162 lines
17 KiB
XML
162 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9C16F22E7680E561891919C7BE85515C">Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 – 1904)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="675ED5A139B3947F5108B50B5D2CED0B">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="705B333B33651B43FF38A336FD89FE09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184163" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119407158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184163" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:705B333B33651B43FF38A336FD89FE09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/705B333B33651B43FF38A336FD89FE09" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633651B42FF38A336FE04F8A4" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33651B42FF38A336FDF3F9E1" blockId="12.[151,561,1549,1575]" box="[151,561,1549,1575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="A305354133651B42FF38A336FDF3F9E1" bold="true" box="[151,561,1549,1575]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33651B42FF38A336FDF3F9E1" authority="Prazak" authorityName="Prazak" box="[151,561,1549,1575]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="caeruleus" subSpecies="obscurus">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FF38A336FDF3F9E1" bold="true" box="[151,561,1549,1575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FF38A336FE0DF9E1" bold="true" box="[151,463,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Parus caeruleus obscurus</emphasis>
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Pražák
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33651B42FF38A36EFDBEF9AF" blockId="12.[151,636,1619,1642]" box="[151,636,1619,1642]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8E2A50333651B42FF38A36EFDBEF9AF" box="[151,636,1619,1642]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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[
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33651B42FF30A36EFE87F9AC" box="[159,325,1620,1642]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeruleus">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FF30A36EFE87F9AC" box="[159,325,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Parus caeruleus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FEFCA36FFE6CF9AC" box="[339,430,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">obscurus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="7953A43C33651B42FE1BA368FDB5F9AF" author="Prazak" box="[436,631,1619,1641]" page="246" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" year="1894">
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33651B42FE1BA368FD87F9AF" author="Prazak" box="[436,581,1619,1641]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1894 f) Einige Notizen uber die Kohl-, Hauben- und Blaumeisen. Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 5, 233 - 253." type="journal article" year="1894" yearSuffix="f">Pražák, 1894f</bibRefCitation>
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: 246
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33651B42FF38A3ADFCBCF914" blockId="12.[151,1436,1686,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FF38A3ADFF1AF969" bold="true" box="[151,216,1686,1711]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">NOW.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33651B42FF4DA3A3FD6CF968" authority="Prazak, 1894" authorityName="Prazak" authorityYear="1894" box="[226,686,1686,1711]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="caeruleus" subSpecies="obscurus">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FF4DA3A3FDC9F968" box="[226,523,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Parus caeruleus obscurus</emphasis>
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Pražák, 1894
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</taxonomicName>
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. See
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33651B42FD41A3ACFC4FF968" author="Hartert" box="[750,909,1686,1710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Hartert, E. (1905) Die Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna. Vol. 1 (Heft 3). R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin, pp. 241 - 384." type="journal article" year="1905">Hartert (1905</bibRefCitation>
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: 348, 1907b: 213),
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33651B42FBDDA3ADFA8FF968" author="Vaurie" box="[1138,1357,1686,1710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Vaurie, C. (1959) The birds of the Palearctic fauna. Passeriformes. H. F. & G. Witherby, London, xii + 762 pp." type="book" year="1959">Vaurie (1959: 502)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33651B42FAF3A3ADFED9F914" author="Snow" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Snow, D. W. (1967) Family Aegithalidae. In: Paynter, R. A., Jr. (Ed), Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MA, pp. 52 - 61." type="book" year="1967">Snow (1967: 114)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33651B42FE88A381FDE7F914" author="Dickinson" box="[295,549,1722,1746]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Dickinson, E. C. (2003) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 3 rd rev. ed. Christopher Helm, London, 1039 pp." type="book" year="2003">Dickinson (2003: 525)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33651B42FDF4A381FCFBF914" author="Dudley" box="[603,825,1722,1747]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Dudley, S. P., Gee, M., Kehoe, C., Melling, T. M. & The British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee (BOURC) (2006) The British List: a checklist of birds of Britain (7 th edition). Ibis, 148, 526 - 563." type="journal article" year="2006">
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Dudley
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FD1BA387FD24F915" box="[692,742,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
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. (2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 555).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33651B42FF6AA3E5FEAAF8DC" blockId="12.[151,1436,1686,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FF6AA3E5FEEEF931" bold="true" box="[197,300,1758,1783]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FF6AA3E5FEEAF931" box="[197,296,1758,1783]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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NHMW 10662, collector unknown, collected on
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<date id="8C4CA4ED33651B42FCFAA3E5FC15F930" box="[853,983,1758,1782]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" value="1887-07-02">2 July 1887</date>
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at Avington,
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33651B42FBC2A3E5FB0CF930" box="[1133,1230,1758,1782]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">England</collectingCountry>
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. Obtained from R. B. Sharpe in 1891.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33651B42FF6AA21DFE04F8A4" blockId="12.[151,1436,1686,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FF6AA21DFEEEF8F9" bold="true" box="[197,300,1830,1855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FF6AA21DFEEAF8F9" box="[197,296,1830,1855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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NHMW 10663, 3, collector and date unknown [= prior to 1892] at Avington,
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33651B42FB68A21DFAEAF8F8" box="[1223,1320,1830,1854]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">England</collectingCountry>
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. Obtained from R. B. Sharpe in 1891.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633651B43FF6AA254FD89FE09" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33651B42FF6AA254FF1AF834" blockId="12.[151,1436,1686,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FF6AA254FEFBF841" bold="true" box="[197,313,1903,1927]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33651B42FEEEA255FDE0F840" author="Prazak" box="[321,546,1902,1926]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1894 f) Einige Notizen uber die Kohl-, Hauben- und Blaumeisen. Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 5, 233 - 253." type="journal article" year="1894" yearSuffix="f">Pražák (1894f: 246)</bibRefCitation>
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stated that he studied “eine Reihe englischer Exemplare” (“a series of English specimens”), without designating the
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FDE3A2A9FD70F86C" box="[588,690,1938,1962]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. Only two relevant specimens were available to Pražák prior to 1895, which thus represent the
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FE56A28CFD99F809" box="[505,603,1975,1999]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33651B42FD2CA283FCE2F808" box="[643,800,1974,1999]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="caeruleus" subSpecies="obscurus">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FD2CA283FCE2F808" box="[643,800,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">P. c. obscurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. All other specimens may have existed only in Pražák’s mind.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33641B43FF6AA5ACFD89FE09" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FF6AA5ACFE69FF69" author="Prazak" box="[197,427,151,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1894 f) Einige Notizen uber die Kohl-, Hauben- und Blaumeisen. Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 5, 233 - 253." type="journal article" year="1894" yearSuffix="f">Pražák (1894f: 246)</bibRefCitation>
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did not specify the
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FD38A5A3FD05FF76" box="[663,711,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
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locality of
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33641B43FCFEA5A2FC33FF76" box="[849,1009,152,176]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="caeruleus" subSpecies="obscurus">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33641B43FCFEA5A2FC33FF76" box="[849,1009,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">P. c. obscurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but both
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FBC3A5A3FB0CFF76" box="[1132,1230,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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were collected at Avington,
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33641B43FEA3A587FEAFFF12" box="[268,365,188,212]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
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. R. Prÿs-Jones (in litt. 2010) observed that here are two villages of this name in
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33641B43FB43A587FA8EFF12" box="[1260,1356,188,212]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
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, one in Berkshire [
|
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<geoCoordinate id="9DC6E4EA33641B43FEBDA5E4FEB4FF31" box="[274,374,223,247]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" precision="555" value="51.4">51.40°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9DC6E4EA33641B43FE2EA5E4FE2AFF31" box="[385,488,223,247]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" precision="555" value="-1.47">01.47°W</geoCoordinate>
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] and the other in Hampshire [
|
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<geoCoordinate id="9DC6E4EA33641B43FC98A5E4FC59FF31" box="[823,923,223,247]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" precision="555" value="51.09">51.09°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9DC6E4EA33641B43FC09A5E4FBD3FF31" box="[934,1041,223,247]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" precision="555" value="-1.24">01.24°W</geoCoordinate>
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]. The Hampshire Avington was the seat of the English ornithologist George Ernest Shelley (1840–1910) and the place where Shelley and R. B. Sharpe collected many birds during
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<date id="8C4CA4ED33641B43FE7AA41CFD91FEF9" box="[469,595,295,319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" value="1871" valueMax="1886">1871–1886</date>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FDCEA41CFD31FEF9" author="Sharpe" box="[609,755,295,319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Sharpe, R. B. (1906) Birds. In: The History of the Collections Contained in the Natural History Departments of the British Museum. Vol. 2. British Museum, London, pp. 79 - 515." type="book" year="1906">Sharpe 1906</bibRefCitation>
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: 477; R. Prÿs-Jones, in litt. 2010). I agree with Prÿs-Jones (in litt. 2010) that it is thus “quite certain that the specimens came from Avington, Hampshire”. I thus restrict the
|
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FAC3A476FA5EFEA3" box="[1388,1436,333,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality to the latter place.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FE76A454FD0AFE41" author="Clancey" box="[473,712,367,391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Clancey, P. A. (1948) Type-localities of three British races of Paridae described by Prazak. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 68, 107 - 108." type="journal article" year="1948">Clancey (1948: 108)</bibRefCitation>
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||
erroneously believed that Pražák’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FBC0A44BFB68FE4E" box="[1135,1194,368,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">types</typeStatus>
|
||
did not survive and restricted the
|
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33641B43FE9EA4AEFEA3FE6B" box="[305,353,405,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality to the “Lake District,
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33641B43FD12A4AFFCDFFE6A" box="[701,797,404,428]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="58">England</collectingCountry>
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” (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FC36A4AFFBE4FE6A" author="Vaurie" box="[921,1062,404,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Vaurie, C. (1959) The birds of the Palearctic fauna. Passeriformes. H. F. & G. Witherby, London, xii + 762 pp." type="book" year="1959">Vaurie 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 502;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33641B43FBC3A4AFFB32FE6A" author="Snow" box="[1132,1264,404,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Snow, D. W. (1967) Family Aegithalidae. In: Paynter, R. A., Jr. (Ed), Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MA, pp. 52 - 61." type="book" year="1967">Snow 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 114), which is an invalid action (Art. 76 of the Code).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |