336 lines
50 KiB
XML
336 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="2055EDA5EED49CAA2F3D3214D4537836" ID-CLB-Dataset="25962" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ada41293-20e6-4824-a8c4-f7e8eb6d16b4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3373075" ID-ZooBank="16EDCB6E-49D1-4214-AEB3-203C19CA56A0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1566365037521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nicoli, Laura" docDate="2019" docId="3C7387AFFFA3FF9819E5FA3621C15638" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4658.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4658 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ceratophrys ensenadensis Rusconi 1932" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="C04AFFD7FFAAFF931972FFC72256514B" masterDocTitle="The fossil record of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Anura: Ceratophryidae): a revision and update of fossil South American horned frogs" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698751917165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5B3E58830747CF42C7515F0F52A61EB5">The fossil record of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Anura: Ceratophryidae): a revision and update of fossil South American horned frogs</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="484AD879FF8BAA65B28D0D093177F2C5">Nicoli, Laura</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="66CEE0D4FF300B4883F70E4B4BA925CF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6115455F171E7210881E25E90E3633CB">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9334629681BC067664EEDD46C83B22C5">2019-08-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="10552128CB06F04195BF868B5FBDE09B">4658</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="FCC06532FFA3FF9A19E5FA3620D75740" box="[151,641,1521,1548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA3FF9A19E5FA3620D75740" blockId="9.[151,641,1521,1548]" box="[151,641,1521,1548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="EF2D81D5FFA3FF9A19E5FA3620D75740" bold="true" box="[151,641,1521,1548]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A19E5FA3620D75740" ID-CoL="SNTF" authority="Rusconi 1932" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,641,1521,1548]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A19E5FA3620D75740" bold="true" box="[151,641,1521,1548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A19E5FA3623855747" bold="true" box="[151,467,1521,1548]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Ceratophrys ensenadensis</emphasis>
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Rusconi 1932
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FCC06532FFA3FF9819E5F9FE23FB51B0" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA3FF9A19E5F9FE202D564C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1593,1799]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA3FF9A19E5F9FE23E85718" ID-CoL="SNTF" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,446,1593,1619]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A19E5F9FE23E85718" box="[151,446,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Ceratophrys ensenadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is based on three specimens from Olivos (
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA3FF9A1AE8F9FE218A5718" box="[922,988,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1750,1775]" captionTargetBox="[182,1401,170,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[168,1420,170,1739]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distributional map of extant and fossil Ceratophrys. The phylogeny of the extant species of Ceratophyrs were proposed by Faivovich et al.(2014). The numbers in circles represent the fossiliferous localities mentioned in the article: 1, Arroyo Chasicó; 2, Arroyo Tapalqué; 3, Conchillas; 4, Farola Monte Hermoso; 5, Fortín Necochea; 6, Lagoa Santa; 7, Laguna de Los Tres Reyes; 8, Mar del Plata and Miramar cities; 9, Ñuapua; 10, Olivos; 11, Puerta de Corral Quemado; 12, Quehué; 13, San Antonio and Paso Alsina; 14, Tarija. Black circles: localities where the presence of Ceratophrys was confirmed; white circles: the presence of Ceratophrys remains unconfirmed. The distributions of the extant species of Ceratophrys are represented by areas that approximately include all the reported records for each species; the distribution of most species, however, is not well known. Distributions are based on Lynch (1982) with corrections and additions from Barrio-Amorós 2004; Barrio 1980; Langone 1995; Maciel et al. 2013; Maneyro & Langone 2001; Ortiz et al. 2013; Peters 1967; Rivero 1961; Stuart et al. 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373077/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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, locality 10), province of
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<collectingRegion id="761EF85BFFA3FF9A1D8DF9FE27C15718" box="[1279,1431,1593,1619]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="CCCD7629FFA3FF9A19E5F99A235C573C" box="[151,266,1629,1655]" name="Argentina" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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. In this area, as in other regions of the Rio de la Plata, a series of deposits attributed to the Ensenada Formation, known as “toscas del Río de la Plata”, were exposed and provided many fossils (
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA3FF9A1DEFF94627C757D0" author="Soibelzon, E. & Tonni, E. P. & Bidegain, J. C." box="[1181,1425,1665,1691]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" pagination="421 - 429" refId="ref25642" refString="Soibelzon, E., Tonni, E. P. & Bidegain, J. C. (2008) Cronologia, magnetoestratigrafia y caracterizacion bioestratigrafica del Ensenadense (Pleistoceno inferior-medio) en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina, 63, 421 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0718 - 22442008000200015" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Soibelzon
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1C67F945271B57D0" box="[1301,1357,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Given the growth of the city of
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<collectingRegion id="761EF85BFFA3FF9A1B70F96220CD57F4" box="[514,667,1701,1727]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
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, and the reclamation of land along the river, these deposits are now confined to small areas. The “toscas of Rio de la Plata” are thought to have been deposited during the early and middle Pleistocene (
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<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA3FF9A1808F92A2039564C" author="Soibelzon, E. & Tonni, E. P. & Bidegain, J. C." box="[378,623,1773,1799]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" pagination="421 - 429" refId="ref25642" refString="Soibelzon, E., Tonni, E. P. & Bidegain, J. C. (2008) Cronologia, magnetoestratigrafia y caracterizacion bioestratigrafica del Ensenadense (Pleistoceno inferior-medio) en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina, 63, 421 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0718 - 22442008000200015" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Soibelzon
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA3FF9A1881F929207D564C" box="[499,555,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="E0A56631FFA0FF9919E5FA6E272A572A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373079/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" startId="10.[151,250,1449,1474]" targetBox="[158,1432,187,1438]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA0FF9919E5FA6E272A572A" blockId="10.[151,1437,1449,1634]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA0FF9919E5FA6E23405489" bold="true" box="[151,278,1449,1474]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA0FF991852FA6D20635489" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[288,565,1450,1474]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA0FF991852FA6D20635489" box="[288,565,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Ceratophrys ameghinorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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compared with selected living
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA0FF991AF1FA6D26545489" ID-CoL="3KV4" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[899,1026,1450,1474]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA0FF991AF1FA6D26545489" box="[899,1026,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A, D, G, J,
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA0FF991DE3FA6D27015489" ID-CoL="SNT4" baseAuthorityName="Vieira et al." baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1169,1367,1450,1474]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurita">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA0FF991DE3FA6D27015489" box="[1169,1367,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Ceratophrys aurita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MLP 1280); B, E, H, K,
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA0FF991825FA0D205454A9" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[343,514,1482,1506]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA0FF991825FA0D205454A9" box="[343,514,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">C. ameghinorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MACN 14318); C, F, I, L,
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA0FF991A52FA0D21DB54A9" ID-CoL="69L7J" baseAuthorityName="Peri" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[800,909,1482,1506]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornuta">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA0FF991A52FA0D21DB54A9" box="[800,909,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">C. cornuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MZUSP 151382). A–C, dorsal views; D–F, ventral views; G–I, lateral views; J–L, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: ap, premaxillary alary process; lc, lateral crest; m, maxilla; mp, maxillary process of nasal; mpp, maxillary process of premaxilla; par, pterygoid anterior ramus; pl, neopalatine; pmr, pterygoid medial ramus; pof, postorbital fenestra; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; ppr, pterygoid posterior ramus; pt, pterygoid; slw, squamosal lateral world; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; vp, ventral process of pterygoid. Scale bar is 5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA0FF9819B5F97B23FB51B0" blockId="10.[151,1437,1724,2038]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,153,1907]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
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Rusconi briefly described the fossil remains, but he did not provide photographs or illustrations (Rusconi 1932). The author identified the material as part of the Henning personal collection. This collection is now housed at the Museo Universitario Florentino y Carlos Ameghino (MUA) of Rosario (province of
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<collectingRegion id="761EF85BFFA0FF991D28F8C326E95655" box="[1114,1215,1796,1822]" country="Argentina" name="Santa Fe" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Santa Fe</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="CCCD7629FFA0FF991DB8F8C327695654" box="[1226,1343,1796,1823]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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). No remains of
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA0FF99198FF8EF20755609" ID-CoL="SNTF" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[253,547,1832,1858]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA0FF99198FF8EF20755609" box="[253,547,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Ceratophrys ensenadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or other horned frogs were found in this collection (Silvia Cornero, MUA director, pers.comm.). The remains of two fossil horned frogs (PVL 699, 767) accessioned as
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<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA0FF991D14F88B274F562D" ID-CoL="SNTF" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[1126,1305,1868,1894]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
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<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA0FF991D14F88B274F562D" box="[1126,1305,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">C. ensenadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were found in the Collection of Vertebrate Paleontology of the Instituto Miguel Lillo of San Miguel de
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<collectingRegion id="761EF85BFFA0FF991DD3F8B7275C56C1" box="[1185,1290,1904,1930]" country="Argentina" name="Tucuman" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Tucuman</collectingRegion>
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(province of
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<collectingRegion id="761EF85BFFA0FF9919E5F853235556E5" box="[151,259,1940,1966]" country="Argentina" name="Tucuman" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Tucuman</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="CCCD7629FFA0FF99187CF85323D756E5" box="[270,385,1940,1966]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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;
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<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA0FF9918FCF853200256E5" box="[398,596,1940,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3A, B, G, H</figureCitation>
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). These specimens were part of the personal collection of Carlos Rusconi (414 and 413, respectively). Based on the description and measurements of these specimens provided by Rusconi (1932), they are clearly the
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<typeStatus id="6B61881BFFA0FF9918B9F81B207B56BD" box="[459,557,2012,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(PVL 767;
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA0FF991BC2F81B217056BD" box="[688,806,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6B61881BFFA0FF991AAEF81B261156BD" box="[988,1095,2012,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA0FF991D24F81B269956BD" box="[1110,1231,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) of
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA0FF981D8EF81B22E351F8" italics="true" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">C. ensenaden- sis</emphasis>
|
||
. An illustration, which probably corresponds to PVL 699, was published and attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981DB0FF5E272E51F8" ID-CoL="SNTF" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[1218,1400,153,179]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981DB0FF5E272E51F8" box="[1218,1400,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">C. ensenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Agnolin (2005: fig.1), but the collection number cited (PVL 616) is wrong. The third specimen originally mentioned by Rusconi remains lost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FCC06532FFA1FF9819B5FEC321C15638" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA1FF9819B5FEC3202650E4" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF9819B5FEC323915054" bold="true" box="[199,455,260,287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Osteological features.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA1FF981B30FEC220205054" box="[578,630,261,287]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pbkd-hmeb" name="Paleontologia de Vertebrados Lillo" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">PVL</collectionCode>
|
||
767 is a partially preserved skull (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA1FF981A87FEC2263B5054" box="[1013,1133,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is too incomplete to estimate its proportions. The cranial elements that are preserved generally resemble those of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981DA5FEEE27355008" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1239,1379,297,323]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981DA5FEEE27355008" box="[1239,1379,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The squamosal otic plate is subquadrangular, and lacking a concave dorsal surface or lateral wall. Its posterior margin reaches the level of the occipital condyles, and do not project dorsally from the skull roof. The premaxilla was not preserved. The vomers seem to bear teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA1FF9819B5FE7E21685328" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA1FF9819B5FE7E22AD5098" box="[199,251,441,467]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pbkd-hmeb" name="Paleontologia de Vertebrados Lillo" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">PVL</collectionCode>
|
||
699 consists of the posterior region of a skull that articulates with the vertebral column (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA1FF981C7FFE7E27C65098" box="[1293,1424,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Morphologically, it resembles the same region of extant
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981A6CFE1A21E450BC" box="[798,946,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981A6CFE1A21F850BC" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[798,942,477,503]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ceratophrys</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The part of the squamosal otic plate that is preserved is subquadrangular; the morphology of the posterolateral region cannot be assessed because it seems to be broken.An incomplete, although extensive, dorsal shield formed by several distinct and irregular plates is preserved over the vertebral column (extending over Presacrals I–VII).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA1FF9819B5FDAA27305270" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF9819B5FDAA236D53CC" bold="true" box="[199,315,621,647]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Both specimens have all of the diagnostic features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981AD4FDAA260553CC" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[934,1107,621,647]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ceratophryidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981DFEFDAA274E53CC" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1164,1304,621,647]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981DFEFDAA274E53CC" box="[1164,1304,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that can be evaluated (
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA1FF981861FD56231F53E0" box="[275,329,657,683]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pbkd-hmeb" name="Paleontologia de Vertebrados Lillo" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">PVL</collectionCode>
|
||
767: exostosis, parieto-squamosal arch, expanded squamosal otic ramus overlapping prootic, absence of pars palatina of maxilla [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981B61FD73209F5384" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[531,713,692,719]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ceratophryidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; nasals with robust, bar-shaped maxillary processes; postorbital fenestra [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF98198DFD1E23DD53B8" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[255,395,729,755]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF98198DFD1E23DD53B8" box="[255,395,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA1FF9818D2FD1E238253B8" box="[416,468,729,755]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pbkd-hmeb" name="Paleontologia de Vertebrados Lillo" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">PVL</collectionCode>
|
||
669: exostosis, parieto-squamosal arch, expanded otic ramus of squamosal overlapping prootic, transverse processes of the most anterior presacral vertebra distinctly expanded and long [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981DA9FD3B27C7525C" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[1243,1425,764,791]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ceratophryidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; postorbital fenestra [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF98180DFCE6205D5270" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[383,523,801,827]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF98180DFCE6205D5270" box="[383,523,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]). Thus, the generic assignment of both remains seems to be well supported.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA1FF9819B5FC8227385510" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Rusconi’s (1932) definition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981B46FC8221365214" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[564,864,837,863]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981B46FC8221365214" box="[564,864,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Ceratophrys ensenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was fundamentally based on alleged differences between the fossils and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF9818C0FCAE207752C8" baseAuthorityName="Fernicola" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[434,545,873,899]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF9818C0FCAE207752C8" box="[434,545,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">C. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He reported that: the nasals are more robust and expanded anteriorly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981CF1FCAE237D52EC" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981CF1FCAE237D52EC" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">C. ensenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF9818F5FC4A23A552EC" baseAuthorityName="Fernicola" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[391,499,909,935]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF9818F5FC4A23A552EC" box="[391,499,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">C. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the dermal ornamentation is high and tuberculate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981D3FFC4A275452EC" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[1101,1282,909,935]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981D3FFC4A275452EC" box="[1101,1282,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">C. ensenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in contrast to a reticulate pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF9818E3FC7623A95280" baseAuthorityName="Fernicola" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[401,511,945,971]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF9818E3FC7623A95280" box="[401,511,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">C. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and the dorsal shield is more expanded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981A80FC7626FE5280" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[1010,1192,945,971]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981A80FC7626FE5280" box="[1010,1192,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">C. ensenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Rusconi (1932) also mentioned differences in the posterior region of skull, but it is difficult to determine what, exactly, he described. For example, he refers to the “jugal” bone, but this element is absent in anurans; possibly he was referring to the squamosal or quadratojugal. Likewise, he references some osseous protuberances dorsal to the occipital condyles. Previous authors have expressed that this fossil species might be invalid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA1FF981ABFFB86268F5510" author="Baez, A. M. & Gasparini, Z. B." box="[973,1241,1089,1115]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" pagination="149 - 232" refId="ref20561" refString="Baez, A. M. & Gasparini, Z. B. d. (1977) Origen y evolucion de los anfibios y reptiles del Cenozoico de America del Sur. Acta Geologica Lilloana, XIV, 149 - 232." type="book chapter" year="1977">Báez & Gasparini 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA1FF981D97FB8627345510" author="Peri, S." box="[1253,1378,1089,1115]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" pagination="3 - 7" refId="ref24292" refString="Peri, S. (1993 a) Ceratophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae) en el Holoceno de Laguna Los Tres Reyes, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 30, 3 - 7." type="journal article" year="1993">Perí 1993a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA1FF9819B5FBA2231A5488" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The morphology of the specimens thought to be the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6B61881BFFA1FF981A69FBA2212B5534" box="[795,893,1125,1151]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA1FF981AFEFBA221945534" box="[908,962,1125,1151]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pbkd-hmeb" name="Paleontologia de Vertebrados Lillo" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">PVL</collectionCode>
|
||
767) and one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6B61881BFFA1FF981DC2FBA2274D5534" box="[1200,1307,1125,1151]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA1FF981C59FBA227375534" box="[1323,1377,1125,1151]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pbkd-hmeb" name="Paleontologia de Vertebrados Lillo" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">PVL</collectionCode>
|
||
669) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF9819CBFB4E23B555E8" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[185,483,1161,1187]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF9819CBFB4E23B555E8" box="[185,483,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Ceratophrys ensenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is subsumed by the intraspecific variation observed in the clade [
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981D95FB4E22B4558C" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981D95FB4E272355E8" authorityName="Barrio" authorityYear="1980" box="[1255,1397,1161,1187]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cranwelli">C. cranwelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981CF1FB4E22B4558C" baseAuthorityName="Fernicola" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">C. ornata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
] (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA1FF98198EFB6A23685583" box="[252,318,1197,1224]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).The proportions of the skull (including the partially preserved nasals) and of the dorsal shield resemble those observed in several specimens of the living species. The dermal ornamentation is also similar to that of extant membersof this clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA1FF981B76FB32201C5444" box="[516,586,1269,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The morphology of the dermal ornamentation has been a recurrent theme in taxonomic studies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF9818D1FADE20795478" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[419,559,1305,1331]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF9818D1FADE20795478" box="[419,559,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA1FF981B01FADE217D5478" author="Ameghino, F." box="[627,811,1305,1331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refId="ref20527" refString="Ameghino, F. (1899) Sinopsis geologico-paleontologica de la Argentina. Suplemento (adiciones y correcciones). Imprenta La Libertad (author edition), La Plata, 13 pp." type="book" year="1899">Ameghino 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D04B4B48FFA1FF981A47FADE26365478" author="Scanferla, A. & Agnolin, F." box="[821,1120,1304,1331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" pagination="323 - 333" refId="ref25497" refString="Scanferla, A. & Agnolin, F. (2015) Nuevos aportes al conocimiento de la herpetofauna de la formacion Cerro Azul (Mioceno superior), provincia de La Pampa, Argentina. Papeis avulsos de Zoologia, 55, 323 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0031 - 1049.2015.55.23" type="journal article" year="2015">Scanferla & Agnolín 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, dermal sculpturing is extremely variable intraspecifically, ontogenetically, and even topographically in the same individual (Nicoli 2017;
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA1FF981992FAA623735430" box="[224,293,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tuberculation described by Rusconi does not differ from that observed in some individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF9819E5FA42237554D4" authorityName="Barrio" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,291,1413,1439]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cranwelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF9819E5FA42237554D4" box="[151,291,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">C. cranwelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981829FA42239E54D4" baseAuthorityName="Fernicola" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[347,456,1413,1439]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981829FA42239E54D4" box="[347,456,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">C. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2CE12A3CFFA1FF9818AAFA42204B54D4" box="[472,541,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1312,1337]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,185,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,170,1300]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of selected fossil and living Ceratophrys. A, B, G, H, Ceratophrys ensenadensis, type series; A, B, holotype (PVL 767); G, H, paratype (PVL 699). D, E, I, C. rusconii, holotype (MACN 19744). C, F, J, C. ornata (C, AMB 160; F, J, AMB 154). A, D, G, ventral views; B, C, E, F, H, dorsal views; I, J, lateral views Abbreviations: ds, dorsal shield; fp, frontoparietal; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyles; pl, palatine; ppa, discrete pars palatina absent; pof, postorbital fenestra; psa, parietosquamosal arch; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sop, squamosal otic plate; v, vomer; V, vertebra; vr, squamosal ventral ramus; zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus. Scale bar is 5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373081/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus, there seems to be insufficient evidence to support the specific status of
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF9819E5FA6E231A5488" box="[151,332,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF9819E5FA6E231E5488" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,328,1449,1475]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">C.ensenadensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA1FF9819B5FA0A20B757F4" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="6B61881BFFA1FF98198BFA0A230D54AC" box="[249,347,1485,1511]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF98180DFA0A20F354AC" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[383,677,1485,1511]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF98180DFA0A20F354AC" box="[383,677,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Ceratophrys ensenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA1FF981BC0FA0A20BE54AC" box="[690,744,1485,1511]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pbkd-hmeb" name="Paleontologia de Vertebrados Lillo" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">PVL</collectionCode>
|
||
767) possesses several presumably pleisiomorphic features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF9819E5FA3623755740" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[151,291,1521,1547]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF9819E5FA3623755740" box="[151,291,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., subquadrangular squamosal otic plate lacking a dorsal projection and a concave dorsal surface or lateral wall, and extending posteriorly to the level of the occipital condyles). Moreover,
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA1FF981D14F9D226CC5764" box="[1126,1178,1557,1583]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pbkd-hmeb" name="Paleontologia de Vertebrados Lillo" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">PVL</collectionCode>
|
||
699 is too fragmentary to support its reference to a less-inclusive taxon within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981A74F9FE21C45718" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[774,914,1593,1619]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981A74F9FE21C45718" box="[774,914,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the presence of a dorsal shield may be a synapomorphy of the southeastern clade, its presence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981A3CF99A265D573C" authorityName="Fernicola" authorityYear="2001" box="[846,1035,1629,1655]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981A3CF99A265D573C" box="[846,1035,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">C. ameghinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has an unresolved phylogenetic position within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF9818F7F946204757D0" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[389,529,1665,1691]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF9818F7F946204757D0" box="[389,529,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, precludes inclusion of
|
||
<collectionCode id="D2CBAE7CFFA1FF981A6DF946210557D0" box="[799,851,1665,1691]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pbkd-hmeb" name="Paleontologia de Vertebrados Lillo" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">PVL</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="73229B5CFFA1FF981A28F94621F457D0" box="[858,930,1665,1691]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77546" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="699.0">699 in</quantity>
|
||
that clade. Additionally, there is no evidence that both of these fossils belong to the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B46536B9FFA1FF9819B5F90E21C15638" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Features of both fossil specimens support their referral to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981A2DF90E21BD57A8" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[863,1003,1737,1763]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981A2DF90E21BD57A8" box="[863,1003,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Ceratophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not their assignment to a less-inclusive taxon. The present study concludes that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981BCBF92A21B7564C" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[697,993,1773,1799]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981BCBF92A21B7564C" box="[697,993,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Ceratophrys ensenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not a valid species. Furthermore, its type series cannot be unequivocally assigned to any other species, and thus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981A93F8D626C35660" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[993,1173,1809,1835]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981A93F8D626C35660" box="[993,1173,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">C. ensenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be placed in the synonymy of another species. Because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DA4D3AFFA1FF981B28F8F2215E5604" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1932" box="[602,776,1845,1871]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Ceratophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ensenadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981B28F8F2215E5604" box="[602,776,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">C.ensenadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a designated
|
||
<typeStatus id="6B61881BFFA1FF981AA4F8F2266D5604" box="[982,1083,1845,1871]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the name cannot be discarded without further evidence and, thus, is considered
|
||
<emphasis id="86AEEAABFFA1FF981BCCF89D21C65638" box="[702,912,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">species inquirenda</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |