247 lines
33 KiB
XML
247 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="102204" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.83671" ID-GBIF-Dataset="50f742cf-1494-4b50-a985-1152f3411aa8" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-305" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9BD32E16AD7354B598BD1D030B9F3881" ID-ZooBank="10FA5741370A4ABFA43298A2DE65BCE3" ModsDocID="1860-0743-98-2-305" checkinTime="1658439244261" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lucena, Ruda Amorim & Lindsey Christoffersen, Martin" docDate="2022" docId="54C73BCDA3B851C8AA70A512DFC0B9C5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 98(2): 305-312" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (2)" docPubDate="2022-07-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.83671" docTitle="Colossendeis megalonyx Hoek 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="9BD32E16AD7354B598BD1D030B9F3881" lastPageNumber="305" masterDocId="9BD32E16AD7354B598BD1D030B9F3881" masterDocTitle="Pycnogonida (Arthropoda) from Museu de Ciencias Naturais, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="312" masterPageNumber="305" pageNumber="305" updateTime="1732802904206" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="7BD10AE780AE3EE3DCF7E47C89093AA6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E3C7528882C27CFC7AC6367437DD4AAA">
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<mods:title id="EE2D216A3E7AA3BEA666F5E1040CCACE">Pycnogonida (Arthropoda) from Museu de Ciencias Naturais, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B2DDE43EE16747BE52B5D50A910A5E7C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EB76E84DA5FB8FF87BC88C91DA1EDB3C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5F1A72B0BD74C3A0616BA10A625AE0FF">Lucena, Ruda Amorim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="915B1C56AD584E9BE81641FAFA0C98E5" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4206-0357</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="90D82C119D5FFEE568019759E3F8708C">Graduate Program in Biological Sciences- Zoology, Federal University of Paraiba, University Campus, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, CEP: 58051 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7056C8C96FA5462681B79589D217C942" type="email">rudalucena15@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B37EBC594C81855FDE292D852D7983FD" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6E9C2B57D0984D3C3492A96828A5090E">Lindsey Christoffersen, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D92EC3C99722F7965CA0803E1C8E1275" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-1938</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="9064BD465375BEB805B02127333A5372">Graduate Program in Biological Sciences- Zoology, Federal University of Paraiba, University Campus, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, CEP: 58051 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F7D147B694A5115882A8665D05D8B5EF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D3190FA2C435E7B404C384BB8E12D4DB">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="FB7B2CAF372FFB767F3A7B94D542ED86">
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<mods:date id="EFD16F096DD5D4F29AD8D8139684AB5A">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AA989E0EAFFCCC07B4DF21EFA0B6A041">2022-07-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1D2B1748FE2BF7BCC3902B8E6C242C9E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="65E47E304DF297872688F535EB7F840F">98</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="540B92261797277DA391512884275E49" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="44947E69999AB96C985D6CECBFAE76CF">2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="5693ACAA75DBE97D729D10236AB273DE" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="E00B42056202F9A016514DC13BA8DCE2">305</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="EACE393BC7198C888317BD1C5BB30CEC">312</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="055BDC23EA9AFA679188D37E8DF162E1">
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<mods:url id="7FF6D5AA817FA2B3F203A2141BDCAE60">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.83671</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="426434EC5C0DEF96AE670F7B1F99FD93">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C2FC81232F54F8E1509B9F3C3F677D69" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.83671</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4C076D845FC1D59E77EEFCFC6F8412F7" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-305</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A897D3531621B49817A4CC2FDA31B1EB" type="ZooBank">10FA5741370A4ABFA43298A2DE65BCE3</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="54C73BCDA3B851C8AA70A512DFC0B9C5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197838547" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54C73BCDA3B851C8AA70A512DFC0B9C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/54C73BCDA3B851C8AA70A512DFC0B9C5" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" scope_class="Pycnogonida" scope_family="Ascorhynchidae" scope_phylum="Arthropoda">
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<subSubSection id="8B5CE9FFF15D5CF8E317EA5444015A3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="840CD214164430DB58D211F76BDAC547" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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<taxonomicName id="02AA91565671BDD0F94C4B81A1521F2F" ID-CoL="X89M" LSID="54C73BCD-A3B8-51C8-AA70-A512DFC0B9C5" authority="Hoek, 1881" authorityName="Hoek" authorityYear="1881" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colossendeis megalonyx" order="Pantopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megalonyx">Colossendeis megalonyx Hoek, 1881</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="83BCD8BFDE2863B1625D9135678BE707" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4DEC0A87631625B975340535D84BDCAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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<figureCitation id="E813A00A61FB26192B98CAB2DDBF144E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Colossendeis megalonyx (FZB. Pyc- 002), female. A. Dorsal view; B. Distal articles of palp; C. Distal articles of oviger; D. Tarsus and propodus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83671.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/717679" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D4AA0344B9D0E1E7C11937EA4B14C93D" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4335C87E8FCE42583E63B237741B30E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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<taxonomicName id="10C1840D77AA7DBF4232A6B8D8236D41" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1907" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colossendeis frigida" order="Pantopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">Colossendeis frigida</taxonomicName>
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Hodgson, 1902: 63.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26B0D80AA0A0574FC2F15E52FCB14A28" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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<taxonomicName id="B28DE856BEDD13979F14B02EF357218B" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1907" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colossendeis rugosa" order="Pantopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">Colossendeis rugosa</taxonomicName>
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Hodgson, 1907: 64, pl. IX, fig. 3, pl. X, figs 5, 6.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="05341863CA67B57D20E4800F9EB0CBCB" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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<taxonomicName id="7A4893C1979A8173E603345AE26FD070" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1909" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colossendeis orcadense" order="Pantopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orcadense">Colossendeis orcadense</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation id="3EF89907281BC200B092B8767720B9D0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015659" author="Hodgson, TV" journalOrPublisher="Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" refId="B28" refString="Hodgson, TV, 1908. The Pycnogonida of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 46(1/6): 159-188. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015659" title="The Pycnogonida of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 46 (1 / 6): 159 - 188." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015659" year="1908">Hodgson 1908</bibRefCitation>
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: 184.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE2C6CAC9AC3FB89876D8DD506E12016" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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<taxonomicName id="74F3B57EFC8BD7098D45924EEFFA3B0E" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1932" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colossendeis scoresbii" order="Pantopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scoresbii">Colossendeis scoresbii</taxonomicName>
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Gordon, 1932: 18-21, figs 5c, 6b, c, 7a, b.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7862E3E894EF6BD1E232C6EE722840AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="51EFBC7DC8139D67D6C699F604B83E85" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0DCC9B858FC282E5DF9449A77D23936A" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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(FZB.Pyc-002)
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<materialsCitation id="8B647C127B8851B9B9DDFF5E98C59786" collectingDate="1964-07-08" location="South Atlantic" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
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<specimenCount id="FF30550DA95E93D402BBBAA9AD0FAFE5" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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,
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<location id="495A0886331A2EBCC06B3AA101B1AE42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54C73BCDA3B851C8AA70A512DFC0B9C5:495A0886331A2EBCC06B3AA101B1AE42" name="South Atlantic">South Atlantic</location>
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,
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<collectingDate id="10FDFA5AEAA6D05F1EAD028823512FB3" value="1964-07-08">July 8, 1964</collectingDate>
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; (FZB.Pyc-004)
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="1C052A46945B9315C3DDC3DF215629F5" collectingDate="1961-05" collectorName="L. R. Pontes" country="Argentina" latitude="-38.366665" location="Mar del Plata" longLatPrecision="1175" longitude="-55.616665" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5">
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<specimenCount id="D409D6411B3E6230E2B51FCF5177ED06" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
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, off
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<location id="A7008559CCCDE2338FCBB2F39F432B60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54C73BCDA3B851C8AA70A512DFC0B9C5:A7008559CCCDE2338FCBB2F39F432B60" country="Argentina" latitude="-38.366665" longLatPrecision="1175" longitude="-55.616665" name="Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="DED8914B325F97E7634E3B84774995D2" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="11459A94279931C686EB8D5E963A570A" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-38.366665">38°22'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9244CBF5EB6A1CA551AC0E844C46CD40" degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-55.616665">55°37'W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingDate id="74F7F4DE564EB5D072AFAE4136F1A5C6" value="1961-05">May 1961</collectingDate>
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, col.
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<collectorName id="35074231E3B98666E410C7FE357409EF">L.R. Pontes</collectorName>
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; (FZB.Pyc-005)
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="7D2ED369FD6F8B0F2A472B0144D6E62B" collectingDate="1961-03" country="Uruguay" location="Uruguay" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
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<specimenCount id="D19FF57C153D42BAEEF042BF048FD2B9" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F8FB8EA663B94208A832AD38214C6702" name="Uruguay">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingDate id="181BA0E96357EEAB28EA7D9F194883D3" value="1961-03">Mar1961</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="81C14A241EF0C3BD4995425A95C3C020" doi="10.3897/zse.98.83671.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/717679" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph id="FEECCBEF4623FCD2D7A26A7CAE8E19D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis id="76BF993B3BD6B747918C2974626E5692" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="547D5523E27ED1688884C9C0590274FC" authorityName="Hoek" authorityYear="1881" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colossendeis megalonyx" order="Pantopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megalonyx">
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<emphasis id="AC15FFB3A06DB563FD7F5827F5C08089" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Colossendeis megalonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(FZB.Pyc-002), female.
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<emphasis id="893FFC63B0453F6CACA44CF2260346F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">A.</emphasis>
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Dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="D263AF02D3F16993BB13373B0BEDA4ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">B.</emphasis>
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Distal articles of palp;
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<emphasis id="A86C2DC18C4F40315C1F2A3AB3D84405" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">C.</emphasis>
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Distal articles of oviger;
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<emphasis id="790E03C2B2891F9BB8B78DFDFF3EA349" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">D.</emphasis>
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Tarsus and propodus.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A9AC109993195D9DE5F8521ED0256C3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="EB66CE653CEB343C6A04B6871AFF2A10" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="099AE7E64F10BE2F4A8A7C61960FC53B" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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Circumpolar. Antarctic, Western South America and up to Buenos Aires (Argentina), South Africa, Madagascar, New Zealand, Eastern South America (
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<bibRefCitation id="5CF19B14E0F4D7160F5309252F566C0C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069" author="Child, CA" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="69 - 111" refId="B9" refString="Child, CA, 1995a. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV. Antarctic Research Series 69: 69 - 111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV." url="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069" volume="69" year="1995 a">Child 1995a</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="6F5CB9FBED4828C069406F51C2783C1F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410200800151X" author="Munilla, T" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="99 - 111" refId="B45" refString="Munilla, T, Soler-Membrives, A, 2009. Check-list of the pycnogonids from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters: Zoogeographic implications. Antarctic Science 21 (2): 99 - 111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410200800151X" title="Check-list of the pycnogonids from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters: Zoogeographic implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410200800151X" volume="21" year="2009">Munilla and Soler-Membrives 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="C7A9D8BABC0ECE04FC85A135A003D3EA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4550.2.2" author="Scarabino, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="185 - 200" refId="B48" refString="Scarabino, F, Lucena, RA, Munilla, T, Soler-Membrives, A, Ortega, L, Schwindt, E, Lopez, G, Orensanz, JM, Christoffersen, ML, 2019. Pycnogonida (Arthropoda) from Uruguayan waters (Southwest Atlantic): Annotated checklist and biogeographic considerations. Zootaxa 4550 (2): 185 - 200, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4550.2.2" title="Pycnogonida (Arthropoda) from Uruguayan waters (Southwest Atlantic): Annotated checklist and biogeographic considerations." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4550.2.2" volume="4550" year="2019">Scarabino et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). This is the first record for Uruguayan waters.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="458A5D002486BAF823294BCC5811EEC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" type="depth">
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<paragraph id="F135B06523DB898F5AFDF8B4E2395111" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Depth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A3FFCC7331D160F278A11F95AD319582" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">7 to 4900 m in depth.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="798EB43AF0E36D09A743C0A158B2DF83" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="8B8E34CC537DC318B32BFAFEDC6B125D" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="140072FB144B9F631B4DD331A712EF9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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<taxonomicName id="4B983D264188F9B476665CD4D58392D0" authorityName="Hoek" authorityYear="1881" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colossendeis megalonyx" order="Pantopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megalonyx">
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<emphasis id="B494622C6BC79F31EC6606EBD0F46AA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Colossendeis megalonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a very variable species (
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<bibRefCitation id="660B508EA8C013E34FC37CEB5E6E9E53" author="Fry, WG" journalOrPublisher="Memoir of New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 139" refId="B21" refString="Fry, WG, Hedgpeth, JW, 1969. Pycnogonida, 1. Colossendeidae, Pycnogonidae, Endeidae, Ammotheidae. Fauna of the Ross Sea, 7. Memoir of New Zealand Oceanographic Institute 49: 1 - 139" title="Pycnogonida, 1. Colossendeidae, Pycnogonidae, Endeidae, Ammotheidae. Fauna of the Ross Sea, 7." volume="49" year="1969">Fry and Hedgpeth 1969</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A749A000616354828099C057797ED51D" author="Child, CA" journalOrPublisher="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 109" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" refId="B12" refString="Child, CA, 1998b. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Pycnogonida (Sea Spiders). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 109" title="The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Pycnogonida (Sea Spiders)." year="1998 b">Child 1998b</bibRefCitation>
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) and may represent a group of cryptic species. Only the long proboscis, palp article 8 shorter than articles 9 and 10 and a tarsus longer than the propodus remain stable amongst all examined specimens (
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<bibRefCitation id="14C25B7B99E07531A862021C08E8F1F6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069" author="Child, CA" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="69 - 111" refId="B9" refString="Child, CA, 1995a. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV. Antarctic Research Series 69: 69 - 111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV." url="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069" volume="69" year="1995 a">Child 1995a</bibRefCitation>
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). Variable characters are the shape and size of the ocular tubercle (elevated or short, conical or rounded), the occurrence of eyes (similar in size or larger anteriorly, well pigmented, white or even absent), the size of the proboscis (equal to, or longer than the trunk) and the size of the legs (either the femur or the tibia represent the longest article) (
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<bibRefCitation id="F35B0A5F0A37E895032903384E5CB8AD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069" author="Child, CA" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="69 - 111" refId="B9" refString="Child, CA, 1995a. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV. Antarctic Research Series 69: 69 - 111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV." url="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069" volume="69" year="1995 a">Child 1995a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="82E8A2348448526186976C5806DDBDFA" author="Child, CA" journalOrPublisher="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 109" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" refId="B12" refString="Child, CA, 1998b. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Pycnogonida (Sea Spiders). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 109" title="The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Pycnogonida (Sea Spiders)." year="1998 b">1998b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="150C58C718D748CBC307B10FCB0F4475" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n4661" author="Cano-Sanchez, E" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="661 - 681" refId="B6" refString="Cano-Sanchez, E, Lopez-Gonzalez, PJ, 2007. Colossendeis species (Pycnogonida: Colossendeidae) collected during the Italica XIX cruise to Victoria Land (Antarctica), with remarks on some taxonomic characters of the ovigers. Scientia Marina 71 (4): 661 - 681, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n4661" title="Colossendeis species (Pycnogonida: Colossendeidae) collected during the Italica XIX cruise to Victoria Land (Antarctica), with remarks on some taxonomic characters of the ovigers." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n4661" volume="71" year="2007">
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Cano-Sanchez and
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<normalizedToken id="6E8E8F2B50F33EED57FBBA211B115B34" originalValue="López-González">Lopez-Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="74A3E552218131FD5F0362B771F144A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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Molecular studies confirm that a complex of species exists under the name
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<taxonomicName id="01E595E85454A9827C2A07BE3DAD18EA" lsidName="C. megalonyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" rank="species" species="megalonyx">
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<emphasis id="64F3863630A31099044FE605541859EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">C. megalonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Five species and another seven cryptic species were indicated (
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<bibRefCitation id="20E8E5D977DD64D6575249F9160566E4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-009-0703-5" author="Krabbe, K" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="281 - 292" refId="B31" refString="Krabbe, K, Leese, F, Mayer, C, Tollrian, R, Held, C, 2010. Cryptic mitochondrial lineages in the widespread pycnogonid Colossendeis megalonyx Hoek, 1881 from Antarcticand Subantarctic waters. Polar Biology 33 (3): 281 - 292, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-009-0703-5" title="Cryptic mitochondrial lineages in the widespread pycnogonid Colossendeis megalonyx Hoek, 1881 from Antarcticand Subantarctic waters." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-009-0703-5" volume="33" year="2010">Krabbe et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="2593A29D76B289235AF4D30EAB01B470" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140424" author="Dietz, L" journalOrPublisher="Royal Society Open Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="140 - 424" refId="B13" refString="Dietz, L, Arango, CP, Halanych, KM, Harder, AM, Held, C, Mahon, AR, Mayer, C, Melzer, RR, Rouse, G, Weis, A, Wilson, NG, Leese, F, 2015. Regional differentiation and extensive hybridization between mitochondrial clades of the Southern Ocean giant sea spider Colossendeis megalonyx. Royal Society Open Science 2 (7): 140 - 424, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140424" title="Regional differentiation and extensive hybridization between mitochondrial clades of the Southern Ocean giant sea spider Colossendeis megalonyx." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140424" volume="2" year="2015">Dietz et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="9124C7D34E212D462CE342A35D7B9FB9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02636-z" author="Doemel, JS" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="319 - 342" refId="B17" refString="Doemel, JS, Dietz, L, Macher, TH, Rozenberg, A, Mayer, C, Spaak, JM, Melzer, RR, Leese, F, 2020. Analyzing drivers of speciation in the Southern Ocean using the sea spider species complex Colossendeis megalonyx as a test case. Polar Biology 43 (4): 319 - 342, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02636-z" title="Analyzing drivers of speciation in the Southern Ocean using the sea spider species complex Colossendeis megalonyx as a test case." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02636-z" volume="43" year="2020">
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<normalizedToken id="4798B12D7B5FAEACC3C8A180673442BA" originalValue="Dömel">Doemel</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2020
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</bibRefCitation>
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). These papers suggest the use of the name
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<taxonomicName id="F3695A6AFBF21053D43EB8EB532E0789" lsidName="C. megalonyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" rank="species" species="megalonyx">
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<emphasis id="7BBCC9CADD48AB5C5049D4C1C1A27B5A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">C. megalonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for specimens from South America and the Subantarctic Region, the type locality (
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<bibRefCitation id="D3715E142B7F04AD302EA0ED0C5079D9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-009-0703-5" author="Krabbe, K" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="281 - 292" refId="B31" refString="Krabbe, K, Leese, F, Mayer, C, Tollrian, R, Held, C, 2010. Cryptic mitochondrial lineages in the widespread pycnogonid Colossendeis megalonyx Hoek, 1881 from Antarcticand Subantarctic waters. Polar Biology 33 (3): 281 - 292, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-009-0703-5" title="Cryptic mitochondrial lineages in the widespread pycnogonid Colossendeis megalonyx Hoek, 1881 from Antarcticand Subantarctic waters." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-009-0703-5" volume="33" year="2010">Krabbe et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="E4016D2D40BD6517468840693EBE15D9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140424" author="Dietz, L" journalOrPublisher="Royal Society Open Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="140 - 424" refId="B13" refString="Dietz, L, Arango, CP, Halanych, KM, Harder, AM, Held, C, Mahon, AR, Mayer, C, Melzer, RR, Rouse, G, Weis, A, Wilson, NG, Leese, F, 2015. Regional differentiation and extensive hybridization between mitochondrial clades of the Southern Ocean giant sea spider Colossendeis megalonyx. Royal Society Open Science 2 (7): 140 - 424, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140424" title="Regional differentiation and extensive hybridization between mitochondrial clades of the Southern Ocean giant sea spider Colossendeis megalonyx." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140424" volume="2" year="2015">Dietz et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="6D4A367F089302B7C77B2CA5D7D61480" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.017" author="Dietz, L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="206 - 214" refId="B14" refString="Dietz, L, Doemel, JS, Leese, F, Mahon, AR, Mayer, C, 2019. Phylogenomics of the longitarsal Colossendeidae: The evolutionary history of an Antarctic sea spider radiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 136: 206 - 214, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.017" title="Phylogenomics of the longitarsal Colossendeidae: The evolutionary history of an Antarctic sea spider radiation." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.017" volume="136" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
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). Although morphology was not used for the delimitation of these species, subspecies were previously proposed by
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<bibRefCitation id="8F811D796B77F83ADED71F57720ACCC7" author="Fry, WG" journalOrPublisher="Memoir of New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 139" refId="B21" refString="Fry, WG, Hedgpeth, JW, 1969. Pycnogonida, 1. Colossendeidae, Pycnogonidae, Endeidae, Ammotheidae. Fauna of the Ross Sea, 7. Memoir of New Zealand Oceanographic Institute 49: 1 - 139" title="Pycnogonida, 1. Colossendeidae, Pycnogonidae, Endeidae, Ammotheidae. Fauna of the Ross Sea, 7." volume="49" year="1969">Fry and Hedgpeth (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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. This indicates that morphology can be used successfully for the delimitation of species (
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<bibRefCitation id="8C00CF298E6C3FCC9F7DA063B010BA7F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n4661" author="Cano-Sanchez, E" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="661 - 681" refId="B6" refString="Cano-Sanchez, E, Lopez-Gonzalez, PJ, 2007. Colossendeis species (Pycnogonida: Colossendeidae) collected during the Italica XIX cruise to Victoria Land (Antarctica), with remarks on some taxonomic characters of the ovigers. Scientia Marina 71 (4): 661 - 681, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n4661" title="Colossendeis species (Pycnogonida: Colossendeidae) collected during the Italica XIX cruise to Victoria Land (Antarctica), with remarks on some taxonomic characters of the ovigers." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n4661" volume="71" year="2007">
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Cano-Sanchez and
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<normalizedToken id="C206E153FB67B721DA14CA2344B1DAED" originalValue="López-González">Lopez-Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="55F8D5494E13C975F18EA916ED5655D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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Specimens analysed thus should belong to
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<taxonomicName id="D4AFA5724D957BAFEA6CE9D9D5C8BD64" lsidName="C. megalonyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" rank="species" species="megalonyx">
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<emphasis id="4C5E2E29E1F8696159DF5620A4651D2B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">C. megalonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as they were collected in Uruguay (the northernmost record for the species, a full two degrees of latitude north of the record provided by
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<bibRefCitation id="547D4AC0635B180D0D4B4C19FDB9E205" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069" author="Child, CA" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="69 - 111" refId="B9" refString="Child, CA, 1995a. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV. Antarctic Research Series 69: 69 - 111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV." url="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069" volume="69" year="1995 a">Child (1995a)</bibRefCitation>
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). Further, they conform to the description of
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<bibRefCitation id="2E87FB18DF18E313546A093D80B1C255" author="Hoek, PPC" journalOrPublisher="Reports of the Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of HMS Challenger" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 167" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13070408" refId="B30" refString="Hoek, PPC, 1881. Report on the Pycnogonida dredged by HMS Challenger 1873-76. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of HMS Challenger 3 (10): 1 - 167, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13070408" title="Report on the Pycnogonida dredged by HMS Challenger 1873 - 76." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13070408" volume="3" year="1881">Hoek (1881)</bibRefCitation>
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. Yet, variations in the shape of the ocular tubercle were observed, in some specimens this structure being conical and in others, rounded. All specimens had a proboscis 1.5 times as long as the trunk, on average, the same proportion observed by
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<bibRefCitation id="B778BFAA0194655B7C4CB3EF36ECC51D" author="Stock, JH" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" pagination="321 - 340" refId="B50" refString="Stock, JH, 1963. South African deep-sea Pycnogonida, with descriptions of five new species. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (12): 321 - 340" title="South African deep-sea Pycnogonida, with descriptions of five new species." volume="46" year="1963">Stock (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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for individuals identified as
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<taxonomicName id="28EC06AB1E7BDDD047795871FD297BDC" lsidName="C. orcadensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" rank="species" species="orcadensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="471FACE5A5C8CA73D0F7A6EBD449873B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">C. orcadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Although molecular analyses are an important new source of evidence, their results need to be correlated with detailed morphological analyses, in order to corroborate or refute the recent results with the older morphological work available in literature.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5901799E9F7EE6C54A444CD6630ADFD2" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis id="E3949554329F1D0438DE4904A532937F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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<taxonomicName id="07996788A1AE58D60A0701ED5E53E2E5" authorityName="Fry" authorityYear="1978" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pallenopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Pantopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pallenopsidae</taxonomicName>
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Fry, 1978
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C16B44947FD167A8EE28D7283341D341" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis id="03A50A2281078BCED36BCC48AB0A60E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">
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<taxonomicName id="4A3A2050718B3C2236B5FB8108BB3334" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1881" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pallenopsidae" genus="Pallenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pallenopsis" order="Pantopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F04EAFD8D47E8187E04A162636E9CCF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="305">Pallenopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Wilson, 1881
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |