Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology
Author
Simon, Andrew D. F.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-8974
Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada
adfsimon@imerss.org
Author
Adamczyk, Emily M.
Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Author
Basman, Antranig
Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada
Author
Chu, Jackson W. F.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-9446
University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
Author
Gartner, Heidi N.
Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada
Author
Fletcher, Karin
Port Orchard 98366, Port Orchard, United States of America
Author
Gibbs, Charles J.
Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada
Author
Gibbs, Donna M.
Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada
Author
Gilmore, Scott R.
7494 Andrea Cres, Lantzville, Canada
Author
Harbo, Rick M.
Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada
Author
Harris, Leslie H.
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, United States of America
Author
Humphrey, Elaine
Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
Author
Lamb, Andy
Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada
Author
Lambert, Philip
Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada
Author
McDaniel, Neil
McDaniel Photography, Vancouver, Canada
Author
Scott, Jessica
Ocean Wise, Vancouver, Canada
Author
Starzomski, Brian M.
University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
text
Biodiversity Data Journal
2022
2022-03-10
10
76050
76050
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050
1314-2828-10-e76050
440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5
Sipuncula Stephen, 1964
Notes
[
1 class: 1 order: 1 family: 1 genus: 1 species
]
'
Sipuncula
' is the Modern Latin plural form of the genus
Sipunculus
, based on the Latin 'siphunculus', meaning "small tube."
Sipuncula
(peanut worms) are a small phylum of bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented marine worms, represented by 150 species worldwide (
WoRMS Editorial Board 2021
)-though a certain amount of cryptic diversity is understood to remain hidden in the phylum (
Hsu et al. 2013
). Based on molecular evidence,
Sipuncula
are now considered to be nested within the phylum
Annelida
along with
Echiura
(spoon worms) (
Boyle and Rice 2014
), yet are here treated as a separate phylum. Eight species of
Sipuncula
are known to the Northeast Pacific (
Carlton 2007
), of which one,
Golfingia (Golfingia) vulgaris vulgaris
(de Blainville, 1827) (Fig.
12
), is reported for Galiano Island.
Due to their burrowing habit, sipunculids are obscure organisms easily overlooked by divers and casual beachcombers. Some
Sipuncula
inhabit rock crevices or similar protected areas, while others are found in sand or mud. With additional search effort, other taxa likely to be uncovered in the waters around Galiano Island include
Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) agassizii
Keferstein, 1866 and
Themiste (Themiste) pyroides
(Chamberlin, 1919). Identification relies on features of the tentacles which tend to be drawn into the body when contracted, hence the common name "peanut worms." Regional references to the sipunculids can be found in
Kozloff (1996)
,
Lamb and Hanby (2005)
and
Carlton (2007)
. For annotated records of sipunculids reported for Galiano Island, see supplementary materials (Suppl. material 10).