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<mods:title id="CF5026716DD7849666499E49FBA64DFA">Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CDC11B10E9E11F3BB85BB9C44C104E7E">García-Díaz, José De Jesús</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="62CD23C8D648DDB57CB9A423E5F7B065">Worthy, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F79EC9BD7CFE1F54559666F24FD82BBF">González, Jorge M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="90E3FD41DABFC0F9F3E85EFDEE144428">Austin Achieve Public Schools, Austin, Texas, (Research Associate, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity), USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2E3C9C2E782CAFD1BA0ABF016D671A22">Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="FC3381AE3244FFCEFF4B3CF7C588F978" bold="true" box="[151,737,1717,1744]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" reason="1">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFF4B3CF7C588F978" bold="true" box="[151,737,1717,1744]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
12.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFF1F3CF7C588F978" ID-CoL="67WVB" authority="(H. Druce, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[195,737,1717,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFF1F3CF7C562F967" bold="true" box="[195,523,1717,1744]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Athis palatinus staudingeri</emphasis>
(H.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333244FFCEFD9D3CF4C5B0F978" author="Druce, H." box="[577,729,1717,1744]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24130" refString="Druce, H. (1896) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Heterocera from Central and tropical South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 18 (103), 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939608680406" type="journal article" year="1896">Druce, 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE65493244FFCEFF4B3C9BC6C1F943" box="[151,424,1753,1780]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23244FFCEFF4B3C9BC6C1F943" blockId="21.[151,737,1717,1780]" box="[151,424,1753,1780]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473244FFCEFF433C9BC786F944" box="[159,239,1753,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,967,991]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,275,935]" captionTargetId="figure-59@17.[151,1435,273,944]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. AB: Athis palatinus staudingeri; A: ♂, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas, May 2014 (RW); B: ♀, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas, May 2014 (RW). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749654/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473244FFCEFF273C98C60CF943" box="[251,357,1754,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. AB: Amauta procera; A: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 19-II-2002 (photo: Gernot Kunz); B: ♂, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 06-III-2014 (photo: Matthew Grube); C: ♀, Prometheus zagraea zagraea, Osa, Puntarenas, 02-III-2012 (photo: GringoCurt); DE: Divana diva diva; D: ♂, Puntarenas, Puntarenas, 27-V-2018 (photo: David Curlis); E: ♀, San Ramón, Alajuela, 27-V- 2010 (photo: John B. Schneider); FG: Athis palatinus staudingeri; F: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 08-II-2021 (photo: Chatelle Taylor); G: ♂, Aguirre, Puntarenas, 16-I-2020 (photo: Ted Armstrong); H: ♂, Athis analibiae, Talamanca, Limón, 09-V-2023 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); I: ♀, Athis clitarcha, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 14-III-2020 (photo: Casey Owen); J: ♂, Athis inca inca, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-X-2018 (photo: Laurens Halsey)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749666/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">10F, 10G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473244FFCEFEAC3C98C6C9F943" box="[368,416,1754,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,284,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-67@28.[152,1435,273,1608]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution maps of the genera Amauta (A), Athis (B, C), Corybantes and Mirocastnia (D), Divana (E) and Prometheus (F) in Costa Rica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749672/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">12C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493244FFCEFF4B3D5CC43EF826" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23244FFCEFF4B3D5CC352F881" blockId="21.[151,1437,1822,1938]" box="[151,1083,1822,1846]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFF4B3D5CC56FF881" ID-CoL="967LV" authority="H. Druce, 1896" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,518,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFF4B3D5CC636F881" box="[151,351,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Castnia staudingeri</emphasis>
H.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333244FFCEFE593D5CC56FF881" author="Druce, H." box="[389,518,1822,1846]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24130" refString="Druce, H. (1896) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Heterocera from Central and tropical South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 18 (103), 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939608680406" type="journal article" year="1896">Druce, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333244FFCEFDCC3D5CC5F9F881" author="Druce, H." box="[528,656,1822,1846]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24130" refString="Druce, H. (1896) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Heterocera from Central and tropical South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 18 (103), 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939608680406" type="journal article" year="1896">Druce, 1896</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFD463D5CC49DF881" bold="true" box="[666,1012,1822,1846]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 18(103)</emphasis>
, p. 28.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23244FFCEFF4B3D7EC359F8E3" blockId="21.[151,1437,1822,1938]" box="[151,1072,1852,1879]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFF4B3D7EC632F8E3" box="[151,347,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFF4B3D7EC63CF8E3" box="[151,341,1852,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Aciloa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">Aciloa staudingeri</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333244FFCEFEBE3D7EC696F8E2" author="Houlbert, C." box="[354,511,1852,1877]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFDD43D7CC580F8E3" bold="true" box="[520,745,1852,1879]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
, pp. 64, 459, 692, 727, fig. 156.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23244FFCEFF4B3D19C43EF826" blockId="21.[151,1437,1822,1938]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFF4B3D19C62CF8C4" ID-CoL="67WVB" baseAuthorityName="Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,325,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFF4B3D19C62CF8C4" box="[151,325,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Athis staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333244FFCEFE8E3D19C6B9F8C4" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[338,464,1883,1907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFE013D19C69BF8C4" bold="true" box="[477,498,1883,1907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFD873D19C223F8C4" bold="true" box="[603,1354,1883,1907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFD353D19C409F8C4" ID-CoL="7SJ" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[745,864,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFCB73D19C489F8C4" ID-CoL="93MSF" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[875,992,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFB783D19C223F8C4" authority="Neo. Lep." authorityName="Neo. Lep." box="[1188,1354,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas Neo. Lep.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, p. 134.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFF4B3D38C6C0F825" ID-CoL="67WVB" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,425,1914,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFF4B3D38C6C0F825" box="[151,425,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Athis palatinus staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333244FFCEFE6B3D38C553F825" author="Lamas, G." box="[439,570,1914,1938]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFD9B3D38C479F825" bold="true" box="[583,784,1914,1938]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 77.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23247FFCDFF4B3FBFC4AFF9E9" blockId="22.[151,1436,1533,1630]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFF4B3FBFC67CF9A2" bold="true" box="[151,277,1533,1557]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Ecological aspects of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFDDD3FBCC400F9A1" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[513,873,1534,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhopygoides" subSpecies="smalli">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFDDD3FBCC400F9A1" box="[513,873,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Costa Rica.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFBD13FBFC34EF9A2" bold="true" box="[1037,1063,1533,1557]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">A:</emphasis>
larva in first instar;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFADC3FBCC273F9A1" bold="true" box="[1280,1306,1534,1558]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">B:</emphasis>
larva in last instar;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFF033C63C793F98E" bold="true" box="[223,250,1569,1593]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">C:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFEDE3C60C6E3F98E" box="[258,394,1570,1594]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Werauhia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFEDE3C60C60DF98D" box="[258,356,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Werauhia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, host plant of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFDFD3C60C5F7F98D" box="[545,670,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
M. p.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFDBC3C60C5F7F98D" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[608,670,1570,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smalli">smalli</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFB383C60C396F98D" bold="true" box="[1252,1279,1570,1594]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">D:</emphasis>
newly hatched female;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFF353C04C66BF9E9" bold="true" box="[233,258,1606,1630]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">E:</emphasis>
exuviae;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFEB93C04C617F9E9" bold="true" box="[357,382,1606,1630]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">F:</emphasis>
mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493247FFCCFF4B3CEDC616F992" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23247FFCDFF4B3CEDC391F881" blockId="22.[151,1436,1711,1990]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFF4B3CEDC6E8F97D" bold="true" box="[151,385,1711,1738]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">General comments.</emphasis>
The northernmost taxon of the
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFD303CF2C408F97D" ID-CoL="5W8VB" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[748,865,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palatinus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFD253CF2C408F97D" box="[761,865,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">palatinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” complex. Described by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFB593CF2C275F97D" author="Druce, H." box="[1157,1308,1712,1738]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24130" refString="Druce, H. (1896) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Heterocera from Central and tropical South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 18 (103), 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939608680406" type="journal article" year="1896">Druce (1896)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFA993CF2C6C1F959" ID-CoL="967LV" authority="Druce, 1896" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFA993CF2C67EF959" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Castnia staudingeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFEC23C96C6C1F959" author="Druce, H." box="[286,424,1748,1774]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24130" refString="Druce, H. (1896) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Heterocera from Central and tropical South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 18 (103), 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939608680406" type="journal article" year="1896">Druce, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
based on specimens collected in
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203247FFCDFCC23C96C416F959" box="[798,895,1748,1774]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Chiriquí</collectingRegion>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFC563C96C356F959" author="Houlbert, C." box="[906,1087,1748,1774]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert (1918)</bibRefCitation>
included it in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFB3D3C96C7BBF8A5" ID-CoL="95HD8" authority="Houlbert, 1918" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Aciloa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFB3D3C96C243F959" box="[1249,1322,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Aciloa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFAEE3C96C7BBF8A5" author="Houlbert, C." pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFED63CBAC6CAF8A5" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[266,419,1784,1810]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986)</bibRefCitation>
placed it in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFDED3CBAC502F8A5" ID-CoL="9237Y" box="[561,619,1784,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFDED3CBAC502F8A5" box="[561,619,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Athis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFC913CBAC3C7F8A5" ID-CoL="5W8VB" authority="(Cramer, 1777)" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[845,1198,1784,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palatinus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFC913CBAC49EF8A5" box="[845,1015,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Athis palatinus</emphasis>
(Cramer, 1777)
</taxonomicName>
. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFAD83CBAC2F5F8A4" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1284,1436,1784,1811]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller (1995)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFECB3D5EC6FEF881" ID-CoL="967LV" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1896" box="[279,407,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFECB3D5EC6FEF881" box="[279,407,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a valid species, but
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFDA63D5EC47FF880" author="Lamas, G." box="[634,790,1820,1847]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
included it as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFBB63D5EC398F881" ID-CoL="5W8VB" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1130,1265,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palatinus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFBB63D5EC398F881" box="[1130,1265,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">A. palatinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23247FFCDFF1B3D02C796F871" blockId="22.[151,1436,1711,1990]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFF1B3D02C695F8ED" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[199,508,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFF1B3D02C695F8ED" box="[199,508,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Athis palatinus staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare taxon that is poorly represented in entomological collections. Until the first decade of the 21st century, specimens were only known from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523247FFCDFCA23D26C4B3F8C9" box="[894,986,1892,1918]" name="Panama" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Panama</collectingCountry>
, but Vinciguerra (2011) and
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFAC43D26C61BF815" author="Vinciguerra, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="155 - 159" refId="ref28923" refString="Vinciguerra, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2011) Observations on distribution of Athis palatinus staudingeri (Druce, 1896) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 39 (154), 155 - 159." type="journal article" year="2011">Vinciguerra &amp; González (2011)</bibRefCitation>
reported it for the first time for
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523247FFCDFD3A3DCAC408F815" box="[742,865,1928,1954]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(Corcovado), extending its distribution in Central America.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F3BB664A3246FFCCFF4B3E7AC5BCFA9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749666" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12749666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749666/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" startId="23.[151,250,1080,1104]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1056]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23246FFCCFF4B3E7AC5BCFA9F" blockId="23.[151,1437,1080,1320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFF4B3E7AC608FBE7" bold="true" box="[151,353,1080,1104]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">FIGURE 10. AB:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFEB43E7BC567FBE7" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[360,526,1081,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procera">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFEB43E7BC567FBE7" box="[360,526,1081,1104]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Amauta procera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFDC03E7AC55EFBE7" bold="true" box="[540,567,1080,1104]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">A:</emphasis>
♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 19-II-2002 (photo: Gernot Kunz);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFB493E7BC3C6FBE6" bold="true" box="[1173,1199,1081,1105]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">B:</emphasis>
♂, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 06-III-2014 (photo: Matthew Grube);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFDC13E1EC551FBC3" bold="true" box="[541,568,1116,1140]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">C:</emphasis>
♀,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFDBC3E1EC4ABFBC2" authority=", Osa" authorityName="Osa" box="[608,962,1116,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="zagraea" subSpecies="zagraea">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFDBC3E1EC4E3FBC3" box="[608,906,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Prometheus zagraea zagraea</emphasis>
, Osa
</taxonomicName>
, Puntarenas, 02-III-2012 (photo: GringoCurt);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFF4B3EC3C7B9FB2E" bold="true" box="[151,208,1153,1177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">DE:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFF0B3EC3C6E0FB2F" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[215,393,1152,1176]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diva" subSpecies="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFF0B3EC3C6E0FB2F" box="[215,393,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Divana diva diva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFE443EC3C6DBFB2E" bold="true" box="[408,434,1153,1177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">D:</emphasis>
♂, Puntarenas, Puntarenas, 27-V-2018 (photo: David Curlis);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFBE43EC3C339FB2E" bold="true" box="[1080,1104,1153,1177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">E:</emphasis>
♀, San Ramón, Alajuela, 27-V- 2010 (photo: John B. Schneider);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFE203EE6C55DFB0B" bold="true" box="[508,564,1188,1212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">FG:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFDE13EE6C43DFB0B" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[573,852,1188,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFDE13EE6C43DFB0B" box="[573,852,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Athis palatinus staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFCB93EE7C414FB0A" bold="true" box="[869,893,1189,1213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">F:</emphasis>
♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 08-II-2021 (photo: Chatelle Taylor);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFF2C3E8AC662FB57" bold="true" box="[240,267,1224,1248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">G:</emphasis>
♂, Aguirre, Puntarenas, 16-I-2020 (photo: Ted Armstrong);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFCAB3E8BC4FAFB56" bold="true" box="[887,915,1225,1249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">H:</emphasis>
♂,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFC673E8AC3BAFB57" authority=", Talamanca" authorityName="Talamanca" box="[955,1235,1224,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analibiae">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFC673E8AC33EFB57" box="[955,1111,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Athis analibiae</emphasis>
, Talamanca
</taxonomicName>
, Limón, 09-V-2023 (photo: Heiner Ziegler);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFE4E3EAFC6CDFAB2" bold="true" box="[402,420,1261,1285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">I:</emphasis>
♀,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFE173EAEC5BEFAB3" authority=", Coto Brus" authorityName="Coto Brus" box="[459,727,1260,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFE173EAEC509FAB3" box="[459,608,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Athis clitarcha</emphasis>
, Coto Brus
</taxonomicName>
, Puntarenas, 14-III-2020 (photo: Casey Owen);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFB1E3EAFC3BEFAB2" bold="true" box="[1218,1239,1261,1285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">J:</emphasis>
♂,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFB213EAEC792FA9F" authority=", Sarapiqui" authorityName="Sarapiqui" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFB213EAEC2FFFAB3" box="[1277,1430,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Athis inca inca</emphasis>
, Sarapiquí
</taxonomicName>
, Heredia, 26-X-2018 (photo: Laurens Halsey).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23246FFCCFF1B3F39C616F992" blockId="23.[151,1437,1403,1969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
The wing pattern differs from other subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFD203F39C4CCFA22" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[764,933,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palatinus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFD203F39C4CCFA22" box="[764,933,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Athis palatinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a slightly more orange base-color both on the fore- and hindwing.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFE273FDDC5BCFA0E" box="[507,725,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFE273FDDC55CFA0E" box="[507,565,1439,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Athis</taxonomicName>
p.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFD893FDDC5BCFA0E" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1896" box="[597,725,1439,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">staudingeri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
shows some sexual dimorphism: (i) females are normally larger than males; (ii) female forewings have a marked curvature at the outer margin; (iii) the subapical, postdiscal and costal spots in the female forewing are larger than in the male; (iv) the spots of the postdiscal band of the hindwing are smaller in males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493246FFCCFF1B3C6DC617F896" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23246FFCCFF1B3C6DC617F896" blockId="23.[151,1437,1403,1969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFF1B3C6DC6B1F9FF" bold="true" box="[199,472,1582,1609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
No ecological or behavioral information on this subspecies is known. It has been observed in the province of
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203246FFCCFE003C11C53EF9DA" box="[476,599,1619,1645]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
from January to May. Adults fly on sunny days along paths or openings in the forest; males are territorial. On one occasion a male was seen feeding on an unidentified flower (
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473246FFCCFAF13C35C2FDF926" box="[1325,1428,1655,1681]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. AB: Amauta procera; A: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 19-II-2002 (photo: Gernot Kunz); B: ♂, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 06-III-2014 (photo: Matthew Grube); C: ♀, Prometheus zagraea zagraea, Osa, Puntarenas, 02-III-2012 (photo: GringoCurt); DE: Divana diva diva; D: ♂, Puntarenas, Puntarenas, 27-V-2018 (photo: David Curlis); E: ♀, San Ramón, Alajuela, 27-V- 2010 (photo: John B. Schneider); FG: Athis palatinus staudingeri; F: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 08-II-2021 (photo: Chatelle Taylor); G: ♂, Aguirre, Puntarenas, 16-I-2020 (photo: Ted Armstrong); H: ♂, Athis analibiae, Talamanca, Limón, 09-V-2023 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); I: ♀, Athis clitarcha, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 14-III-2020 (photo: Casey Owen); J: ♂, Athis inca inca, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-X-2018 (photo: Laurens Halsey)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749666/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
) (Chantelle Taylor &amp; Ted Armstrong, pers. comm.). The host plant of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFC7D3CD9C334F902" box="[929,1117,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
A. p.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFC013CD9C334F902" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1896" box="[989,1117,1691,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">staudingeri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is unknown but considering the hosts of other species or subspecies in the
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFD763CFDC47BF96E" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[682,786,1727,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palatinus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFD763CFDC47BF96E" box="[682,786,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">palatinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, it is probably a bromeliad (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFB1D3CFDC236F96E" box="[1217,1375,1727,1753]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
) (see
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFF4B3CA1C67FF94A" author="Moss, A. M." box="[151,278,1762,1789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="48 - 52" refId="ref27791" refString="Moss, A. M. (1945) The Castnia of Para with notes on others (Lep. Castniidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 14, 48 - 52." type="journal article" year="1945">Moss 1945</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFEFD3CA1C6C0F94A" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[289,425,1763,1789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFE683CA1C421F94A" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Fernandez-Yepez, F." box="[436,840,1763,1789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="5 - 10" refId="ref25608" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Fernandez-Yepez, F. (1992) Descripcion de una nueva especie de Athis Hubner de Venezuela (Lepidoptera: Castniidae: Castniinae). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 52 (137), 5 - 10." type="journal article" year="1992">González &amp; Fernández-Yépez 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFC883CA1C334F94A" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. &amp; Miller, J. Y. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[852,1117,1763,1789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="86 - 89" refId="ref24736" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J., Miller, J. Y. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Observations on the courtship and other biological aspects of Athis hechtiae (Dyar, 1910) (Castniidae) in Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 30 (2), 86 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 4317558" type="journal article" year="2020">
García-Díaz
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFC3F3CA1C372F94A" box="[995,1051,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
, 2022;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFB723CA1C2FEF94A" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Garcia-Diaz, J. J. &amp; Simon, S. &amp; Monteys, V. &amp; Worthy, R." box="[1198,1431,1763,1789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="300 - 322" refId="ref25837" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Lopez-Godinez, B., Garcia-Diaz, J. J., Simon, S., Sarto i Monteys, V. &amp; Worthy, R. (2021) Reinstatement of Athis miastagma (Dyar, 1925) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) as a valid species inhabiting the Pacific slope of Central Mexico. Zootaxa, 5061 (2), 300 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5061.2.4" type="journal article" year="2021">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFAC23CA1C23FF94A" box="[1310,1366,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFF4B3D45C618F896" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[151,369,1799,1825]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="91 - 99" refId="ref24497" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 b) Synopsis of Athis thysanete (Dyar, 1912) (Castniidae: Castniinae) populations, courtship behavior and other observations on its biology. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (2), 91 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7246181" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493246FFCCFF1B3D68C51DF806" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23246FFCCFF1B3D68C51DF806" blockId="23.[151,1437,1403,1969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFF1B3D68C52CF8F3" bold="true" box="[199,581,1834,1861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFD933D69C4EFF8F2" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[591,902,1835,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFD933D69C4EFF8F2" box="[591,902,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Athis palatinus staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from a few localities in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523246FFCCFA803D69C7A3F8DE" name="Costa Rica" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523246FFCCFEDD3D0DC634F8DE" box="[257,349,1871,1897]" name="Panama" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Panama</collectingCountry>
. In
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523246FFCCFE5B3D0DC56DF8DE" box="[391,516,1871,1897]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, it has only been registered within the cantons of Aguirre, Golfito, and Osa, in the province of
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203246FFCCFEFF3D31C6C8F83A" box="[291,417,1907,1933]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
, localities that belong to the Puntarenas-Chiriquí province of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFE5E3DD5C500F806" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[386,617,1943,1969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFE313DD5C54CF806" box="[493,549,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>