418 lines
42 KiB
XML
418 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.763.21252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6162ab6f-6b50-40ee-b28e-c72eee01e99e" ID-PMC="PMC5996013" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-763-1" ID-PubMed="29896045" ID-ZBK="90B772554C5E436CA793D924892B5B14" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-763-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 763" ModsDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of a new and highly-diverse genus of onchidiid slugs from the Coral Triangle (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae)" checkinTime="1528130281812" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Goulding, Tricia C., Khalil, Munawar, Tan, Shau Hwai & Dayrat, Benoit" docDate="2018" docId="34935C5D353989A8C4B1FAB80CF36A09" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 763: 1-111" docOrigin="ZooKeys 763" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.763.21252" docTitle="Wallaconchis Goulding & Dayrat, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="35C66C82-140F-4CF8-85A0-C32A4C5F55F8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFF78434FFEAFFF5FFBBF264B1300C6B" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of a new and highly-diverse genus of onchidiid slugs from the Coral Triangle (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="111" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668165860460" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Integrative taxonomy of a new and highly-diverse genus of onchidiid slugs from the Coral Triangle (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Goulding, Tricia C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Khalil, Munawar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tan, Shau Hwai</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dayrat, Benoit</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>763</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>111</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.763.21252</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.763.21252</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-763-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">90B772554C5E436CA793D924892B5B14</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">90B772554C5E436CA793D924892B5B14</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="144234915" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:35C66C82-140F-4CF8-85A0-C32A4C5F55F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/34935C5D353989A8C4B1FAB80CF36A09" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/35C66C82-140F-4CF8-85A0-C32A4C5F55F8" authority="Goulding & Dayrat" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis Goulding & Dayrat</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis sinanui" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sinanui">Wallaconchis sinanui</taxonomicName>
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, designated here.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Combination of Wallace, for Alfred Russel Wallace, one of the first naturalists to widely study the fauna of the Indo-Malay Archipelago, and
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchis</taxonomicName>
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, one of the names used to refer to onchidiid slugs. The core of the geographic distribution of this genus in Indonesia (Bali, Lombok, Sulawesi, and eastern Indonesia) corresponds to a region sometimes referred to as Wallacea, also after A. R. Wallace, which makes it especially fitting here.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="gender">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gender.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Masculine, gender of
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body not flattened. Dorsal gills absent. Dorsal eyes present on notum, mostly in groups of three or four eyes. Central dorsal papilla bearing eyes present and retractable, but usually not raised above the dorsal surface. Eyes at the tip of short ocular tentacles. Male opening below the right ocular tentacle. Oral lobes typically grey or dark brown. Pneumostome median. Foot wide. Visceral cavity pigmented (in black), which varies in intensity between individuals. Intestinal loops of type I. Rectal gland absent. Accessory penial gland absent. Penial morphology highly diverse, from short and straight to long and coiled. Penial hooks absent or present.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Every available genus name was carefully evaluated when searching for a name for this genus, which included examination of the type specimens of the type species of all existing genera, as well as the analysis of all the original descriptions. Nine existing species names are transferred to
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
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, five of which are valid, one of which is a synonym, and three of which are nomina dubia. Historically, these five valid species names have been placed in three different genera:
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
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Buchannan, 1800,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Paraoncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraoncidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Paraoncidium</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Labbé">Labbe</normalizedToken>
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, 1934, and
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Scaphis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scaphis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Scaphis</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Labbé">Labbe</normalizedToken>
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, 1934. However, all five species were originally described in
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
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(sometimes with the unjustified emendation
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Oncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Oncidium</taxonomicName>
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), traditionally used by default for many unrelated onchidiids (
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<bibRefCitation author="Dayrat, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 26" title="Review of the current knowledge of the systematics of Onchidiidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) with a checklist of nominal species." volume="2068" year="2009">Dayrat 2009</bibRefCitation>
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):
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium ater" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ater">Onchidium ater</taxonomicName>
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Lesson, 1830;
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium graniferum" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="graniferum">Onchidium graniferum</taxonomicName>
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Semper, 1880;
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Oncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncidium nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Oncidium nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
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Plate, 1893;
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Oncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncidium buetschlii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="buetschlii">Oncidium buetschlii</taxonomicName>
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Stantschinsky, 1907; and
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Oncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncidium gracile" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracile">Oncidium gracile</taxonomicName>
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Stantschinsky, 1907. The one species name which is a synonym,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Oncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncidium keiense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="keiense">Oncidium keiense</taxonomicName>
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Hoffmann, 1926, and the three species names which are nomina dubia (
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium ovale" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ovale">Onchidium ovale</taxonomicName>
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Semper, 1880;
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Oncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncidium simrothi" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="simrothi">Oncidium simrothi</taxonomicName>
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Plate, 1893;
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Oncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncidium fungiforme" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fungiforme">Oncidium fungiforme</taxonomicName>
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Stantschinsky, 1907), were also originally created in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
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. From this point forward, the unjustified emendation
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Oncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Oncidium</taxonomicName>
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is not repeated throughout the paper and is systematically replaced by the correct spelling
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
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. The genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
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actually refers to a different taxon including only three species and characterized by features (e.g., large dorsal conical papillae, rectal gland, accessory penial gland) that are absent in the species described here (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Dayrat, B" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 40" title="Integrative taxonomy of the genus Onchidium Buchannan, 1800 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Onchidiidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.8879" volume="636" year="2016">Dayrat et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Hoffmann, H" journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="15 - 36" title="Die Nacktschnecken der Daenischen Expedition nach den Kei-Inseln." volume="81" year="1926">Hoffmann (1926)</bibRefCitation>
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decided not to create a new genus for
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium keiense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="keiense">Onchidium keiense</taxonomicName>
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, despite the distinctive morphology of the copulatory parts: "The peculiarity of the penis could almost suggest the idea that we are dealing here with a whole new genus. In the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
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, however, there are already species which differ quite considerably from each other, so that I have no reason to create a new genus for my species." (1926: 24, translated from German).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<bibRefCitation author="Hoffmann, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Jena)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="29 - 118" title="Zur Kenntnis der Oncidiiden." volume="55" year="1928">Hoffmann (1928)</bibRefCitation>
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briefly mentioned the morphological similarity of six
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
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species (
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium papuanum" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papuanum">Onchidium papuanum</taxonomicName>
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Semper, 1880,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium palaense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="palaense">Onchidium palaense</taxonomicName>
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Semper, 1880,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium ovale" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ovale">Onchidium ovale</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. buetschlii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="buetschlii">O. buetschlii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">O. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium chameleon" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chameleon">Onchidium chameleon</taxonomicName>
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Brazier, 1886) which all lack an accessory penial gland, and five of which also lack a rectal gland: "The following six species are quite close to one another, and there are usually very few characteristic features which can be used for differentiation." (1928: 81)
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<bibRefCitation author="Hoffmann, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Jena)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="29 - 118" title="Zur Kenntnis der Oncidiiden." volume="55" year="1928">Hoffmann (1928)</bibRefCitation>
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also mentioned that some of those six names would likely become synonyms as new material became available, but none of these names has been proposed as synonymous. Three of these names are transferred to
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
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here (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. ovale" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ovale">O. ovale</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. buetschlii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="buetschlii">O. buetschlii</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">O. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium chameleon" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chameleon">Onchidium chameleon</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidina" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidina</taxonomicName>
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Semper, 1882 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Dayrat, B" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="121 - 133" title="Systematics of the onchidiid slug Onchidinaaustralis (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata)." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/121-133" volume="146" year="2017">Dayrat and Goulding 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium palaense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="palaense">Onchidium palaense</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. papuanum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="papuanum">O. papuanum</taxonomicName>
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are poorly known because their type material is lost. However,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Semper’s">Semper's</normalizedToken>
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description of the position of the male aperture as "between the two very small eye tentacles" in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. palaense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="palaense">O. palaense</taxonomicName>
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(1882: 276) and "exactly in the center line between the tentacles and mouth" in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. papuanum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="papuanum">O. papuanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1882: 277) indicates that they belong to another genus. A few years later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Labbe, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="173 - 246" title="Les Silicodermes (Labbe) du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Premiere partie: Classification, formes nouvelles ou peu connues." volume="14" year="1934">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Labbé">Labbe</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1934)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
created the genus name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Paraoncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraoncidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Paraoncidium</taxonomicName>
|
||
for eleven
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with no accessory penial gland, including the six aforementioned species considered morphologically similar by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hoffmann, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Jena)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="29 - 118" title="Zur Kenntnis der Oncidiiden." volume="55" year="1928">Hoffmann (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. chameleon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chameleon">P. chameleon</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the type species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Paraoncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraoncidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Paraoncidium</taxonomicName>
|
||
, belongs to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidina" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidina</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Paraoncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraoncidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Paraoncidium</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidina" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dayrat, B" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="121 - 133" title="Systematics of the onchidiid slug Onchidinaaustralis (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata)." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/121-133" volume="146" year="2017">Dayrat and Goulding 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidina" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which so far is monotypic, differs greatly from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., dorsal eyes absent, male aperture on right lateral side of right ocular tentacle, rectal gland present).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Finally, a new combination was proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Labbe, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="173 - 246" title="Les Silicodermes (Labbe) du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Premiere partie: Classification, formes nouvelles ou peu connues." volume="14" year="1934">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Labbé">Labbe</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1934)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium ater" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ater">Onchidium ater</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Scaphis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scaphis atra" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atra">Scaphis atra</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Scaphis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scaphis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Scaphis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Starobogatov, 1976 is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Peronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peronia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Peronia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fleming, 1822 which refers to a different group of onchidiids characterized by dorsal gills, which are lacking in all the species described here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Overall, none of the three genus names historically used in binomials for the species described here (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Paraoncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraoncidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Paraoncidium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Scaphis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scaphis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Scaphis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) could apply to our new genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Geographic distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Fig. 6).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are distributed from the Andaman Islands (India) in the Bay of Bengal to Vanuatu in the western Pacific. Nine out of ten species are sympatric over at least part of their distribution. Eight out of ten species are found widely within the Coral Triangle. Two species are known from only one station each, which suggests that they are endemic to a small region and specialized to a particular habitat. All species are found in tropical waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 6. Geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The colors used for each species are the same as those used in phylogenetic trees (Figs 1-5), but note that for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. ater" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ater">W. ater</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. graniferum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="graniferum">W. graniferum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. melanesiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melanesiensis">W. melanesiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both units #1 and #2 are included within the distribution of the species and that only the color of unit #1 is being used. Black dots show sites sampled by the authors, and grey dots (in Papua New Guinea and the Pacific) show localities where samples were borrowed from a museum collection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Table 3).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
slugs are found in various intertidal habitats. Two new species (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. comendadori" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="comendadori">W. comendadori</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. melanesiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melanesiensis">W. melanesiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) live predominantly in the rocky intertidal, with large rocks covered in thin layers of algae, which may or may not be adjacent to mangrove trees. Two species (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">W. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. ater" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ater">W. ater</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are commonly found in coral rubble habitats, where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avicennia</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees often grow. Three species (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. buetschlii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="buetschlii">W. buetschlii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. uncinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uncinus">W. uncinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. sinanui" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sinanui">W. sinanui</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are found on firm mud (i.e., mud which is not deep and not saturated in water). Two species (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. gracile" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gracile">W. gracile</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. buetschlii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="buetschlii">W. buetschlii</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are found on sandy mud, two species (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. achleitneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="achleitneri">W. achleitneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. buetschlii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="buetschlii">W. buetschlii</taxonomicName>
|
||
) on coarse sand, and one species (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. graniferum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="graniferum">W. graniferum</taxonomicName>
|
||
) on fine sand. Many
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species can be found together on diverse substrates at stations with various habitats. For instance, at our station 198, on the southern coast of Bohol, Philippines, six species were present without any other onchidiids on just a few square meters of fine sand mixed with coral rubble and muddy sand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Table 3. Habitats where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species occur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Species</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Mud</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Coarse sand</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Coral rubble</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Rocks</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Sandy mud</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Fine sand</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. sinanui" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sinanui">W. sinanui</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. uncinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="uncinus">W. uncinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. buetschlii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="buetschlii">W. buetschlii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. gracile" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gracile">W. gracile</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">W. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. ater" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ater">W. ater</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. graniferum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="graniferum">W. graniferum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. achleitneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="achleitneri">W. achleitneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. comendadori" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="comendadori">W. comendadori</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. melanesiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melanesiensis">W. melanesiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distinctive diagnostic features">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distinctive diagnostic features.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
A unique combination of characters can be used to determine whether a specimen is part of a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species: no dorsal gills, intestinal loops of type I, no rectal gland, and no accessory penial gland. This combination is not found in any other genus and these anatomical features can be easily and quickly observed through dissection. It is more challenging to identify
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
slugs using external characters, but it is not impossible.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
slugs exhibit the highest degree of color variation in the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Onchidiidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Onchidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In some species, the dorsal notum can be red, yellow, green, orange, brown, grey, black, etc., when most onchidiids are usually just brown, marbled with light to dark brown. Such bright dorsal colors are also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Peronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peronia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Peronia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Peronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peronia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Peronia</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the dorsal notum of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Peronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peronia" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Peronia</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears gills that are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, the three
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species which are found on mud inside and around mangroves only occasionally exhibit patches of bright colors, and thus, can be easily mistaken for other genera found in mangroves. The male opening can also help identify
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
slugs at the generic level. In other genera, the male opening may be to the left of the right ocular tentacle (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Melayonchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melayonchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Melayonchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or to the right of the right tentacle (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Peronina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peronina" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Peronina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidina" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidina</taxonomicName>
|
||
), while in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is directly below the right ocular tentacle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dayrat, B" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 40" title="Integrative taxonomy of the genus Onchidium Buchannan, 1800 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Onchidiidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.8879" volume="636" year="2016">Dayrat et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dayrat, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1851 - 1897" title="A new genus and four new species of onchidiid slugs from South-East Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Onchidiidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1347297" volume="51" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Goulding et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Another character which may be observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
by naturalists in the field, although difficult to appreciate, is that live animals produce a sticky mucus from the ventral surface, which is most noticeable with large animals. Other onchidiids also produce some mucus, but that mucus is usually wet, while the mucus of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be likened to drying glue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |