149 lines
13 KiB
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149 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.414.7730" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cb8d0204-611a-422a-aa48-8df83b866c0e" ID-PMC="PMC4086051" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-414-67" ID-PubMed="25009417" ID-ZBK="59FA288634C24AEF97833347E5EBC702" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-414-67" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 414" ModsDocTitle="Integrative revision of the giant pill-millipede genus Sphaeromimus from Madagascar, with the description of seven new species (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)" checkinTime="1451245810054" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wesener, Thomas, Le, Daniel Minh-Tu & Loria, Stephanie F." docDate="2014" docId="6218C6F4DD1E56A97B6BC5A7D3183A72" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 414: 67-107" docOrigin="ZooKeys 414" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.414.7730" docTitle="Sphaeromimus titanus Wesener, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="A178FBE5-A0FD-43BF-B244-5FF116D8C720" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="EC57FFBDFF96FFC30820FFD0FFBE376C" masterDocTitle="Integrative revision of the giant pill-millipede genus Sphaeromimus from Madagascar, with the description of seven new species (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1668158604182" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Integrative revision of the giant pill-millipede genus Sphaeromimus from Madagascar, with the description of seven new species (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wesener, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Le, Daniel Minh-Tu</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Loria, Stephanie F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>414</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>67</mods:start>
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<mods:end>107</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.414.7730</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.414.7730</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-414-67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">59FA288634C24AEF97833347E5EBC702</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">59FA288634C24AEF97833347E5EBC702</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053382" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A178FBE5-A0FD-43BF-B244-5FF116D8C720" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6218C6F4DD1E56A97B6BC5A7D3183A72" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/A178FBE5-A0FD-43BF-B244-5FF116D8C720" authority="Wesener" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus titanus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="9" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titanus">Sphaeromimus titanus Wesener</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="9" pageNumber="76">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 2-4, 5A
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="76" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">
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Type material. Holotype: 1 ♂, BLF13962 (CASENT 9032789), Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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Speciale Manombo, 24.5 km 228°SW Farafangana,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-23.015833">23°00'57"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="47.71889">047°43'08"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 30 m, rainforest, coll. Brian L. Fisher et al., 20.iv.2006, general collecting.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Paratype. 1 ♀, same data as holotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">
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By far the largest known
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="9" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphaeromimus</taxonomicName>
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,>30 mm. Differing from all other
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="9" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphaeromimus</taxonomicName>
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with three stridulation ribs on the male harp in the following characters: large size; first stigma-carrying plate with a well-rounded projecting apex; tarsus with few hairs, relatively slender, 4.5 times longer than wide; endotergum with single regular row of long setae that barely protrude up to posterior margin; chela of posterior telopod in posterior view almost glabrous, movable finger straight.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="9" pageNumber="76" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Measurements. Male holotype: 33.5 long, 16.6 (2nd), 17.2 (8th) wide, 9.2 (2nd), 11.1 (9th - highest) height. Female: 46.9 mm long, 24.15 mm (2nd), 27.4 (8th - widest) wide, 13.1 (2nd), 19.5 mm (12th, highest) high (Fig. 2A).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="76">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus titanus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="9" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titanus">Sphaeromimus titanus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., A, I female paratype
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–H">B-H</normalizedToken>
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holotype A habitus B first right stigmatic plate and coxa 1 C: left leg 9 D left coxa 2 with gonopore and stigmatic plate 2 E left anterior telopod, anterior view ♀ left anterior telopod, mesal view G left anterior telopod, posterior view H left anterior telopod, lateral view I coxae and prefemora 2 with vulvae. Abbreviations: Cx = coxa; O = operculum; Pre = prefemur; St = stigmatic plate. Scale bars = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Colouration of tergites dark brown with black posterior margin. Paratergite impressions and groove of thoracic shield orange. Legs, antennae and pleurites orange, head and collum dark brownish-black, eyes green.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Head: Eyes with>70 ocelli. Antennae short, protruding back to coxa 6. Antennomeres 1-4 with few longer setae, 5 and 6 densely pubescent (Fig. 4A). Antennomere 6 towards disc with single row of sensilla basiconica (Fig. 4A). Female with 36/45, male with 79/81 apical cones (Fig. 4B). Mouthparts not dissected.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Collum glabrous except few setae at margins.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Thoracic shield smooth and glabrous, few setae in grooves. Grooves deep (Fig. 2A). Tergites 3-12 smooth, paratergite tips of midbody tergites strongly projecting posteriorly (Fig. 2A).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Anal shield massive, with a steep edge (Fig. 2A), lacking pubescent area.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Endotergum inner section with numerous short triangular spines and long setae (Fig. 5A). Between ridge and inner area two rows of weakly impressed, circular cuticular impressions. Externally single, sparse row of marginal bristles (Fig. 5A). Bristles short, barely reaching to tergite margin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="77" start="start">First</pageBreakToken>
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stigma-carrying plate with a well-rounded projecting apex (Fig. 2B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Leg 1 with 2 or 3, 2 with 4-6, 3 with 10 ventral spines. Leg pairs 4-21 with 11-14 ventral spines. Coxa process strongly developed (Fig. 2C). Femur 2.1, tarsus 4.4 times longer than wide. All podomeres with only few setae (Fig. 2C).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Male gonopore typical for the genus (Fig. 2D).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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Anterior telopod (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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): Harp carrying three stridulation ribs (Fig. 2E). Shape usual for the genus, telopoditomere 4 with one large triangular spine and 2 or 3 smaller ones (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
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), apically with a weakly sclerotized spot (Fig. 2H).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Posterior telopod (Fig. 3A, B): Podomere 3 straight, 3.3 times longer than wide, slightly longer than immovable finger (Fig. 3A). Hollowed-out inner margin with one lobe and three sclerotized spines, posterior aspect with ca. 24 small crenulated teeth. Immovable finger basally wide, apically tapering, weakly curved towards podomere 3. Podomere 1 with few setae (Fig. 3A), podomere 2 only with few setae at anterior side, posterior side glabrous (Fig. 3B). Podomere 3 with only few marginal setae.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus titanus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titanus">Sphaeromimus titanus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., C female paratype, A, B holotype A left posterior telopod, anterior view B left posterior telopod, posterior view C female subanal plate with washboard. Scale bars = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus titanus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titanus">Sphaeromimus titanus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, SEM, left antenna. A lateral view B detail of disc with apical cones.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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Figure 5. SEM, Endoterga of mid-body tergite. A
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus titanus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titanus">Sphaeromimus titanus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype B
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus vatovavy" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vatovavy">Sphaeromimus vatovavy</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype. Abbreviations: (1) = inner area with large spines and long setae; (2) = area with cuticular patterns; (3) = outer area with row(s) of marginal bristles and tergite margin.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Female sexual characters: Vulva massive. Operculum well-rounded, protruding up to basal half of prefemur (Fig. 2I). Subanal shield massive, with shallow invagination at apical margin. Washboard with seven stridulation ribs on each side (Fig. 3C).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘titanus’">'titanus'</normalizedToken>
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, adjective, referring to the large size of the species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Only known from the eastern lowland rainforest of Manombo, which is now isolated by vast areas of pseudosteppe from all other remaining rainforests.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |