227 lines
27 KiB
XML
227 lines
27 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="5F765337FD29426312901B78BA5D7C00">
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<mods:title id="07045445583BBE7A86A22E651346A6B3">Heteromyidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="963A455D599D0ED1936226743B91AC7C">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55A833C5A33DAAE74A28CB9360BE4A82">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="31949C8CEEB5954C9E442FAA9835666E">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="18E7BE88DCEE8796F35E3432268E4A9D">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="FF9EF571D890B3A99CB90DC6C98926A0">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="07EB7AF0F3B11589D25F9A75844691ED">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="474F4E75D310CBEB9EA4543B51FF6FA7">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="3C3D87A6876CB1361B9C5E30F619FB34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611528" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195730804" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6611528" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C3D87A6876CB1361B9C5E30F619FB34" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C3D87A6876CB1361B9C5E30F619FB34" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB1361B9C5E30FF6AF7A9" box="[197,254,2082,2132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361B9C5E30FF6AF7A9" blockId="35.[196,1302,2082,2173]" box="[197,254,2082,2132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<heading id="EF6381DC876CB1361B9C5E30FF6AF7A9" box="[197,254,2082,2132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<figureCitation id="2CAF2A35876CB1361B9C5E30FF6AF7A9" box="[197,254,2082,2132]" captionStart="Plate 11: Heteromyidae" captionStartId="28.[107,137,3285,3310]" captionTargetBox="[13,2733,16,3643]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="45. Dark Kangaroo Mouse (Microdipodops megacephalus), 46. Pallid Kangaroo Mouse (Microdipodops pallidus), 47. Desert Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys deserti), 48. Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys spectabilis), 49. Nelson’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nelsoni), 50. Texas Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys elator), 51. Plateau Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ornatus), 52. Phillips’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys phillipsu), 53. San Quintin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys gravipes), 54. Merriam’s. 9 Kangaroo Rat. Dipodomys merriami (null), 55. Ord’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ordu), 56. Gulf Coast Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys compactus), 57. California Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys californicus), 58. Narrow-faced Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys venustus), 59. Agile Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys agilis), 60. Dulzura Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys simulans), 61. Giant Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ingens), 62. Chisel-toothed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys microps), 63. San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides), 64. Stephens’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephenst), 65. Heermann' ’ s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys heermanni), 66. Panamint Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys panamintinus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6611358/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">57.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB1361A495E30FC99F7A9" box="[272,781,2082,2132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361A495E30FC99F7A9" blockId="35.[196,1302,2082,2173]" box="[272,781,2082,2132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<heading id="EF6381DC876CB1361A495E30FC99F7A9" box="[272,781,2082,2132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361A495E30FC99F7A9" authority="Kangaroo Rat" authorityName="Kangaroo Rat" box="[272,781,2082,2132]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="California" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E876CB1361A495E30FC99F7A9" box="[272,781,2082,2132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">California Kangaroo Rat</vernacularName>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB136180B5E30FB64F7A9" box="[850,1264,2082,2132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB136180B5E30FB64F7A9" blockId="35.[196,1302,2082,2173]" box="[850,1264,2082,2132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<heading id="EF6381DC876CB136180B5E30FB64F7A9" box="[850,1264,2082,2132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB136180B5E30FB64F7A9" ID-CoL="36PMK" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1890" box="[850,1264,2082,2132]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB136180B5E30FB64F7A9" box="[850,1264,2082,2132]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Dipodomys californicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB1361B9C5E74FA81F786" box="[197,1301,2150,2171]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361B9C5E74FA81F786" blockId="35.[196,1302,2082,2173]" box="[197,1301,2150,2171]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<heading id="EF6381DC876CB1361B9C5E74FA81F786" box="[197,1301,2150,2171]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB1361B9C5E74FE84F786" bold="true" box="[197,272,2150,2171]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E876CB1361A435E74FDBAF786" box="[282,558,2150,2171]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Rat-kangourou de Californie</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB136191A5E74FD0AF786" bold="true" box="[579,670,2150,2171]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E876CB13619F15E74FC02F786" box="[680,918,2150,2171]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Kalifornien-Kangururatte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB13618F35E74FB92F786" bold="true" box="[938,1030,2150,2171]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E876CB1361F495E74FA81F786" box="[1040,1301,2150,2171]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Rata canguro de California</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB13618715EBBFC5CF70F" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB13618715EBBFC5CF70F" blockId="35.[808,1402,2217,2644]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB13618715EBBFC57F737" bold="true" box="[808,963,2217,2250]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13618BA5EBBFC57F70F" ID-CoL="36PMK" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">Dipodomys californicus Merriam, 1890</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB13618815ECBFC40F6E4" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB13618815ECBFC40F6E4" blockId="35.[808,1402,2217,2644]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<materialsCitation id="04FC3CED876CB13618815ECBFC40F6E4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802894342" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Ukiah, Mendocino Co., California, USA.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB13618705F0DFB8CF4E5" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB13618705F0DFB8CF4E5" blockId="35.[808,1402,2217,2644]" lastBlockId="35.[196,1402,2650,3470]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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Based on molecular sequence analyses,
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13618715F54FC77F69A" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1890" box="[808,995,2374,2407]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">D. californicus</taxonomicName>
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is basal to and outside of the
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13618735F7CFC24F672" authorityName="Le Conte" authorityYear="1853" box="[810,944,2414,2447]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heermanni">heermanni</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13618A55F7CFBABF672" authorityName="Gambel" authorityYear="1848" box="[1020,1087,2414,2447]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">agilis</taxonomicName>
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species groups; it was formerly included as three subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13618715FAEFC43F620" authorityName="Le Conte" authorityYear="1853" box="[808,983,2492,2525]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heermanni">D. heermanni</taxonomicName>
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. Differences in chromosomal diploid number between the fourtoed
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13618715C1DFC72F5D1" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1890" box="[808,998,2575,2604]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">D. californicus</taxonomicName>
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(2n = 52) and the five-toed
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13618715C21FC4EF5A9" authorityName="Le Conte" authorityYear="1853" box="[808,986,2611,2644]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heermanni">D. heermanni</taxonomicName>
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(2n = 64) led to suggestions that the two were specifically distinct and that
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13618045C48FB8EF586" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1890" box="[861,1050,2650,2683]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">D. californicus</taxonomicName>
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might be closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361BB05C97FE01F55F" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1894" box="[233,405,2693,2722]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitratoides">D. nitratoides</taxonomicName>
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(2n = 54) and
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB136193D5C97FD6BF55F" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1892" box="[612,767,2693,2722]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Perognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merriami">D. merriami</taxonomicName>
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(2n = 52)—both have four toes. Biochemical evidence clearly supported karyotypic evidence for specific distinction of
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361F845CBAFF7BF50C" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">D. californicus</taxonomicName>
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, but it demonstrated that morphological similarities between it and the latter two species are merely convergent. Three subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB1361B9C5D30FDD8F3AE" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="distribution">
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<caption id="E0EB6638876CB1361B9C5D30FDD8F3AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611305" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6611305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6611305/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" targetBox="[194,784,2226,2641]" targetPageId="35">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361B9C5D30FDDCF448" blockId="35.[196,1402,2650,3470]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB1361B9C5D30FDC0F4C2" bold="true" box="[197,596,2850,2879]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361B9C5D54FDDCF448" authority="Merriam, 1890" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="californicus" subSpecies="californicus">D.c.californicusMerriam,1890—WUSA(NoftheSacramento-SanJoaquinEstuarysystemintheCoastMtsofNCaliforniatoSOregonandontheModocPlateautotheCalifornia—Nevadaborder).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361B9C5DAEFDEFF3F9" blockId="35.[196,1402,2650,3470]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361B9C5DAEFDEFF3F9" authority="Grinnell, 1919" authorityName="Grinnell" authorityYear="1919" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="californicus" subSpecies="eximius">D.c.eximiusGrinnell,1919—WUSA(restrictedtovicinityofMarysvilleButtesinNCalifornia),butmaybeextinct.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361B9D5A01FDD8F3AE" blockId="35.[196,1402,2650,3470]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361B9D5A01FD63F3D1" authority="Grinnell & Linsdale, 1929" authorityName="Grinnell & Linsdale" authorityYear="1929" box="[196,759,3091,3116]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="californicus" subSpecies="saxatilis">D. c. saxatilis Grinnell & Linsdale, 1929</taxonomicName>
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— W USA (foothills on E edge of the Sacramento Valley, N
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361AF55A28FDAAF3AE" box="[428,574,3130,3155]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="California" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">California</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB1361B9C5A4CF9B8FE70" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361B9C5A4CF9B8FE70" blockId="35.[196,1402,2650,3470]" lastBlockId="35.[1470,2677,291,1227]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB1361B9C5A4CFE29F386" bold="true" box="[197,445,3166,3195]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body 108-123 mm, tail 152-217 mm, ear mean 15 mm, hindfoot 39-47 mm; weight 57-85 g. Male California Kangaroo Rats are slightly larger than females. This is a medium-sized, dark-colored kangaroo rat with large ears, four toes on hindfeet (rarely five, including small claw on side of hindfoot), broad face, and relatively small auditory bullae. Upper parts are dark reddish brown; tail is bicolored with broad, dark dorsal and ventral stripes and a white tuft at the tip. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 52 and FN = 96. Compared with other kangaroo rats in the same or adjacent areas, the California Kangaroo Rat is distinguished by the combination of four toes on hindfoot, medium size, dark color, and small auditory bullae. It most resembles the Texas Kangaroo Rat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361CE15757F7BFFE9B" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1894" box="[1976,2091,325,358]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elator">D. elator</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a geographically and phyletically distant relative.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB1361EE65786F59BFDD6" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361EE65786F59BFDD6" blockId="35.[1470,2677,291,1227]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB1361EE65786F9BBFE48" bold="true" box="[1471,1583,404,437]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Open areas within chaparral and other scrub communities at elevations up to ¢.1300 m. Burrows of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361DA957A9F7C4FE21" authority="Kangaroo Rats" authorityName="Kangaroo Rats" box="[1776,2128,443,476]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="California" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">California Kangaroo Rats</taxonomicName>
|
||
are made in well-drained soils, at bases of shrubs, near old stumps, and under boulders. They are known to use abandoned burrows of ground squirrels (Callospermophilus, Otospermophilus, and Urocitellus)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB1361EE65423F63FFD0D" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361EE65423F63FFD0D" blockId="35.[1470,2677,291,1227]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB1361EE65423F952FDAF" bold="true" box="[1471,1734,561,594]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Diet of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361C2C5423F759FDAF" authority="Kangaroo Rat" authorityName="Kangaroo Rat" box="[1909,2253,561,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="California" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">California Kangaroo Rat</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains seeds of forbs, grasses, and shrubs, including manzanita (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361C8A544AF71DFD84" box="[2003,2185,600,633]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Arctostaphylos</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13613CB544AF68BFD84" box="[2194,2335,600,633]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), buckthorn (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13612BD544AF5F8FD84" box="[2532,2668,600,633]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceanothus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361E995496F9E8FD5C" box="[1472,1660,644,673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rhamnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), rabbitbrush (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361C095496F78EFD5C" box="[1872,2074,644,673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysothamnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chrysothamnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13613715496F752FD5C" box="[2088,2246,644,673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), lupines (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13612025496F65FFD5C" box="[2395,2507,644,673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lupinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lupinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13612855496F5F7FD5C" authorityName="Lindley & John" authorityYear="1830" box="[2524,2659,644,673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and introduced bur-clover (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361C1454BEF85DFD34" box="[1869,1993,684,713]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Medicago</taxonomicName>
|
||
hispida,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB136131A54BEF751FD34" authorityName="Lindley & John" authorityYear="1830" box="[2115,2245,684,713]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and wild oats (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB13612EB54BEF592FD34" box="[2482,2566,684,713]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Avena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avena</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB136114054BEFA77FD0D" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Small tubers, green vegetation, and probably insects are also eaten.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB1361EE654E4F621FC9B" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361EE654E4F621FC9B" blockId="35.[1470,2677,291,1227]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB1361EE654E4F9D2FCEA" bold="true" box="[1471,1606,758,791]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding season of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361CF654E4F69AFCEA" authority="Kangaroo Rat" authorityName="Kangaroo Rat" box="[1967,2318,758,791]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="California" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">California Kangaroo Rat</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in February—September, with greatest activity in February—-April. Two litters may be produced each year: a litter of c.3 young in spring and c.2 young in summer or autumn.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB1361EE7557EF859FC21" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361EE7557EF859FC21" blockId="35.[1470,2677,291,1227]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB1361EE7557EF93FFC70" bold="true" box="[1470,1707,876,909]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876CB1361DA4557EF7C3FC70" authority="Kangaroo Rat" authorityName="Kangaroo Rat" box="[1789,2135,876,909]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="California" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">California Kangaroo Rat</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be active on rainy nights and on snow at temperatures as low as —11°C. Individuals have been observed pushing mud out of their burrows after heavy rains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB1361EE655F0F900FBD6" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361EE655F0F900FBD6" blockId="35.[1470,2677,291,1227]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB1361EE655F0F713FBFE" bold="true" box="[1471,2183,994,1027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB1361E995220F64DFBAE" box="[1472,2521,1074,1107]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361E995220F64DFBAE" blockId="35.[1470,2677,291,1227]" box="[1472,2521,1074,1107]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB1361E995220F889FBAE" bold="true" box="[1472,1821,1074,1107]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876CB1361E995270F619FB34" pageId="35" pageNumber="228" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876CB1361E995270F619FB34" blockId="35.[1470,2677,291,1227]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876CB1361E995270F9CDFB86" bold="true" box="[1472,1625,1122,1147]" pageId="35" pageNumber="228">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Alexander & Riddle (2005), Best (1993a), Eisenberg (1963, 1993), Hafner et al. (2007), Hall (1981), Ingles (1954), Jameson & Peeters (1988), Jones (1993), Kelt (1988b, 1999a), Linzey & NatureServe (Hammerson) (2008b), Patton & Rogers (1993), Patton et al. (1976), Williams et al. (1993).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |