650 lines
79 KiB
XML
650 lines
79 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="06C055CC834CDE09D7717E8919275CB8">
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<mods:title id="9AF0A0179B06F7838481F06E385F712D">Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7D4A5405671984F2514DC9095F97BBA5">García-Díaz, José De Jesús</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DF404367A9E4CC121CB585DEE211F6E9">Posgrado en Ciencias, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91073 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Sociedad Mexicana de Lepidopterología A. C.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EEA6532CB616C1ED8E65F587FAB5FE23">Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="673624192D3C40DA927C6FB0255735B1">BioAlfa, Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund Costa Rica, 749 - 1000, San José, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F68413F432EF6206EE5A562589665442">Worthy, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BEB5CB8EA9228542090F827A8D52A164">10 The Hill, Church Hill, Caterham, Surrey CR 3 6 SD, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CF5ED704ECED40E70DE81A88731037F5">González, Jorge M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7583F3227243B223A93C577B8E5DD763">Austin Achieve Public Schools, Austin, Texas, (Research Associate, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity), USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9072EE4865722C298EE580E7EC5C8FBA">Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6A0EFED732BFF7432166B734E1A18637">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DDF08E5C8B093D01289C194EEF24F0F1">Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D3BF50082F3BB22EFE4202B68691DD7F">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5074A82EE5B56BAA3D2B123951B3596A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1B266874B30C7C023663871A15CA8BED">
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<mods:date id="AB53F124B6601CC0A6AC07C2BB87EB76">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="861BBF48312D8C5B90AD2BE1444AECA3">2024-07-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="14A37F379AAC2713ECB2A3C9651DB051">5481</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="BEF3EF918AA03FA34942CC67F998D76F">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="E273028557A67B72817D8FB259E32543">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="2F6D87D43259FFD2FF4B3924C2F0F9E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43259FFD2FF4B3924C2F0F9E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F6D87D43259FFD2FF4B3924C2F0F9E6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3924C5F8FC37" blockId="8.[151,775,870,933]" box="[151,657,870,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
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<heading id="FC3381AE3259FFD3FF4B3924C5F8FC37" bold="true" box="[151,657,870,897]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3924C5F8FC37" bold="true" box="[151,657,870,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
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4.
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<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF693924C5F8FC37" authority="(Walker, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[181,657,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="futilis">
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF693924C6BBFC36" bold="true" box="[181,466,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Telchin atymnius futilis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE3D3924C5E1FC37" author="Walker, F." box="[481,648,870,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1509 - 1808" refId="ref29069" refString="Walker, F. (1856) s. n. In: List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collections of the British Museum. Vol. 7. E. Newman, London, pp. i - [iv] + 1509 - 1808." type="book chapter" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE65493259FFD3FF4B39C9C46EFC12" box="[151,775,907,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B39C9C46EFC12" blockId="8.[151,775,870,933]" box="[151,775,907,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
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(
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<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473259FFD3FF4339C9C65BFC12" box="[159,306,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[165,1431,183,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[152,1435,181,1794]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–B: Telchin atymnius futilis; A: ♂, Alajuela, Cariblanco, Cuesta Angel, 15-V-82, R. Canet, 750m, INBIOCRI001055978 (MNCR); B: ♀, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramón, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca, Send. Higuerón, 1115m, 18MAY- 6JUN 2009, R. Rojas, Colecta libre, L_N_242482_483371, # 97580, INB0004223743, MNCR-A4223743 (MNCR); C–D: Telchin atymnius drucei; C: ♂, Corcovado National Park, Osa Peninsula, 5–14 Aug 1978, D. H. Janzen, INBIOCRI002607807, MNCR-A2607807 (MNCR); D: ♀, Prov. Heredia, Santo Domingo, Santa Rosa, INBio. 1100m, 30 OCT 2001, J. Montero, Manual, L_N_217300_526200. #64940, INB0003380476, MNCR-A3380476 (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749643/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Figs. 2A, 2B</figureCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473259FFD3FEE239C9C6CBFC12" box="[318,418,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-267@26.[151,1436,777,1652]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–C: Telchin evalthe tica; A: ♂, Pococí, Limón, 03-IV-2008 (photo: Steven Daniel); B: ♂, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 27-V-2022 (photo: Randall Jiménez); C: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 12-VII-2008 (photo: Gernot Kunz); D–E: Telchin licus microsticta; D: ♀, Alajuela, San Ramón, 22-IV-2020 (photo: Gustavo Orozco); E: ♂, San Carlos, Alajuela, 29-V-2023 (photo: Colin Allen); F–G: Telchin atymnius drucei; F: ♂, Golfito, Puntarenas, 18-I-2022 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); G: ♀, Puriscal, San José, 31-VIII-2022 (photo: Kirby Wolfe); H–I: Telchin atymnius futilis; H: ♂, Pococí, Limón, 16-I-2020 (photo: Alexandre Terrigeol); I: ♀, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-II-2022 (photo: Kyle Horner)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749668/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">11H, 11I</figureCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473259FFD3FE7139C9C6B7FC12" box="[429,478,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1325,1349]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,421,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-122@29.[152,1435,417,1301]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Distribution maps of the genus Telchin in Costa Rica. A: T. atymnius futilis; B: T. atymnius drucei; C: T. evalthe tica; D: T. licus microsticta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749674/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">13A</figureCitation>
|
||
) (BIN: BOLD:AAC9188)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493259FFD3FF4B3992C22EFBB1" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3992C333FC50" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,1114,975,999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
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<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3992C6DFFC50" ID-CoL="RQLZ" authority="Walker, 1856" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,438,975,999]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
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||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3992C64FFC50" box="[151,294,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia futilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FEF0398DC6DFFC50" author="Walker, F." box="[300,438,975,999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1509 - 1808" refId="ref29069" refString="Walker, F. (1856) s. n. In: List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collections of the British Museum. Vol. 7. E. Newman, London, pp. i - [iv] + 1509 - 1808." type="book chapter" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE1C398DC523FC50" author="Walker, F." box="[448,586,975,999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1509 - 1808" refId="ref29069" refString="Walker, F. (1856) s. n. In: List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collections of the British Museum. Vol. 7. E. Newman, London, pp. i - [iv] + 1509 - 1808." type="book chapter" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD8F398DC492FC50" bold="true" box="[595,1019,975,999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">List Spec. Lepid. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 7</emphasis>
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, p. 1581.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B39ACC22EFBB1" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,1351,1005,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B39ACC69CFBB1" ID-CoL="967LM" authority="Boisduval, [1875]" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,501,1006,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salasia">
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||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B39ACC65DFBB1" box="[151,308,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia salasia</emphasis>
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||
Boisduval, [1875]
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Boisduval, [1875].
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||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD1E39AFC39CFBB1" bold="true" box="[706,1269,1005,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Spec. Gén. des Lép. Hét. Tome 1: Sphin., Sesi., Cast.</emphasis>
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||
, p. 529.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493259FFD2FF4B3E4FC6BBFE42" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3E4FC314FB92" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,1149,1036,1061]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3E4FC63AFB93" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,339,1036,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">
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||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3E4FC63AFB93" box="[151,339,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia humboldti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
f.
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||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FEB33E4EC6BEFB93" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[367,471,1036,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneata">
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||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FEB33E4EC6BEFB93" box="[367,471,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">brunneata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE383E4EC501FB92" author="Strand, E." box="[484,616,1036,1061]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FDAE3E4EC5EEFB93" bold="true" box="[626,647,1036,1060]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">in</emphasis>
|
||
Seitz.
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD113E4EC32CFB93" bold="true" box="[717,1093,1036,1061]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6</emphasis>
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||
, p. 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3E6EC31BFBF4" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,1138,1067,1091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3E6EC62EFBF4" box="[151,327,1068,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
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||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3E6EC62EFBF4" box="[151,327,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia atymnius</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
f.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FEBF3E69C6A2FBF4" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[355,459,1067,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FEBF3E69C6A2FBF4" box="[355,459,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">defasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE053E69C534FBF4" author="Strand, E." box="[473,605,1067,1091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FDBB3E69C515FBF4" bold="true" box="[615,636,1067,1091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">in</emphasis>
|
||
Seitz.
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD1E3E69C353FBF4" bold="true" box="[706,1082,1067,1091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3E08C4B2FBD5" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,987,1097,1122]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3E08C65DFBD5" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,308,1098,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salasia">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3E08C65DFBD5" box="[151,308,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia salasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE9E3E08C6ACFBD5" author="Strand, E." box="[322,453,1098,1122]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE0C3E08C68CFBD5" bold="true" box="[464,485,1098,1122]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">in</emphasis>
|
||
Seitz.
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FDF63E08C4CBFBD5" bold="true" box="[554,930,1097,1122]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3E2BC2E0FB37" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,1417,1128,1155]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3E2BC69DFB37" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[151,500,1128,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salasia" subGenus="Phaeosema">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3E2BC673FB37" box="[151,282,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castniomera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FEF53E2AC6F7FB37" box="[297,414,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Phaeosema</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE703E2AC69DFB37" box="[428,500,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">salasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FDDE3E2AC5F7FB36" author="Houlbert, C." box="[514,670,1128,1153]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD743E28C4E1FB37" bold="true" box="[680,904,1128,1155]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
|
||
, pp. 63, 209, 679, 707, 726, pl. CDXLI, fig. 3785.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3ECAC31BFB28" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,1138,1159,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3ECAC6E1FB28" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,392,1159,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3ECAC6E1FB28" box="[151,392,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castniomera defasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE493EC5C559FB28" author="Apolinar, M." box="[405,560,1159,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="322 - 327" refId="ref23550" refString="Apolinar, M. (1945) Miscelanea entomologica y Catalogo sistematico, sinonimico y geografico de los insectos del genero Carabus. Revista de la Academia colombiana de Ciencias exactas, fisicas y naturales, 6 (22 / 23), 322 - 327, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1945">Apolinar, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FDE63EC5C376FB28" bold="true" box="[570,1055,1159,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Rev. Ac. Col. Cienc. Ex., Fis & Nat. 6 (22–23)</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 322.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3EE4C622FB6B" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3EE4C6D6FB09" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[151,447,1190,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="futilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3EE4C6D6FB09" box="[151,447,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castniomera atymnius futilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE113EE4C525FB09" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[461,588,1190,1214]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD863EE4C506FB09" bold="true" box="[602,623,1190,1214]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">in</emphasis>
|
||
Heppner.
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD073EE4C791FB6A" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Castnioidea:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FCB73EE4C48BFB09" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[875,994,1190,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FC323EE4C30AFB09" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[1006,1123,1190,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Checklist part 2,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FAF03EE4C791FB6A" authority="Neo. Lep." authorityName="Neo. Lep." class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas Neo. Lep.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 135.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3EA6C400FB4C" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,873,1251,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3EA6C6D5FB4C" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[151,444,1251,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="futilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3EA6C6D5FB4C" box="[151,444,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castniomera atymnius futilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE153EA6C524FB4C" author="Lamas, G." box="[457,589,1251,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD853EA1C44BFB4C" bold="true" box="[601,802,1251,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 80.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3F6BC459F978" blockId="8.[151,1437,1321,2032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3F6BC614FAF4" bold="true" box="[151,381,1321,1347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">General comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Currently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE2A3F6BC40CFAF3" authority="(Dalman, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[502,869,1321,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE2A3F6BC5D8FAF4" box="[502,689,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Telchin atymnius</emphasis>
|
||
(Dalman, 1825)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes seven subspecies,
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FB4F3F68C26FFAF4" box="[1171,1286,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FB1A3F6BC26FFAF4" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[1222,1286,1321,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
being the one with the northernmost distribution, occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FD713F0FC46AFAD0" box="[685,771,1357,1383]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and throughout Central America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FBA03F0FC260FADF" author="Lamas, G." box="[1148,1289,1357,1384]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FACF3F0FC788FA3C" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF2E3F33C69FFA3C" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[242,502,1393,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="futilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF2E3F33C69FFA3C" box="[242,502,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Telchin atymnius futilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FD1B3F30C40DFA3C" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[711,868,1393,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD1B3F30C40DFA3C" box="[711,868,1393,1420]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia futilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FC6D3F33C34DFA3C" box="[945,1060,1393,1419]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FBED3F33C3A5FA3B" author="Walker, F." box="[1073,1228,1393,1420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1509 - 1808" refId="ref29069" refString="Walker, F. (1856) s. n. In: List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collections of the British Museum. Vol. 7. E. Newman, London, pp. i - [iv] + 1509 - 1808." type="book chapter" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FA993F30C6BDFA07" authority="(Boisduval, [1875])" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salasia">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FA993F30C78FFA18" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia salasia</emphasis>
|
||
(Boisduval, [1875])
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE3F3FD4C5DEFA18" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[483,695,1429,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE3F3FD4C5DEFA18" box="[483,695,1429,1456]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia humboldti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
f.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FD003FD7C496FA18" authority="(Strand, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[732,1023,1429,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneata">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD003FD7C426FA18" box="[732,847,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">brunneata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FCBE3FD7C49EFA18" author="Strand, E." box="[866,1015,1429,1455]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FBE13FD4C26AFA18" box="[1085,1283,1430,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FBE13FD4C26AFA18" box="[1085,1283,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia atymnius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
f.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FAF53FD7C653FA64" authority="(Strand, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FAF53FD7C2F5FA18" box="[1321,1436,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">defasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FF433FFBC65BFA64" author="Strand, E." box="[159,306,1465,1491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were described later from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FDB53FFBC5A8FA64" box="[617,705,1465,1491]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FD103FFBC455FA64" box="[716,828,1465,1491]" name="Honduras" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FCAA3FF8C4A6FA63" box="[886,975,1466,1492]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
respectively, but were synonymized with
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3F9CC666FA40" box="[151,271,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF133F9FC666FA40" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[207,271,1501,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FEE63F9CC6B3FA4F" author="Lamas, G." box="[314,474,1501,1528]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This subspecies is one of the best-represented castniids in entomological collections, due to its status as a pest of some crops and ornamentals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FCF53C43C4ABF9AC" author="LAICA" box="[809,962,1537,1563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="26 - 48" refId="ref26361" refString="LAICA (2016) Informe de resultados 2015. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, March 2016, pp. 26 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2016">LAICA 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FC123C43C360F9AC" author="LAICA" box="[974,1033,1537,1563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="6 - 20" refId="ref26393" refString="LAICA (2017) Informe de resultados 2016. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 2017, 6 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FBCA3C43C22CF9AC" author="Salazar-Blanco, J. D. & Cadet-Piedra, E. & Oviedo-Alfaro, R. & Berrocal-Kopper, R. & Araya-Vindas, A." box="[1046,1349,1537,1563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="26 - 28" refId="ref28381" refString="Salazar-Blanco, J. D., Cadet-Piedra, E., Oviedo-Alfaro, R., Berrocal-Kopper, R. & Araya-Vindas, A. (2018) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Resumen XI Congreso ATALAC - TECNICANA, Cali, Colombia, 26 - 28 de Setiembre de 2018, 87." type="book chapter" year="2018">
|
||
Salazar-Blanco
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FB153C40C26BF9AC" box="[1225,1282,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FA8E3C43C635F988" author="Cadet-Piedra, E. & Salazar-Blanco, J. D. & Oviedo-Alfaro, R." pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref23914" refString="Cadet-Piedra, E., Salazar-Blanco, J. D. & Oviedo-Alfaro, R. (2019) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Boletin Agroclimatico, 1 (12), 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Cadet-Piedra
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF383C64C672F988" box="[228,283,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FEBA3C67C536F988" author="Lugo-Cruz, E. & Rivero-Bautista, N. & Sanchez-Soto, S. & Osorio-Osorio, R. & Romero-Napoles, J." box="[358,607,1573,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="31 - 36" refId="ref26805" refString="Lugo-Cruz, E., Rivero-Bautista, N. del, Sanchez-Soto, S., Osorio-Osorio, R. & Romero-Napoles, J. (2020) Insectos fitofagos asociados a cultivos de heliconias (Heliconia spp.) en Tabasco, Mexico. AgroProductividad, 13 (2), 31 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.32854 / agrop. vi. 1582" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Lugo-Cruz
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE3B3C64C577F988" box="[487,542,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FDB53C67C428F988" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[617,833,1573,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FC8E3C67C33AF988" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[850,1107,1573,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="futilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FC8E3C67C33AF988" box="[850,1107,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Telchin atymnius futilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like most species/subspecies in the genus, is sexually dimorphic. Females tend to be larger than males and have more rounded forewings; more importantly, females have a band of subapical spots on the forewing that is absent or very faint in males, the creamy-white diagonal band that goes from the mid costa to the anal margin also tends to be more marked and wider than in males (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FED83CF7C6C2F978" author="Houlbert, C." box="[260,427,1717,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE6B3CF7C556F978" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[439,575,1717,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FD973CF7C44DF978" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[587,804,1717,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF1B3C98C2F3F8E8" blockId="8.[151,1437,1321,2032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Even though
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FEBC3C98C6B5F944" box="[352,476,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE403C9BC6B5F944" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[412,476,1753,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FDCA3C98C5F0F944" box="[534,665,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FD8D3C9BC5F0F944" box="[593,665,1753,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, are easily distinguished from each other and from other species in the genus, they have been confused in various works (and in iNaturalist) with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FBCE3CBCC30AF8A0" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1042,1123,1789,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FBCE3CBCC30AF8A0" box="[1042,1123,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">T. licus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FBAF3CBFC264F8A0" author="LAICA" box="[1139,1293,1789,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="26 - 48" refId="ref26361" refString="LAICA (2016) Informe de resultados 2015. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, March 2016, pp. 26 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2016">LAICA 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; José Daniel Salazar, pers. comm.). Curiously, both subspecies fly together in some sugar cane plantations in the country (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FA9A3D63C7BBF8E8" author="LAICA" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="6 - 20" refId="ref26393" refString="LAICA (2017) Informe de resultados 2016. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 2017, 6 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2017">LAICA 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FF023D07C560F8E8" author="Salazar-Blanco, J. D. & Cadet-Piedra, E. & Oviedo-Alfaro, R. & Berrocal-Kopper, R. & Araya-Vindas, A." box="[222,521,1861,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="26 - 28" refId="ref28381" refString="Salazar-Blanco, J. D., Cadet-Piedra, E., Oviedo-Alfaro, R., Berrocal-Kopper, R. & Araya-Vindas, A. (2018) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Resumen XI Congreso ATALAC - TECNICANA, Cali, Colombia, 26 - 28 de Setiembre de 2018, 87." type="book chapter" year="2018">
|
||
Salazar-Blanco
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE533D04C6A1F8E8" box="[399,456,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FDC93D07C441F8E8" author="Cadet-Piedra, E. & Salazar-Blanco, J. D. & Oviedo-Alfaro, R." box="[533,808,1861,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref23914" refString="Cadet-Piedra, E., Salazar-Blanco, J. D. & Oviedo-Alfaro, R. (2019) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Boletin Agroclimatico, 1 (12), 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Cadet-Piedra
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD723D04C58EF8E8" box="[686,743,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FCE83D07C362F8E8" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[820,1035,1861,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; José Daniel Salazar, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD2FF2B3D2BC6BBFE42" blockId="8.[151,1437,1321,2032]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,1617]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Besides
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE8F3D28C6ACF834" box="[339,453,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE593D2BC6ACF834" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[389,453,1897,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE2B3D28C518F834" box="[503,625,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FDF53D2BC518F834" box="[553,625,1897,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FDA03D2BC3E4F833" authority="(Boisduval, [1875])" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[636,1165,1897,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="humboldti">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FDA03D2BC4C7F834" box="[636,942,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Telchin atymnius humboldti</emphasis>
|
||
(Boisduval, [1875])
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been also mentioned in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FF683DCFC658F810" box="[180,305,1933,1959]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FEE73DCCC6ACF810" author="Lara, F." box="[315,453,1933,1960]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="128 - 134" refId="ref26486" refString="Lara, F. (1964 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. I. Morphology. Turrialba, 14 (3), 128 - 134." type="journal article" year="1964">Lara (1964a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE0C3DCFC570F810" author="Lara, F." box="[464,537,1933,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="188 - 195" refId="ref26526" refString="Lara, F. (1964 b) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. II. Bionomics. Turrialba, 14 (4), 188 - 195." type="journal article" year="1964">1964b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FDF83DCFC536F81F" author="Lara, F." box="[548,607,1933,1960]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="99 - 102" refId="ref26566" refString="Lara, F. (1965) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. III. Rhythms and Ecology. Turrialba, 15 (2), 99 - 102." type="journal article" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FDB53DCFC5D8F810" author="Lara, F." box="[617,689,1933,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="29 - 32" refId="ref26607" refString="Lara, F. (1966 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. IV. Sampling method. Turrialba, 16 (1), 29 - 32." type="journal article" year="1966">1966a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FD673DCFC46BF810" author="Lara, F." box="[699,770,1933,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="136 - 138" refId="ref26648" refString="Lara, F. (1966 b) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. V. Cultural control. Turrialba, 16 (2), 136 - 138." type="journal article" year="1966">1966b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) did a very thorough study about “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FB5B3DCCC2F9F810" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1159,1424,1933,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FB5B3DCCC2F9F810" box="[1159,1424,1933,1960]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castniomera humboldti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” affecting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FED83DF0C610F87B" box="[260,377,1970,1996]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FED83DF0C62BF87C" box="[260,322,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Musa</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE563DF3C694F87C" box="[394,509,1969,1995]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) plantations in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FD6E3DF0C4E9F87C" authority="Valley" authorityName="Valley" box="[690,896,1969,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Lycorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="estrella">La Estrella Valley</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203259FFD3FC703DF3C30FF87C" box="[940,1126,1969,1995]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Limón province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on the Caribbean slope of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FF4B3D97C671F858" box="[151,280,2005,2031]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Lara described the adults and the life cycle of this taxon and provided ecological, behavioral, and management information about the pest, as well as details of collecting methods. After a thorough literature review,
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF4B3AF9C629FF62" box="[151,320,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF123AF9C629FF62" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[206,320,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">humboldti</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(as a species or subspecies) has not been recorded as being collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FBBC3AF9C3B3FF62" box="[1120,1242,187,213]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
by other authors. After analyzing
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE923A9DC69BFF4E" author="Lara, F." box="[334,498,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="128 - 134" refId="ref26486" refString="Lara, F. (1964 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. I. Morphology. Turrialba, 14 (3), 128 - 134." type="journal article" year="1964">Lara’s (1964a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description and drawings of the male and female of the specimens he collected, his description and drawings are similar to that of
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD7A3B41C476FEAA" box="[678,799,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FD033B41C476FEAA" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[735,799,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, which, as stated above, is known to be present in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FA803B41C7A7FEF6" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FF073B65C607FEF6" author="Lara, F." box="[219,366,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="128 - 134" refId="ref26486" refString="Lara, F. (1964 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. I. Morphology. Turrialba, 14 (3), 128 - 134." type="journal article" year="1964">Lara (1964a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions that he sent voucher specimens to the British Museum (NHMUK) to be identified. Unfortunately, after a thorough curation of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FD773B09C448FED2" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[683,801,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
collection in NHMUK by one of us (RW), that voucher couple was not found. Thus, we are unable to corroborate the subspecies name by examining this research material. However, the evidence and descriptive details provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FCE33BD1C4A5FE1A" author="Lara, F." box="[831,972,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="128 - 134" refId="ref26486" refString="Lara, F. (1964 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. I. Morphology. Turrialba, 14 (3), 128 - 134." type="journal article" year="1964">Lara (1964a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FC063BD1C34AFE1A" author="Lara, F." box="[986,1059,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="188 - 195" refId="ref26526" refString="Lara, F. (1964 b) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. II. Bionomics. Turrialba, 14 (4), 188 - 195." type="journal article" year="1964">1964b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FBEC3BD0C302FE1A" author="Lara, F." box="[1072,1131,402,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="99 - 102" refId="ref26566" refString="Lara, F. (1965) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. III. Rhythms and Ecology. Turrialba, 15 (2), 99 - 102." type="journal article" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FBA43BD1C3A9FE1A" author="Lara, F." box="[1144,1216,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="29 - 32" refId="ref26607" refString="Lara, F. (1966 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. IV. Sampling method. Turrialba, 16 (1), 29 - 32." type="journal article" year="1966">1966a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FB113BD1C27EFE1A" author="Lara, F." box="[1229,1303,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="136 - 138" refId="ref26648" refString="Lara, F. (1966 b) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. V. Cultural control. Turrialba, 16 (2), 136 - 138." type="journal article" year="1966">1966b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), lead us to believe that he was working with
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FDCC3BF5C5EEFE66" box="[528,647,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FD9B3BF5C5EEFE66" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[583,647,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and not
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD323BF5C4FEFE66" box="[750,919,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FCF93BF5C4FEFE66" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[805,919,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">humboldti</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Thus, we confirm herein that this latter taxon is not present in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FE8C3B99C6A7FE42" box="[336,462,475,501]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493258FFD2FF1B3BBDC33BFBA6" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF1B3BBDC33BFBA6" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF1B3BBDC6B8FDAF" bold="true" box="[199,465,510,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
Several works have focused on the ecology and behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FB5F3BBDC228FDAF" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1155,1345,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FB5F3BBDC228FDAF" box="[1155,1345,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Telchin atymnius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mostly associated with its status as a pest on certain ornamentals and crops.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FCAA3861C332FD8A" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[886,1115,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz (2022a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied Mexican populations of the species, recording nine hosts, seven of which were in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FC433805C364FDD6" box="[927,1037,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FC433805C364FDD6" box="[927,1037,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Heliconia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., 1771 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FBA33805C24CFDD6" box="[1151,1317,583,609]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Based on bibliographic sources,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE443829C5E9FD32" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[408,640,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz (2022a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FCDF3829C414FD32" box="[771,893,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FCE13829C414FD32" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[829,893,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has not been reported on bananas and plantains (as other ssp.) and confirmed that it is frequently reported as a pest in sugarcane plantations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FB6538CDC25EFD1E" box="[1209,1335,655,681]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FA9D38CDC613FD7A" author="Salazar-Blanco, J. D. & Cadet-Piedra, E. & Oviedo-Alfaro, R. & Berrocal-Kopper, R. & Araya-Vindas, A." pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="26 - 28" refId="ref28381" refString="Salazar-Blanco, J. D., Cadet-Piedra, E., Oviedo-Alfaro, R., Berrocal-Kopper, R. & Araya-Vindas, A. (2018) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Resumen XI Congreso ATALAC - TECNICANA, Cali, Colombia, 26 - 28 de Setiembre de 2018, 87." type="book chapter" year="2018">
|
||
Salazar-Blanco
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF3338F1C641FD7A" box="[239,296,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE6F38F1C5B0FD7A" author="Cadet-Piedra, E. & Salazar-Blanco, J. D. & Oviedo-Alfaro, R." box="[435,729,691,717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref23914" refString="Cadet-Piedra, E., Salazar-Blanco, J. D. & Oviedo-Alfaro, R. (2019) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Boletin Agroclimatico, 1 (12), 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Cadet-Piedra
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD9138F1C5EFFD7A" box="[589,646,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
conducted studies into the population dynamics of
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FAFE38F1C2F4FD7A" box="[1314,1437,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
T. a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FA8938F1C2F4FD7A" box="[1365,1437,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF143895C62AFD46" box="[200,323,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FEDF3895C62AFD46" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[259,323,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in two sugarcane farms of the Quebrada Azul Sugar Mill (Peje Viejo and Murillo) in San Carlos,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FF4B38B9C790FCA2" box="[151,249,763,789]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FEDA38B9C6EFFCA2" box="[262,390,763,789]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. They concluded that the population dynamics of both subspecies are closely related to the phenology of the crop, highlighting that both are bivoltine and adults are frequently sighted during March–May, and September–November. Likewise, they observed that more adults were collected when the rains decreased, the temperature exceeded 25°C and the relative humidity was below 90% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FC733925C32EFC36" author="LAICA" box="[943,1095,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="26 - 48" refId="ref26361" refString="LAICA (2016) Informe de resultados 2015. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, March 2016, pp. 26 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2016">LAICA 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FB8E3925C3E6FC36" author="LAICA" box="[1106,1167,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="6 - 20" refId="ref26393" refString="LAICA (2017) Informe de resultados 2016. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 2017, 6 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As noted in iNaturalist (2023),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF2D39C9C527FC12" authority="Ruiz & Pav" authorityName="Ruiz & Pav" box="[241,590,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF2D39C9C6A8FC13" box="[241,449,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Heliconia rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
Ruiz & Pav
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FD1439C9C40EFC12" box="[712,871,907,933]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are hosts of
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FC2639C9C31DFC12" box="[1018,1140,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FBE839C9C31DFC12" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[1076,1140,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Adults of this subspecies are diurnal, flying mainly on sunny days but might fly on cloudy ones too, males are territorial, and their flight is fast, straight, and a little erratic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FDD93991C588FC5A" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[517,737,979,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Females are not fast flyers and have been observed hovering above ground close to the base of their hosts before ovipositing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FCB739B5C32FFBA6" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[875,1094,1015,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493258FFD2FF1B3E58C2F0F9E6" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF1B3E58C4A8FAE2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF1B3E58C528FB83" bold="true" box="[199,577,1050,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FD953E59C438FB82" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[585,849,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="futilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD953E59C438FB82" box="[585,849,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Telchin atymnius futilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FBB33E59C3ACFB82" box="[1135,1221,1051,1077]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FB303E59C22CFB82" box="[1260,1349,1051,1077]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FA883E59C7BBFBEE" author="Miller, J. Y." pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FF003E7DC60AFBEE" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[220,355,1086,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FEB13E7DC691FBEE" author="Lamas, G." box="[365,504,1086,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FDDE3E7DC412FBEE" author="Gonzalez, J. M. & Hernandez-Baz, F." box="[514,891,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refId="ref25718" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. & Hernandez-Baz, F. (2012) Polillas y taladradores gigantes de la familia Castniidae (Lepidoptera) de Guatemala. In: Cano, E. B. & Schuster, J. C. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de Guatemala. Vol. 2. Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, pp. 145 - 153." type="book" year="2012">González & Hernández-Baz 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FC583E7DC3D9FBEE" author="van den Berghe, E. & Maes, J. M. & Hernandez-Baz, F. & Gonzalez, J. M." box="[900,1200,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. & Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Van den Berghe
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FBE53E7DC306FBEE" box="[1081,1135,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FB653E7DC2F8FBEE" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[1209,1425,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The northernmost known distribution for this taxon is Xilitla, San Luis Potosí,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FBDB3E21C334FBCA" box="[1031,1117,1123,1149]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FBB73E21C22FFBCA" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[1131,1350,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FF673EC5C6D8FB16" author="Morrone, J. J. & Escalante, T. & Rodriguez-Tapia, G. & Carmona, A. & Arana, M. & Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[187,433,1159,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. & Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
|
||
Morrone
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FEF83EC5C634FB16" box="[292,349,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FE063EC5C53DFB16" box="[474,596,1159,1185]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD803EC5C5BCFB16" box="[604,725,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FD493EC5C5BCFB16" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[661,725,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
flies mostly in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca province of the Pacific dominion and in the Pacific Lowlands province of the Mesoamerican dominion, both in the Brazilian subregion. It is frequently recorded on the Caribbean slope of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FC1D3E8DC352FB5E" box="[961,1083,1231,1257]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
within the following provinces and cantons:
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FEF63EB0C6F0FABB" bold="true" box="[298,409,1266,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FEF63EB0C6FDFABB" box="[298,404,1266,1292]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Alajuela, Guatuso, San Carlos, San Ramón, Upala;
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FC013EB0C320FABB" bold="true" box="[989,1097,1266,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FC013EB0C32AFABB" box="[989,1091,1266,1292]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Cartago</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cartago, Jiménez, Oreamuno, Paraíso, Turrialba;
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FEB73F54C569FA87" bold="true" box="[363,512,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FEB73F54C692FA87" box="[363,507,1302,1328]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bagaces, La Cruz,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FD0A3F55C443FA86" box="[726,810,1303,1329]" name="Liberia" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Tilarán;
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FC4D3F54C493FA87" bold="true" box="[913,1018,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FC4D3F54C49CFA87" box="[913,1013,1302,1328]" country="Liberia" name="Heredia" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Heredia</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sarapiquí;
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FBA53F54C3B8FA86" bold="true" box="[1145,1233,1302,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FBA53F54C3A4FA86" box="[1145,1229,1302,1329]" country="Liberia" name="Limon" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Limón</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Guácimo, Limón, Matina, Pococí, Siquirres, Talamanca;
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD953F78C5D3FAE2" bold="true" box="[585,698,1338,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FD953F78C5DCFAE2" box="[585,693,1338,1365]" country="Liberia" name="San Jose" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">San José</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Vázquez de Coronado.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF1B3F1DC2F0F9E6" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Based on information collected from material deposited in different entomological collections, as well as records in iNaturalist (2023) and other references, except four doubtful records from the province of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FAFD3FC1C2F5FA2A" box="[1313,1436,1411,1437]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
|
||
and records from sugarcane plantations where it has been collected along with
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FBFE3FE5C3CFFA76" box="[1058,1190,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FB823FE5C3CFFA76" box="[1118,1190,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FB693FE5C226FA76" author="LAICA" box="[1205,1359,1447,1473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="26 - 48" refId="ref26361" refString="LAICA (2016) Informe de resultados 2015. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, March 2016, pp. 26 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2016">LAICA 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FA803FE5C2FEFA76" author="LAICA" box="[1372,1431,1447,1473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="6 - 20" refId="ref26393" refString="LAICA (2017) Informe de resultados 2016. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 2017, 6 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FF4B3F89C6AAFA52" author="Salazar-Blanco, J. D. & Cadet-Piedra, E. & Oviedo-Alfaro, R. & Berrocal-Kopper, R. & Araya-Vindas, A." box="[151,451,1483,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="26 - 28" refId="ref28381" refString="Salazar-Blanco, J. D., Cadet-Piedra, E., Oviedo-Alfaro, R., Berrocal-Kopper, R. & Araya-Vindas, A. (2018) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Resumen XI Congreso ATALAC - TECNICANA, Cali, Colombia, 26 - 28 de Setiembre de 2018, 87." type="book chapter" year="2018">
|
||
Salazar-Blanco
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FE953F89C6E8FA52" box="[329,385,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE133F89C58DFA52" author="Cadet-Piedra, E. & Salazar-Blanco, J. D. & Oviedo-Alfaro, R." box="[463,740,1483,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref23914" refString="Cadet-Piedra, E., Salazar-Blanco, J. D. & Oviedo-Alfaro, R. (2019) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Boletin Agroclimatico, 1 (12), 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Cadet-Piedra
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FDB43F89C5C8FA52" box="[616,673,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD2B3F89C406FA52" box="[759,879,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FCF33F89C406FA52" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[815,879,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FC793F89C34CFA52" box="[933,1061,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
T. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FC013F89C34CFA52" box="[989,1061,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
seem to be naturally allopatric in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FF4B3FADC67DF9BE" box="[151,276,1519,1545]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
; the former is found on the Caribbean slope while the latter is on the Pacific slope. However, they might eventually become sympatric, and populations might mix due to the establishment of more sugarcane plantations in the country, since as previously noted, there are sugarcane farms in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FC513C75C36EF9E6" box="[909,1031,1591,1617]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
where both subspecies fly together.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |