<documentID-CLB-Dataset="102204"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.83671"ID-GBIF-Dataset="50f742cf-1494-4b50-a985-1152f3411aa8"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-305"ID-Pensoft-UUID="9BD32E16AD7354B598BD1D030B9F3881"ID-ZooBank="10FA5741370A4ABFA43298A2DE65BCE3"ModsDocID="1860-0743-98-2-305"checkinTime="1658439244261"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Lucena, Ruda Amorim & Lindsey Christoffersen, Martin"docDate="2022"docId="54C73BCDA3B851C8AA70A512DFC0B9C5"docLanguage="en"docName="ZoosystEvol 98(2): 305-312"docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (2)"docPubDate="2022-07-20"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.83671"docTitle="Colossendeis megalonyx Hoek 1881"docType="treatment"docVersion="5"id="9BD32E16AD7354B598BD1D030B9F3881"lastPageNumber="305"masterDocId="9BD32E16AD7354B598BD1D030B9F3881"masterDocTitle="Pycnogonida (Arthropoda) from Museu de Ciencias Naturais, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"masterLastPageNumber="312"masterPageNumber="305"pageNumber="305"updateTime="1732802904206"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:affiliationid="90D82C119D5FFEE568019759E3F8708C">Graduate Program in Biological Sciences- Zoology, Federal University of Paraiba, University Campus, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, CEP: 58051 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="9064BD465375BEB805B02127333A5372">Graduate Program in Biological Sciences- Zoology, Federal University of Paraiba, University Campus, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, CEP: 58051 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<figureCitationid="E813A00A61FB26192B98CAB2DDBF144E"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Colossendeis megalonyx (FZB. Pyc- 002), female. A. Dorsal view; B. Distal articles of palp; C. Distal articles of oviger; D. Tarsus and propodus."figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83671.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/717679"pageId="0"pageNumber="305">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3EF89907281BC200B092B8767720B9D0"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015659"author="Hodgson, TV"journalOrPublisher="Natural History"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"refId="B28"refString="Hodgson, TV, 1908. The Pycnogonida of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 46(1/6): 159-188. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015659"title="The Pycnogonida of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 46 (1 / 6): 159 - 188."url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015659"year="1908">Hodgson 1908</bibRefCitation>
<materialsCitationid="1C052A46945B9315C3DDC3DF215629F5"collectingDate="1961-05"collectorName="L. R. Pontes"country="Argentina"latitude="-38.366665"location="Mar del Plata"longLatPrecision="1175"longitude="-55.616665"specimenCount="5"specimenCount-female="5">
<locationid="A7008559CCCDE2338FCBB2F39F432B60"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54C73BCDA3B851C8AA70A512DFC0B9C5:A7008559CCCDE2338FCBB2F39F432B60"country="Argentina"latitude="-38.366665"longLatPrecision="1175"longitude="-55.616665"name="Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</location>
<bibRefCitationid="5CF19B14E0F4D7160F5309252F566C0C"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069"author="Child, CA"journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="69 - 111"refId="B9"refString="Child, CA, 1995a. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV. Antarctic Research Series 69: 69 - 111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069"title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV."url="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069"volume="69"year="1995 a">Child 1995a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="6F5CB9FBED4828C069406F51C2783C1F"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410200800151X"author="Munilla, T"journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Science"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="99 - 111"refId="B45"refString="Munilla, T, Soler-Membrives, A, 2009. Check-list of the pycnogonids from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters: Zoogeographic implications. Antarctic Science 21 (2): 99 - 111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410200800151X"title="Check-list of the pycnogonids from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters: Zoogeographic implications."url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410200800151X"volume="21"year="2009">Munilla and Soler-Membrives 2009</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="660B508EA8C013E34FC37CEB5E6E9E53"author="Fry, WG"journalOrPublisher="Memoir of New Zealand Oceanographic Institute"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="1 - 139"refId="B21"refString="Fry, WG, Hedgpeth, JW, 1969. Pycnogonida, 1. Colossendeidae, Pycnogonidae, Endeidae, Ammotheidae. Fauna of the Ross Sea, 7. Memoir of New Zealand Oceanographic Institute 49: 1 - 139"title="Pycnogonida, 1. Colossendeidae, Pycnogonidae, Endeidae, Ammotheidae. Fauna of the Ross Sea, 7."volume="49"year="1969">Fry and Hedgpeth 1969</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="A749A000616354828099C057797ED51D"author="Child, CA"journalOrPublisher="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 109"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"refId="B12"refString="Child, CA, 1998b. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Pycnogonida (Sea Spiders). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 109"title="The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Pycnogonida (Sea Spiders)."year="1998 b">Child 1998b</bibRefCitation>
) and may represent a group of cryptic species. Only the long proboscis, palp article 8 shorter than articles 9 and 10 and a tarsus longer than the propodus remain stable amongst all examined specimens (
<bibRefCitationid="14C25B7B99E07531A862021C08E8F1F6"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069"author="Child, CA"journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="69 - 111"refId="B9"refString="Child, CA, 1995a. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV. Antarctic Research Series 69: 69 - 111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069"title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV."url="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069"volume="69"year="1995 a">Child 1995a</bibRefCitation>
). Variable characters are the shape and size of the ocular tubercle (elevated or short, conical or rounded), the occurrence of eyes (similar in size or larger anteriorly, well pigmented, white or even absent), the size of the proboscis (equal to, or longer than the trunk) and the size of the legs (either the femur or the tibia represent the longest article) (
<bibRefCitationid="F35B0A5F0A37E895032903384E5CB8AD"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069"author="Child, CA"journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="69 - 111"refId="B9"refString="Child, CA, 1995a. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV. Antarctic Research Series 69: 69 - 111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069"title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV."url="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069"volume="69"year="1995 a">Child 1995a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="82E8A2348448526186976C5806DDBDFA"author="Child, CA"journalOrPublisher="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 109"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"refId="B12"refString="Child, CA, 1998b. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Pycnogonida (Sea Spiders). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 109"title="The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Pycnogonida (Sea Spiders)."year="1998 b">1998b</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="150C58C718D748CBC307B10FCB0F4475"DOI="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n4661"author="Cano-Sanchez, E"journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="661 - 681"refId="B6"refString="Cano-Sanchez, E, Lopez-Gonzalez, PJ, 2007. Colossendeis species (Pycnogonida: Colossendeidae) collected during the Italica XIX cruise to Victoria Land (Antarctica), with remarks on some taxonomic characters of the ovigers. Scientia Marina 71 (4): 661 - 681, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n4661"title="Colossendeis species (Pycnogonida: Colossendeidae) collected during the Italica XIX cruise to Victoria Land (Antarctica), with remarks on some taxonomic characters of the ovigers."url="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n4661"volume="71"year="2007">
<bibRefCitationid="2593A29D76B289235AF4D30EAB01B470"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140424"author="Dietz, L"journalOrPublisher="Royal Society Open Science"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="140 - 424"refId="B13"refString="Dietz, L, Arango, CP, Halanych, KM, Harder, AM, Held, C, Mahon, AR, Mayer, C, Melzer, RR, Rouse, G, Weis, A, Wilson, NG, Leese, F, 2015. Regional differentiation and extensive hybridization between mitochondrial clades of the Southern Ocean giant sea spider Colossendeis megalonyx. Royal Society Open Science 2 (7): 140 - 424, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140424"title="Regional differentiation and extensive hybridization between mitochondrial clades of the Southern Ocean giant sea spider Colossendeis megalonyx."url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140424"volume="2"year="2015">Dietz et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="9124C7D34E212D462CE342A35D7B9FB9"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02636-z"author="Doemel, JS"journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="319 - 342"refId="B17"refString="Doemel, JS, Dietz, L, Macher, TH, Rozenberg, A, Mayer, C, Spaak, JM, Melzer, RR, Leese, F, 2020. Analyzing drivers of speciation in the Southern Ocean using the sea spider species complex Colossendeis megalonyx as a test case. Polar Biology 43 (4): 319 - 342, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02636-z"title="Analyzing drivers of speciation in the Southern Ocean using the sea spider species complex Colossendeis megalonyx as a test case."url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02636-z"volume="43"year="2020">
<bibRefCitationid="E4016D2D40BD6517468840693EBE15D9"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140424"author="Dietz, L"journalOrPublisher="Royal Society Open Science"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="140 - 424"refId="B13"refString="Dietz, L, Arango, CP, Halanych, KM, Harder, AM, Held, C, Mahon, AR, Mayer, C, Melzer, RR, Rouse, G, Weis, A, Wilson, NG, Leese, F, 2015. Regional differentiation and extensive hybridization between mitochondrial clades of the Southern Ocean giant sea spider Colossendeis megalonyx. Royal Society Open Science 2 (7): 140 - 424, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140424"title="Regional differentiation and extensive hybridization between mitochondrial clades of the Southern Ocean giant sea spider Colossendeis megalonyx."url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140424"volume="2"year="2015">Dietz et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="6D4A367F089302B7C77B2CA5D7D61480"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.017"author="Dietz, L"journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="206 - 214"refId="B14"refString="Dietz, L, Doemel, JS, Leese, F, Mahon, AR, Mayer, C, 2019. Phylogenomics of the longitarsal Colossendeidae: The evolutionary history of an Antarctic sea spider radiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 136: 206 - 214, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.017"title="Phylogenomics of the longitarsal Colossendeidae: The evolutionary history of an Antarctic sea spider radiation."url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.017"volume="136"year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="8F811D796B77F83ADED71F57720ACCC7"author="Fry, WG"journalOrPublisher="Memoir of New Zealand Oceanographic Institute"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="1 - 139"refId="B21"refString="Fry, WG, Hedgpeth, JW, 1969. Pycnogonida, 1. Colossendeidae, Pycnogonidae, Endeidae, Ammotheidae. Fauna of the Ross Sea, 7. Memoir of New Zealand Oceanographic Institute 49: 1 - 139"title="Pycnogonida, 1. Colossendeidae, Pycnogonidae, Endeidae, Ammotheidae. Fauna of the Ross Sea, 7."volume="49"year="1969">Fry and Hedgpeth (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="547D4AC0635B180D0D4B4C19FDB9E205"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069"author="Child, CA"journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="69 - 111"refId="B9"refString="Child, CA, 1995a. Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV. Antarctic Research Series 69: 69 - 111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069"title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Pycnogonida IV. The families Colossendeidae and Rhynchothoraxidae. Biology of the Antarctic seas XXIV."url="https://doi.org/10.1029/AR069p0069"volume="69"year="1995 a">Child (1995a)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="2E87FB18DF18E313546A093D80B1C255"author="Hoek, PPC"journalOrPublisher="Reports of the Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of HMS Challenger"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="1 - 167"publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13070408"refId="B30"refString="Hoek, PPC, 1881. Report on the Pycnogonida dredged by HMS Challenger 1873-76. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of HMS Challenger 3 (10): 1 - 167, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13070408"title="Report on the Pycnogonida dredged by HMS Challenger 1873 - 76."url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13070408"volume="3"year="1881">Hoek (1881)</bibRefCitation>
. Yet, variations in the shape of the ocular tubercle were observed, in some specimens this structure being conical and in others, rounded. All specimens had a proboscis 1.5 times as long as the trunk, on average, the same proportion observed by
<bibRefCitationid="B778BFAA0194655B7C4CB3EF36ECC51D"author="Stock, JH"journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum"pageId="0"pageNumber="305"pagination="321 - 340"refId="B50"refString="Stock, JH, 1963. South African deep-sea Pycnogonida, with descriptions of five new species. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (12): 321 - 340"title="South African deep-sea Pycnogonida, with descriptions of five new species."volume="46"year="1963">Stock (1963)</bibRefCitation>
. Although molecular analyses are an important new source of evidence, their results need to be correlated with detailed morphological analyses, in order to corroborate or refute the recent results with the older morphological work available in literature.
