223 lines
28 KiB
XML
223 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="0E49C205A46C2A81362EF0A4FB4B82E3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9EDE41ABCEBE7FE84BB1E0C8BD7EFE31">
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<mods:title id="3FAB3A2F52EBE2F3B519ABFC5004F891">Heteromyidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1DC1E01E8346D8241577D96BBE01F9C5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7C83E89919BBD5465D867271E304DF6F">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="94D7FB4C914F1054A0511FF9BED9E4DD">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="37A1D0D2E7D5648193BA1CC250528F03">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CE50CB4CEE141621FADB9749EC4343C9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="0D7DE7A26CFB72D1673CFB13227F25B5">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="16D8DFA2ADD59DDE0CD0D9C7D07B2E8D" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="B4F4E273A3BE286E35ECEF198137D361">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="1A69C9BC3E7A530DDF6F42868262513C">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="64F4B94D8A4FD2F7CD4977F4DFB4E5EB">
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<mods:title id="0BC8CB410D1372DB50AF932D431398F0">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="3C3D87A6876BB1311B035211F68EFC4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6608114" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195730794" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6608114" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C3D87A6876BB1311B035211F68EFC4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C3D87A6876BB1311B035211F68EFC4A" lastPageNumber="929" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB1311B035211FF07FBCC" box="[90,147,1027,1073]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311B035211FF07FBCC" blockId="36.[88,980,1027,1155]" box="[90,147,1027,1073]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
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<figureCitation id="2CAF2A35876BB1311B035211FF07FBCC" box="[90,147,1027,1073]" captionStart="Plate 11: Heteromyidae" captionStartId="28.[107,137,3285,3310]" captionTargetBox="[13,2733,16,3643]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="45. Dark Kangaroo Mouse (Microdipodops megacephalus), 46. Pallid Kangaroo Mouse (Microdipodops pallidus), 47. Desert Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys deserti), 48. Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys spectabilis), 49. Nelson’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nelsoni), 50. Texas Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys elator), 51. Plateau Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ornatus), 52. Phillips’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys phillipsu), 53. San Quintin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys gravipes), 54. Merriam’s. 9 Kangaroo Rat. Dipodomys merriami (null), 55. Ord’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ordu), 56. Gulf Coast Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys compactus), 57. California Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys californicus), 58. Narrow-faced Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys venustus), 59. Agile Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys agilis), 60. Dulzura Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys simulans), 61. Giant Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ingens), 62. Chisel-toothed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys microps), 63. San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides), 64. Stephens’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephenst), 65. Heermann' ’ s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys heermanni), 66. Panamint Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys panamintinus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6611358/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">59.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB1311BFB5211FDA8FBCC" box="[162,572,1027,1073]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311BFB5211FDA8FBCC" blockId="36.[88,980,1027,1155]" box="[162,572,1027,1073]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E876BB1311BFB5211FDA8FBCC" box="[162,572,1027,1073]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Agile Kangaroo Rat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB13119D85211FC3DFBCC" box="[641,937,1027,1073]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB13119D85211FC3DFBCC" blockId="36.[88,980,1027,1155]" box="[641,937,1027,1073]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB13119D85211FC3DFBCC" ID-CoL="36PMJ" authorityName="Gambel" authorityYear="1848" box="[641,937,1027,1073]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876BB13119D85211FC3DFBCC" box="[641,937,1027,1073]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Dipodomys agilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB1311B005251FC9DFB82" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311B005251FC40FBA5" blockId="36.[88,980,1027,1155]" box="[89,980,1091,1112]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
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French:
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E876BB1311BF65251FEE0FBA5" box="[175,372,1091,1112]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Rat-kangourou agile</vernacularName>
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/ German:
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E876BB1311AB45251FD25FBA5" box="[493,689,1091,1112]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Pazifik-Kangururatte</vernacularName>
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/ Spanish:
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E876BB13118725251FC40FBA5" box="[811,980,1091,1112]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Rata canguro &gil</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311B005278FC9DFB82" blockId="36.[88,980,1027,1155]" box="[89,777,1130,1151]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
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Other common names:
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E876BB1311A035278FDBAFB82" box="[346,558,1130,1151]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Nimble Kangaroo Rat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E876BB13119645278FC9DFB82" box="[573,777,1130,1151]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Pacific Kangaroo Rat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB13119E452A6FA9FFB30" box="[701,1291,1204,1229]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB13119E452A6FA9FFB30" blockId="36.[701,1296,1204,1622]" box="[701,1291,1204,1229]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876BB13119E452A6FCCCFB30" bold="true" box="[701,856,1204,1229]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB131183A52A6FA92FB30" ID-CoL="36PMJ" authority="Gambel, 1848" authorityName="Gambel" authorityYear="1848" box="[867,1286,1204,1229]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">Dipodomys agilis Gambel, 1848</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB13119E752C9FC96FAE1" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB13119E752C9FC96FAE1" blockId="36.[701,1296,1204,1622]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
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<materialsCitation id="04FC3CED876BB13119E752C9FC96FAE1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802894306" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co., California, USA.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB13119E75330FC24F930" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB13119E75330FC24F930" blockId="36.[701,1296,1204,1622]" lastBlockId="36.[90,1300,1629,3475]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
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Based on molecular sequence analyses,
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB13119E4535BFCB8FA97" authorityName="Gambel" authorityYear="1848" box="[701,812,1353,1386]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">D. agilis</taxonomicName>
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is a member of the
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311F07535BFB34FA97" authorityName="Gambel" authorityYear="1848" box="[1118,1184,1353,1386]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">agilis</taxonomicName>
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species group, along with
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB13118965363FBFBFA6F" authority="Merriam, 1904" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1904" box="[975,1135,1393,1426]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulans">D. simulans</taxonomicName>
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and D. venustus.
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311876538EFBD5FA44" authority="Merriam, 1904" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1904" box="[815,1089,1436,1465]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulans">Dipodomys simulans</taxonomicName>
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, formerly included in this species, was found to differ karyotypically (different 2n), allozymically, morphologically (external, cranial, and bacular characters), and ecologically, and the two species are probably sympatric in Cajon Pass, separating the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountains. Other likely formersites of sympatry have probably been engulfed by urban development. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB1311B0350C6FD71F86F" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="distribution">
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<caption id="E0EB6638876BB1311B0350C6FD71F86F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6611312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6611312/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" targetBox="[87,677,1209,1623]" targetPageId="36">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311B0350C6FE7EF908" blockId="36.[90,1300,1629,3475]" box="[90,490,1748,1781]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876BB1311B0350C6FE7EF908" bold="true" box="[90,490,1748,1781]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311B0350E9FD2CF8B9" blockId="36.[90,1300,1629,3475]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311B0350E9FD2CF8B9" authority="Gambel, 1848" authorityName="Gambel" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="agilis" subSpecies="agilis">D. a. agilisGambel, 1848 — SWUSA (LosAngelesBasinandfoothillsofSanGabrielandSanBernardinoMtsofSWCalifornia).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311B035158FD71F86F" blockId="36.[90,1300,1629,3475]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311B035158FE79F896" authority="Merriam, 1907" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1907" box="[90,493,1866,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="agilis" subSpecies="perplexus">D. a. perplexus Merriam, 1907</taxonomicName>
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— SW USA (S Sierra
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB13118565158FB88F896" authority=", Tehachapi" authorityName="Tehachapi" box="[783,1052,1866,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Nevada" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nevada, Tehachapi</taxonomicName>
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, and San Gabriel Mts, N San Fernando Valley of SW
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB131191C5163FD4CF86F" box="[581,728,1905,1938]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="California" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">California</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB1311B03518FFC72F41C" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311B03518FFC72F41C" blockId="36.[90,1300,1629,3475]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876BB1311B03518FFEC7F847" bold="true" box="[90,339,1949,1978]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 115-125 mm (males) and 107-113 mm (females), tail 170-195 mm (males) and 170-192 mm (females), ear 13-15 mm, hindfoot 40-46 mm; weight 66-79 g (males) and 63-78 g (females). Male Agile Kangaroo Rats are slightly larger than females. Tail is 155% of head—body length. This is a medium-sized kangaroo rat with large ears, five toes on hindfeet (including small claw on side of hindfoot), and narrow skull. Upper parts are dark reddish brown or dusky cinnamon buff; tail is bicolored, with dull brownish-black crest and tuft.Juveniles have a darker pelage than adults and lack elongated crests of hairs on their tails. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 62 and FN = 110-116. The Agile Kangaroo Rat is most similar to the Dulzura Kangaroo Rat (
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311BF95F12FEAFF6E0" authority="Merriam, 1904" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1904" box="[160,315,2304,2333]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulans">D. simulans</taxonomicName>
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) that is smaller with smaller ears and narrower face; the Narrow-faced Kangaroo Rat (
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311A695F31FE53F6B9" authorityName="Huey" authorityYear="1930" box="[304,455,2339,2372]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venustus">D. venustus</taxonomicName>
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) that is larger with longer ears and narrower face; and Heermann’s Kangaroo Rat (
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311AC65F5CFDD8F696" authorityName="Le Conte" authorityYear="1853" box="[415,588,2382,2411]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heermanni">D. heermanni</taxonomicName>
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) that is larger with smaller ears and widerface)
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876BB1311FBA5F5CFF5FF66E" bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primarily open woodland and chaparral communities of foothills of Transverse Ranges of west-central California at elevations of 500-2250 m. The Agile Kangaroo Rat is most commonly found in open chaparral and coastal sage communities and is most abundant in level tracts of coastal sage. Its limited digging ability restricts it to areas of loose soils, such as sandy areas within chaparral. It does not occur where ground is covered with plant debris, as in heavy chaparral with scrub oak (
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311FC65C24FA9EF5AA" box="[1183,1290,2614,2647]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311B045C70FF4AF582" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[93,222,2658,2687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and lilac (
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<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311AD95C70FD9DF582" box="[384,521,2658,2687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceanothus</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB13119405C70FD41F582" box="[537,725,2658,2687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rhamnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The Agile Kangaroo Rat often burrows within and along arroyos, and large colonies occur locally on sandy soils adjacent to large washes. Species of rodents co-occurring with the Agile Kangaroo Rat include the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311B045CC6FE74F508" authority="Ground Squirrel" authorityName="Ground Squirrel" box="[93,480,2772,2805]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="California" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">California Ground Squirrel</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Otospermophilus beecheyt), Botta’s Pocket Gopher (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311FF75CC6FF18F4E1" authorityName="Wied-Neuwied" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Thomomys</taxonomicName>
|
||
bottae), the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311A765D11FD10F4E1" authority="Pocket Mouse" authorityName="Pocket Mouse" box="[303,644,2819,2844]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="California" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">California Pocket Mouse</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB13119C65D11FC4DF4E1" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[671,985,2819,2844]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Chaetodipus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">Chaetodipus californicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Merriam’s Kangaroo Rat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311BFC5D30FE2CF4BE" authorityName="Mearns" authorityYear="1890" box="[165,440,2850,2883]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merriami">Dipodomys merriami</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Stephens’s Kangaroo Rat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB13118035D30FC6AF4BE" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[858,1022,2850,2883]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stephensi">D. stephensi</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Dusky-footed Woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes), and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB131192A5D58FC3AF496" authority="Deermouse" authorityName="Deermouse" box="[627,942,2890,2923]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="California" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">California Deermouse</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Peromyscus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311F305D58FA95F496" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1129,1281,2890,2923]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Chaetodipus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">californicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Coyotes (Canis latrans) excavate burrow systems and are major predators, along with western rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis), great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), Bobcats (Lynx rufus), and Northern Gray Foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB1311B045DFAFCC5F26E" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311B045DFAFCC5F26E" blockId="36.[90,1300,1629,3475]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876BB1311B045DFAFEFEF3F4" bold="true" box="[93,362,3048,3081]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Diet of the Agile Kangaroo contains seeds of forbs, grasses, and shrubs, including laurel sumac (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB13119685A01FDE2F3CD" box="[561,630,3091,3120]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhus</taxonomicName>
|
||
laurina,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB13119AC5A01FC50F3CD" box="[757,964,3091,3120]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and chamise (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311FF55A01FF09F3AA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Adenostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Adenostoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311BF65A24FEA2F3AA" box="[175,310,3126,3159]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), scrub oak acorns, and juniper (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB13118485A24FC1AF3AA" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[785,910,3126,3159]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Juniperus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB13118F95A24FBCAF3AA" box="[928,1118,3126,3159]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) berries. Insects are also eaten. One juvenile had c.550 seeds of bromegrass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311F405A4CFBE9F382" box="[1049,1149,3166,3199]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bromus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311FC95A4CFA97F382" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[1168,1283,3166,3199]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) stuffed into its cheek pouches. One excavated burrow was oval in cross-section, c¢.5 cm in diameter, sloping gently from entrance to main burrow c.20 cm belowground for 2:5 m, then c.0-5 m deep for another 2 m, where led to another entrance under a small perennial plant. There were six branches in the burrow, each terminating in an enlarged chamber. A nest of hulls of grass seeds was in one chamber; other chambers, usually closed with a plug of earth, contained stored acorns, grass seeds, and parts of flowers. Closed storage chambers held 29-149 acorns.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB1311E0B570DF670FE9A" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311E0B570DF670FE9A" blockId="36.[1361,2570,287,956]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876BB1311E0B570DFA4DFEBD" bold="true" box="[1362,1497,287,320]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding season of the Agile Kangaroo Rat occurs in March—July, although some litters may be born in autumn. Averagelitter sizes are 2-3 young (range 2-4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB1311E08577CF591FDF8" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311E08577CF591FDF8" blockId="36.[1361,2570,287,956]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876BB1311E08577CF9D4FE72" bold="true" box="[1361,1600,366,399]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
During nocturnal foraging, Agile Kangaroo Rats can harvest large amounts of seeds: in experiments, one 58-g individual moved c.300 g of sunflower (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB13112835787FA2AFE23" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Helianthus</taxonomicName>
|
||
annuus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D33876BB1311D6F57AFF95BFE23" box="[1590,1743,445,478]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) seeds in one night. Burrow opening is sometimes plugged during the day. Experiments indicate that Agile Kangaroo Ratis an excellent swimmer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB1311E0A5419F902FD5E" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311E0A5419F902FD5E" blockId="36.[1361,2570,287,956]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876BB1311E0A5419F7B4FDD1" bold="true" box="[1363,2080,523,556]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Densities of Agile Kangaroo Rats were 5-15 ind/ha occur in pinyon-juniper habitat from mid-September to mid-March, but densities can range from 6 ind/ha to 232 ind/ha. Populations increase after fires that create open space.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB1311E0A54BBF75AFCBC" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311E0A54BBF75AFCBC" blockId="36.[1361,2570,287,956]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876BB1311E0A54BBF923FD37" bold="true" box="[1363,1719,681,714]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Populations of the Agile Kangaroo Rat in the Los Angeles Basin and foothills of the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountains have been extirpated, and others are likely decreasing due to urbanization and related habitat destruction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B876BB1311E0D555DF68EFC4A" pageId="36" pageNumber="929" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B0876BB1311E0D555DF68EFC4A" blockId="36.[1361,2570,287,956]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA2876BB1311E0D555DFA79FC95" bold="true" box="[1364,1517,847,872]" pageId="36" pageNumber="929">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Alexander & Riddle (2005), Best (1993a, 1999b), Best et al. (1986), Eisenberg (1963, 1993), Hafner et al. (2007), Hall (1981), Ingles (1954), Jones (1993), Linzey & NatureServe (Hammerson) (2008a), Patton & Rogers (1993), Price & Waser (1984), Sullivan & Best (1997), Williams et al. (1993).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |