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<document id="73C1FC89C3A3C6461812FB2AD2FBC069" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524" ID-ZooBank="BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212" ID-publisher-id="140524" URI-arpha="8BBD979A-A43B-550B-853F-36895E8AFD3A" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1734967240283" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Muller, Burgert S., Swart, Vaughn R. &amp; Snyman, Louwrens P." docDate="2024" docId="281E2FB8BA0D5F9DB5E38051249F2B51" docLanguage="en" docName="African Invertebrates 65(2): 247-327" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 65 (2)" docSource="https://africaninvertebrates.pensoft.net/article/140524/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Suragina Walker 1859" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="327" masterDocId="8BBD979AA43B550B853F36895E8AFD3A" masterDocTitle="Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="247" pageNumber="247" updateTime="1735007760347" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="37B68291C81E0AEC4C0D58079A065EAF">Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EAB43E50C29882183A2DFCF9D0B71450">Muller, Burgert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1277042FA3179ED5FFFFD5E57FFD59C4">Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa &amp; Department Zoology &amp; Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="96A33D119D5CA006FFFA77346751C8C0">Swart, Vaughn R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A1B10529AFBA6FF27D594EBD63419180">Department Zoology &amp; Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1E04AE11B267E03FF7B107DDD5C294FF">Snyman, Louwrens P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E87EB5D6C40087ADFEACEDA1267F7368">Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada &amp; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="DD9211CE0B0F8C3DCCA20B8ACD5C0367">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C9951278BC15098C6431A4FBB97524AC">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="BF28904959F68E8CF6D9AD3DC57EF264" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F1263FBA3322BB8F7854AAF2DB15A3ED">
<taxonomicName id="0D5837E55938A058BD18DC2DBDD59CE6" ID-CoL="7QF2" authority="Walker, 1859" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F18B891E3C7A4EBDE1EC8AB1C2F5CA3F" italics="true">Suragina</emphasis>
Walker, 1859
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="939C57D4505717FB21031B08254EAAB5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DFFC50CD5E63A051751FC3A07E1AAA45">
<treatmentCitation id="45A15F86480E700ADDE36BB89E55C7DD">
<taxonomicName id="E781E2D585E4A69361060DB5DA0956F6" ID-CoL="7QF2" authority="Walker, 1859: 110" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="110" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8F5A56EE563F59166FBE22DE6B25462" italics="true">Suragina</emphasis>
Walker, 1859: 110
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWAAE" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="9D7EADDB9DC9D7C04EF946F1CCB67314">
<heading id="7F1A5BB323B940F10128DCEE29D3DC59" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="00224633B3D5190A0F716881E5936765">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B751513A980CCB5ABE8318F58B22BCA0">
<taxonomicName id="DCAC3A3824E3EFAA97841DE3F452A78A" authority="Walker, 1859" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illucens">
<emphasis id="4513B6F0015BB9B2A10C4EBA2E82DFB5" italics="true">Suragina illucens</emphasis>
Walker, 1859
</taxonomicName>
by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHBAE" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F5B0C1ACEAEEF18E6C6B7AE961D75604">
<heading id="C68F2BD3C13360F8ABB7CF383F008539" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2409175B46EC2EAE4DAC426587DD90AA">
<taxonomicName id="B4C1FEA39898519FD63581B705E98C62" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06D2D153AC08CF201BD0609CB9C2B356" italics="true">Suragina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to the genus
<taxonomicName id="3B056634E8C8872C3FB773118B4FAC37" authorityName="Verrall" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Atrichops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="83745B1538BBA05F5630DA4B7D0DFF46" italics="true">Atrichops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with which it shares elongated legs and the hind coxa with a stout apical point or spine-like projection on its anteroventral surface. Similarly,
<taxonomicName id="00B309CD2EBD21A8C4A45C112D10E104" authorityName="Verrall" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Atrichops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="36DCD0F41BFF6C5A78397225C4F4E4B0" italics="true">Atrichops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also haematophagous, with well-developed mandibles. However,
<taxonomicName id="84B1CE96F68C46013F916BE4405F06A5" authorityName="Verrall" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Atrichops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F40E0F3B284EF4496A33630C124663A" italics="true">Atrichops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a knoblike proepimeral process (somewhat reduced in Afrotropical species) that is absent in
<taxonomicName id="D7CE2F7B47E584DC883C572C79A17621" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62FC763992ED06643208B9650D7FD990" italics="true">Suragina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="CC191D37491629012EBA72A2F1ECCD64" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72366A1E7F8A2DC3D2D4812017D49C3B" italics="true">Suragina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has its frons usually contrasting velvety-black on the upper half and silvery-grey on the lower half (especially evident in
<specimenCount id="476643D000CE5C7CFDDCB7BAF1052BBB" count="1" type="female"></specimenCount>
), whereas the frons in
<taxonomicName id="87E7AE9407F43DB345A569B628B83EFF" authorityName="Verrall" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Atrichops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="71D35709E02DDF035C0E59B8B9EBD2E7" italics="true">Atrichops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more concolorous. The antennal bases are comparatively widely separated in
<taxonomicName id="1C380FED5D0E888CA4129C31BA4B0D01" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AA86DB972C0B29FC8A036E3331324BCA" italics="true">Suragina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and close together in
<taxonomicName id="6EA95D13FDC98742E22E1E6C9CBBA977" authorityName="Verrall" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Atrichops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A03A387C51D216FB2F982E37CB52159" italics="true">Atrichops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="547DC69A11BC4AC8E13E3B0EF57A8BE0" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FF5401C1A1416F9C3826D917B39026F7" italics="true">Suragina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
typically has a tibial spur ratio of 0: 2: 2 (1: 2:
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some specimens of
<taxonomicName id="53C14E16C1DBFD63C1DC2838E2A77480" authority="(Bequaert, 1921))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Bequaert" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binominata">
<emphasis id="CBE2CCDAA34759DB98548E08CA3956B0" italics="true">S. binominata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="42C7876425ED269181993E14F0E1F325" DOI="10.1155/1921/95269" author="Bequaert J" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Psyche (Cambridge, Massachusetts)" pagination="1-7" refId="B2" refString="Bequaert J (1921) Atherix braunsi nov. sp., a South African leptid with gregarious habits (Diptera). Psyche (Cambridge, Massachusetts) 28 (1): 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1921 / 95269" title="Atherix braunsi nov. sp., a South African leptid with gregarious habits (Diptera)." volume="28" year="1921">Bequaert, 1921</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
, while
<taxonomicName id="251E3D11359CB14AC0DDD13ABC2A62C2" authorityName="Verrall" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Atrichops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02C3DED16B3C8D4C792878570BB15E8A" italics="true">Atrichops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a ratio of 0: 1: 2. There is also a substantial difference in the morphology of the male terminalia, with
<taxonomicName id="C223F7C40DF7D4D1A4D9E74B2F6362DC" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BA9B525BC1E386D1DDDA7BF559E72261" italics="true">Suragina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having the gonostylus inserted apically and the parameral sheath simple apically, compared to
<taxonomicName id="E13872DDD8167E04BCCA01CF0FAD5F2A" authorityName="Verrall" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Atrichops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="89CE5ABC5FC91323781EB0AEEAA4F7A7" italics="true">Atrichops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having the gonostylus inserted subapically, sometimes even medially on the gonocoxite (e. g.
<taxonomicName id="B04400864B4B144142086FA9F37BFA6D" authority="Muller, 2023" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Atrichops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="EDE95BACC8C3130B6FB3FE2713F461CB" italics="true">Atrichops intermedius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9DD576B9861AA44C9D89D2FB2B8685DF" DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.64.113133" author="Muller BS &amp; Swart VR &amp; Snyman LP" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="African Invertebrates" pagination="303-322" refId="B14" refString="Muller BS, Swart VR, Snyman LP (2023) Afrotropical Atrichops Verrall (Diptera, Athericidae) with description of a new species. African Invertebrates 64 (3): 303 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / afrinvertebr. 64.113133" title="Afrotropical Atrichops Verrall (Diptera, Athericidae) with description of a new species." volume="64" year="2023">
Muller,
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2023
<emphasis id="592360825D65305FF0EE608C6438FDA8" italics="true">in</emphasis>
</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="72DC9D5B3C0ECF35DA682511F9EBD928" DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.64.113133" author="Muller" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Muller" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="African Invertebrates" pagination="303-322" refId="B14" refString="Muller BS, Swart VR, Snyman LP (2023) Afrotropical Atrichops Verrall (Diptera, Athericidae) with description of a new species. African Invertebrates 64 (3): 303322. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.64.113133" title="Afrotropical Atrichops Verrall (Diptera, Athericidae) with description of a new species." volume="64" year="2023">Muller et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
) and the parameral sheath ending with outward projections.
<bibRefCitation id="C0B8D6619BB49B0655E4EA182C221949" author="Woodley NE" editor="Kirk-Spriggs AH &amp; Sinclair BJ" firstAuthor="Woodley" journalOrPublisher="Volume 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria" page="887" pagination="885-891" refId="B28" refString="Woodley NE (2017) 38. Athericidae (Water Snipe Flies). In: Kirk-Spriggs AH, Sinclair BJ (Eds) Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Volume 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 885891." title="38. Athericidae (Water Snipe Flies)." volumeTitle="Manual of Afrotropical Diptera." year="2017">Woodley (2017: 887)</bibRefCitation>
provided a key to the known genera of Afrotropical
<taxonomicName id="9FDF52C782AD61561DA765FE54BF80CB" authorityName="Stuckenberg" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Athericidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05766FDC5935EEE075FF677F080CEE62">
<title id="73209C8DCA86FACBFF4427F1EACDB345">
Key to the Afrotropical species of
<taxonomicName id="462E4A06606C91AE6D969B88BE2D2495" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EFA85A22D84DE2CFBE2A4489013F7" italics="true">Suragina</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
(excluding
<taxonomicName id="7E6E6B7F4F591A8FCE3975631D26C2BA" baseAuthorityName="Speiser" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disciclara">
<emphasis id="515D8340FC2A54299E4CD86234E9A36B" italics="true">S. disciclara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5543910CC51A97533BF5F5F3E4BFEEF" baseAuthorityName="Lindner" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilitarsis">
<emphasis id="8859DB078DDC2DFF8107D5A4F0C2B68A" italics="true">S. pilitarsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</title>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="50FB964837058FEA5A427F823D985997">
<table id="TID0EHJAC" rules="all">
<tbody id="BC0A1CF80A51B17A79F79B54C0E67FFF">
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<tr id="A047648FEA6517AC925A44450FD2E779">
<td id="4CB0E5A5BBB4F0E5F7565A1665E93D1E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td id="5AFD6DC3B45F8F1C0F3C382C66BD24D3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Scutum and pleura with ground colour mostly orange-yellow (e. g. Fig.
<figureCitation id="C4031CE69121AE8B4015FE8881CFB7C7" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">1</figureCitation>
), if scutum with prominent dark median vitta (e. g. Fig.
<figureCitation id="DB616E38ED0364057E123E34D6852525" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">2</figureCitation>
) then pleura darker in colouration (Figs
<figureCitation id="54E2FB5D3CF137D0363C335E5C5102E4" captionStart="Figures 1417" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 1417. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. binominata (Bequaert): 14 ♂ holotype (MLUH) 15 ♀ (BMSA (D) 124083); S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov.: 16 ♂ holotype (BMSA (D) 83426) 17 ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 84688). 14 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures14-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205865">14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C494B32FEBD3534EF09C9A4A8B6928A4" captionStart="Figures 1417" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 1417. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. binominata (Bequaert): 14 ♂ holotype (MLUH) 15 ♀ (BMSA (D) 124083); S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov.: 16 ♂ holotype (BMSA (D) 83426) 17 ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 84688). 14 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures14-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205865">15</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="49A4DFCB9210879A15385349D1C2E58C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="308E9E36C78C36C2625F37ACC8C17C9F" bold="true">2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="097DB0204D6B2FBE78ED276D42D433F6">
<td id="AA721B6D19E31014A1AF200F3C52019C" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="048645745C83FF2F6C8FF72DE09982C0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Scutum and pleura with majority of surface brown to almost black (e. g. Figs
<figureCitation id="5E1F2A3993E4EDC1FE3D7FFC1C1D4B67" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5E051CEB359C3B672D9B48A7007C9E29" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">6</figureCitation>
), limited orange-yellow colouration
</td>
<td id="14F060B65167F64D36AC961987A883A9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="C9FE853A916F2595BB0AE08D55BF364A" bold="true">8</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8E70FB9997964B9CB36AD302E64A309E">
<td id="F98BE0B36542BA6ECEAB6E07473C0E98" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td id="9BD224B91469916D29207DAF6F7834CF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Notopleural area posterior to postpronotal lobe and anterior to transverse suture orange-yellow (e. g. Fig.
<figureCitation id="82963E06CEFBDF34D353DEC2F645A181" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">2</figureCitation>
), at most with a thin brown band along posterior edge of postpronotal lobe, no pruinosity in area
</td>
<td id="D33FB4E2FFA944902BBFA8E48B9C1A27" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="D74667CF813726CE4F7D1FD2DC4C574B" bold="true">3</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6DD7FCF61370A260CE38AB8D68BDAD6A">
<td id="D8A5449B50816C52B6CA6ED5D96BF6EE" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="D334174D33479BA047845B1716932296" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Notopleural area posterior to postpronotal lobe and anterior to transverse suture with a brownish marking on surface (e. g. Fig.
<figureCitation id="5E62C0E9346A3F442D4F8E1754BF7CCD" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">4</figureCitation>
), appearing bluish- to silver-grey pruinose in dorsal view, brown in lateral view (dependent on viewing angle)
</td>
<td id="4C1386BC48B4C94315480A30FDBD89F6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="25BB0D8E9B40EFF7D109324132878403" bold="true">5</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D8666AE0951AB36DEB12938EE5D34317">
<td id="2490E36A0B3FA8D0AF6C52F6B9271A00" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td id="A8F0CE155AF6EF80CCF8464AF254A994" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Scutum with a prominent dark median vitta (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2C0BDDA5B365EF14AF12897D542BD924" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">2</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="2919DE1C26BECCA053984E4843321EA8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="C4DD110E27BC93E67C1F5D943B77B480" authority="(Bequaert)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Bequaert" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binominata">
<emphasis id="F4AACE6D9C897ECA0F29BC51A43BB887" bold="true">
<emphasis id="4EA5DD07960D1D4953E69A687FD5AA0C" bold="true" italics="true">S. binominata</emphasis>
(Bequaert)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in part, ♀)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="07E156F5B17177D6E7AA91E0A933A3B3">
<td id="048D2FB75B4D272D82459077787C406A" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="89698E16278F258E1BEFE6FC1EC86609" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Scutum without a median vitta (Fig.
<figureCitation id="19989246D2B1BBDF63442CF7BF1FF139" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">1</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="98696C01D5224F1427D438AB6B4D7822" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="248DC3689CE072E603483EA447C58580" bold="true">4</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FEA505D64548682CFB00A7EF2029B268">
<td id="05EF5A066D2EB51FC0D8F6EB916EC57E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td id="40CB1F0E8CF2D2CA40CB43E52A7FAEBD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Fore and hind tibiae dark brown to black; lateral margins of tergites 24 dark (Figs
<figureCitation id="4614C8A6A0F4C447E645FF2A21952059" captionStart="Figures 1417" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 1417. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. binominata (Bequaert): 14 ♂ holotype (MLUH) 15 ♀ (BMSA (D) 124083); S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov.: 16 ♂ holotype (BMSA (D) 83426) 17 ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 84688). 14 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures14-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205865">16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3B0BC5ED2974D3352920E91945A83F4F" captionStart="Figures 1417" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 1417. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. binominata (Bequaert): 14 ♂ holotype (MLUH) 15 ♀ (BMSA (D) 124083); S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov.: 16 ♂ holotype (BMSA (D) 83426) 17 ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 84688). 14 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures14-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205865">17</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="9999E5A2DB41A00AEC23C341CF1F8AE4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="5E5BE41EC883CEC792138D017257E3D8" bold="true">
<taxonomicName id="C26A128762F26192B73481905B6BC471" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copelandi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0D075CBEB50A2A3B0B1901E0BBA1072C" bold="true" italics="true">S. copelandi</emphasis>
Muller
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="113D461CF698BC7DB67397934BFC2F12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1A0061D12A8AF2AAC86FBCED6A895B27">
<td id="33B8ABA7CA02B2EC1F52843196C99D4B" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="42CD5139AF2C2BD06B67047DD1FAB933" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Fore and hind tibiae yellow to orange-yellow, some specimens with apical half of front tibia darker; lateral margins of tergites 24 concolorous with rest of abdomen or only lateral margin of tergite 2 a slightly darker colour (Figs
<figureCitation id="A4B1BE33CA3A2747A1FBDD143DC5F09C" captionStart="Figures 913" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 913. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. agramma (Bezzi): 9 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028196) 10 ♀ holotype (NMSA - DIP 028199); S. bezzii (Curran): 11 ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018382) 12 ♀ (SAM-DIP-A 018410); S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov.: 13 a ♀ paratype 1 st flagellomere (CSCA) 13 b ♀ holotype (CSCA). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures9-13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205864">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E65618244AD491D7D47003D50E75CAC0" captionStart="Figures 913" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 913. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. agramma (Bezzi): 9 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028196) 10 ♀ holotype (NMSA - DIP 028199); S. bezzii (Curran): 11 ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018382) 12 ♀ (SAM-DIP-A 018410); S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov.: 13 a ♀ paratype 1 st flagellomere (CSCA) 13 b ♀ holotype (CSCA). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures9-13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205864">10</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="26F08BFB32BEE0965A2529E7DCCA6EB0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="D65478EB331AEE9FD5B98306CA8215A8" authority="(Bezzi)" authorityName="ICIPE" baseAuthorityName="Bezzi" baseAuthorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agramma">
<emphasis id="3E8E1DBF19BA748CD5EC19FAEF54838C" bold="true">
<emphasis id="0D19E85F9F01AEE1349A2B376E075F4B" bold="true" italics="true">S. agramma</emphasis>
(Bezzi)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="645CD15F959CC8DF656CB1FD19967457">
<td id="701FA90A48559C0462F51312566C6668" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
<td id="30CF48AEE9D5F695E453A8B421798347" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutum with a prominent dark median vitta, sometimes with additional dark markings on pre- and postsutural lateral areas</td>
<td id="02EDBA10161AA08D55B76B3728918B3F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="EACD8E9EDCC6AFB91894765D6BCDE3BC" bold="true">6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7E01EC3666D0C989E27880B2000A2CC7">
<td id="495CA63D76C0F1E2D220A6F6E5C2FDEE" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="346D009C3FEE46EDC22AB6FC7CC85D3A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Scutum at most with two feint dorsocentral bluish-grey pruinose vittae (e. g. Fig.
<figureCitation id="F29DEE85BF9BA002C2CA99A7A5179680" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">5</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="6B1A702AA72F2CBE7864A6AA4F240C17" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="2E8C107C23889C42DCFD15332EF16B8B" bold="true">7</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6DA3411BE8116F2B4845E2309358421">
<td id="55DC482891DEA8C3899BB7F81CF2C81A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
<td id="5DF3EAAE7F6640E0B5A38F31C96639DB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Scutum with additional dark markings on pre- and postsutural lateral areas in addition to notopleural marking (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C6F0D9C2346EDFF44D96D976F6F9167B" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">4</figureCitation>
); fore tibia dark brown to almost black
</td>
<td id="7E76501BCC92B489B3E706B337A62779" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="92E4B92CB9C84057260652691B03BAA7" authority="(Oldroyd)" baseAuthorityName="Oldroyd" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falsa">
<emphasis id="946F3A2CB1DA4C24BF328EAC5535DC6A" bold="true">
<emphasis id="96EBD50E0DACE9AB31779C93B2B66A87" bold="true" italics="true">S. falsa</emphasis>
(Oldroyd)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="64CD8688A5E3A7FD8E778ADCB347DAFC">
<td id="EC2EFE3E8A01AFF747AA6C4B08FEC936" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="72177B8A260F3AB08254C45FD82E0F95" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Scutum without any additional pre- or postsutural dark markings apart from central vitta; fore and hind tibiae light brownish-yellow to orange-yellow (Figs
<figureCitation id="C146C5C12D74C5C001FAA8626521AEF8" captionStart="Figures 2730" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 2730. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. monogramma (Bezzi): 27 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028180) 28 ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158385); S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov.: 29 ♂ holotype (NMSA - DIP 158398) 30 ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158394). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures27-30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205869">27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BAB1ACCAEBFB5B87BEFC7E880173794" captionStart="Figures 2730" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 2730. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. monogramma (Bezzi): 27 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028180) 28 ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158385); S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov.: 29 ♂ holotype (NMSA - DIP 158398) 30 ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158394). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures27-30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205869">28</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="F923D98E2AF61C6E73848026A2DA37E8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="4EBF3A1E049C40B27FF549EB881D58E9" authority="(Bezzi)" baseAuthorityName="Bezzi" baseAuthorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monogramma">
<emphasis id="ADD8E9B96E8A222AA7FAFAD8B23C40A9" bold="true">
<emphasis id="D8B34D59C83BD6BCC397F2966F788414" bold="true" italics="true">S. monogramma</emphasis>
(Bezzi)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3A66AA85AFBC342CBCD486396F113C1F">
<td id="A953D64C63A471B66E000C8E8D901404" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td id="9AC41674439BC607A3C613B1A43C5F70" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Wing stigma dark brown with similarly dark substigmal mark running down to base of cell
<emphasis id="BC7C1F29F2B96A7D675583D5138C55A3" italics="true">
m
<subScript id="A64B041F8A4B4684FB13954FF9ECE9B1">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="7E7ADF5965CFAB45DABEFA11841C44ED" captionStart="Figures 4348" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 4348. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 43 S. dimidiatipennis (Brunetti) ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064158) 44 S. falsa Oldroyd ♀ (NHMUK 014064160) 45 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 92158) 46 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158445) 47 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ (ICIPE) 48 S. milloti (Séguy) ♀ (CSCA). 43, 44 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures43-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205873">48</figureCitation>
); prescutellar area orange-yellow without any pruinosity; Madagascan endemic
</td>
<td id="0ECA843356FF78E4128B996BF004826B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="EFD8F7731838349F7145002295D103DC" authority="(Seguy)" authorityName="CSCA" baseAuthorityName="Seguy" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milloti">
<emphasis id="D6744EEEBB1C3263646B0ED1634BDD89" bold="true">
<emphasis id="69BF4811A7F2246E7F38354701F3EC67" bold="true" italics="true">S. milloti</emphasis>
(Séguy)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="00149235073050411F19E2FAD22E8748">
<td id="DC40EF4CC8E10A803ED49D97EB738F84" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="349B5CA55E74A188E9338E36220FBD8F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Wing stigma light brown, with only some darker suffusions over posterior cells (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DBF84442EF3F7F684B1AC0519889781F" captionStart="Figures 4954" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 4954. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 49 S. monogramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 129988) 50 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (BMSA (D) 92374) 51 S. nigromaculata Muller, sp. nov. ♂ holotype (NHMUK 014064156) 52 S. pauliani ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 028172) 53 S. semiobscura Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 54 S. zombaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158451). 51 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205874">50</figureCitation>
); prescutellar area with bluish-grey pruinosity similar to that of notopleuron (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1033D990B659A77952D40092E27639D5" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">5</figureCitation>
); mainland Africa
</td>
<td id="201623D5F062078B03425959DCF13199" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="E1447B0099EF3B8DB0B6528E542DE9DE" bold="true">
<taxonomicName id="430883953189BF73B010AE28CA0473E3" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulanjeensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0161EED329232950C54DF2CFE4A35839" bold="true" italics="true">S. mulanjeensis</emphasis>
Muller
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8C68552F61F31A3C51CE6A4F88FF3ECE" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4ED69662A2E1FA2BD7C7C8FEEDBCD153">
<td id="624A54AF1B2DC5E5D4CF3D35E15163EF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
<td id="7457D5A130CFBE2BE20C3740F176DE4E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Wing stigma dark brown with similarly dark, but irregularly shaped substigmal mark running down to base of cell
<emphasis id="599E77ADCBF630F54A8EDDA18F4629B1" italics="true">
m
<subScript id="0916642D72E63106E9CDDCF6833124FF">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
; at least apical third of wing with brown suffused appearance, area between substigmal mark and suffusion appearing to form a hyaline band (e. g. Figs
<figureCitation id="2AE171E094523B25B10D93CF50A7F66C" captionStart="Figures 3742" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 3742. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 37 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 124627) 38 S. bezzii (Curran) ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018410) 39 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (CSCA) 40 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 83423); S. binominata (Bequaert): 41 holotype ♂ (MLUH) 42 ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158446). 41 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Abbreviations: br basal radial cell; bm basal medial cell; cua anterior cubital cell; CuA + CuP anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; d discal cell; M 1 first branch of media; m 1 first medial cell; M 2 second branch of media; m 2 second medial cell; M 3 third branch of media; m 3 third medial cell; R 1 anterior branch of radius; r 1 first radial cell; R 2 + 3 second branch of radius; r 2 + 3 second radial cell; R 4 upper branch of third branch of radius; R 5 lower branch of third branch of radius; Sc subcostal vein; sc subcostal cell. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures37-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205872">39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="730C01E2C7FC7250BE9E6270731032D8" captionStart="Figures 4348" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 4348. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 43 S. dimidiatipennis (Brunetti) ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064158) 44 S. falsa Oldroyd ♀ (NHMUK 014064160) 45 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 92158) 46 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158445) 47 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ (ICIPE) 48 S. milloti (Séguy) ♀ (CSCA). 43, 44 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures43-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205873">4547</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="D5E5D9C8B012D64609BF317EF15D681E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="1718BC96FCAC05813BC4E784EA6945FC" bold="true">9</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="106AE2FD392998029CFFE347DDDFE602">
<td id="4255C66704BE01B4514341952A18F324" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="D281B9751072A90C04CE7B46914601F0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Wing stigma variable, darker substigmal mark present or absent, if present, then brown suffusion runs up to or near it, not visually forming a clear hyaline band (e. g. Figs
<figureCitation id="A239F1ED230067EC6932807E4C85BA1C" captionStart="Figures 3742" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 3742. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 37 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 124627) 38 S. bezzii (Curran) ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018410) 39 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (CSCA) 40 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 83423); S. binominata (Bequaert): 41 holotype ♂ (MLUH) 42 ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158446). 41 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Abbreviations: br basal radial cell; bm basal medial cell; cua anterior cubital cell; CuA + CuP anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; d discal cell; M 1 first branch of media; m 1 first medial cell; M 2 second branch of media; m 2 second medial cell; M 3 third branch of media; m 3 third medial cell; R 1 anterior branch of radius; r 1 first radial cell; R 2 + 3 second branch of radius; r 2 + 3 second radial cell; R 4 upper branch of third branch of radius; R 5 lower branch of third branch of radius; Sc subcostal vein; sc subcostal cell. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures37-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205872">38</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A9902A711637756763E2BC2C07C87E98" captionStart="Figures 4954" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 4954. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 49 S. monogramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 129988) 50 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (BMSA (D) 92374) 51 S. nigromaculata Muller, sp. nov. ♂ holotype (NHMUK 014064156) 52 S. pauliani ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 028172) 53 S. semiobscura Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 54 S. zombaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158451). 51 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205874">54</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="9A94FAB9EE83FBBF7549B36D4E188C3E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="74E79D82F5C536C967619B23994B582A" bold="true">12</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="516D71F6772D7294ED4B08A60CC83BCA">
<td id="36EB3CDE4460425F14BE6F52AC57C1DB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</td>
<td id="72C110F85EB73C0D63D40A974D2D7A99" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Antennal 1
<superScript id="8A71AE5E79DA609BC34C2E5E5551B2BE">st</superScript>
flagellomere bilobate, c-shaped (Fig.
<figureCitation id="208F9358BEF4A8B252E578C810749A40" captionStart="Figures 913" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 913. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. agramma (Bezzi): 9 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028196) 10 ♀ holotype (NMSA - DIP 028199); S. bezzii (Curran): 11 ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018382) 12 ♀ (SAM-DIP-A 018410); S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov.: 13 a ♀ paratype 1 st flagellomere (CSCA) 13 b ♀ holotype (CSCA). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures9-13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205864">13 a</figureCitation>
); Madagascan endemic
</td>
<td id="B5C0089681266384351FCE854A4CA8D9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="D0FA1DD8D17C55D8AB3F590147303C61" bold="true">
<taxonomicName id="8743A40EBEC2B3942DD841265AFF3424" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="66669D50BEC9E4401D36608BF00345D8" bold="true" italics="true">S. bilobata</emphasis>
Muller
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4E52D3DD6616D2A1B263353760759DC4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="ED139EAC98A6D50CD18EADE808937771">
<td id="F407EEC82B916C1A0FFCB7F17B347410" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="FF185C19AD885FCCCC7A721DD61702AE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Antennal 1
<superScript id="F832E3976092FE0567DCEFFA7623388C">st</superScript>
flagellomere typical subreniform shape; mainland Africa
</td>
<td id="A414490716A45C499909B926801474F2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="9C4DD4ABE022638BAA74284FD435D797" bold="true">10</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1ECF2809371E335ECAB98EB1669CDE3D">
<td id="2F63A28229FF4438D0EB4641868579A2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
<td id="932F47D810E3D82C9DA6E8D215754439" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Upper occiput with a pair of well-developed dark markings that run down to occipital foramen (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F072BF1A59C46EA4D7A3BC930C0472A4" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">7</figureCitation>
); mid femur dark brown, only yellow at extreme base and apex (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F9DB8264C7744B4BCFE20909EE421082" captionStart="Figures 2022" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 2022. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov.: 20 ♂ holotype (NMSA - DIP 158423) 21 ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158424); S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov.: 22 ♂ holotype (NMSA - DIP 158443). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures20-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205867">22</figureCitation>
); all abdominal tergites dark brown, without any posterior grey pruinose bands
</td>
<td id="FCBCC31A1B1EF6CB6F44241FBB7116A3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="AE19EBDC9E532E94FDCE5A016796E918" bold="true">
<taxonomicName id="6740F7D23D37E9F87FB1F6BD8F2AEAB9" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberiaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CB081D2A09DE4C34F1ED22E62DE32D62" bold="true" italics="true">S. liberiaensis</emphasis>
Muller
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E3C84A7FFCC1330C2DD00A450BAE2B" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="238AFCDCE1586A6609D9EEDED3ABD95F">
<td id="BC05A7F59C331A99FCF802D9D6E11DED" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="BCFB8E18A08E04D1A710C21A0C7C3A3F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Upper occiput with narrower dark markings, either subrectangular or subtriangular; mid femur yellow, at most brownish on extreme base; tergite 1 with subtriangular dark marking, appearance of other tergites variable</td>
<td id="E4DEB3A8539E4F919F016C013C241C39" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="21E527E928FEB50314CA427D95C6676B" bold="true">11</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0035E48A5E0CFC9C667B445C15B06560">
<td id="3820247068472DBFCAF8674ADCF449BC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11</td>
<td id="DDE76517331A63DF70430D464D20E843" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Upper occiput with a pair of narrow subrectangular dark markings (Fig.
<figureCitation id="35831D979D5819F46FCD97DF5309EADF" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">8</figureCitation>
); mid femur yellow (Figs
<figureCitation id="59875321843E63F9DFCB65D81841FB5B" captionStart="Figures 2022" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 2022. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov.: 20 ♂ holotype (NMSA - DIP 158423) 21 ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158424); S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov.: 22 ♂ holotype (NMSA - DIP 158443). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures20-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205867">20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="08A124230B91DA10EE283BD6DFAA4911" captionStart="Figures 2022" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 2022. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov.: 20 ♂ holotype (NMSA - DIP 158423) 21 ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158424); S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov.: 22 ♂ holotype (NMSA - DIP 158443). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures20-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205867">21</figureCitation>
); abdominal tergites yellowish-brown to dark brown, tergite 1 with a subtriangular marking, tergite 2 in some specimens with a fenestrated appearance, at least tergites 35 with posterior grey pruinose bands
</td>
<td id="9F8FD893FE652027FC9F2955EF773F55" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="98038125CDA2F6E00641761323B24944" bold="true">
<taxonomicName id="D1F55C2908E81ED3971E8CB8790D8081" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freidbergi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="93A9D4E680CC52803DCDE593B052663D" bold="true" italics="true">S. freidbergi</emphasis>
Muller
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F670B95ED1BAB51D1340ECBCB673B7C4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="851F812EA9CE7D192432A693D4DEC0D7">
<td id="5D0051C65693736B8918B45067958779" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="792A5AEA6399E8A076F2D051A6CBC589" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Upper occiput with a subtriangular pair of well-developed dark markings (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AE0F9E8D877288C13FC0A03E81F3CBCF" captionStart="Figures 18" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 18. Dorsal view of thorax (14) and head and thorax (58) of Suragina Walker spp. 1 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (NMSA - DIP 028177) 2 S. binominata ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158408) 3 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (CSCA) 4 S. falsa ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160) 5 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 162049) 6 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 7 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 8 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158425). 4 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205863">6</figureCitation>
); mid femur yellow, at most with extreme base dark; abdomen with orange-yellow appearance; elongated dark median and lateral markings on tergites 2 and 3, remaining tergites orange-yellow without external markings
</td>
<td id="C3BE17D06413AEAE77409E758827D7DE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="0AA9142C398928146C64739110DFA0B7" bold="true">
<taxonomicName id="FA726893775138AE0508A2A865495AD8" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malavaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="478C1E6CBB489D45E2BE645671149E3A" bold="true" italics="true">S. malavaensis</emphasis>
Muller
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B30A8CD3B17134FD53B2BEA3D56D6643" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FB44DAEF06C650ABDB596C2120D3CB94">
<td id="4328A3B7A646DC49C015BC0BB84CE625" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
<td id="B5814C968B04E8259D62F26CB90A04EB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Mid femur brown on at least two-thirds of surface, fore femur yellow on over two-thirds of surface</td>
<td id="242DBE1C6D957E8CDD5E62EB05C92EDE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="3C8A9C863B0C55396081557423FA3BBA" bold="true">13</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BAB08FED822FCA69FF05A667055CD391">
<td id="EB097ACC7285C6E9232620C4F27FFC55" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="2A1F87D613BA223DBD3D7BE90C86C34C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Fore and mid femora yellow, at most brown on extreme apex and base</td>
<td id="D08F29CB89070760944AF2AC93731678" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="7D3745E06C7576472253DB7A4714DA01" bold="true">14</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="767AD3F0CB5353BFDDC245A914FB172D">
<td id="B7A5B4C214B6F15EED02DCD236E3658D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td>
<td id="2011CC8B34EF7B41B7B5BE222792590D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Wing with dark brown suffusion more pronounced on anterior half, lighter on posterior half (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FB1C60DFBE028FB8693D90550BE9AB9F" captionStart="Figures 4954" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 4954. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 49 S. monogramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 129988) 50 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (BMSA (D) 92374) 51 S. nigromaculata Muller, sp. nov. ♂ holotype (NHMUK 014064156) 52 S. pauliani ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 028172) 53 S. semiobscura Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 54 S. zombaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158451). 51 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205874">53</figureCitation>
); postpronotal lobe pale yellow; fore femur yellow on at least basal half to two-thirds, remaining apical third to half dark brown
</td>
<td id="61A658C8EBB8D300AC8F7BA6E816BC9F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="F99DFAFC417BEEABACA20005982A1C2C" bold="true">
<taxonomicName id="B2C1E39B46F3C7A19483ACA450D5A442" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiobscura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CF06EDD24A48C7B2B9E02F916D1121CD" bold="true" italics="true">S. semiobscura</emphasis>
Muller
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBB65E96E35B7F0A1E9F8612BB79DD85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="390348A1044D9A051383AE70F040D896">
<td id="45FDB7D43AA800C5121F0E753782AB81" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="266E10B200B93156E80279CD9071C12F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Wing with brownish suffusion uniformly distributed over anterior and posterior half (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EF88BE801728FEE170A4B51E0F51F43B" captionStart="Figures 3742" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 3742. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 37 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 124627) 38 S. bezzii (Curran) ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018410) 39 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (CSCA) 40 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 83423); S. binominata (Bequaert): 41 holotype ♂ (MLUH) 42 ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158446). 41 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Abbreviations: br basal radial cell; bm basal medial cell; cua anterior cubital cell; CuA + CuP anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; d discal cell; M 1 first branch of media; m 1 first medial cell; M 2 second branch of media; m 2 second medial cell; M 3 third branch of media; m 3 third medial cell; R 1 anterior branch of radius; r 1 first radial cell; R 2 + 3 second branch of radius; r 2 + 3 second radial cell; R 4 upper branch of third branch of radius; R 5 lower branch of third branch of radius; Sc subcostal vein; sc subcostal cell. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures37-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205872">38</figureCitation>
); postpronotal lobe dark brown, at most with a slight orange-yellow colouration on lateral margin; fore femur dark brown on basal third or almost entirely yellow with only extreme apex and base brown
</td>
<td id="29F854B43940A427D864E24874F1792D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="DAB570CB68084365FC9A3CBB67BEE47F" authority="(Curran)" baseAuthorityName="Curran" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bezzii">
<emphasis id="5B274A222354627C58B08C217872437A" bold="true">
<emphasis id="B353152114E302E055AA41F37A89EEF6" bold="true" italics="true">S. bezzii</emphasis>
(Curran)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DF9EF571C91712521DDEAA1454FC3BEE">
<td id="64BE7E14D042BC3D8C229DE113E70105" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
<td id="18DE1C28C4E0DFB73957B546A809372B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">All coxae orange-yellow; hind femur orange-yellow on majority of surface, with small anterior apical dark mark, hind tibia and tarsi orange-yellow; occiput with pair of narrow dark subtriangular markings; ♂ cercus orange-yellow (♀ unknown)</td>
<td id="481C0D718419604C982C5CB2CEA2937D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="02E9ADE24874DCCAACAF2913CEC22880" authority="(Brunetti)" baseAuthorityName="Brunetti" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="D4A33F2E011BCF3E4A9F868F24987988" bold="true">
<emphasis id="206AE00531E58A14458A61633DE327C9" bold="true" italics="true">S. nigromaculata</emphasis>
(Brunetti)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BDF600E11702940A12C29DF112E8CCEA">
<td id="BF71FAC39CCF63FA655170C871B0E6D4" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="F68F029AFE0929F84843C7FB1642C591" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Fore coxa variable, mid and hind coxae brown with some greyish pruinosity on at least anterior surface; hind femur with middle third with some degree of light infuscation to being blackish-brown, hind tibia and tarsi with some degree of overall infuscation; ♂ ♀ cercus darkened</td>
<td id="4FEA0B6747C456F70B398F4FA934DC93" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="68DAFDB3E53906B4104F584820444FB4" bold="true">15</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5909F3AC0C3A7AABD4D1AD2A0029F90">
<td id="2A36BC0BD8EEE541BA8555B44056BE0B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">15</td>
<td id="9B83F3E7A9065318021000B6BDE2A6FF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Antenna with 1
<superScript id="E0889B0DD4C8F94842FD4EEC56B87DF7">st</superScript>
flagellomere brown (Figs
<figureCitation id="C9273A923AF419305AF3338A40A9318D" captionStart="Figures 3133" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 3133. Suragina Walker spp. dorsal habitus: 31 S. nigromaculata ♂ holotype (NHMUK 014064156); lateral habitus, S. pauliani Stuckenberg: 32 ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 28172) 33 ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 028174). 31 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures31-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205870">32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B3DE1717BAB913096D21529FC9F240C7" captionStart="Figures 3133" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 3133. Suragina Walker spp. dorsal habitus: 31 S. nigromaculata ♂ holotype (NHMUK 014064156); lateral habitus, S. pauliani Stuckenberg: 32 ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 28172) 33 ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 028174). 31 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures31-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205870">33</figureCitation>
); postpronotal lobe and postalar callus pale orange-yellow, without pruinosity; at least tergites 15 with dark subtriangular medial markings; wing overall light brown suffused (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6A63619F233CCBA634159126A6A07641" captionStart="Figures 4954" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 4954. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 49 S. monogramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 129988) 50 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ (BMSA (D) 92374) 51 S. nigromaculata Muller, sp. nov. ♂ holotype (NHMUK 014064156) 52 S. pauliani ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 028172) 53 S. semiobscura Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (ICIPE) 54 S. zombaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158451). 51 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205874">52</figureCitation>
) apparent darker suffused substigmal mark in ♂; Madagascan endemic
</td>
<td id="130CAACB7F64BA7B6FC4F80C4DCCCCEA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="61BFDB43E5C4D1EDE954D7BDA0118D21" authority="(Stuckenberg)" baseAuthorityName="Stuckenberg" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">
<emphasis id="9BD0BDDF5A71D00E5779DE43302B8798" bold="true">
<emphasis id="D15E51962DAEEF4106D0F8D3E05591C2" bold="true" italics="true">S. pauliani</emphasis>
(Stuckenberg)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D9CC2A9B60C8E32619E3734DED570EDE">
<td id="8FD8822A1B8DD8911D84289FF50FEEEC" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="5A5F457F106AAE3EC056483C1237ECA8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Antenna with 1
<superScript id="8C53B943B49168320801D02B6CE664B4">st</superScript>
flagellomere orange-yellow; postpronotal lobe orange-brown to brown with greyish pruinosity, or dark brown without pruinosity, postalar callus colour variable; abdominal tergite markings variable, if dark, subtriangular then wing without apparent dark substigmal mark in ♂ ♀; mainland Africa
</td>
<td id="B2E54A43EE85FC7AB1D199441748848D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="AFED37AF3034DB8A708A9A144175BEA0" bold="true">16</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CC4B235BA10DDB4165667FC55839111C">
<td id="61BCB550029F4671EF9F7D9B9C79E0F0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">16</td>
<td id="7CE298C8B7F7771D85C1265254917808" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Hind femur with median third only slightly infuscated, if at all; wing with light brown stigma, wing membrane lightly and evenly brown suffused (Figs
<figureCitation id="D760D5EAFD3EAFD17075BA0B0128B660" captionStart="Figures 3742" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 3742. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 37 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 124627) 38 S. bezzii (Curran) ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018410) 39 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (CSCA) 40 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 83423); S. binominata (Bequaert): 41 holotype ♂ (MLUH) 42 ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158446). 41 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Abbreviations: br basal radial cell; bm basal medial cell; cua anterior cubital cell; CuA + CuP anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; d discal cell; M 1 first branch of media; m 1 first medial cell; M 2 second branch of media; m 2 second medial cell; M 3 third branch of media; m 3 third medial cell; R 1 anterior branch of radius; r 1 first radial cell; R 2 + 3 second branch of radius; r 2 + 3 second radial cell; R 4 upper branch of third branch of radius; R 5 lower branch of third branch of radius; Sc subcostal vein; sc subcostal cell. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures37-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205872">41</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BFB3B25C58ED1C4C040EF00AA579522" captionStart="Figures 3742" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 3742. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 37 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 124627) 38 S. bezzii (Curran) ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018410) 39 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (CSCA) 40 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 83423); S. binominata (Bequaert): 41 holotype ♂ (MLUH) 42 ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158446). 41 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Abbreviations: br basal radial cell; bm basal medial cell; cua anterior cubital cell; CuA + CuP anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; d discal cell; M 1 first branch of media; m 1 first medial cell; M 2 second branch of media; m 2 second medial cell; M 3 third branch of media; m 3 third medial cell; R 1 anterior branch of radius; r 1 first radial cell; R 2 + 3 second branch of radius; r 2 + 3 second radial cell; R 4 upper branch of third branch of radius; R 5 lower branch of third branch of radius; Sc subcostal vein; sc subcostal cell. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures37-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205872">42</figureCitation>
); abdominal tergites orange-yellow with blackish subtriangular median markings and similarly coloured lateral markings
</td>
<td id="77BF30DB50EA6DE77D4D8F37C2D5A151" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="E20FBF8FCA33B3FE76EF5150AFBA45E9" authority="(Bequaert)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Bequaert" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binominata">
<emphasis id="6559D64992D4F94E81A39AFB0EAD2D30" bold="true">
<emphasis id="008D3A5942A8B8F74BF299FB75AE0233" bold="true" italics="true">S. binominata</emphasis>
(Bequaert)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in part, ♂)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C97A481C432D5FEBAB20AD6094B7F46D">
<td id="41E81476B38E13797C6F123E38D06BBE" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="C8B65036A69A7C65BC65A0E5852F304F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Hind femur with median third blackish; wing with dark brown stigma, wing membrane darker brown suffused on apical half, with some cells having a small hyaline patch at their centres; abdominal tergite colour variable, but never with subtriangular markings</td>
<td id="BF86BCF5C4CE8018147FE8D33220435A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="372A5B81AB732C996B5A7A3FD3ACF957" bold="true">17</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BAE7BF8379C9E78D33BCA718086A3C06">
<td id="9B6629A85D6ED9A4BFB190879B51614D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">17</td>
<td id="9453A360F4E515EABBEF3295B78F799F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Upper occiput with narrow subrectangular markings not reaching down past upper third of occiput (Fig.
<figureCitation id="543B9CE7BEE773D709A79BCA130C356E" captionStart="Figures 3436" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 3436. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: 34 S. semiobscura Muller, sp. nov. ♀ holotype (SAM-DIP-A 018385); S. zombaensis Muller, sp. nov.: 35 ♂ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158421) 36 ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158415). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures34-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205871">36</figureCitation>
); tergites 15 each with a median longitudinal blackish marking flanked for most part by bluish-grey pruinosity, additionally tergites 35 each with a grey pruinose posterior band
</td>
<td id="2D5231456F710064EF0CB45A5613E46F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="B05767C4F5A51EA150283D55E47D0BBE" bold="true">
<taxonomicName id="BEB3A1EC612D347A3D70E7FE815EEF7E" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zombaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6AC223E0459E711C60BA35185547C8CD" bold="true" italics="true">S. zombaensis</emphasis>
Muller
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1B9B0DA02B3672965A3CA2EE05D9E1AD" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0890E5BD4F39612D70834F577A17627E">
<td id="F3A54BAE6C2B8472DAFDF9138E980C4C" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="D1D29C51C6AA81C75C868BA1AE791238" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
Upper occiput with wide subrectangular markings running down to occipital foramen; tergite 1 appearing orange-yellow without any pruinosity, tergites 2 and 3 with a light brown dorsal marking appearing to cover most of dorsal surfaces; tergites 4 and 5 orange-yellow, with tergites 6 and 7 appearing to have brownish posterior margins, all tergites without apparent pruinosity (Fig.
<figureCitation id="48DA9D0E88AB33EEE00BC15CB3B7012D" captionStart="Figures 18, 19" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 18, 19. Suragina Walker spp. dorsal habitus: S. dimidiatipennis (Brunetti): 18 ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064158); S. falsa Oldroyd: 19 ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160). 18, 19 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures18-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205866">18</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="362667C059880DF6A6820BF73BC12CE3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="F564505B1598C6EAD4FDDDB4FC22F541" authority="(Brunetti)" baseAuthorityName="Brunetti" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatipennis">
<emphasis id="6D6E0AD762BCFF313E7D4402DEAF004F" bold="true">
<emphasis id="439F64232364D405067DB980EF31EC73" bold="true" italics="true">S. dimidiatipennis</emphasis>
(Brunetti)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table-wrap>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>