238 lines
29 KiB
XML
238 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="31AAD2A0EA2F4ABE40353E3E850752DC">Heteromyidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C8C3C25E4536C9D44D3908E06F89F20E">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FEE2B0C73409ED11C23A0DDB57748C64">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="194803F26F4D69B359312C1434EBC297">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="BFF4DE1A24DBD47C615DB8EC967629A2">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:title id="BC72BA866675A9A0EFAD035D91118D2E">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="3C3D87A68767B13D1B3B5107F8C0F648" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6608134" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195730792" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6608134" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C3D87A68767B13D1B3B5107F8C0F648" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C3D87A68767B13D1B3B5107F8C0F648" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D1B3B5107FF0EF8BE" box="[98,154,1813,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1B3B5107FF0EF8BE" blockId="40.[95,1212,1813,1941]" box="[98,154,1813,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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<heading id="EF6381DC8767B13D1B3B5107FF0EF8BE" box="[98,154,1813,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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<figureCitation id="2CAF2A358767B13D1B3B5107FF0EF8BE" box="[98,154,1813,1859]" captionStart="Plate 11: Heteromyidae" captionStartId="28.[107,137,3285,3310]" captionTargetBox="[13,2733,16,3643]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="45. Dark Kangaroo Mouse (Microdipodops megacephalus), 46. Pallid Kangaroo Mouse (Microdipodops pallidus), 47. Desert Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys deserti), 48. Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys spectabilis), 49. Nelson’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nelsoni), 50. Texas Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys elator), 51. Plateau Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ornatus), 52. Phillips’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys phillipsu), 53. San Quintin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys gravipes), 54. Merriam’s. 9 Kangaroo Rat. Dipodomys merriami (null), 55. Ord’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ordu), 56. Gulf Coast Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys compactus), 57. California Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys californicus), 58. Narrow-faced Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys venustus), 59. Agile Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys agilis), 60. Dulzura Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys simulans), 61. Giant Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ingens), 62. Chisel-toothed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys microps), 63. San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides), 64. Stephens’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephenst), 65. Heermann' ’ s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys heermanni), 66. Panamint Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys panamintinus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6611358/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">66.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D1BF55107FD37F8BE" box="[172,675,1813,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1BF55107FD37F8BE" blockId="40.[95,1212,1813,1941]" box="[172,675,1813,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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<heading id="EF6381DC8767B13D1BF55107FD37F8BE" box="[172,675,1813,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E8767B13D1BF55107FD37F8BE" box="[172,675,1813,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Panamint Kangaroo Rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D19BE5107FB2FF8BE" box="[743,1211,1813,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D19BE5107FB2FF8BE" blockId="40.[95,1212,1813,1941]" box="[743,1211,1813,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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||
<heading id="EF6381DC8767B13D19BE5107FB2FF8BE" box="[743,1211,1813,1859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D19BE5107FB2FF8BE" ID-CoL="36PN4" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[743,1211,1813,1859]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamintinus">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D19BE5107FB2FF8BE" box="[743,1211,1813,1859]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Dipodomys panamintinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D1B385147FDA2F86E" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1B385147FB0AF897" blockId="40.[95,1212,1813,1941]" box="[97,1182,1877,1898]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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<heading id="EF6381DC8767B13D1B385147FB0AF897" box="[97,1182,1877,1898]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D1B385147FF38F897" bold="true" box="[97,172,1877,1898]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E8767B13D1BEF5147FE42F897" box="[182,470,1877,1898]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Rat-kangourou des Panamint</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D1AB35147FDD1F897" bold="true" box="[490,581,1877,1898]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E8767B13D19165147FC89F897" box="[591,797,1877,1898]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Mojave-Kéngururatte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D186B5147FC19F897" bold="true" box="[818,909,1877,1898]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E8767B13D18CE5147FB0AF897" box="[919,1182,1877,1898]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Rata canguro de Panamint</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1B38516CFDA2F86E" blockId="40.[95,1212,1813,1941]" box="[97,566,1918,1939]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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<heading id="EF6381DC8767B13D1B38516CFDA2F86E" box="[97,566,1918,1939]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D1B38516CFECCF86E" bold="true" box="[97,344,1918,1939]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="3A97469E8767B13D1A3B516CFDA2F86E" box="[354,566,1918,1939]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Mojave Kangaroo Rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D199C51D0FC3CF7FB" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D199C51D0FC3CF7FB" blockId="40.[709,1304,1986,2409]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D199C51D0FCF4F822" bold="true" box="[709,864,1986,2015]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D18FD51D0FC37F7FB" ID-CoL="4F78N" authority="Merriam, 1894" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Perodipus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamintinus">Perodipus panamintinus Merriam, 1894</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D189951FBFCDCF780" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D189951FBFCDCF780" blockId="40.[709,1304,1986,2409]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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<materialsCitation id="04FC3CED8767B13D189951FBFCDCF780" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802894319" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">head of Willow Creek [c.6,200 ft., c.3 mi. NE Jackass Spring], Panamint Mountains, Inyo Co., California, USA.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D199E5E90FB78F6BC" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D199E5E90FB78F6BC" blockId="40.[709,1304,1986,2409]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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Based on molecular sequence analyses,
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D199F5EBDFC3DF731" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1894" box="[710,937,2223,2252]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Perodipus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamintinus">D. panamintinus</taxonomicName>
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is a member of the
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1FB95EBDFC89F70F" authorityName="Le Conte" authorityYear="1853" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heermanni">heermanni</taxonomicName>
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species group along with D. heer manni,
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D18725F13FC2EF6E7" authorityName="Huey" authorityYear="1925" box="[811,954,2305,2330]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravipes">D. gravipes</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D189E5F13FBD4F6E7" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1904" box="[967,1088,2305,2330]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Perodipus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">D. ingens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1F145F13FB40F6E7" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1101,1236,2305,2330]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">D. microps</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D199E5F32FCCAF6BC" box="[711,862,2336,2369]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Perodipus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stephens">D.stephens</taxonomicName>
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. Five subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D199E5F5AF888FDAC" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="distribution">
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<caption id="E0EB66388767B13D199E5F5AF888FDAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6611334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6611334/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" targetBox="[96,686,1995,2409]" targetPageId="40">
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D199E5F5AFBC3F694" blockId="40.[709,1304,1986,2409]" box="[711,1111,2376,2409]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D199E5F5AFBC3F694" bold="true" box="[711,1111,2376,2409]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1B3A5F62FD29F647" blockId="40.[99,1304,2416,2490]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1B3A5F62FD29F647" authority="Merriam, 1894" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1894" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="panamintinus" subSpecies="panamintinus">D. p. panamintinusMerriam, 1894 — SWUSA (restricteddistributioninthePanamintMtsoftheMojaveDesertinSECalifornia).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1E0D5708F88DFE99" blockId="40.[1363,2578,282,2488]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1E0D5708F88DFE99" authority="Huey, 1945" authorityName="Huey" authorityYear="1945" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="panamintinus" subSpecies="argusensis">D. p. argusensisHuey, 1945 — SWUSA (restricteddistributionintheArgusMtsoftheMojaveDesertinSECalifornia).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1E0D577AF8AAFE4F" blockId="40.[1363,2578,282,2488]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1E0D577AF8AAFE4F" authority="Hall, 1946" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1946" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="panamintinus" subSpecies="caudatus">D. p. caudatusHall, 1946 — SWUSA (ProvidenceMtsregionoftheMojaveDesertinSECaliforniaandadjacentSNevada).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1E0C57A5F900FDFF" blockId="40.[1363,2578,282,2488]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
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||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1E0C57A5F900FDFF" authority="Grinnell, 1919" authorityName="Grinnell" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Grinnell" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="panamintinus" subSpecies="leucogenys">D. p. leucogenysGrinnell, 1919 — SWUSA (WedgeoftheGreatBasinDesertinECali-forniaandWNevada).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1E0C5414F888FDAC" blockId="40.[1363,2578,282,2488]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1E0C5414F886FDDA" authority="Grinnell, 1918" authorityName="Grinnell" authorityYear="1918" box="[1365,1810,518,551]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="panamintinus" subSpecies="mohavensis">D. p. mohavensis Grinnell, 1918</taxonomicName>
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— SW USA (Owens Valley to Antelope Valley of the Mojave Desert of SC
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<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1D255426F89BFDAC" box="[1660,1807,564,593]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="California" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">California</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D1E0C5447F80FFBFF" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1E0C5447F80FFBFF" blockId="40.[1363,2578,282,2488]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D1E0C5447F9C5FD8B" bold="true" box="[1365,1617,597,630]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body mean 119 mm,tail mean 170 mm, ear mean 14 mm, hindfoot mean 44 mm; weight mean 72 g. Male Panamint Kangaroo Rats are slightly larger than females. This is a medium-sized to large-sized kangaroo rat with short ears, five toes on hindfeet (including small claw on side of hindfoot), and relatively small auditory bullae. Upper parts are pale brownish;tail is bicolored, with heavy dull brownish-black crest and tuft. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 64 and FN = 94-98. The Panamint Kangaroo Rat is most similar to Heermann’s Kangaroo Rat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D121C5550F66FFC9E" authorityName="Le Conte" authorityYear="1853" box="[2373,2555,834,867]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heermanni">D. heermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but no areas of sympatry are known. From sympatric five-toed kangaroo rats, the Panamint Kangaroo Rat can be distinguished by its considerably larger body size, relatively longer tail (vs. Ord’s Kangaroo Rat,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1C3F55AAF845FC24" authorityName="Woodhouse" authorityYear="1853" box="[1894,2001,952,985]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ordii">D. ordii</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and awlshaped lower incisors (vs. the Chisel-toothed Kangaroo Rat,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1C5B55F3F81BFBFF" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1794,1935,993,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">D. microps</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D1E0E5215F962F93A" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1E0E5215F962F93A" blockId="40.[1363,2578,282,2488]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D1E0E5215FA53FBD5" bold="true" box="[1367,1479,1031,1064]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Areas of common but widely scattered Joshua trees (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D139E5215F680FBD5" box="[2247,2324,1031,1064]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Yucca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Yucca</taxonomicName>
|
||
brevifolia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D12FD5215FA28FBB2" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asparagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), junipers (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1D30523CF972FBB2" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1641,1766,1070,1103]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Juniperus</taxonomicName>
|
||
californica,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1CC9523CF7C0FBB2" box="[1936,2132,1070,1103]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), creosote bush (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D120F523CF639FBB2" box="[2390,2477,1070,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Larrea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Larrea</taxonomicName>
|
||
tridentata,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1EC65247F9E9FB8B" box="[1439,1661,1109,1142]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zygophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), catclaw (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1C4D5247F8F9FB8B" box="[1812,1901,1109,1142]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1CD95247F793FB8B" authorityName="Lindley & John" authorityYear="1830" box="[1920,2055,1109,1142]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and cacti (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D13E55247F6B8FB8B" box="[2236,2348,1109,1142]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Opuntia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D12665247F646FB8B" box="[2367,2514,1109,1142]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cactaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In higher elevations, Panamint Kangaroo Rats occur in open spaces between juniper and pinyon pine (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1D4052B6F9F2FB38" box="[1561,1638,1188,1221]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1D2E52B6F96EFB38" box="[1655,1786,1188,1221]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Soil occupied varies from coarse sand and gravelly desert flats to alkaline soils, sometimes with a salty crust. They avoid cliffs and areas with desert pavement. Compared with other regional kangaroo rats, the Panamint Kangaroo Rat prefers high-elevation habitats—e.g. 1185-2670 m (subspecies leucogenys), 1140-1620 m (caudatus), and 1200-1950 m (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1C8D5350F706FA9E" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1894" box="[2004,2194,1346,1379]" class="Mammalia" family="Heteromyidae" genus="Dipodomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamintinus">panamintinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). On one 2-7-ha study plot in west-central
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D1D695360F90DFA76" box="[1584,1689,1394,1419]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Nevada" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nevada</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Ord’s Kangaroo Rat was restricted to sand-dune habitat, and the Panamint Kangaroo Rat was confined to big sage (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D13095387F758FA4F" box="[2128,2252,1429,1458]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Artemisia</taxonomicName>
|
||
tridentata,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D12065387F66AFA4F" box="[2399,2558,1429,1458]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It appears that presence of pinyonjuniper woodland along the Santa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73944D338767B13D126C53AAFA14F9FD" authority="River Valley" authorityName="River Valley" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Clara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Clara River Valley</taxonomicName>
|
||
has allowed the Panamint Kangaroo Rat to move westward into the San Gabriel Mountains. In areas of the Mojave Desert where it occurs, average annual temperature ranges from a minimum of 7°C to a maximum of 25°C (mean 16°C). The Panamint Kangaroo Rat digs burrows in small mounds of sand that accumulates around clumps of bushes. These burrows may be quite complex, with twelve or so tunnels connected by well-worn surface runways.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D1E0250DEF590F8C6" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1E0250DEF590F8C6" blockId="40.[1363,2578,282,2488]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D1E0250DEF9CBF910" bold="true" box="[1371,1631,1740,1773]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In the San Gabriel Mountains, cheek pouches of Panamint Kangaroo Rats in early winter contained green shoots of grass and little dried material. Cheek pouches of other individuals were stuffed with juniper fruit. Insects are probably eaten.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D1E025154F610F876" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1E025154F610F876" blockId="40.[1363,2578,282,2488]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D1E025154FA76F89E" bold="true" box="[1371,1506,1862,1891]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding season of the Panamint Kangaroo Rat peaks in February-March but extendsat least into May. Average littersizes are 3-4 young (range 2-5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D1E035182F751F78A" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1E035182F751F78A" blockId="40.[1363,2578,282,2488]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D1E035182F9DCF84C" bold="true" box="[1370,1608,1936,1969]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Most activity outside of the burrow is at night, and Panamint Kangaroo Rats are active year-round, except when there is more than 40% snow cover. Its tracks have been seen in snow in the San Gabriel Mountains, and it is active at minimum temperatures of —3°C (winter), -5°C (spring), 1°C (summer), and -1°C (autumn). Throughout the year, nocturnal activity is bimodal, with peaks at two and 6-9 hours after sunset. Activity is low or absent toward sunrise.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D1E045E6FF838F6E8" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1E045E6FF838F6E8" blockId="40.[1363,2578,282,2488]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D1E045E6FF789F763" bold="true" box="[1373,2077,2173,2206]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Male and female Panamint Kangaroo Rats defend non-overlapping home ranges that average 0-43 ha. Home rangesizes vary throughout the year, peaking in February (1-2 ha) and July (1 ha); there is no intersexual difference in home range size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D1E075F09F6EDF6C1" box="[1374,2425,2331,2364]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1E075F09F6EDF6C1" blockId="40.[1363,2578,282,2488]" box="[1374,2425,2331,2364]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D1E075F09F92FF6C1" bold="true" box="[1374,1723,2331,2364]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FC8E653B8767B13D1E065F59F8C0F648" pageId="40" pageNumber="233" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="B42B36B08767B13D1E065F59F8C0F648" blockId="40.[1363,2578,282,2488]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="86E0EAA28767B13D1E065F59FA63F699" bold="true" box="[1375,1527,2379,2404]" pageId="40" pageNumber="233">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Alexander & Riddle (2005), Best (1993a, 1999g), Eisenberg (1963, 1993), Hafner et al. (2007), Hall (1981), Ingles (1954), Intress & Best (1990), Jones (1993), Linzey & NatureServe (Hammerson) (2008f), Patton & Rogers (1993), Williams et al. (1993).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |