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<document id="9A867E0AA7B29492820C8925A36A269F" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217065" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1722603420905" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Karstedt, Fernanda, Bergemann, Sarah E., Gates, Genevieve, Ratkowsky, David, Cunha, Kelmer Martins &amp; Capelari, Marina" docDate="2024" docId="19575B6276290C54FF4A8806BACDA722" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.654.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 654 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Entoloma tenue Blanco-Dios, Tarrelos" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="E56E231A76100C6FFFC28B04BF42A566" masterDocTitle="Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1724975768610" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A89501B6C035176B82112F7E4B7FE68A">
<mods:title id="35CCFA93CA76E69AD3B7A7705E34C0E1">Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5F84208BE6FD6C5856521DBD56ED2672">Karstedt, Fernanda</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="617875EEFF835C2A87C5D9A5515482FC">Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045 - 902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BC30FB69F99DA0CF710068E65D43073E">Bergemann, Sarah E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1FB468C26553F2C707D87A071634D0CF">Middle Tennessee State University, Biology Department, PO Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A16BF35266F593EEC66935A32D1C30C3">Gates, Genevieve</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="64D2FEC9DA1F95BF0B893BB06FFF40EF">9 Winmarleigh Ave, Taroona, Tasmania, 7053, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="72B2005D23C97FBAB61CE3F3BB0BE0DC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="86927A9F98B83F06343DDFFC7202FB8F">Ratkowsky, David</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2F40F653DF64AA6500281B09F2FDAF1A">Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C0B0770795AB12E4C66F2EA938317961">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0AC3E8900C1AAA565DAEED979ED9DEBE">Cunha, Kelmer Martins</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DD6C66ED1254DE5FA8AFFDE138E9A6C5" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2140-9916</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="476AD8DB8EC3E8C7FD202CC2287B70F5">MIND. Funga / MICOLAB, Botany Department, Santa Catarina Federal University, 88040 - 900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. * Correspondence to: fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2140 - 9916 sarah. bergemann @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7875 - 2040 ggggates @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9561 - 7788 d. ratkowsky @ utas. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7514 - 3570 kelmermartinscunha @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0545 - 5966 mcapelariibot @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0001 - 0737 - 3681</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="20A46ECD18CFEAB8A9C827163A689D9C" type="email">fernanda.karstedt@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F512DE89749BC9AAF54127A7E8E2030B">Capelari, Marina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="67B0CC7A85025E65C49FB2A192C10991">Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045 - 902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="25AE30CB82100079B0C91FD7E7831227">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8F880971FEC212F62F6C45E73B9E98E9">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7C4CEA8DAEE4E543501F87468439EEF7">2024-06-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C9C3509C950862E597BB08F9F311DFD8">654</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="20BDE846946459400161E4B2ECACD38E">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3DC9DAB25F9FD93D7DDD5AD7E57E4CBB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="735D86523F5FF68F01BDE0C20A6D2C01" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C33ADA6EB669AF52F72C6F7A2E91BD2C" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A8E318EBA01CAA1C618B28997BA746C0" type="Zenodo-Dep">13217065</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="19575B6276290C54FF4A8806BACDA722" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215052" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B6276290C54FF4A8806BACDA722" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/19575B6276290C54FF4A8806BACDA722" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1EECD5A76290C56FF4A8806BEA9A626" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76290C56FF4A8806BC81A67B" box="[136,963,770,797]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476290C56FF4A8806BC81A67B" blockId="57.[136,1451,770,868]" box="[136,963,770,797]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitation id="105FCC6576290C56FF4A8806BCFDA67B" author="Blanco-Dios" box="[136,959,770,797]" journal="Tarrelos" page="38" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="17" year="2015">
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776290C56FF4A8806BC6FA67A" ID-CoL="6FFK3" authority="(Karstedt &amp; Capelari) Blanco-Dios, Tarrelos" authorityName="Blanco-Dios, Tarrelos" baseAuthorityName="Karstedt &amp; Capelari" box="[136,813,770,797]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tenue">
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FF4A8806BE7DA67B" bold="true" box="[136,319,770,797]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Entoloma tenue</emphasis>
(Karstedt &amp; Capelari) Blanco-Dios, Tarrelos
</taxonomicName>
17: 38. 2015
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76290C56FC058807BEA9A626" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476290C56FC058807BEA9A626" blockId="57.[136,1451,770,868]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
[≡
<treatmentCitation id="105FCC6576290C56FC258806BEA2A626" author="Karstedt &amp; Capelari" journal="Nova Hedwigia" page="297" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" score="202.82472018338322" volume="96" year="2013">
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776290C56FC258806BAEAA67A" ID-CoL="3PQJC" authority="Karstedt &amp; Capelari" authorityName="Karstedt &amp; Capelari" box="[999,1448,770,797]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Inocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FC258806BB80A67A" bold="true" box="[999,1218,770,797]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Inocephalus tenuis</emphasis>
Karstedt &amp; Capelari
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="44D4E21876290C56FF4A8823BEA2A626" box="[136,480,806,833]" journal="Nova Hedwigia" page="297" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" score="202.82472018338322" volume="96" year="2013">Nova Hedwigia 96: 297. 2013</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76290C56FF4A884EBE74A602" box="[136,310,842,868]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476290C56FF4A884EBE74A602" blockId="57.[136,1451,770,868]" box="[136,310,842,868]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176290C56FF4A884EBFA6A602" box="[136,228,842,868]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="58.[136,229,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[262,1322,206,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-22@58.[249,1335,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 28. Entoloma tenue: a–b. basidiospores: a. MC s.n.; b. FK1922; c. basidium (FK1922); d–e. cheilocystidia: d. FK1922; e. MC s.n.; f. pileipellis (FK1922). Scales: a–e: 10 µm, f: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217121/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs. 28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176290C56FF32884EBE74A602" box="[240,310,842,868]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="69.[136,229,1706,1728]" captionTargetBox="[321,1267,328,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-58@69.[312,1276,319,1681]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 38. Basidiomas: a–b. Entoloma cervinum: a. FK0940; b. FK1770; c–e. E. dragonosporum: c. FK2100; d. FK2019; e. FK2095; f. E. mocamboense (FK1899); g–h. E. tenue: g. FK1039; h. FK1922. Photos: a–f, h: F. Karstedt, g: C. Puccinelli. Scale: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217141/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<quantity id="5606479176290C56FF32884EBE5AA602" box="[240,280,842,868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.8" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="g" value="38.0">38g</quantity>
–h
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76290C56FF4A8892BB20A6A9" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476290C56FF4A8892BB20A6A9" blockId="57.[136,1452,918,976]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Diagnosis:—
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776290C56FEC58892BEE2A6CA" box="[263,416,918,940]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tenue">
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FEC58892BEE2A6CA" box="[263,416,918,940]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Entoloma tenue</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by a slender basidiome with a brown umbonate pileus, usually translucent-striate, a long stipe, and large, cuboidal basidiospores with elongated angles that in some views resemble a star.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76290C56FF4A88FABDA9A232" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476290C56FF4A88FABD3CA196" blockId="57.[136,1452,1022,2093]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Description:—
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FEEC88FABE36A17E" box="[302,372,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pileus</emphasis>
<quantity id="5606479176290C56FEB988FABEA7A17F" box="[379,485,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="9.0">9–17 mm</quantity>
diam., conical, conical-campanulate or conical-convex, umbonate, brown, translucent-striate, hygrophanous, glabrous, surface slightly adpressed-fibrillose, margin dentate with age.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FB0C8F26BA2DA15A" box="[1230,1391,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pileus context</emphasis>
thin, white.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FF148F42BE7CA106" box="[214,318,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Lamellae</emphasis>
adnexed, adnexed-sinuate, faces smooth, ventricose (&lt;
<quantity id="5606479176290C56FC738F42BB49A107" box="[945,1035,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
at deepest part), pale brownish grey or greyish, close with three tiers of lamellulae, margin irregular.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FCAE8F6FBCE6A1E3" box="[876,932,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Stipe</emphasis>
64–88 ×
<quantity id="5606479176290C56FBD68F6EBBC8A1E3" box="[1044,1162,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="1.0">1–2.8 mm</quantity>
, cylindrical or attenuated upwards, centrally attached, light brownish grey-white, or with a beige base and brownish apex, glabrous, slightly striate and twisted, with a few adpressed fibrils, hollow, with white basal tomentum.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FB858FB7BB95A1AA" box="[1095,1239,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Stipe context</emphasis>
whitish.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FA828FB6BA39A1AA" box="[1344,1403,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Odor</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FF4A8FD3BFFFA196" box="[136,189,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">taste</emphasis>
not observed.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FEA08FD3BE9DA196" box="[354,479,1239,1265]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Spore print</emphasis>
not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476290C56FF7F8FFEBDA9A232" blockId="57.[136,1452,1022,2093]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FF7F8FFEBE19A072" box="[189,347,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Basidiospores</emphasis>
cuboidal with elongated angles, sometimes resembling a star with 4–7 projections, 4-angled in profile view, excluding the projections 10–13.7 × 10–13.7 µm [xm = 11.9 (± 0.9) × 12.5 (± 0.8) µm, Q = 1–1.22, Qm = 1.05 (± 0.06), n = 40/3], including the projections 12.5–16.2 × 12.5– 17.5 µm [xm = 14.2 (± 1) × 15 (± 1.3) µm, Q = 1–1.18(–1.36), Qm = 1.06 (± 0.08), n = 30/3] and diagonally 16.2–20 × 16.2–21.2 µm [xm = 17.8 (± 1.08) × 18.8 (± 1.11) µm, Q = 1–1.17, Qm = 1.06 (± 0.05), n = 30/2], thin-walled.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FCA58E8EBCFFA0C2" box="[871,957,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Basidia</emphasis>
clavate, broadly clavate, 41–64 × 16–21 µm (n = 60/3), hyaline, thin-walled, 4-sterigmate.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FD568EAABC74A0AE" box="[660,822,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
abundant, along the entire lamellar margin, cylindrical, cylindro-clavate or clavate, 36–131 × 7.5–12.5 µm (n = 60/3), hyaline or with straw yellow intracellular pigment, walls thin or slightly thickened.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FDC78EF2BDE5A376" box="[517,679,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FD248EF2BCCEA376" box="[742,908,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">pseudocystidia</emphasis>
absent.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FC308EF2BBE4A376" box="[1010,1190,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Lamellar trama</emphasis>
composed of parallel, cylindrical or sometimes broadly cylindrical hyphae, 2.5–21 µm diam. (n = 60/3), hyaline, more often with straw yellow, light brownish or brown intracellular pigment, thin-walled, septa more than 200 µm apart; sub-hymenium branched.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FEC38D66BE3BA31A" box="[257,377,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pileitrama</emphasis>
composed of radially arranged hyphae, 7.5–27 µm diam. (n = 60/3), cylindrical or broadly cylindrical, hyaline or with brown intracellular pigment, thin-walled, septa distant.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FB8C8D82BB82A3C6" box="[1102,1216,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pileipellis</emphasis>
a cutis of prostrate, cylindrical hyphae, 3.7–15 µm diam. (n = 58/3), hyaline or more often with brown intracellular pigment, sometimes with dispersed encrusted pigment, thin-walled; terminal hyphae cylindrical or cylindro-clavate.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FB138DCABA13A38E" box="[1233,1361,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
a cutis, hyphae cylindrical, 3.7–8.7(–14) µm diam. (n = 40/2), hyaline or with straw yellow or brownish intracellular pigment, thin-walled, septa distant.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FE6F8C12BD0BA256" box="[429,585,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Caulocystidia</emphasis>
absent.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FD618C12BC38A256" box="[675,890,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Clamp connections</emphasis>
present in all tissues.
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FBAC8C12BA7AA256" box="[1134,1336,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Refractive hyphae</emphasis>
present in the lamellar trama, context, pileipellis and stipitipellis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76290C56FF7F8C5ABB7FA21E" box="[189,1085,1886,1913]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476290C56FF7F8C5ABB7FA21E" blockId="57.[136,1452,1022,2093]" box="[189,1085,1886,1913]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Habitat:—Solitary or gregarious, in soil with litter, in the Atlantic Forest biome.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76290C56FF7F8C86BA35A2FA" box="[189,1399,1922,1949]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476290C56FF7F8C86BA35A2FA" blockId="57.[136,1452,1022,2093]" box="[189,1399,1922,1949]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Distribution:—
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776290C56FEAB8C86BD5BA2FA" box="[361,537,1922,1948]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tenue">
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FEAB8C86BD5BA2FA" box="[361,537,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Entoloma tenue</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from collections made in the
<typeStatus id="4E4554D676290C56FBCF8C87BB7FA2FB" box="[1037,1085,1923,1949]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
location,
<collectingRegion id="533A249676290C56FB6F8C86BA63A2FA" box="[1197,1313,1922,1948]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE476290C56FAE98C86BA31A2FA" box="[1323,1395,1922,1948]" name="Brazil" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF76290C56FF7F8CA2BC57AD4A" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9141EA7476290C56FF7F8CA2BC57AD4A" blockId="57.[136,1452,1022,2093]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976290C56FF7F8CA2BC7AA282" collectingDate="2005-04-07" collectingDateMax="2011-03-03" collectingDateMin="2005-04-07" collectorName="M. Capelari et al." country="Brazil" county="Fontes do Ipiranga State Park" location="Sao Paulo" municipality="Avenida do Cursino" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
Additional material examined:—
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE476290C56FDF28CA2BDDAA2A6" box="[560,664,1958,1984]" name="Brazil" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="533A249676290C56FD608CA2BC55A2A6" box="[674,791,1958,1984]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
: São Paulo,
<collectingCounty id="782092F876290C56FC628CA3BBACA2A6" box="[928,1262,1958,1985]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fontes do Ipiranga State Park</collectingCounty>
, in the middle of the forest,
<date id="E540CCB476290C56FF3C8CCFBECFA283" box="[254,397,1994,2021]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="2005-04-07">
<collectingDate id="F504355C76290C56FF3C8CCFBECFA283" box="[254,397,1994,2021]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="2005-04-07">7 April 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FE558CCFBDC6A282" box="[407,644,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<collectorName id="3C0B8FA276290C56FE558CCFBD62A282" box="[407,544,1994,2020]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">M. Capelari</collectorName>
et al. s.n
</emphasis>
. (
<typeStatus id="4E4554D676290C56FD5B8CCEBDBCA282" box="[665,766,1994,2020]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, SP),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976290C56FCFC8CCEBDABAD6E" collectingDate="2005-04-07" collectingDateMax="2011-03-03" collectingDateMin="2005-04-07" collectorName=" F. Karstedt &amp; L. A. Silva Ramos " country="Brazil" county="Fontes do Ipiranga State Park" location="Sao Paulo" municipality="Avenida do Cursino" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
trail parallel to
<collectingMunicipality id="7125700E76290C56FC248CCEBB8AA282" box="[998,1224,1994,2020]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Avenida do Cursino</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="E540CCB476290C56FB108CCEBACEA282" box="[1234,1420,1994,2021]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="2008-01-24">
<collectingDate id="F504355C76290C56FB108CCEBACEA282" box="[1234,1420,1994,2021]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="2008-01-24">24 January 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FA558CCFBD70AD6E" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<collectorName id="3C0B8FA276290C56FA558CCFBFAAAD6E" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">F. Karstedt</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="3C0B8FA276290C56FECF8CEBBE8DAD6E" box="[269,463,2030,2057]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">L.A. Silva Ramos</collectorName>
FK1039
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="4E4554D676290C56FD838CEABDECAD6E" box="[577,686,2030,2056]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, SP),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976290C56FD328CEABC53AD4A" collectingDate="2005-04-07" collectingDateMax="2011-03-03" collectingDateMin="2005-04-07" collectorName=" F. Karstedt &amp; J. J. S. Oliveira" country="Brazil" county="Fontes do Ipiranga State Park" location="Sao Paulo" municipality="Avenida do Cursino" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
trail towards
<location id="9421BCAF76290C56FC468CEABB26AD6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B6276290C54FF4A8806BACDA722:9421BCAF76290C56FC468CEABB26AD6E" box="[900,1124,2030,2056]" country="Brazil" county="Fontes do Ipiranga State Park" municipality="Avenida do Cursino" name="Avenida do Cursino" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Avenida do Cursino</location>
(near the Botanical Garden),
<date id="E540CCB476290C56FF4A8316BE65AD4A" box="[136,295,2066,2092]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="2011-03-03">
<collectingDate id="F504355C76290C56FF4A8316BE65AD4A" box="[136,295,2066,2092]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="2011-03-03">3 March 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A38A366676290C56FEF08317BD97AD4A" box="[306,725,2066,2093]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<collectorName id="3C0B8FA276290C56FEF08317BEECAD4A" box="[306,430,2066,2092]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">F. Karstedt</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="3C0B8FA276290C56FE108317BD30AD4A" box="[466,626,2066,2093]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">J.J.S. Oliveira</collectorName>
FK1922
</emphasis>
(SP)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C581BAFC762A0C55FF4A8CA7BDF4A2BB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217121" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217121/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[136,229,1955,1977]" targetBox="[262,1322,206,1924]" targetPageId="58" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9141EA74762A0C55FF4A8CA7BDF4A2BB" blockId="58.[136,1451,1955,2014]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FF4A8CA7BE4BA2DE" bold="true" box="[136,265,1955,1977]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7762A0C55FED28CA0BEE5A2DF" box="[272,423,1956,1977]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tenue">
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FED28CA0BEE5A2DF" box="[272,423,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Entoloma tenue</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FE768CA0BE9BA2DF" bold="true" box="[436,473,1956,1977]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">a–b</emphasis>
. basidiospores:
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FDB68CA0BDC2A2DF" bold="true" box="[628,640,1956,1977]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">a</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FD4F8CA0BD90A2DF" box="[653,722,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">MC s.n</emphasis>
.;
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FD278CA0BDB0A2DF" bold="true" box="[741,754,1956,1977]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">b</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FD3C8CA0BC0FA2DF" box="[766,845,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FK1922</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FC988CA0BC27A2DF" bold="true" box="[858,869,1956,1977]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">c</emphasis>
. basidium (
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FC148CA0BB67A2DF" box="[982,1061,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FK1922</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FBF88CA0BB1FA2DF" bold="true" box="[1082,1117,1956,1977]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">d–e</emphasis>
. cheilocystidia:
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FB3E8CA0BA4BA2DF" bold="true" box="[1276,1289,1956,1977]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">d</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FAD78CA0BA26A2DF" box="[1301,1380,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FK1922</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FAB38CA0BA3EA2DF" bold="true" box="[1393,1404,1956,1977]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">e</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FA458CA0BFE6A2BB" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">MC s.n</emphasis>
.;
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7762A0C55FF748CC3BECDA2BB" authority="(FK 1922)" baseAuthorityName="FK" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[182,399,1991,2014]" form="pileipellis" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="form">
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FF748CC3BFFCA2BB" bold="true" box="[182,190,1991,2013]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">f</emphasis>
. pileipellis (
<emphasis id="A38A3666762A0C55FEF58CCCBEC4A2BB" box="[311,390,1992,2013]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FK1922</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Scales: a–e: 10 µm, f: 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF762B0C54FF7F8B9ABACDA722" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9141EA74762B0C54FF7F8B9ABACDA722" blockId="59.[136,1452,158,581]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
Comments:—
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7762B0C54FE998B9ABD45A5DE" box="[347,519,158,184]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tenue">
<emphasis id="A38A3666762B0C54FE998B9ABD45A5DE" box="[347,519,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Entoloma tenue</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is phylogenetically closely related to
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7762B0C54FC5A8B9BBB5DA5DE" box="[920,1055,159,184]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="procerum">
<emphasis id="A38A3666762B0C54FC5A8B9BBB5DA5DE" box="[920,1055,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">E.procerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE4762B0C54FBBD8B9BBA53A5DE" box="[1151,1297,158,185]" name="New Zealand" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
andAustralia, and to
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7762B0C54FF108BC7BE33A5BA" box="[210,369,194,220]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="albogracile">
<emphasis id="A38A3666762B0C54FF108BC7BE33A5BA" box="[210,369,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">E. albogracile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F1762B0C54FEBD8BC6BE80A5BA" box="[383,450,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[384,1197,188,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[384,1204,186,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the species of Entolomataceae with cuboid basidiospores and related species based on the combined genes (nLSU, mtSSU, rpb2 and tef1). Bootstrap values (&gt; 70%) from the maximum likelihood analysis are indicated above the branches. The species studied here are shown in boldface. AU: Australia, AT: Austria, BZ: Belize, BR: Brazil, CN: China, GY: Guyana, IN: India, MY: Malaysia, NZ: New Zealand, PG: Papua New Guinea, PR: Puerto Rico, RE: La Reunion, UK: Russia, SC: Seychelles, US: United States, VN: Vietnam. Dashed vertical line: have similarity in the morphology but no molecular support." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217071/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). They share mycenoid basidiomes with an umbonate cap and cuboidal basidiospores with elongated angles that resemble a star or even a butterfly with open wings. But they differ in that
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7762B0C54FB0F8BE2BA3DA466" box="[1229,1407,230,256]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tenue">
<emphasis id="A38A3666762B0C54FB0F8BE2BA3DA466" box="[1229,1407,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Entoloma tenue</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a slender basidioma, a conical or campanulate-umbonate pileus with darker brown translucent striation, and bigger basidiospores, 10–13.7 × 10–13.7 µm excluding the projections, 12.5–16.2 × 12.5–17.5 µm including the projections and diagonally 16.2–20 × 16.2–21.2 µm.
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7762B0C54FD9D8A56BC17A40A" box="[607,853,338,364]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="albogracile">
<emphasis id="A38A3666762B0C54FD9D8A56BC17A40A" box="[607,853,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Entoloma albogracile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly differs by having a white to yellowish pileus with a blunt papilla, basidiospores measuring 8 × 12.5 µm and the absence of clamp connections (Horak 1975).
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7762B0C54FF4A8A9EBE28A4D2" box="[136,362,410,436]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="procerum">
<emphasis id="A38A3666762B0C54FF4A8A9EBE28A4D2" box="[136,362,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Entoloma procerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[G.Stevenson 599 - K(M)98640, the
<typeStatus id="4E4554D6762B0C54FCD88A9EBC3DA4D2" box="[794,895,410,436]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
] has smaller basidiospores, 7.5–10 × 7.5–10 µm excluding the projections and 10–12.5 × 10–11.2 µm including the projections [suggesting that Stevenson measured the basidiospores including the projections or diagonally, 10 × 13 µm (Stevenson 1962)], and cheilocystidia clavate to inflated-clavate (not cylindrical-clavate), clearly differing from
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7762B0C54FC948902BB45A746" box="[854,1031,518,544]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tenue">
<emphasis id="A38A3666762B0C54FC948902BB45A746" box="[854,1031,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Entoloma tenue</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additionally, we did not analyse the morphology of the three collections named as
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7762B0C54FD4D892EBC2DA722" box="[655,879,554,580]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="procerum">
<emphasis id="A38A3666762B0C54FD4D892EBC2DA722" box="[655,879,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Entoloma procerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that were included in the phylogenetic analyses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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