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<document id="7C408BA7AAE7198E6174FF23CD4E2E18" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217065" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1722603420905" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Karstedt, Fernanda, Bergemann, Sarah E., Gates, Genevieve, Ratkowsky, David, Cunha, Kelmer Martins &amp; Capelari, Marina" docDate="2024" docId="19575B6276330C48FF4A8D3BBC05A67A" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.654.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 654 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Entoloma dragorufescens Karstedt &amp; Capelari, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="E56E231A76100C6FFFC28B04BF42A566" masterDocTitle="Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1724975768610" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="0E45EE6DCAF8DC56504215B9EB265445">Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B699381B06F929BED08CF89B7A91C89A">Karstedt, Fernanda</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="97B9944DDE89E1C7665576892DF62C48">Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045 - 902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="702359AA1E313D7F03F72D35234B9984">Bergemann, Sarah E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="76B626DB16BC16D3B38357A2D16F460F">Middle Tennessee State University, Biology Department, PO Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="3E4C445086B3C40B396637A710914A4F">Gates, Genevieve</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="346DC1936E7066B7B2AD4D27CF6A3082">9 Winmarleigh Ave, Taroona, Tasmania, 7053, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D41994BACD944D1EC2B9FE2FCDAEB7DD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DD7322415D04A69768B443358FEDDA7F">Ratkowsky, David</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A76511AF30C61E45340A655C448BCFB5">Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="484B0E531A2191CEC5933E8ADAF8B069">
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<mods:namePart id="3FAB8880DE08BDA40C21E3A5E4DF10C5">Cunha, Kelmer Martins</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FCDF43C9DF9F7D52A5043D1EDE35309A" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2140-9916</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8E5B63D536044714DFAFAB9C203C8E42">MIND. Funga / MICOLAB, Botany Department, Santa Catarina Federal University, 88040 - 900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. * Correspondence to: fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2140 - 9916 sarah. bergemann @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7875 - 2040 ggggates @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9561 - 7788 d. ratkowsky @ utas. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7514 - 3570 kelmermartinscunha @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0545 - 5966 mcapelariibot @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0001 - 0737 - 3681</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8A395BC9118C0D1FB832BE6E7F9E4A27" type="email">fernanda.karstedt@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6C59CF008FD5A40DDD14C9C132400345">Capelari, Marina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0A1DDDAA8E11AECE70BC232759BB7301">Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045 - 902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="2119D5080082B3DECAFD846FD340E456">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B6DA44B457C157D7E41556E480575151">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D694EC3A9F1B26E6FCDF5B68AB123A72">2024-06-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="38ABE14A26B6B3E0B464514704DB78D2">654</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="1DB84DDACDD641B0F617A613686AF6E1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6E12E3C1373CC6A383D05B632A40636E" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F396D3254430EA7201052DF34D5AB909" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="19575B6276330C48FF4A8D3BBC05A67A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B6276330C48FF4A8D3BBC05A67A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/19575B6276330C48FF4A8D3BBC05A67A" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76330C4CFF4A8D3BBDBFA33E" box="[136,765,1598,1625]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476330C4CFF4A8D3BBDBFA33E" blockId="35.[136,765,1598,1697]" box="[136,765,1598,1625]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="CA095D1876330C4CFF4A8D3BBDBFA33E" box="[136,765,1598,1625]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776330C4CFF4A8D3BBDDEA33E" authority="Karstedt &amp; Capelari" authorityName="Karstedt &amp; Capelari" box="[136,668,1598,1625]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragorufescens" status="sp. nov.">E ntoloma dragorufescens Karstedt &amp; Capelari</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8B98B1D76330C4CFD658D3BBDBFA33E" box="[679,765,1598,1624]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A38A366676330C4CFD658D3BBDB4A33E" box="[679,758,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76330C4CFF4A8D66BE4DA3C7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476330C4CFF4A8D66BEC6A31A" blockId="35.[136,765,1598,1697]" box="[136,388,1634,1660]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176330C4CFF4A8D66BFA6A31A" box="[136,228,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="36.[136,229,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[246,1373,202,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-22@36.[209,1377,189,1927]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 14. Entoloma dragorufescens: a–b. basidiospores: a. FK2102; b. FK2111; c. basidia (FK2102); d. cheilocystidia (FK2102); e. pileipellis (FK2102); f. caulocystidia. Scales: a–d, f: 10 µm, e: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217093/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176330C4CFF328D66BE76A31A" box="[240,308,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="41.[136,229,1598,1620]" captionTargetBox="[277,1305,198,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-18@41.[268,1316,189,1569]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 17. Microphotography of basidiospores in electron microscopy: a–c. E. dragoluteum (FK2120); d–f. Entoloma dragorufescens (FK2102); g–j. E. fraternum (B3074); k–m. E. gatesianum (ACM499). Scale: 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217099/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">17d–f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176330C4CFE828D66BEC6A31A" box="[320,388,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="68.[136,229,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[296,1292,256,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-22@68.[287,1301,247,1602]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 37. Basidiomas: a. Entoloma caribaeum (FK1790); b–c. E. dragorufescens: b. FK2102; c. FK2116; d–e. E. dragoluteum (FK2131); f–g. E. lycopersicum: f. TBGAG151; g. TBGAG590. Photos: a–e: F. Karstedt; f–g: R. Maziero. Scale: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217139/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">37b–c</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476330C4CFF4A8D83BE4DA3C7" blockId="35.[136,765,1598,1697]" box="[136,271,1670,1697]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">MB 838599</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76330C4CFF4A8DD6BE65A26A" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476330C4CFF4A8DD6BE65A26A" blockId="35.[136,1452,1746,2020]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Etymology:—
<emphasis id="A38A366676330C4CFED38DD6BE12A381" box="[273,336,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Drago</emphasis>
refers to the spores being like those of
<emphasis id="A38A366676330C4CFD3B8DD6BCFBA381" box="[761,953,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776330C4CFD3B8DD6BCF7A381" box="[761,949,1746,1767]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragonosporum">E. dragonosporum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="A38A366676330C4CFC308DD6BB0FA381" box="[1010,1101,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">rufescens</emphasis>
refers to the reddish color of the basidiome.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76330C4CFF4A8C1EBD3DA2FA" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476330C4CFF4A8C1EBD3DA2FA" blockId="35.[136,1452,1746,2020]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Diagnosis:—
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776330C4CFEC58C1EBEBFA249" box="[263,509,1818,1839]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragorufescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676330C4CFEC58C1EBEBFA249" box="[263,509,1818,1839]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Entoloma dragorufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the combination of a red-brown basidioma with a conical, strongly translucent-striate pileus often with a well-developed pointed umbo, pale lamellae relative to the pileus, cuboidal basidiospores with elongated angles that sometimes resemble a star, in addition to cylindrical and clavate cheilocystidia and a pileipellis as a cutis of prostrate, entangled hyphae in transition to a trichoderm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76330C4CFF4A8CAEBDECA285" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476330C4CFF4A8CAEBDECA285" blockId="35.[136,1452,1746,2020]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976330C4CFF4A8CAEBDE8A285" collectingDate="2012-12-10" collectionCode="FLOR" collectorName="F. Karstedt" country="Brazil" county="Type" location="Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve" municipality="Itapoa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty id="782092F876330C4CFF4A8CAEBFF8A2D9" box="[136,186,1962,1983]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Type</collectingCounty>
:—
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE476330C4CFF148CAEBE72A2D9" box="[214,304,1962,1983]" name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="533A249676330C4CFEF98CAEBE8FA2A6" box="[315,461,1962,1984]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
: São Paulo,
<collectingMunicipality id="7125700E76330C4CFD8A8CAEBDC4A2D9" box="[584,646,1962,1983]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Itapoá</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9421BCAF76330C4CFD538CAEBB12A2D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B6276330C48FF4A8D3BBC05A67A:9421BCAF76330C4CFD538CAEBB12A2D9" box="[657,1104,1962,1984]" country="Brazil" county="Type" municipality="Itapoa" name="Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve</location>
,
<location id="9421BCAF76330C4CFB998CAEBA5FA2A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B6276330C48FF4A8D3BBC05A67A:9421BCAF76330C4CFB998CAEBA5FA2A6" box="[1115,1309,1962,1984]" country="Brazil" county="Type" municipality="Itapoa" name="Casa de Vidro Trail" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Casa de Vidro Trail</location>
,
<date id="E540CCB476330C4CFAEB8CAEBFADA285" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2012-12-10">
<collectingDate id="F504355C76330C4CFAEB8CAEBFADA285" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2012-12-10">10 December 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A38A366676330C4CFF3B8CCABEACA285" box="[249,494,1998,2019]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<collectorName id="3C0B8FA276330C4CFF3B8CCABE26A285" box="[249,356,1998,2019]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">F. Karstedt</collectorName>
et al. FK2102
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="4E4554D676330C4CFE398CCABD1AA282" box="[507,600,1998,2020]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="F7EF72B176330C4CFDA08CCABDE6A285" box="[610,676,1998,2019]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" name="Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="Herbarium">FLOR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C581BAFC76340C4BFF4A8CA7BC69A2BB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217093" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217093/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[136,229,1955,1977]" targetBox="[246,1373,202,1914]" targetPageId="36" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476340C4BFF4A8CA7BC69A2BB" blockId="36.[136,1451,1955,2014]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFF4A8CA7BE48A2DF" bold="true" box="[136,266,1955,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776340C4BFED28CA0BD4AA2DF" box="[272,520,1956,1977]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragorufescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFED28CA0BD4AA2DF" box="[272,520,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Entoloma dragorufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFDD78CA0BD78A2DF" bold="true" box="[533,570,1956,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">a–b</emphasis>
. basidiospores:
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFD148CA0BDA0A2DF" bold="true" box="[726,738,1956,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">a</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFD2D8CA0BC7FA2DF" box="[751,829,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FK2102</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFC898CA0BC1AA2DF" bold="true" box="[843,856,1956,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">b</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFCA68CA0BCF2A2DF" box="[868,944,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FK2111</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFC7E8CA0BC85A2DF" bold="true" box="[956,967,1956,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">c</emphasis>
. basidia (
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFBE48CA0BB36A2DF" box="[1062,1140,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FK2102</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFB488CA0BBD5A2DF" bold="true" box="[1162,1175,1956,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">d</emphasis>
. cheilocystidia (
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFAF58CA0BAC7A2DF" box="[1335,1413,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FK2102</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFA598CA0BAE4A2DF" bold="true" box="[1435,1446,1956,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">e</emphasis>
. pileipellis (
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFF378CCCBE01A2BB" box="[245,323,1992,2013]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FK2102</emphasis>
);
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776340C4BFE9A8CC3BEACA2B8" box="[344,494,1991,2014]" form="caulocystidia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="form">
<emphasis id="A38A366676340C4BFE9A8CC3BE22A2BB" bold="true" box="[344,352,1991,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">f</emphasis>
. caulocystidia
</taxonomicName>
. Scales: a–d, f: 10 µm, e: 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76350C4AFF4A8B9ABD5DA15A" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476350C4AFF4A8B9ABBDDA4D2" blockId="37.[136,1452,158,1517]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Description:—
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFEEC8B9ABE36A5DE" box="[302,372,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pileus</emphasis>
<quantity id="5606479176350C4AFEBB8B9ABEA0A5DF" box="[377,482,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="5.0">5–16 mm</quantity>
diam.,
<quantity id="5606479176350C4AFDF08B9ABDD9A5DF" box="[562,667,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="6.0">6–18 mm</quantity>
tall, conical with conical apex or with an elongated pronounced papilla, brownish red, burgundy, margin often paler, strongly translucent-striate, hygrophanous, surface glabrous or slightly adpressed-fibrillose, margin of pileus smooth, becoming dentate with age; concolorous with the pileus, translucent.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFF4A8A0EBE65A442" box="[136,295,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pileus context</emphasis>
thin.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFEAB8A0EBE93A442" box="[361,465,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Lamellae</emphasis>
adnexed, adnexed-sinuate or sinuate, faces smooth, narrow (&lt;
<quantity id="5606479176350C4AFB578A0EBBAEA443" box="[1173,1260,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
deep) to slightly ventricose, pale red-brown, tending to pinkish, close with three tiers of lamellulae, margins entire or irregular and slightly paler than the faces.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFE078A57BEBFA40B" box="[453,509,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stipe</emphasis>
30–75 ×
<quantity id="5606479176350C4AFDA48A56BD86A40B" box="[614,708,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
, cylindrical or attenuated upwards, centrally attached, light brown-red, light orange-red or dark orange, glabrous, slightly adpressed-fibrillose, hollow, with white basal tomentum.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFAB18A73BF9BA4D2" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stipe context</emphasis>
red-brown, translucent.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFE298A9EBD64A4D2" box="[491,550,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Odor</emphasis>
indistinct.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFD668A9FBD9CA4D2" box="[676,734,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Taste</emphasis>
not observed.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFC418A9FBB42A4D2" box="[899,1024,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Spore print</emphasis>
not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476350C4AFF7F8ABABD5DA15A" blockId="37.[136,1452,158,1517]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFF7F8ABABE19A4BE" box="[189,347,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Basidiospores</emphasis>
cuboidal with elongated angles, sometimes resembling a star with 4–6 projections, 4-angled in profile, excluding the projections, 6.2–7.5(–8.7) × 7.5–8.7 µm [xm = 7.39 (± 0.34) × 7.79 (± 0.47) µm, Q = 1–1.2, Qm = 1.05 (± 0.08), n = 50/4], including the projections, 8–10.5(–12.5) × (8–)8.7–11.2(–12.5) µm [xm = 9.25 (± 0.84) × 9.93 (± 0.86) µm, Q = 1–1.28, Qm = 1.07 (± 0.07), n = 50/4] and diagonally 10–12.5(–14) × 11–13.7(–15) µm [xm = 11.77 (± 0.7) × 12.14 (± 0.82) µm, Q = 1–1.12, Qm = 1.03 (0.04), n = 50/4], thin-walled.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFBA4894ABBFEA70E" box="[1126,1212,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Basidia</emphasis>
clavate, 34–51 × 10– 15 µm (n = 31/4), hyaline, thin-walled, 4-sterigmate.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFD148976BC3AA7EA" box="[726,888,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
of the ‘serrulatum-type’ abundant, along the entire lamellar margin, cylindro-clavate, clavate or clavate-tortuose, 40–70 × 8.7–15 µm (n = 37/4), hyaline, thin-walled.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFF4A89BEBE68A7B2" box="[136,298,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFEA589BEBD4FA7B2" box="[359,525,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">pseudocystidia</emphasis>
absent.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFDB289BEBC66A7B2" box="[624,804,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Lamellar trama</emphasis>
composed of parallel, cylindrical or sometimes inflated hyphae, 3.7–20(–30) µm diam. (n = 71/4), hyaline, thin-walled; sub-hymenium branched.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFB5A89DABA52A79E" box="[1176,1296,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pileitrama</emphasis>
composed of radially arranged hyphae, 5–21(–25) µm diam. (n = 60/4), cylindrical, broadly cylindrical or irregular, hyaline or, sometimes, with a little straw yellow intracellular pigment, thin-walled.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFC008822BB76A626" box="[962,1076,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pileipellis</emphasis>
a cutis of slightly entangled and prostrate cylindrical hyphae, in transition to a trichoderm, 5–10(–13.7) µm diam. (n = 57/4), hyaline or with a little straw yellow intracellular pigment, sometimes with straw yellow incrusted pigment, thin-walled; terminal hyphae undifferentiated, cylindrical, broadly cylindrical, cylindro-clavate, apex rounded or sometimes fusoid, 47–131 × 6.2–13.7 µm (n = 30/4).
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFE6088B2BD60A6B6" box="[418,546,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
a cutis, hyphae cylindrical, 3.7–12.5 µm diam. (n = 30/2), hyaline, thin-walled.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFF4A88DEBE66A692" box="[136,292,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Caulocystidia</emphasis>
cylindro-clavate or clavate, 40–77 × 3.7–12.5 µm (n = 6/2), hyaline or with a little straw yellow incrusted pigment, walls thin or slightly thickened.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFDA688FABC7FA17E" box="[612,829,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Clamp connections</emphasis>
present in all tissues.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFBFE88FABA4BA17E" box="[1084,1289,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Refractive hyphae</emphasis>
present in the trama of the lamellae and the pileus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76350C4AFF7F8F42BA5DA106" box="[189,1311,1094,1121]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476350C4AFF7F8F42BA5DA106" blockId="37.[136,1452,158,1517]" box="[189,1311,1094,1121]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Habitat:—Gregarious or scattered, in litter with sand, in restinga forest of the Atlantic Forest biome.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76350C4AFF7F8F6EBFADA1CE" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476350C4AFF7F8F6EBFADA1CE" blockId="37.[136,1452,158,1517]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Distribution:—
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776350C4AFEAB8F6EBDCBA1E2" box="[361,649,1130,1156]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragorufescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFEAB8F6EBDCBA1E2" box="[361,649,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Entoloma dragorufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described from material to date only collected from the coast of
<collectingRegion id="533A249676350C4AFAAF8F6EBFA9A1CE" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76350C4AFF7F8FB6BA7EA196" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476350C4AFF7F8FB6BA7EA196" blockId="37.[136,1452,158,1517]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Additional material examined:—
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976350C4AFDF28FB6BCE0A196" collectingDate="2012-12-11" collectionCode="FLOR" collectorName="F. Karstedt" country="Brazil" county="Itapoa" location="Sambaqui Trail" municipality="Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE476350C4AFDF28FB6BDDAA1AA" box="[560,664,1202,1228]" name="Brazil" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="533A249676350C4AFD618FB6BC09A1AA" box="[675,843,1202,1228]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="782092F876350C4AFC948FB6BCDDA1AA" box="[854,927,1202,1228]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Itapoá</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7125700E76350C4AFC6B8FB6BAE5A1AB" box="[937,1447,1202,1229]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9421BCAF76350C4AFF4A8FD2BE75A196" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B6276330C48FF4A8D3BBC05A67A:9421BCAF76350C4AFF4A8FD2BE75A196" box="[136,311,1238,1264]" country="Brazil" county="Itapoa" municipality="Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve" name="Sambaqui Trail" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Sambaqui Trail</location>
,
<date id="E540CCB476350C4AFE808FD2BD5BA196" box="[322,537,1238,1264]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2012-12-11">
<collectingDate id="F504355C76350C4AFE808FD2BD5BA196" box="[322,537,1238,1264]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2012-12-11">11 December 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFDE68FD3BC7FA196" box="[548,829,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectorName id="3C0B8FA276350C4AFDE68FD3BDDDA196" box="[548,671,1238,1264]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">F. Karstedt</collectorName>
et al. FK2111
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="F7EF72B176350C4AFC8E8FD2BCD8A196" box="[844,922,1238,1264]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" name="Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">FLOR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976350C4AFC608FD2BA7AA196" box="[930,1336,1238,1264]" collectionCode="FLOR" country="Brazil" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FK2116, FK2128" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">
;
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFC6C8FD2BB4AA196" box="[942,1032,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<specimenCode id="C158420F76350C4AFC6C8FD2BB4AA196" box="[942,1032,1238,1264]" collectionCode="FLOR" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" name="Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">FK2116</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="F7EF72B176350C4AFBD48FD2BB26A196" box="[1046,1124,1238,1264]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" name="Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">FLOR</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFBB58FD2BB91A196" box="[1143,1235,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<specimenCode id="C158420F76350C4AFBB58FD2BB91A196" box="[1143,1235,1238,1264]" collectionCode="FLOR" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" name="Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">FK2128</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="F7EF72B176350C4AFB208FD2BA72A196" box="[1250,1328,1238,1264]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" name="Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">FLOR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76350C4AFF7F8FFEBBCFA08B" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476350C4AFF7F8FFEBB10A0E6" blockId="37.[136,1452,158,1517]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Comments:—
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776350C4AFE998FFEBD3CA072" box="[347,638,1274,1300]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragorufescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFE998FFEBD3CA072" box="[347,638,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Entoloma dragorufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776350C4AFC588FFFBE10A05E" authority="(Romagn. &amp; Gilles) Noordel. &amp; Co-David (2009: 173)" authorityName="Noordel. &amp; Co-David" authorityPageNumber="173" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Romagn. &amp; Gilles" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rufum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFC588FFFBCBCA072" box="[922,1022,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E. rufum</emphasis>
(Romagn. &amp; Gilles) Noordel. &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="F56F978576350C4AFA438FFEBE10A05E" author="Co-David" firstAuthor="Co-David" page="173" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="147 - 176" refId="ref38756" refString="Co-David, D., Langeveld, D. &amp; Noordeloos, M. E. (2009) Molecular phylogeny and spore evolution of Entolomataceae. Persoonia 23: 147 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 003158509 X 480944" type="journal article" year="2009">Co-David (2009:173)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, an African species that also has a reddish brown pileus and cuboidal basidiospores with elongated angles. However,
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776350C4AFE928E47BEF3A03A" authorityName="Noordel. &amp; Co-David" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Romagn. &amp; Gilles" box="[336,433,1346,1372]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rufum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFE928E47BEF3A03A" box="[336,433,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E. rufum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has basidiospores that are larger, 12–17 × 10–14 µm, cheilocystidia that are cylindrical and the hyphae of the pileipellis contain red vacuolar pigment (Romagnesi &amp; Gilles 1979).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476350C4AFF7F8E8EBBCFA08B" blockId="37.[136,1452,158,1517]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776350C4AFF7F8E8EBEA2A0C2" box="[189,480,1418,1444]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragorufescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFF7F8E8EBEA2A0C2" box="[189,480,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Entoloma dragorufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is phylogenetically related to
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776350C4AFCF88E8FBCA8A0C2" box="[826,1002,1418,1444]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragoluteum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFCF88E8FBCA8A0C2" box="[826,1002,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E. dragoluteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176350C4AFC398E8EBB02A0C2" box="[1019,1088,1418,1444]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[384,1197,188,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[384,1204,186,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the species of Entolomataceae with cuboid basidiospores and related species based on the combined genes (nLSU, mtSSU, rpb2 and tef1). Bootstrap values (&gt; 70%) from the maximum likelihood analysis are indicated above the branches. The species studied here are shown in boldface. AU: Australia, AT: Austria, BZ: Belize, BR: Brazil, CN: China, GY: Guyana, IN: India, MY: Malaysia, NZ: New Zealand, PG: Papua New Guinea, PR: Puerto Rico, RE: La Reunion, UK: Russia, SC: Seychelles, US: United States, VN: Vietnam. Dashed vertical line: have similarity in the morphology but no molecular support." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217071/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), but differs macroscopically in the color of the basidiome, which in the former species tends to brownish red and in the latter yellow or ochre, and in the cuspidate papilla in
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776350C4AFE508ED7BD1CA08A" box="[402,606,1490,1516]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragorufescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFE508ED7BD1CA08A" box="[402,606,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E. dragorufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus the well-elongated one of
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776350C4AFC1A8ED7BBC4A08A" box="[984,1158,1490,1516]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragoluteum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFC1A8ED7BBC4A08A" box="[984,1158,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E. dragoluteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76350C4AFF4A8D1EBE72A31A" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476350C4AFF4A8D1EBF92A33E" blockId="37.[136,1452,1562,1661]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitation id="105FCC6576350C4AFF4A8D1EBC2EA353" author="Blanco-Dios" box="[136,876,1562,1589]" journal="Tarrelos" page="34" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="17" year="2015">
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776350C4AFF4A8D1EBD97A352" ID-CoL="39ZLT" authority="(Singer) Blanco-Dios, Tarrelos" authorityName="Blanco-Dios, Tarrelos" baseAuthorityName="Singer" box="[136,725,1562,1589]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fraternum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFF4A8D1EBE34A352" bold="true" box="[136,374,1562,1589]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Entoloma fraternum</emphasis>
(Singer) Blanco-Dios, Tarrelos
</taxonomicName>
17: 34. 2015
</treatmentCitation>
. [≡
<treatmentCitation id="105FCC6576350C4AFC578D1EBF87A33E" author="Singer" journal="Sydowia" page="97" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="7" year="1973">
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776350C4AFC578D1EBA24A352" ID-CoL="6X6JK" authority="Singer, Sydowia" authorityName="Singer, Sydowia" box="[917,1382,1562,1589]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Rhodophyllus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fraternus">
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFC578D1EBBE5A352" bold="true" box="[917,1191,1562,1589]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Rhodophyllus fraternus</emphasis>
Singer, Sydowia
</taxonomicName>
7: 97. 1973
</treatmentCitation>
.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476350C4AFF4A8D66BE72A31A" blockId="37.[136,1452,1562,1661]" box="[136,304,1634,1661]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176350C4AFF4A8D66BFA6A31B" box="[136,228,1634,1661]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="38.[136,229,1595,1617]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,406,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-112@38.[150,1435,389,1568]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 15. Entoloma fraternum (Singer B3074): a. basidiospores; b. basidia; c. cheilocystidia; d. pileipellis. Scales: a–c: 10 µm, d: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217095/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176350C4AFF328D66BE72A31A" box="[240,304,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="41.[136,229,1598,1620]" captionTargetBox="[277,1305,198,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-18@41.[268,1316,189,1569]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 17. Microphotography of basidiospores in electron microscopy: a–c. E. dragoluteum (FK2120); d–f. Entoloma dragorufescens (FK2102); g–j. E. fraternum (B3074); k–m. E. gatesianum (ACM499). Scale: 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217099/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<quantity id="5606479176350C4AFF328D66BE5AA31A" box="[240,280,1634,1660]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.7" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="g" value="17.0">17g</quantity>
–j
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76350C49FF4A8DAEBCFBA384" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476350C4AFF4A8DAEBD25A26A" blockId="37.[136,1452,1706,2093]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Description:—
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFEEC8DAEBE36A3A2" box="[302,372,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pileus</emphasis>
(11–)
<quantity id="5606479176350C4AFE7B8DAEBD49A3A3" box="[441,523,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
diam., convex with involute margin, dark grey, translucent-striate, glabrous, dry.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFF4A8DCABE67A38E" box="[136,293,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pileus context</emphasis>
odorless.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFE578DCABEBFA38E" box="[405,509,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Lamellae</emphasis>
adnate to sinuate, distant, ventricose, grey.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFC1D8DCBBB55A38F" box="[991,1047,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stipe</emphasis>
(24–)40 × 1.5 (at the apex)–4 (at the base) mm, apex attenuated, grey, glabrous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476350C49FF7F8C12BD40A40A" blockId="37.[136,1452,1706,2093]" lastBlockId="38.[136,1451,158,364]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFF7F8C12BE19A256" box="[189,347,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Basidiospores</emphasis>
cuboidal with no angles or slightly elongated angles, 4-angled in profile, rarely 3-angled, excluding the projections 7.5–8.7 × 7.5–10 µm [xm = 8.17 (± 0.52) × 8.64 (± 0.75) µm, Q = 1–1.16, Qm = 1.05 (± 0.09), n = 20], including the projections 8.7–10 × 8.7–10 µm [xm = 8.87 (± 0.59) × 9.49 (± 0.59) µm, Q = 1–1.33, Qm = 1.07 (± 0.086), n = 20], and diagonally, 10–12 × 10–12.5 µm [xm = 11.11 (± 0.52) × 11.66 (± 0.68) µm, Q = 1–1.12, Qm = 1.05 (± 0.065), n = 20] thin-walled.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFDE38CA2BD35A2A6" box="[545,631,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Basidia</emphasis>
clavate, 37–50 × 10–16 µm (n = 20), hyaline, thin-walled, 4-sterigmate.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFF4A8CCEBE68A282" box="[136,298,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
not observed, margin of lamella collapsed.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFCD88CCEBCFEA282" box="[794,956,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFC378CCEBBD9A282" box="[1013,1179,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">pseudocystidia</emphasis>
absent.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFB388CCEBAE9A282" box="[1274,1451,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Lamellar trama</emphasis>
composed of parallel, cylindrical or sometimes inflated hyphae, 2.5–17 µm diam. (n = 20), hyaline, thin-walled, septate (distance between septa&gt;200 µm), sub-hymenium branched.
<emphasis id="A38A366676350C4AFCED8316BCE5AD4A" box="[815,935,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pileitrama</emphasis>
composed of radially arranged hyphae, 6.2–19 µm diam. (n = 10), cylindrical, broadly cylindrical or irregular, hyaline, thin-walled, septa distant.
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FB0C8B9ABA02A5DE" box="[1230,1344,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pileipellis</emphasis>
a cutis of prostrate, cylindrical hyphae, 2.5–11 µm diam. (n = 160/14), hyaline or with straw yellow intracellular pigment, thin-walled, septa distant.
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FEBF8BE2BEAFA466" box="[381,493,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Stipipellis</emphasis>
a cutis of cylindrical hyphae, 5–10 µm diam. (n = 20), hyaline or with straw yellow intracellular pigment, thin-walled, septa distant.
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FD798A0EBC15A442" box="[699,855,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Caulocystidia</emphasis>
dispersed, cylindrical or cylindro-clavate, 43–70 × 6.2–10 µm (n = 6), hyaline or with straw yellow intracellular pigment, thin-walled.
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FBFB8A2ABA50A42E" box="[1081,1298,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Clamp connections</emphasis>
present in all tissues.
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FF238A56BEEEA40A" box="[225,428,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Refractive hyphae</emphasis>
absent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C581BAFC76360C49FF4A8D3FBFEDA313" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217095" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217095/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[136,229,1595,1617]" targetBox="[157,1428,406,1561]" targetPageId="38" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476360C49FF4A8D3FBFEDA313" blockId="38.[136,1451,1595,1653]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FF4A8D3FBE4BA337" bold="true" box="[136,265,1595,1617]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776360C49FED28D38BE91A337" box="[272,467,1596,1617]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fraternum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FED28D38BE91A337" box="[272,467,1596,1617]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Entoloma fraternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FE238D38BD26A337" box="[481,612,1596,1617]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Singer B3074</emphasis>
):
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FDBB8D38BDC7A337" bold="true" box="[633,645,1596,1617]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">a</emphasis>
. basidiospores;
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FCE38D38BC6CA337" bold="true" box="[801,814,1596,1617]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">b</emphasis>
. basidia;
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FC498D38BCD4A337" bold="true" box="[907,918,1596,1617]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">c</emphasis>
. cheilocystidia;
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FBF68D38BB03A337" bold="true" box="[1076,1089,1596,1617]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">d</emphasis>
. pileipellis. Scales: a–c: 10 µm, d: 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476360C49FF7F8DA0BD8BA3D8" blockId="38.[136,1452,1700,2086]" box="[189,713,1700,1727]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Habitat:—In soil, in the Atlantic Forest biome.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476360C49FF7F8DCCBCFBA384" blockId="38.[136,1452,1700,2086]" box="[189,953,1736,1762]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Distribution:—To date collected only in
<collectingRegion id="533A249676360C49FD468DCCBC52A384" box="[644,784,1736,1762]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(Singer 1973).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76360C48FF7F8DE8BC05A67A" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476360C49FF7F8DE8BEF0A24C" blockId="38.[136,1452,1700,2086]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976360C49FF7F8DE8BA15A260" box="[189,1367,1772,1799]" collectingDate="1960-07-05" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" location="Two Brothers State Park" municipality="Recife" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco">
<typeStatus id="4E4554D676360C49FF7F8DE8BD4DA260" box="[189,527,1772,1798]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Additional material examined</typeStatus>
:—
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE476360C49FDF28DE8BDDAA260" box="[560,664,1772,1798]" name="Brazil" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="533A249676360C49FD608DE8BC71A260" box="[674,819,1772,1798]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="7125700E76360C49FCFF8DE8BCCBA260" box="[829,905,1772,1798]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Recife</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9421BCAF76360C49FC518DE9BBEAA260" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B6276330C48FF4A8D3BBC05A67A:9421BCAF76360C49FC518DE9BBEAA260" box="[915,1192,1772,1799]" country="Brazil" municipality="Recife" name="Two Brothers State Park" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Pernambuco">Two Brothers State Park</location>
,
<date id="E540CCB476360C49FB718DE8BA7AA260" box="[1203,1336,1772,1799]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1960-07-05">
<collectingDate id="F504355C76360C49FB718DE8BA7AA260" box="[1203,1336,1772,1799]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1960-07-05">5 July 1960</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="F7EF72B176360C49FA818DE9BA15A260" box="[1347,1367,1773,1798]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FA818DE9BA15A260" box="[1347,1367,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">R</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FA9A8DE9BA1EA260" box="[1368,1372,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976360C49FAA08DE8BEECA24C" collectionCode="BAFC" collectorName="Singer B" country="Brazil" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco">
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FAA08DE8BF93A24C" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="3C0B8FA276360C49FAA08DE8BFDBA24C" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Singer B</collectorName>
3074
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="4E4554D676360C49FF228C14BE0FA24C" box="[224,333,1808,1834]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="F7EF72B176360C49FE9A8C14BEE4A24C" box="[344,422,1808,1834]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13076" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13076" name="Universidad de Buenos Aires" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Herbarium">BAFC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476360C49FF7F8C30BE68AD40" blockId="38.[136,1452,1700,2086]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Comments:—The macroscopic description presented here is based on the protologue of the species (Singer 1973) plus observations made on the
<typeStatus id="4E4554D676360C49FE2A8C5CBD0CA214" box="[488,590,1880,1906]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776360C49FD4E8C5CBC33A214" box="[652,881,1880,1906]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fraternum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676360C49FD4E8C5CBC33A214" box="[652,881,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Entoloma fraternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="4E4554D676360C49FCBB8C5CBC99A214" box="[889,987,1880,1906]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
collection is a complete basidiome, with stipe, pileus and lamellae. The basidiome is intact and there is no indication that the collection was sectioned for microscopic analyses. The pileus has a diameter of
<quantity id="5606479176360C49FD7F8CA4BC4EA2DD" box="[701,780,1952,1979]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
, the lamellae are adnate to sinuate and the apparently fibrous stipe is
<quantity id="5606479176360C49FF1C8CC0BE6CA2B9" box="[222,302,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
long. Singer (1973) described the pileus as having a diameter of
<quantity id="5606479176360C49FBCE8CC0BB19A2B9" box="[1036,1115,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
and the stipe as being
<quantity id="5606479176360C49FA9E8CC0BAEEA2B9" box="[1372,1452,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
long. However, the microscopic characteristics observed in this material are in accordance with those described by Singer (1973).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476370C48FF7F8B9ABC21A4F6" blockId="39.[136,1452,158,797]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Horak (1976a) synonymized
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776370C48FDC18B9ABDA4A5DE" box="[515,742,158,184]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fraternum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676370C48FDC18B9ABDA4A5DE" box="[515,742,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Entoloma fraternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776370C48FCE78B9BBB17A5DE" authority="Hesler (1967: 24)" authorityName="Hesler" authorityPageNumber="24" authorityYear="1967" box="[805,1109,158,184]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="spadix">
<emphasis id="A38A366676370C48FCE78B9BBCCFA5DE" box="[805,909,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E. spadix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F56F978576370C48FC518B9ABB17A5DE" author="Hesler" box="[915,1109,158,184]" firstAuthor="Hesler" page="24" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref39100" refString="Hesler, L. R. (1967) Entoloma in Southeastern North America. Beih Nova Hedwigia 23: 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1967">Hesler (1967:24)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the species differ in that the latter has a fibrillose-squamulose brown pileus, 2- or 4-sterigmate basidia, a pileipellis in transition between a cutis and a trichoderm, with inflated or clavate terminal elements filled with brown intracellular pigment, in addition to having abundant refractive hyphae and also hyphae with brilliant granules, according to Noordeloos (1988). Another characteristic that differs is that
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776370C48FD958A2BBDA5A42E" box="[599,743,302,328]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fraternum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676370C48FD958A2BBDA5A42E" box="[599,743,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E. fraternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described originally as having a translucent-striate pileus, suggesting that it is hygrophanous, while
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776370C48FD988A57BD80A40A" authorityName="Hesler" authorityYear="1967" box="[602,706,338,364]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="spadix">
<emphasis id="A38A366676370C48FD988A57BD80A40A" box="[602,706,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E. spadix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described as non-hygrophanous. Due to these differences, the synonymization proposed by Horak (1976a) is not accepted here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476370C48FF7F8A9EBE65A722" blockId="39.[136,1452,158,797]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
The morphological characterization of
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776370C48FDA58A9EBC0AA4D2" box="[615,840,410,436]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fraternum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676370C48FDA58A9EBC0AA4D2" box="[615,840,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Entoloma fraternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overlaps with other species with cuboidal basidiospores without elongated angles described for
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE476370C48FD888ABABDD0A4BE" box="[586,658,446,472]" name="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. However, it is the only one with a grey basidiome (dark grey pileus, lamellae and grey stipe) and lacking cheilocystidia. Among the species with cuboidal basidiospores described in the world,
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776370C48FF1B8903BED2A746" box="[217,400,519,544]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="canoconicum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676370C48FF1B8903BED2A746" box="[217,400,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E. canoconicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has a grey basidiome; however, it differs in having a conical pileus and pleurocystidia (Horak 2008).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476370C48FF7F894ABD71A79E" blockId="39.[136,1452,158,797]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776370C48FF7F894ABEE4A70E" box="[189,422,590,616]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fraternum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676370C48FF7F894ABEE4A70E" box="[189,422,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Entoloma fraternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is apparently not a common species, and new collections are necessary to improve its circumscription.
<bibRefCitation id="F56F978576370C48FE858976BEBFA7EA" author="Coimbra" box="[327,509,626,652]" firstAuthor="Coimbra" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref38865" refString="Coimbra, V. R. M. (2010) O genero Entoloma (Fr.) Kumm. (Entolomataceae, Basidiomycota) em quatro areas de Mata Atlantica de Pernambuco. Trabalho de Conclusao de Curso. Ciencias Biologicas, UFRE. 61 pp." type="book" year="2010">Coimbra (2010)</bibRefCitation>
identified a collection as
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776370C48FCE68976BB52A7EA" authorityName="Hesler" authorityYear="1967" box="[804,1040,626,652]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="spadix">
<emphasis id="A38A366676370C48FCE68976BCD3A7EA" box="[804,913,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Entoloma</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="A38A366676370C48FC058976BB52A7EA" box="[967,1040,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">spadix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, considering it synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776370C48FA518977BFBAA7D6" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fraternum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676370C48FA518977BFBAA7D6" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E. fraternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, morphological examination suggests that it is another species, mainly because it is characterized by a pinkish brown pileus and fibrillose pileipellis and under microscopy by clavate to broadly clavate cheilocystidia and the presence of refractive hyphae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476370C48FF7F8806BC05A67A" blockId="39.[136,1452,158,797]" box="[189,839,770,797]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">All attempts to obtain DNA sequences were unsuccessful.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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