191 lines
20 KiB
XML
191 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="33732044E08A01726756833D1A0D1A5F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.202788" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37c1b93e-9c92-45e1-a140-5fe4810c5b16" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="202788" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460345280563" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mlíkovský, Jiří" docDate="2011" docId="705B333B33621B42FF38A214FD94FBC9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03005p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3005" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lophophanes cristatus subsp. scotica Prazak" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="8C624B4333691B4EFFAFA53BFFC2FFC6" masterDocTitle="Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 – 1904)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698261997212" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B8F468B62CBE95682553DF7C9A1F3B9C">Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 – 1904)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4A454FFCF5A75F84AEC98BE5EF838DC1">Mlíkovský, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="86CEED1B384F96A37B96BD33FC95460E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9994F1CD600178B534725CE552087271">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="E73664062CC5B07AEFF326542046F009" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.202788</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="705B333B33621B42FF38A214FD94FBC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184159" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119407167" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184159" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:705B333B33621B42FF38A214FD94FBC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/705B333B33621B42FF38A214FD94FBC9" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633621B42FF38A214FA93FE6A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33621B45FF38A214FDA6F88F" blockId="11.[151,612,1839,1865]" box="[151,612,1839,1865]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="A305354133621B45FF38A214FDA6F88F" bold="true" box="[151,612,1839,1865]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33621B45FF38A214FDA6F88F" authority="Prazak" authorityName="Prazak" box="[151,612,1839,1865]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Lophophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cristatus" subSpecies="scotica">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33621B45FF38A214FDA6F88F" bold="true" box="[151,612,1839,1865]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33621B45FF38A214FDC1F88F" bold="true" box="[151,515,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Lophophanes cristatus scotica</emphasis>
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Pražák
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33621B45FF38A24CFCCFF84A" blockId="11.[151,781,1910,1933]" box="[151,781,1910,1933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8E2A50333621B45FF38A24CFCCFF84A" box="[151,781,1910,1933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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[
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33621B45FF30A24CFE47F84B" ID-CoL="3W3VB" box="[159,389,1911,1933]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Lophophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33621B45FF30A24CFE47F84B" box="[159,389,1911,1933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Lophophanes cristatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33621B45FE3BA243FE1EF84B" box="[404,476,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">scotica</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="7953A43C33621B45FE4DA24DFD65F84A" author="Prazak" box="[482,679,1910,1932]" page="347" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" year="1897">
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33621B45FE4DA24DFDB7F84A" author="Prazak" box="[482,629,1910,1932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1897 e) Materialien zu einer Ornis Ost-Galiziens. Journal fur Ornithologie, 45, 225 - 348, 365 - 479." type="journal article" year="1897" yearSuffix="e">Pražák, 1897e</bibRefCitation>
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: 347
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</treatmentCitation>
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, footnote.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33621B45FF38A282FE56F833" blockId="11.[151,1435,1977,2037]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33621B45FF38A282FF1AF814" bold="true" box="[151,216,1977,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">NOW.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33621B45FF4EA281FD4DF817" authority="Prazak, 1898" authorityName="Prazak" authorityYear="1898" box="[225,655,1977,2001]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cristatus" subSpecies="scoticus">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33621B45FF4EA281FE32F817" box="[225,496,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Parus cristatus scoticus</emphasis>
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Pražák, 1898
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</taxonomicName>
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. See
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33621B45FD62A281FCA8F817" author="Hartert" box="[717,874,1977,2001]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Hartert, E. (1905) Die Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna. Vol. 1 (Heft 3). R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin, pp. 241 - 384." type="journal article" year="1905">Hartert (1905</bibRefCitation>
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: 365, 1907b: 215),
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33621B45FBE6A282FAEEF817" author="Dudley" box="[1097,1324,1977,2001]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Dudley, S. P., Gee, M., Kehoe, C., Melling, T. M. & The British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee (BOURC) (2006) The British List: a checklist of birds of Britain (7 th edition). Ibis, 148, 526 - 563." type="journal article" year="2006">
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Dudley
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33621B45FB0BA281FB1CF817" box="[1188,1246,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
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(2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 555) and
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33621B45FF38A2E5FE52F833" box="[151,400,2013,2037]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Forrester, R., Andrews, I., McInerny, C., Murray, R., McGowan, B., Zonfrillo, B., Betts, M., Jardine, D. & Grundy, D. (2007) The Birds of Scotland. Scottish Ornithologists' Club, Aberlady, xx + 1632 pp." type="book">
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Forrester
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33621B45FEACA2E5FEF9F833" box="[259,315,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
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(2007)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33651B42FF6AA5ACFD36FF31" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FF6AA5ACFEF2FF76" bold="true" box="[197,304,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FF6AA5ACFEF2FF76" box="[197,304,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(NMS.Z.1888.84.46): Three specimens from Robert Gray Collection; collected on unknown date and at unknown locality. Two of them (both labeled
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FD4EA586FCF9FF12" box="[737,827,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">scoticus</emphasis>
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) are still deposited at NMS, while one was donated to another museum in 1916 (B. McGowan, in litt. 2010).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33651B42FF6AA438FB00FEA2" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FF6AA438FEE4FEDA" bold="true" box="[197,294,259,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FF6AA438FEE4FEDA" box="[197,294,259,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(NMS.Z.1891.89.2): Specimen from William Evans, collected on
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<date id="8C4CA4ED33651B42FB88A43FFB1DFEDA" box="[1063,1247,260,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" value="1891-08-21">21 August 1891</date>
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at “Speyside [= Strathspey,
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33651B42FEB6A41CFEBCFEF9" box="[281,382,295,319]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Scotland</collectingCountry>
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, an area along the River Spey, centered at Grantown-on-Spey;
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<geoCoordinate id="9DC6E4EA33651B42FBEEA41CFB60FEF9" box="[1089,1186,295,319]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" precision="555" value="57.32">57.32°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9DC6E4EA33651B42FB02A41CFADAFEF9" box="[1197,1304,295,319]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" precision="555" value="-3.62">03.62°W</geoCoordinate>
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]. Not found in 2010; already not listed in a ledger book compiled around 1910 (B. McGowan, in litt. 2010).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33651B42FF6AA454FA93FE6A" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FF6AA454FEE4FE4E" bold="true" box="[197,294,367,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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||
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FF6AA454FEE4FE4E" box="[197,294,367,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(?): Specimen collected in
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<date id="8C4CA4ED33651B42FDF1A44BFD37FE41" box="[606,757,367,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" value="1897-01">
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January
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<quantity id="3F0A2FC833651B42FD12A454FD37FE41" box="[701,757,367,391]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.81838" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" unit="in" value="1897.0">1897</quantity>
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</date>
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in Rothiemurchus,
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33651B42FC79A454FBFAFE41" box="[982,1080,367,391]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Scotland</collectingCountry>
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[
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<geoCoordinate id="9DC6E4EA33651B42FBE9A454FB68FE41" box="[1094,1194,367,391]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" precision="555" value="57.13">57.13°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9DC6E4EA33651B42FB19A454FAE3FE41" box="[1206,1313,367,391]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" precision="555" value="-3.85">03.85°W</geoCoordinate>
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]. Not catalogued, exchanged to MRSN (B. McGowan, in litt. 2010), where it was not found in the 1980s (
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33651B42FB66A4AFFA86FE6A" author="Elter" box="[1225,1348,404,428]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Elter, O. (1986) La collezione ornitologica del Museo di Zoologia dell'Universit di Torino [The ornithological collection of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Torino]. Museo Regionale di Scuenze Naturali, Torino, 513 pp. [In Italian.]" type="book" year="1986">Elter 1986</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B0E8D1A633651B42FF6AA483FD94FBC9" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33651B42FF6AA483FBEBFCD2" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FF6AA483FEFBFE16" bold="true" box="[197,313,440,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33651B42FEEDA48CFD54FE09" author="Prazak" box="[322,662,439,463]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1897 e) Materialien zu einer Ornis Ost-Galiziens. Journal fur Ornithologie, 45, 225 - 348, 365 - 479." type="journal article" year="1897" yearSuffix="e">Pražák (1897e: 347, footnote)</bibRefCitation>
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said that he based this form on “die schottischen Exemplare” (“the Scottish specimens”), without explanation. The NHMW and VTH had no
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33651B42FC56A4E6FB64FE32" box="[1017,1190,477,500]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Parus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FC56A4E6FB64FE32" box="[1017,1190,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Parus cristatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33651B42FB5CA4E7FA97FE32" box="[1267,1365,476,500]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Scotland</collectingCountry>
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when Pražák studied tits there in
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<date id="8C4CA4ED33651B42FE7FA4C4FD90FDD1" box="[464,594,511,535]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" value="1893" valueMax="1895">1893–1895</date>
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. However,
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33651B42FD7BA4C4FBE5FDD1" author="Prazak" box="[724,1063,511,535]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1897 e) Materialien zu einer Ornis Ost-Galiziens. Journal fur Ornithologie, 45, 225 - 348, 365 - 479." type="journal article" year="1897" yearSuffix="e">Pražák (1897e: 347, footnote)</bibRefCitation>
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added the description of
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FAE3A73AFA59FDDE" box="[1356,1435,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">scotica</emphasis>
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during proofreading of the second part of his forthcoming treatise of the birds of Austrian East Galicia (published in the July issue of
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FED9A773FD4CFDA6" box="[374,654,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Journal für Ornithologie</emphasis>
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), when he worked in Edinburgh,
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33651B42FBA1A77CFBB6FD99" box="[1038,1140,583,607]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Scotland</collectingCountry>
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. It is thus highly probable that Pražák based his
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FE28A756FE14FD42" box="[391,470,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">scotica</emphasis>
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on specimens he examined in NMS, where the five specimens listed above could have been at his disposal (B. McGowan, in litt. 2010). Of these, four specimens were catalogued and Pražák may well have seen them. However, the Rothiemurchus specimen was not catalogued and it is thus uncertain whether Pražák examined it. Thus, I consider the three Gray specimens and the Evans specimen as
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FBEDA7E3FB66FD36" box="[1090,1188,728,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
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of
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<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33651B42FB65A7E3FE73FCD2" authority="Prazak. The" authorityName="Prazak. The" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Lophophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cristatus" subSpecies="scotica">
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<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FB65A7E3FEE1FCD2" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Lophophanes cristatus scotica</emphasis>
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Pražák. The
|
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FE18A7C6FE25FCD3" box="[439,487,765,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
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status of the Rothiemurchus specimen is uncertain.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F84D822D33651B42FF6AA624FD94FBC9" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33651B42FF6AA624FDE2FCF1" author="Prazak" box="[197,544,799,823]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Prazak, J. P. (1898 a) Materialien zu einer Ornis Ost-Galiziens [Fortsetzung]. Journal fur Ornithologie, 46, 149 - 226, 317 - 376." type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="a">Pražák (1898a: 347, footnote)</bibRefCitation>
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spoke about “Scottish” specimens, which makes
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<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33651B42FBC3A624FB0CFCF1" box="[1132,1230,799,823]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Scotland</collectingCountry>
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the
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FAA8A61AFAF5FCFF" box="[1287,1335,801,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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<bibRefCitation id="9C63FFDC33651B42FF38A67FFE41FC9A" author="Clancey" box="[151,387,836,860]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Clancey, P. A. (1948) Type-localities of three British races of Paridae described by Prazak. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 68, 107 - 108." type="journal article" year="1948">Clancey (1948: 108)</bibRefCitation>
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restricted the
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<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FD83A67EFD9EFC9B" box="[556,604,837,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
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locality to “Strath Spey,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33651B42FC2BA67FFC2EFC9A" box="[900,1004,836,860]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
”. None of the four
|
||
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FB7FA67EFAF0FC9B" box="[1232,1330,837,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
bears an exact locality. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33651B42FE16A653FC4EFCB9" authority="Prazak" authorityName="Prazak" box="[441,908,871,896]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Lophophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cristatus" subSpecies="scoticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FE16A653FCE3FC46" box="[441,801,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Lophophanes cristatus scoticus</emphasis>
|
||
(Pražák)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a range-restricted subspecies whose range includes the region of Strathspey,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80E5C2BD33651B42FD8BA6B7FD4EFC62" box="[548,652,908,932]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
”. Nevertheless, there is nothing in Pražák’s writings and nothing in NMS files (B. McGowan, in litt. 2010) that would allow restriction of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FC4DA68AFBD0FC0F" box="[994,1042,945,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of this form to Strathspey. Clancey’s (1948) restriction is thus invalid and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="27493C8F33651B42FD7DA6EEFCC0FC2B" box="[722,770,981,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FF2F9AE33651B42FC2DA6EFFAEBFC2A" authority="Prazak" authorityName="Prazak" box="[898,1321,980,1004]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" genus="Lophophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cristatus" subSpecies="scotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA865E3F33651B42FC2DA6EFFB14FC2A" box="[898,1238,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Lophophanes cristatus scotica</emphasis>
|
||
Pražák
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
continues to be the whole range of the subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |