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<mods:title id="A3161928057075AAAD4EC074EB2A117D">Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF4B3B62C531FE8D" blockId="11.[151,600,287,350]" box="[151,600,287,314]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<heading id="FC3381AE325AFFD0FF4B3B62C531FE8D" bold="true" box="[151,600,287,314]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" reason="1">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF4B3B62C531FE8D" bold="true" box="[151,600,287,314]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
6.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FF693B5DC531FE8D" authority="(Lamas, 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Lamas" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[181,600,287,314]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="tica">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF693B5DC6C9FE8D" bold="true" box="[181,416,287,314]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin evalthe tica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FE733B62C539FE8D" author="Lamas, G." box="[431,592,288,314]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325AFFD0FF4B3B06C542FEE9" box="[151,555,324,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF4B3B06C542FEE9" blockId="11.[151,600,287,350]" box="[151,555,324,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47325AFFD0FF433B06C65BFEE9" box="[159,306,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,186,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-25@12.[151,1435,181,1555]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. AB: Telchin evalthe tica; A: ♂, San José, P. B. Carrillo, La Montura, 1050m, 23mayo 1981, I. A. Chacón, INBIOCRI001055993, MNCR-A1055993 (MNCR); B: ♀, Alajuela, Reserva de San Ramón, Río San Lorencito, 23mayo1986, I. A. Chacón, INBIOCRI001056104, MNCR-A1056104 (MNCR); CD: Telchin licus microsticta; C: ♂, San José, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Est. Carrillo, 730m, 20mayo85, Abelardo Chacón, INBIOCRI001055981, MNCR-A1055981 (MNCR); D: ♀, Casacode, 7 abril 97, I. Chacón (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749647" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749647/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figs. 3A, 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47325AFFD0FEE23B06C68FFEE9" box="[318,486,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-267@26.[151,1436,777,1652]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 11. AC: Telchin evalthe tica; A: ♂, Pococí, Limón, 03-IV-2008 (photo: Steven Daniel); B: ♂, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 27-V-2022 (photo: Randall Jiménez); C: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 12-VII-2008 (photo: Gernot Kunz); DE: Telchin licus microsticta; D: ♀, Alajuela, San Ramón, 22-IV-2020 (photo: Gustavo Orozco); E: ♂, San Carlos, Alajuela, 29-V-2023 (photo: Colin Allen); FG: Telchin atymnius drucei; F: ♂, Golfito, Puntarenas, 18-I-2022 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); G: ♀, Puriscal, San José, 31-VIII-2022 (photo: Kirby Wolfe); HI: Telchin atymnius futilis; H: ♂, Pococí, Limón, 16-I-2020 (photo: Alexandre Terrigeol); I: ♀, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-II-2022 (photo: Kyle Horner)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749668/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">11A, 11B, 11C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47325AFFD0FE2E3B06C548FEE9" box="[498,545,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1325,1349]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,421,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-122@29.[152,1435,417,1301]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Distribution maps of the genus Telchin in Costa Rica. A: T. atymnius futilis; B: T. atymnius drucei; C: T. evalthe tica; D: T. licus microsticta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749674/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">13C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325AFFD0FF4B3BC0C4B2FDA2" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF4B3BC0C3DCFE2D" blockId="11.[151,1437,385,533]" box="[151,1205,385,410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FF4B3BC0C586FE2D" authority="Rothschild, 1919" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,751,386,410]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="viryi" subGenus="Xanthocastnia" subSpecies="intermedia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF4B3BC0C78FFE2E" box="[151,230,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Castnia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF293BC0C6EEFE2D" box="[245,391,386,410]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FE4A3BC0C550FE2D" box="[406,569,386,410]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">viryi intermedia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FDE33BC0C586FE2D" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[575,751,386,410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FD253BC0C4C3FE2D" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[761,938,386,410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild, 1919</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC6F3BC0C319FE2E" bold="true" box="[947,1136,385,410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Novit. Zool. 26(1)</emphasis>
, p. 11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF4B3BE2C622FE60" blockId="11.[151,1437,385,533]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FF4B3BE2C6BBFE0F" ID-CoL="7L8C6" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[151,466,416,440]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="viryi" subSpecies="intermedia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF4B3BE2C6BBFE0F" box="[151,466,416,440]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia viryi intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FE033BE2C535FE0F" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[479,604,416,440]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FDB43BE2C514FE0F" bold="true" box="[616,637,416,440]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FD3A3BE2C791FE60" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FCA83BE2C482FE0F" ID-CoL="7SJ" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[884,1003,416,440]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FC2A3BE2C302FE0F" ID-CoL="93MSF" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[1014,1131,416,440]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep.
</emphasis>
, p. 136.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF4B3B9CC433FE41" blockId="11.[151,1437,385,533]" box="[151,858,478,502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FF4B3B9CC6C4FE42" box="[151,429,478,502]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="viryi">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF4B3B9CC6C4FE42" box="[151,429,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia evalthe viryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FE673B9CC557FE41" author="Lamas, G." box="[443,574,478,502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FD973B9CC47DFE41" bold="true" box="[587,788,478,502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 81.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF4B3BBEC4B2FDA2" blockId="11.[151,1437,385,533]" box="[151,987,508,533]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FF4B3BBEC55BFDA3" authority="Lamas, 1995" authorityName="Lamas" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,562,508,532]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="tica">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF4B3BBEC6CCFDA3" box="[151,421,508,532]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia evalthe tica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FE703BBFC55BFDA3" author="Lamas, G." box="[428,562,508,532]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FDE03BBFC5D6FDA3" author="Lamas, G." box="[572,703,508,532]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FD173BBFC4FCFDA3" bold="true" box="[715,917,508,533]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 81.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325AFFD0FF4B387EC789FBC5" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF4B387EC48DFD51" blockId="11.[151,1437,572,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF4B387EC6E9FDE1" bold="true" box="[151,384,572,598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">General comments.</emphasis>
This taxon was originally described as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FC9F387EC7BBFDCD" authority="Rothschild, 1919" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="viryi" subGenus="Xanthocastnia" subSpecies="intermedia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC9F387EC4F3FDE1" box="[835,922,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Castnia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC70387EC327FDE1" box="[940,1102,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FB83387FC27AFDE1" box="[1119,1299,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">viryi intermedia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FAC0387EC7BBFDCD" author="Rothschild, L. W." pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, based on a male from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FE303822C500FDCD" box="[492,617,608,634]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FDA03822C457FDCD" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[636,830,608,634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild 1919</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FC893822C483FDCD" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[853,1002,608,634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FC253822C35BFDCC" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1017,1074,608,635]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
) considered
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FB153822C22BFDCD" ID-CoL="9BYXZ" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[1225,1346,608,634]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FB153822C22BFDCD" box="[1225,1346,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a valid subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FEED38C6C540FD29" ID-CoL="5C593" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[305,553,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evalthe">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FEED38C6C540FD29" box="[305,553,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia evalthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FD7D38C7C455FD28" author="Lamas, G." box="[673,828,644,671]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the replacement name
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FB7838C6C609FD74" authority="Lamas, 1995" authorityName="Lamas" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="tica">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FB7838C6C7A8FD75" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia evalthe tica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FF1638EBC609FD74" author="Lamas, G." box="[202,352,680,707]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, since the original name was a junior primary homonym of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FBCA38EAC2F1FD75" ID-CoL="9BYXZ" authority="Pfeiffer, 1917" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[1046,1432,680,706]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FBCA38EAC399FD75" box="[1046,1264,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Castnia intermedia</emphasis>
Pfeiffer, 1917
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FF4B388FC6C4FD51" author="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M." box="[151,429,716,743]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="362 - 399" refId="ref27452" refString="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 362 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12102" type="journal article" year="2014">Moraes &amp; Duarte (2014)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FD8C388EC59BFD51" ID-CoL="92QGH" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[592,754,716,742]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FD8C388EC59BFD51" box="[592,754,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FCEE388EC48DFD51" authority="Hubner." authorityName="Hubner." box="[818,996,716,742]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FCEE388EC4EAFD51" box="[818,899,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin</emphasis>
Hübner.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF1B38B2C66DFBB1" blockId="11.[151,1437,572,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FF1B38B2C6CDFCBD" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[199,420,752,778]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="64 - 69" refId="ref24557" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2023) Notes on Telchin evalthe viryi (Boisduval, [1875]) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 33 (1), 64 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7790080" type="journal article" year="2023">García-Díaz (2023)</bibRefCitation>
studied
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FDDB38B2C4B0FCBC" authority="(Boisduval, [1875])" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[519,985,752,779]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="viryi">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FDDB38B2C586FCBD" box="[519,751,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin evalthe viryi</emphasis>
(Boisduval, [1875])
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FBDD38B2C33EFCBD" box="[1025,1111,752,778]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Mexico</collectingCountry>
mentioning that
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FAC038B3C2E9FCBD" box="[1308,1408,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. e. tica</emphasis>
is its closest relative due to their similar phenotypes. In general,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FC853956C36DFC99" box="[857,1028,788,814]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evalthe">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC853956C36DFC99" box="[857,1028,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin evalthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species markedly differentiated morphologically from other species in the genus, mainly by its ventral wing pattern. In
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FBA6397BC3B4FCE5" box="[1146,1245,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. e. tica</emphasis>
, as in
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FAF6397BC2FCFCE5" box="[1322,1429,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
T. e.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FABE397BC2FCFCE5" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[1378,1429,825,850]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viryi">viryi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, males and females have a blackish base-color on the dorsal surface; on the forewing, there is a diagonal yellowishcreamy band that runs from the costa to the anal angle; on the hindwing, there is a yellow discal band that runs from the costa to the anal angle, where it joins a submarginal band of orange-red spots. This subspecies shows a marked sexual dimorphism due to the presence of a yellowish diagonal band in the subapical region of the female forewing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF1B3E52C789FBC5" blockId="11.[151,1437,572,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
The taxonomic status of this species is unclear, thus an extensive review including a larger number of specimens from different countries and regions is necessary (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FD163E76C4D1FBF9" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[714,952,1076,1102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FCE13E77C41CFBF9" box="[829,885,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FC183E76C26EFBF9" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P." box="[964,1287,1076,1102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref25483" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. (2019) A catalog of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the California Academy of sciences with general and historical comments. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 28, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 2587666" type="journal article" year="2019">González &amp; Domagała 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FACF3E76C7BDFBC5" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="64 - 69" refId="ref24557" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2023) Notes on Telchin evalthe viryi (Boisduval, [1875]) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 33 (1), 64 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7790080" type="journal article" year="2023">García-Díaz 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325AFFD0FF1B3E3EC69DF961" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF1B3E3EC579FA01" blockId="11.[151,1437,572,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF1B3E3EC6B8FB21" bold="true" box="[199,465,1148,1174]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
Very little is known about the ecology and behavior of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FB943E3EC39AFB21" box="[1096,1267,1148,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evalthe">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FB943E3EC39AFB21" box="[1096,1267,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin evalthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and up to now there is no relevant information on
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FDFE3EE3C5A9FB0D" baseAuthorityName="Lamas" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[546,704,1184,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="tica">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FDFE3EE3C5A9FB0D" box="[546,704,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. evalthe tica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FD123EE2C4C1FB0D" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[718,936,1184,1210]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="64 - 69" refId="ref24557" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2023) Notes on Telchin evalthe viryi (Boisduval, [1875]) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 33 (1), 64 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7790080" type="journal article" year="2023">García-Díaz (2023)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that the probably closely related
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF4B3E87C66DFB69" box="[151,260,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
T. e.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FF0D3E87C66DFB69" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[209,260,1221,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viryi">viryi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has diurnal habits and flies in open sunny places such as walking trails, paths, or watercourses; males are fast fliers, territorial, and perch on dry branches or leaves on trees; females have a slower, heavier flight. Due to their close relationship,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FE193F4FC54EFA91" box="[453,551,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. e. tica</emphasis>
might exhibit behavior similar to
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC703F4FC37EFA91" box="[940,1047,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
T. e.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FC383F4FC37EFA91" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[996,1047,1293,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viryi">viryi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. In Sarapiquí, Octavio Ruiz (pers. comm.) once observed a male
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FE293F73C531FAFD" box="[501,600,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. e. tica</emphasis>
perching on a leaf of a
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FCB73F72C3ACFAFC" authority="H. Wendl., 1859" authorityName="H. Wendl." authorityYear="1859" box="[875,1221,1328,1355]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Calyptrogyne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FCB73F72C36BFAFD" box="[875,1026,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Calyptrogyne</emphasis>
H. Wendl., 1859
</taxonomicName>
palm (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FACA3F72C2F8FAFD" box="[1302,1425,1328,1354]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
), at night (20:34 hrs). On another occasion, during the morning, he observed a male perching on a plant, to later fly away into the forest. iNaturalist (2023) has several observations of both sexes of this subspecies which were made between 1016 hrs in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FE523FDEC565FA01" box="[398,524,1436,1462]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF1B3F82C69DF961" blockId="11.[151,1437,572,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
Some authors have suggested that
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FD953F83C5DFFA6D" box="[585,694,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evalthe">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FD953F83C5DFFA6D" box="[585,694,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. evalthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be associated with bromeliads (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FBBC3F82C397FA6D" box="[1120,1278,1472,1498]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
) or heliconias (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FF7D3FA6C622FA48" box="[161,331,1508,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF7D3FA6C666FA49" box="[161,271,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Heliconia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FE803FA6C696FA49" box="[348,511,1508,1534]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
), based on potential host plants in areas where the species have been seen or collected (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FED73C4AC6E2F994" author="Moss, A. M." box="[267,395,1544,1571]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="48 - 52" refId="ref27791" refString="Moss, A. M. (1945) The Castnia of Para with notes on others (Lep. Castniidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 14, 48 - 52." type="journal article" year="1945">Moss 1945</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FE4B3C4AC577F995" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[407,542,1544,1570]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FDF63C4AC455F995" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Cock, M. J. W." box="[554,828,1544,1570]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref25429" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Cock, M. J. W. (2004) A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago. Zootaxa, 762 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 762.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">González &amp; Cock, 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FC9B3C4AC35BF995" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[839,1074,1544,1570]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC6B3C4BC486F995" box="[951,1007,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
; González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FB713C4BC38CF995" box="[1197,1253,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2017;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FAEE3C4AC605F9F1" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P." pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref25483" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. (2019) A catalog of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the California Academy of sciences with general and historical comments. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 28, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 2587666" type="journal article" year="2019">González &amp; Domagała 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FEA43C6EC543F9F1" author="Aya, V. M. &amp; Pabon, A. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vargas, G." box="[376,554,1580,1606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="399 - 410" refId="ref23600" refString="Aya, V. M., Pabon, A., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vargas, G. (2022) Morphological and molecular characterization of Castniidae (Lepidoptera) associated to sugarcane in Colombia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 112 (3) 399 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485321000997" type="journal article" year="2022">
Aya
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FE703C6FC68FF9F1" box="[428,486,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FDEB3C6EC46DF9F1" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[567,772,1580,1606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="64 - 69" refId="ref24557" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2023) Notes on Telchin evalthe viryi (Boisduval, [1875]) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 33 (1), 64 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7790080" type="journal article" year="2023">García-Díaz 2023</bibRefCitation>
), but so far, no hosts have been confirmed for the species.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FF4B3C12C61BF9DD" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[151,370,1616,1642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="64 - 69" refId="ref24557" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2023) Notes on Telchin evalthe viryi (Boisduval, [1875]) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 33 (1), 64 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7790080" type="journal article" year="2023">García-Díaz (2023)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that heliconias do not appear to be a host for
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC313C13C33FF9DD" box="[1005,1110,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
T. e.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FBFF3C13C33FF9DD" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[1059,1110,1617,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viryi">viryi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
since there are many species of this plant family widely distributed, which would directly impact the distribution of the castniid, a situation also observed with
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FEE03CDBC6DDF905" box="[316,436,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FEA83CDAC6DDF905" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Diaz" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[372,436,1688,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, but this is just simple speculation. To learn more about the ecology and behavior of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FAB13CDBC7A8F961" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. e. tica</emphasis>
, more fieldwork is needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325AFFD0FF1B3CA2C5DFF841" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF1B3CA2C5DFF841" blockId="11.[151,1437,572,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF1B3CA2C529F94D" bold="true" box="[199,576,1760,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FD953CA2C59AF94D" box="[585,755,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evalthe">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FD953CA2C59AF94D" box="[585,755,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin evalthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FC0A3CA2C345F94D" box="[982,1068,1760,1786]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to South America, however, not much is known about the geographical limits of its currently known subspecies.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FBED3D46C271F8A9" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1073,1304,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="viryi">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FBED3D46C271F8A9" box="[1073,1304,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin evalthe viryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FF4B3D6AC786F8F5" box="[151,239,1832,1858]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, while
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FEE03D6BC6F1F8F5" box="[316,408,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. e. tica</emphasis>
has been cited for
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FDBE3D6AC5B3F8F5" box="[610,730,1832,1858]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FCD03D6BC40CF8F4" box="[780,869,1833,1859]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FCAE3D6AC3D9F8F5" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P." box="[882,1200,1832,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref25483" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. (2019) A catalog of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the California Academy of sciences with general and historical comments. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 28, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 2587666" type="journal article" year="2019">González &amp; Domagała 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FB663D6AC2F8F8F5" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[1210,1425,1832,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FF6B3D0EC65CF8D1" box="[183,309,1868,1894]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, this subspecies has been recorded on both the Pacific and Caribbean slopes. Based on
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FAC13D0FC665F83D" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FA543D0FC7DDF83D" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FEE03D32C6D5F83D" box="[316,444,1904,1930]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, it flies in three biogeographical provinces: Puntarenas-Chiriquí, Guatuso-Talamanca, and Pacific Lowlands. The subspecies has been sighted/collected in
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC413DD6C362F819" bold="true" box="[925,1035,1940,1966]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FC413DD6C36EF819" box="[925,1031,1940,1966]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
San Carlos, San Ramón;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FAED3DD6C2F5F819" bold="true" box="[1329,1436,1940,1966]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FAED3DD6C2FEF819" box="[1329,1431,1940,1966]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Cartago</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Oreamuno;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FEC73DFAC6D8F865" bold="true" box="[283,433,1976,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FEC73DFAC6C2F865" box="[283,427,1976,2002]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
La Cruz;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FDC23DFAC5E1F865" bold="true" box="[542,648,1976,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FDC23DFAC5EBF865" box="[542,642,1976,2002]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Heredia</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Sarapiquí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FCDB3DF5C436F865" bold="true" box="[775,863,1975,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FCDB3DF5C432F865" box="[775,859,1975,2002]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Limón</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Pococí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC633DFAC338F865" bold="true" box="[959,1105,1976,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FC633DFAC325F865" box="[959,1100,1976,2002]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Coto Brus, Garabito, Golfito, Osa;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF0E3D9EC62BF841" bold="true" box="[210,322,2011,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FF0E3D9EC657F841" box="[210,318,2011,2038]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">San José</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Moravia, Vázquez de Coronado.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>