218 lines
16 KiB
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218 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" ID-PMC="PMC8930920" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-10-e76050" ID-Pensoft-UUID="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" ID-PubMed="35437414" ModsDocID="1314-2828-10-e76050" checkinTime="1647039089382" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Simon, Andrew D. F., Adamczyk, Emily M., Basman, Antranig, Chu, Jackson W. F., Gartner, Heidi N., Fletcher, Karin, Gibbs, Charles J., Gibbs, Donna M., Gilmore, Scott R., Harbo, Rick M., Harris, Leslie H., Humphrey, Elaine, Lamb, Andy, Lambert, Philip, McDaniel, Neil, Scott, Jessica & Starzomski, Brian M." docDate="2022" docId="6D0CB7846C9651CEA2392C4C3FD7E187" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 10: e76050" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 10" docPubDate="2022-03-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" docTitle="Myxicola Stephen 1964" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" lastPageNumber="76050" masterDocId="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" masterDocTitle="Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology" masterLastPageNumber="76050" masterPageNumber="76050" pageNumber="76050" updateTime="1668121969866" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Simon, Andrew D. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-8974</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">adfsimon@imerss.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Adamczyk, Emily M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Basman, Antranig</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chu, Jackson W. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-9446</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gartner, Heidi N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fletcher, Karin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Port Orchard 98366, Port Orchard, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gibbs, Charles J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gibbs, Donna M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gilmore, Scott R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>7494 Andrea Cres, Lantzville, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harbo, Rick M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harris, Leslie H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Humphrey, Elaine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lamb, Andy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lambert, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>McDaniel, Neil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>McDaniel Photography, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scott, Jessica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ocean Wise, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Starzomski, Brian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-03-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>76050</mods:start>
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<mods:end>76050</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-10-e76050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0CB7846C9651CEA2392C4C3FD7E187" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D0CB7846C9651CEA2392C4C3FD7E187" lastPageNumber="76050" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<taxonomicName LSID="6D0CB784-6C96-51CE-A239-2C4C3FD7E187" authority="Stephen, 1964" authorityName="Stephen" authorityYear="1964" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="phylum">Sipuncula Stephen, 1964</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Notes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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[
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">1 class: 1 order: 1 family: 1 genus: 1 species</emphasis>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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'
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="phylum">Sipuncula</taxonomicName>
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' is the Modern Latin plural form of the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Aspidosiphonidae" genus="Sipunculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sipunculus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Sipunculus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, based on the Latin 'siphunculus', meaning "small tube."
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="phylum">Sipuncula</taxonomicName>
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(peanut worms) are a small phylum of bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented marine worms, represented by 150 species worldwide (
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Cetacean Research and Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6696482" refString="Board WoRMS Editorial World Register of Marine Species https://www.marinespecies.org 2021-01-12T00:00:00+02:00" year="2007">WoRMS Editorial Board 2021</bibRefCitation>
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)-though a certain amount of cryptic diversity is understood to remain hidden in the phylum (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hsu, Te-Hua" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="596 - 606" refId="B6744829" refString="Hsu, Te-Hua, Ning, Yue, Gwo, Jin-Chywan, Zeng, Zhi-Nan, 2013. DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity in the peanut worm Sipunculus nudus. Molecular Ecology Resources 13 (4): 596 - 606" title="DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity in the peanut worm Sipunculus nudus" volume="13" year="2013">Hsu et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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). Based on molecular evidence,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="phylum">Sipuncula</taxonomicName>
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are now considered to be nested within the phylum
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Annelida" rank="phylum">Annelida</taxonomicName>
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along with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Echiura" rank="phylum">Echiura</taxonomicName>
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(spoon worms) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Boyle, Michael" journalOrPublisher="The International Journal of Developmental Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="485 - 499" refId="B6744838" refString="Boyle, Michael, Rice, Mary, 2014. Sipuncula: an emerging model of spiralian development and evolution. The International Journal of Developmental Biology 58: 485 - 499" title="Sipuncula: an emerging model of spiralian development and evolution" volume="58" year="2014">Boyle and Rice 2014</bibRefCitation>
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), yet are here treated as a separate phylum. Eight species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="phylum">Sipuncula</taxonomicName>
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are known to the Northeast Pacific (
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<bibRefCitation author="Carlton, JT" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662886" refString="Carlton, JT, 2007. The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. University of California Press, Berkeley" title="The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon" year="2007">Carlton 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), of which one,
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<taxonomicName authority="vulgaris" class="Sipunculidea" family="Golfingiidae" genus="Golfingia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Golfingia (Golfingia) vulgaris subsp. vulgaris" order="Golfingiiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Golfingia" subSpecies="vulgaris">Golfingia (Golfingia) vulgaris vulgaris</taxonomicName>
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(de Blainville, 1827) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F6668467" captionText="Figure 12. Golfingia vulgaris (brown peanut worm) - Photograph by Bernard P. Hanby." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/503129" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">12</figureCitation>
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), is reported for Galiano Island.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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Due to their burrowing habit, sipunculids are obscure organisms easily overlooked by divers and casual beachcombers. Some
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lankester" authorityYear="1885" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="phylum">Sipuncula</taxonomicName>
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inhabit rock crevices or similar protected areas, while others are found in sand or mud. With additional search effort, other taxa likely to be uncovered in the waters around Galiano Island include
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Keferstein" authorityYear="1866" class="Phascolosomatidea" family="Phascolosomatidae" genus="Phascolosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) agassizii" order="Phascolosomatiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Sipuncula" rank="species" species="agassizii" subGenus="Phascolosoma">Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) agassizii</taxonomicName>
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Keferstein, 1866 and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Ostracoda" family="Themistidae" genus="Themiste" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Themiste (Themiste) pyroides" order="Golfingiiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyroides" subGenus="Themiste">Themiste (Themiste) pyroides</taxonomicName>
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(Chamberlin, 1919). Identification relies on features of the tentacles which tend to be drawn into the body when contracted, hence the common name "peanut worms." Regional references to the sipunculids can be found in
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<bibRefCitation author="Kozloff, E. N." journalOrPublisher="University of Washington Press, Seattle" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662860" refString="Kozloff, E. N., 1996. Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle" title="Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest" year="1996">Kozloff (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lamb, A." journalOrPublisher="Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662869" refString="Lamb, A., Hanby, B. P., 2005. Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes. Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" title="Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes" year="2005">Lamb and Hanby (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Carlton, JT" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662886" refString="Carlton, JT, 2007. The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. University of California Press, Berkeley" title="The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon" year="2007">Carlton (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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. For annotated records of sipunculids reported for Galiano Island, see supplementary materials (Suppl. material 10).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |