263 lines
28 KiB
XML
263 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="925323F21090D286E284941572D5C92C" ID-DOI="10.17161/jom.v0i50.4834" ID-ISSN="2325-4467" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722893676415" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Tripodi, Amber D. & Szalanski, Allen L." docDate="2015" docId="4A7B7945FFA3EB5A9AE3372D0F52F828" docLanguage="en" docName="JMelittology.2015.50.1-17.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Melittology 2015 (50)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i50.4834" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C606B715423E98DFED429F4976A416.4:JMelittology.2013-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="20C606B715423E98DFED429F4976A416" docStyleName="JMelittology.2013-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Bombus (Thoracobombus) pensylvanicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="B642013DFFAFEB569B63350C0C1CFE31" masterDocTitle="The bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) of Arkansas, fifty years later" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1722900214979" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="9B511008D680B72F2D1708F59272FF76">The bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) of Arkansas, fifty years later</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5FCC41161DBB57872E40338943ABA6AF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AFC908C146D0F590D5A88D1555E92D40">Tripodi, Amber D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="49EA3E0B4E13EDCD46F46FF44C3BE8D8">Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA (aszalan @ uark. edu). & Current address: USDA-ARS, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Logan, Utah 84322, USA (amber. tripodi @ ars. usda. gov).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="934D6340AB2626CF876F41D3078AE6D0">Szalanski, Allen L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E1B8B97BBF5E301291AE5D92080B2A64">Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA (aszalan @ uark. edu).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="986D3DA617A0ADB69741B2047BA1D569">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="4A7B7945FFA3EB5A9AE3372D0F52F828" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A7B7945FFA3EB5A9AE3372D0F52F828" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A7B7945FFA3EB5A9AE3372D0F52F828" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="8AC89BD8FFA3EB5A9AE3372D0F3CFC68" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C26DC853FFA3EB5A9AE3372D0FADFC08" blockId="12.[384,945,545,570]" box="[384,945,545,570]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="99257F3FFFA3EB5A9AE3372D0FADFC08" box="[384,945,545,570]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9AE3372D0FADFC08" ID-CoL="MFS6" authority="(De Geer)" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[384,945,545,570]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus" subGenus="Thoracobombus">
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<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9AE3372D0DCAFC08" box="[384,470,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bombus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9A86372D0E92FC08" box="[485,654,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thoracobombus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A99FD372D0F2AFC08" box="[670,822,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pensylvanicus</emphasis>
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(De Geer)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C26DC853FFA3EB5A996C374D0F3CFC68" blockId="12.[527,800,577,601]" box="[527,800,577,601]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">‘American Bumble Bee’</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8AC89BD8FFA3EB5A9BB3378D0E84FB2B" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="C26DC853FFA3EB5A9BB3378D0F58FAC8" blockId="12.[160,1175,641,1562]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9BB3378D0DD8FCA8" ID-CoL="MFS6" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[208,452,641,665]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus">
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<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9BB3378D0DD8FCA8" box="[208,452,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bombus pensylvanicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[as
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<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9A92378E0F2CFCA8" ID-CoL="FMX8" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" box="[497,816,641,665]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanorum">
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||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9A92378E0E1DFCA8" box="[497,513,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A996D378E0EB6FCA8" box="[526,682,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">americanorum</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</taxonomicName>
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] was listed as the “most widespread and common species” in the state in
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<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA3EB5A99DE37AD0811FC88" author="Chandler, L. & C. E. McCoy, Jr." box="[701,1037,673,697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="46 - 53" refId="ref8888" refString="Chandler, L., & C. E. McCoy, Jr. 1965. The bumble bees of Arkansas (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombinae). Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science 19: 46 - 53." type="journal article" year="1965">Chandler & McCoy’s (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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study. Its statewide occurrence is much reduced today, although it remains widespread (
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<figureCitation id="5AE9D4D6FFA3EB5A9F0037CD0CB1FCC8" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,231,225,247]" captionText="Figure 1. County-level records for each species in Arkansas and a summary of all records over both time periods. Blue = historical records, orange = contemporary records, and green = records for both periods. 1. Bombus (Bombias) auricomus (Robertson). 2. B. (Pyrobombus) bimaculatus Cresson. 3. B. (Cullumanobombus) fraternus (Smith). 4. B. (C.) griseocollis (De Geer). 5. B. (P.) impatiens Cresson. 6. B. (Thoracobombus) pensylvanicus (De Geer). 7. B. (Psithyrus) variabilis (Cresson). 8. Summary of all counties that were sampled within each period." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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||
). The contemporary occurrence of
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<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A993C37EE0F0BFCC8" ID-CoL="MFS6" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[607,791,737,761]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus">
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||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A993C37EE0E73FCC8" box="[607,623,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A991C37ED0F0BFCC8" box="[639,791,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pensylvanicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(50%) is about one-third lower than its historic occurrence (82%,
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<figureCitation id="5AE9D4D6FFA3EB5A994C360D0E6EFD28" box="[559,626,769,793]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,231,225,247]" captionText="Figure 3. Proportions of sampled counties (i.e., proportions of occurrence) with records of each bumble bee species, in the historical (grey) and contemporary (black) periods in Arkansas." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Only a single record occurred in the period between our sampling intervals: Faulkner Co.,
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<date id="B66CEE93FFA3EB5A99A7362D0F87FD08" box="[708,923,801,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1976-09-06">September 6, 1976</date>
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||
. This state-level pattern reflects what has also been observed throughout the range of
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<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A98B3364E0895FD68" ID-CoL="MFS6" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[976,1161,833,857]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus">
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||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A98B3364E0FFCFD68" box="[976,992,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9892364D0895FD68" box="[1009,1161,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pensylvanicus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, and many sources consider
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<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9A8E366E0EB8FD48" ID-CoL="MFS6" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[493,676,865,889]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9A8E366E0DE1FD48" box="[493,509,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A996F366D0EB8FD48" box="[524,676,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pensylvanicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to be a declining species (
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<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA3EB5A98BD366D0CC4FDA8" author="Cameron, S. A. & J. D. Lozier & J. P. Strange & J. B. Koch & N. Cordes & L. F. Solter & T. L. Griswold" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="662 - 667" refId="ref8811" refString="Cameron, S. A., J. D. Lozier, J. P. Strange, J. B. Koch, N. Cordes, L. F. Solter, & T. L. Griswold. 2011. Patterns of widespread decline in North American bumble bees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U. S. A. 108 (2): 662 - 667." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Cameron
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<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9F37366E089EFD48" box="[1108,1154,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA3EB5A9B86368D0DFDFDA8" author="Colla, S. R. & L. Packer" box="[229,481,897,921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1379 - 1391" refId="ref8971" refString="Colla, S. R., & L. Packer. 2008. Evidence for decline in eastern North American bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with special focus on Bombus affinis Cresson. Biodiversity and Conservation 17 (6): 1379 - 1391." type="journal article" year="2008">Colla & Packer, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA3EB5A9A8D368D0EA8FDA8" author="Colla, S. R. & F. Gadallah & L. Richardson & D. Wagner & L. Gall" box="[494,692,897,921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="3585 - 3595" refId="ref9117" refString="Colla, S. R., F. Gadallah, L. Richardson, D. Wagner, & L. Gall. 2012. Assessing declines of North American bumble bees (Bombus spp.) using museum specimens. Biodiversity and Conservation 21 (14): 3585 - 3595." type="journal article" year="2012">
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||
Colla
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<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9956368E0E79FDA8" box="[565,613,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 2012
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA3EB5A99A2368D0F93FDA8" author="Grixti, J. C. & L. T. Wong & S. A. Cameron & C. Favret" box="[705,911,897,921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="75 - 84" refId="ref9575" refString="Grixti, J. C., L. T. Wong, S. A. Cameron, & C. Favret. 2009. Decline of bumble bees (Bombus) in the North American Midwest. Biological Conservation 142 (1): 75 - 84." type="journal article" year="2009">
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||
Grixti
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||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A986C368E0F22FDA8" box="[783,830,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although there are indications of a range-wide decline of
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<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A990036AE0F05FD88" ID-CoL="MFS6" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[611,793,929,953]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A990036AE0E6FFD88" box="[611,627,930,953]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A99E236AD0F05FD88" box="[641,793,929,953]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pensylvanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, it is likely that not all areas are reflecting the same shifts in abundance or occurrence. For example,
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<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A98BA36CE088CFDE8" ID-CoL="MFS6" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[985,1168,961,985]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus">
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||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A98BA36CE0FF5FDE8" box="[985,1001,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A989B36CD088CFDE8" box="[1016,1168,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pensylvanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
was abundant in the extreme south and western portions of its range (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="001606B1FFA3EB5A98AE36ED0858FDC8" box="[973,1092,993,1017]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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<collectingRegion id="001606B1FFA3EB5A9F2D36ED0CF9FA28" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
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<collectingRegion id="001606B1FFA3EB5A9A40310E0D7AFA2B" box="[291,358,1026,1050]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
) in recent surveys, although it was absent from much of the northern and eastern areas in which it was expected to occur (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA3EB5A9871312D0818FA08" author="Cameron, S. A. & J. D. Lozier & J. P. Strange & J. B. Koch & N. Cordes & L. F. Solter & T. L. Griswold" box="[786,1028,1057,1081]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="662 - 667" refId="ref8811" refString="Cameron, S. A., J. D. Lozier, J. P. Strange, J. B. Koch, N. Cordes, L. F. Solter, & T. L. Griswold. 2011. Patterns of widespread decline in North American bumble bees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U. S. A. 108 (2): 662 - 667." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Cameron
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A98E4312E0FA9FA08" box="[903,949,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2011
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Similarly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9BC3314E0D4BFA68" ID-CoL="MFS6" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[160,343,1089,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9BC3314E0CACFA68" box="[160,176,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9BDC314D0D4BFA68" box="[191,343,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pensylvanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was absent from the northern region of
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<collectingRegion id="001606B1FFA3EB5A985D314D0F93FA68" box="[830,911,1089,1113]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Illinois</collectingRegion>
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in recent surveys, although it was known from northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="001606B1FFA3EB5A993E316D0EB2FA48" box="[605,686,1121,1145]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
in historical records (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA3EB5A98D5316D0896FA48" author="Grixti, J. C. & L. T. Wong & S. A. Cameron & C. Favret" box="[950,1162,1121,1145]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="75 - 84" refId="ref9575" refString="Grixti, J. C., L. T. Wong, S. A. Cameron, & C. Favret. 2009. Decline of bumble bees (Bombus) in the North American Midwest. Biological Conservation 142 (1): 75 - 84." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Grixti
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9F66316E0829FA48" box="[1029,1077,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). With contemporary records occurring throughout the state and in each ecoregion, we found no geographic pattern in the occurrences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A986731AE0FA0FA88" ID-CoL="MFS6" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[772,956,1185,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A986731AE0F08FA88" box="[772,788,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A984731AD0FA0FA88" box="[804,956,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pensylvanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<collectingRegion id="001606B1FFA3EB5A9F7931AD088FFA88" box="[1050,1171,1185,1209]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
. This heterogeneity among regional studies highlights the utility of localized studies in determining the conservation status of species of interest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C26DC853FFA3EB5A9BB3300D0E84FB2B" blockId="12.[160,1175,641,1562]" box="[208,664,1281,1306]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
GLOSSA LENGTH: Long (6.41 ±
|
||
<quantity id="052A65B6FFA3EB5A9947300D0E90FB2B" box="[548,652,1281,1306]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.58">0.58 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8AC89BD8FFA3EB5A9BB3302E0F52F828" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C26DC853FFA3EB5A9BB3302E0FC0FB68" blockId="12.[160,1175,641,1562]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ADULT ACTIVE PERIOD: Late season with a long active period (82 days). Majority: late June through mid-September; Earliest: May 13; Latest: October 16.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C26DC853FFA3EB5A9BB3306E0F52F828" blockId="12.[160,1175,641,1562]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
PREFERRED PLANTS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9ADB306E0E5AFB48" box="[440,582,1377,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Baptisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9ADB306E0E5AFB48" box="[440,582,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Baptisia alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(wild white indigo,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A982B306D0FABFB48" box="[840,951,1377,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A98AD306E088DFB48" authority="Schreb." authorityName="Schreb." box="[974,1169,1377,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A98AD306E0833FB48" box="[974,1071,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vernonia</emphasis>
|
||
Schreb.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ironweed,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9A47308E0DB4FBAB" box="[292,424,1410,1434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9ADB308E0E5DFBA8" box="[440,577,1409,1433]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Teucrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadense">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9ADB308E0DD4FBA8" box="[440,456,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9AB7308D0E5DFBA8" box="[468,577,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">canadense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAC588C3FFA3EB5A992D308D0EB6FBA8" box="[590,682,1409,1433]" name="Canada" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
germander,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A985F308D0FA1FBA8" box="[828,957,1409,1433]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A98AD308E0850FBA8" box="[974,1100,1409,1433]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Monarda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fistulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A98AD308E0FFBFBA8" box="[974,999,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9891308D0850FBA8" box="[1010,1100,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">fistulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(wild bergamot,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9A4230AD0DBEFB88" box="[289,418,1441,1465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9AD430AE0E57FB88" box="[439,587,1441,1465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Abelmoschus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculentus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9AD430AE0DD6FB88" box="[439,458,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9AB930AD0E57FB88" box="[474,587,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">esculentus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(okra,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A99C030AD0F3FFB88" box="[675,803,1441,1465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A985B30AD088CFB88" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[824,1168,1441,1465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carolinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A985B30AD0807FB88" box="[824,1051,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum carolinense</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Carolina horsenettle,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9ACD30CD0E2FFBE8" box="[430,563,1473,1497]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A992830CE085BFBE8" authority="(Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng." authorityName="Spreng." baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[587,1095,1473,1497]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="discolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A992830CE0F1EFBE8" box="[587,770,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cirsium discolor</emphasis>
|
||
(Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(field thistle,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9B9530EE0D66FBCB" box="[246,378,1506,1530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9AED30EE0DEEFBC8" box="[398,498,1506,1529]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="azurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9AED30EE0D81FBC8" box="[398,413,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9AC830EE0DEEFBC8" box="[427,498,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">azurea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(azure blue sage,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A99A830ED0F50FBC8" box="[715,844,1505,1529]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A980330EE0817FBC8" box="[864,1035,1505,1529]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="integrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A980330EE0F73FBC8" box="[864,879,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A981E30ED0817FBC8" box="[893,1035,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">integrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(wholeleaf rosinweed,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9A4B330E0DB0F82B" box="[296,428,1538,1562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A9ADD330E0E3FF828" box="[446,547,1537,1561]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9ADD330E0DCCF828" box="[446,464,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA3EB5A9ABE330D0E3FF828" box="[477,547,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">villosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(winter vetch,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA3EB5A99B0330D0F5EF828" box="[723,834,1537,1561]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |