,775,947,971]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" refId="ref11907" refString="Thai TB 1983. Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic) [PhD dissertation in Zooglogy]. Russia: Lomonosov Moscow State University. Russian." type="book" year="1983">Thai (1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9C5F4B65FFFBFFF5FC82F7E60A0DFC34" author="Thai TB" box="[791,846,947,971]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" pagination="307 - 311" refId="ref11984" refString="Thai TB. 2000. Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House; p. 307 - 311." type="book chapter" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="9C5F4B65FFFBFFF5FC03F7E60DC7FC34" author="Nguyen TT &amp; Tran TTB &amp; Nguyen AD" box="[918,1156,947,971]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" pagination="105 - 121" refId="ref11592" refString="Nguyen TT, Tran TTB, Nguyen AD. 2014. Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta. Zootaxa. 3866: 105 - 121." type="journal article" year="2014">Nguyen et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
synomymized
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FEDDF78008AFFC11" baseAuthorityName="Omodeo" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[328,492,981,1006]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saigonensis">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FEDDF78008AFFC11" box="[328,492,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">M. saigonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FDA2F7800BD7FC11" baseAuthorityName="Gates" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[567,660,981,1006]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FDA2F7800BD7FC11" box="[567,660,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">M. bahli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of similarity in the male region. Although
<bibRefCitation id="9C5F4B65FFFBFFF5FE87F7AC0895FBEE" author="Blakemore RJ" box="[274,470,1017,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" pagination="9 - 30" refId="ref11129" refString="Blakemore RJ. 2016. Darwin' s earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea) with review of cosmopolitan Metaphire peguana - species group from Philippines. Opuscula Zoologica. 47: 9 - 30." type="journal article" year="2016">Blakemore (2016)</bibRefCitation>
re-validated the species
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FD67F7AD0AA6FBEE" baseAuthorityName="Omodeo" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[754,997,1016,1041]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saigonensis">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FD67F7AD0AA6FBEE" box="[754,997,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">Metaphire saigonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we still think it is a junior synonym. The difference between
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FD2CF04F0A14FBCC" baseAuthorityName="Omodeo" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[697,855,1050,1075]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saigonensis">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FD2CF04F0A14FBCC" box="[697,855,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">M. saigonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FC06F04F0AAFFBCC" baseAuthorityName="Gates" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[915,1004,1050,1075]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bahli">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FC06F04F0AAFFBCC" box="[915,1004,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">M. bahli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very slight based on ventral distance between male pores (&lt;0.2 versus 0.2). No more strong evidence supporting separation of these species is provided (
<tableCitation id="B54C032FFFFBFFF5FCE1F0340A88FB86" box="[884,971,1121,1145]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="22.[160,216,142,165]" captionText="Table 1. Character comparison among the Metaphire peguana species group." pageId="20" pageNumber="902">Table 1</tableCitation>
). However, it is unlikely to resolve this problem without
<typeStatus id="27758836FFFBFFF5FD1EF0D60BFEFB64" box="[651,701,1155,1179]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">type</typeStatus>
checking, and molecular data will be necessary to finally settle it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8713694FFFBFFF5FF55F09C0DC7FA2C" blockId="20.[160,1156,460,1491]" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">
Morphologically, members of the
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FDDFF09D0BE9FB1E" baseAuthorityName="Rosa" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[586,682,1224,1249]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="peguana">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FDDFF09D0BE9FB1E" box="[586,682,1224,1249]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">peguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group are similar to each other; they share similar characters, e.g. spermathecal pores in 6/7/8/9, two pairs of genital markings in xvii and xix, or 17/18 and 18/19, morphology of male region and spermathecal region. However, they are distinguished from each other by ventral distance between spermathecal pores, between male pores, shape of genital markings in male region, and origin of spermathecal diverticula ducts (
<tableCitation id="B54C032FFFFBFFF5FC87F1230A2BFA71" box="[786,872,1398,1422]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="22.[160,216,142,165]" captionText="Table 1. Character comparison among the Metaphire peguana species group." pageId="20" pageNumber="902">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Besides morphological data, molecular data, for example, mitochondrial genes (cytochrome
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FC3AF1CD0AF9FA4E" box="[943,954,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">c</emphasis>
oxidase subunit I or 16S rRNA) should be used to analyse the relationship of the
<taxonomicName id="3FCE4D17FFFBFFF5FCE2F1EF0A94FA2C" baseAuthorityName="Rosa" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[887,983,1466,1491]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="peguana">
<emphasis id="CABAEA86FFFBFFF5FCE2F1EF0A94FA2C" box="[887,983,1466,1491]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="902">peguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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