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<document id="C4B65DBB90C32ACB721ABD17CE0CA224" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217065" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1722603420905" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Karstedt, Fernanda, Bergemann, Sarah E., Gates, Genevieve, Ratkowsky, David, Cunha, Kelmer Martins &amp; Capelari, Marina" docDate="2024" docId="19575B62760E0C4FFF4A8ED6BDE0A1AA" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.654.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 654 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Entoloma dragoluteum Karstedt &amp; Capelari, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="E56E231A76100C6FFFC28B04BF42A566" masterDocTitle="Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1724975768610" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="E187EFD31AA0CA6604FBCFAB97340EBC">Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C9F328083C61C39514C99E9661D966D8">Karstedt, Fernanda</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5B75FF0309DDF41A8B8FAC35BF03D2E2">Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045 - 902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A66F64D696118FCB683AD111AD38CF12">Bergemann, Sarah E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D358CD79E7F2968206EE94D2E65AC488">Middle Tennessee State University, Biology Department, PO Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="630F9F0F82EA97EEE1C4A63CA1238144">Gates, Genevieve</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0EAEAFD36903492305E3F2EA64EC137C">9 Winmarleigh Ave, Taroona, Tasmania, 7053, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="A90A8B53A9B86D231F77B2A26B32CFEF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="66473F26DF13F0DBFF374967317FA838">Ratkowsky, David</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="89502A286F84B56254A9F4167A1FC7FE">Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="DB490F01FEE9A85894F8E6570A149B9E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="10F173481287BAACB5E981D0F136FAEB">Cunha, Kelmer Martins</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6F6330089D6B6CFD57B887165E5AF788" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2140-9916</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="EAE5ABEE2F30E32D4B54A551B0AF9403">MIND. Funga / MICOLAB, Botany Department, Santa Catarina Federal University, 88040 - 900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. * Correspondence to: fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2140 - 9916 sarah. bergemann @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7875 - 2040 ggggates @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9561 - 7788 d. ratkowsky @ utas. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7514 - 3570 kelmermartinscunha @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0545 - 5966 mcapelariibot @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0001 - 0737 - 3681</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B5FFF2B88A2380429C5FE88498FE830A" type="email">fernanda.karstedt@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0B0215ACACC1B7B8C5AF94BB2F021B94">Capelari, Marina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5F0644A8315D698234666AC9CB3F906C">Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045 - 902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="99D7345BBB0C6D6B38692313A188F1A2">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B132535E1575E24EE75DEF7286DDC98B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="71E69B045DB1F8AC7EE7B88969D6C528">654</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="3076408C4F29A76C977271EBC2586224">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="DE2A048F4D682A7502C74E25CE6085E4">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CBF64BD8188B6FB99A9A9FD4BF755B65" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C0FC192F5745A2A59099976AADC27969" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="19575B62760E0C4FFF4A8ED6BDE0A1AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B62760E0C4FFF4A8ED6BDE0A1AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/19575B62760E0C4FFF4A8ED6BDE0A1AA" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF760E0C71FF4A8ED6BDA3A08B" box="[136,737,1490,1517]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9141EA74760E0C71FF4A8ED6BDA3A08B" blockId="30.[136,737,1490,1589]" box="[136,737,1490,1517]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="CA095D18760E0C71FF4A8ED6BDA3A08B" box="[136,737,1490,1517]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760E0C71FF4A8ED6BDC2A08A" authority="Karstedt &amp; Capelari" authorityName="Karstedt &amp; Capelari" box="[136,640,1490,1517]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragoluteum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760E0C71FF4A8ED6BED7A08B" bold="true" box="[136,405,1490,1517]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Entoloma dragoluteum</emphasis>
Karstedt &amp; Capelari
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8B98B1D760E0C71FD498ED7BDA3A08B" box="[651,737,1491,1517]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760E0C71FD498ED7BD98A08A" box="[651,730,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF760E0C4FFF4A8EF2BDE0A1AA" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="9141EA74760E0C71FF4A8EF2BEC7A376" blockId="30.[136,737,1490,1589]" box="[136,389,1526,1552]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F1760E0C71FF4A8EF2BFA1A376" box="[136,227,1526,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[136,229,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,284,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-62@31.[184,1404,279,1964]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Entoloma dragoluteum: a–b. basidiospores: a. FK2115; b. FK2122; c. basidium with a thin wall and with a thickened wall (FK2115); d. cheilocystidia (FK2115); e. pileipellis with pigmented hyphae and with encrusted hyphae (FK2115). Scales: a–d: 10 µm, e: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217087/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F1760E0C71FF2D8EF2BE77A376" box="[239,309,1526,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="41.[136,229,1598,1620]" captionTargetBox="[277,1305,198,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-18@41.[268,1316,189,1569]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 17. Microphotography of basidiospores in electron microscopy: a–c. E. dragoluteum (FK2120); d–f. Entoloma dragorufescens (FK2102); g–j. E. fraternum (B3074); k–m. E. gatesianum (ACM499). Scale: 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217099/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">17a–c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F1760E0C71FE828EF2BEC7A376" box="[320,389,1526,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="68.[136,229,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[296,1292,256,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-22@68.[287,1301,247,1602]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 37. Basidiomas: a. Entoloma caribaeum (FK1790); b–c. E. dragorufescens: b. FK2102; c. FK2116; d–e. E. dragoluteum (FK2131); f–g. E. lycopersicum: f. TBGAG151; g. TBGAG590. Photos: a–e: F. Karstedt; f–g: R. Maziero. Scale: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217139/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">37d–e</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA74760E0C71FF4A8D1FBE4DA353" blockId="30.[136,737,1490,1589]" box="[136,271,1562,1589]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">MB 838591</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA74760E0C71FF4A8D62BA39A31A" blockId="30.[136,1452,1638,1876]" box="[136,1403,1638,1660]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Etymology:—
<emphasis id="A38A3666760E0C71FED38D62BE12A31D" box="[273,336,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Drago</emphasis>
refers to the obvious similarity to the spores of
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760E0C71FCDE8D62BC92A31D" box="[796,976,1638,1659]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragonosporum">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760E0C71FCDE8D62BC92A31D" box="[796,976,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">E. dragonosporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760E0C71FC1F8D62BB5CA31D" box="[989,1054,1638,1659]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteum">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760E0C71FC1F8D62BB5CA31D" box="[989,1054,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">luteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the color of the basidiome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA74760E0C71FF4A8D8EBC52A26A" blockId="30.[136,1452,1638,1876]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Diagnosis:—
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760E0C71FEC58D8EBEA7A3F9" box="[263,485,1674,1695]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragoluteum">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760E0C71FEC58D8EBEA7A3F9" box="[263,485,1674,1695]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Entoloma dragoluteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the combination of a basidiome with a strongly translucent-striate yellow-brown conical pileus often having a well-developed papilla and a stipe varying from yellow to ochre, pale yellowish lamellae, cuboidal basidiospores with elongated angles, which sometimes resemble a star, cylindrical to clavate cheilocystidia and a pileipellis as a cutis with entangled, prostrate hyphae in transition to a trichoderm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA74760E0C71FF4A8C1EBD40A235" blockId="30.[136,1452,1638,1876]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<materialsCitation id="2196E029760E0C71FF4A8C1EBEBCA235" collectingDate="2012-12-11" collectionCode="FLOR" collectorName="F. Karstedt" country="Brazil" county="Type" location="Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve" municipality="Itapoa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty id="782092F8760E0C71FF4A8C1EBFF8A249" box="[136,186,1818,1839]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Type</collectingCounty>
:—
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE4760E0C71FF148C1EBE72A249" box="[214,304,1818,1839]" name="Brazil" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="533A2496760E0C71FEF88C1EBE88A256" box="[314,458,1818,1840]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="7125700E760E0C71FE168C1EBD50A249" box="[468,530,1818,1839]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Itapoá</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9421BCAF760E0C71FDDE8C1EBC91A249" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B62760E0C4FFF4A8ED6BDE0A1AA:9421BCAF760E0C71FDDE8C1EBC91A249" box="[540,979,1818,1840]" country="Brazil" county="Type" municipality="Itapoa" name="Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve</location>
,
<location id="9421BCAF760E0C71FC1F8C1EBB31A256" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B62760E0C4FFF4A8ED6BDE0A1AA:9421BCAF760E0C71FC1F8C1EBB31A256" box="[989,1139,1818,1840]" country="Brazil" county="Type" municipality="Itapoa" name="Sambaqui Trail" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Sambaqui Trail</location>
,
<date id="E540CCB4760E0C71FBBF8C1EBA74A249" box="[1149,1334,1818,1840]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2012-12-11">
<collectingDate id="F504355C760E0C71FBBF8C1EBA74A249" box="[1149,1334,1818,1840]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2012-12-11">11 December 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A38A3666760E0C71FA838C1EBE00A235" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<collectorName id="3C0B8FA2760E0C71FA838C1EBAEEA249" box="[1345,1452,1818,1839]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">F. Karstedt</collectorName>
et al. FK2131
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="4E4554D6760E0C71FE8D8C3ABEEEA232" box="[335,428,1854,1876]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="F7EF72B1760E0C71FE778C3ABEB5A235" box="[437,503,1854,1875]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" name="Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">FLOR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA74760E0C70FF4A8C86BA43A466" blockId="30.[136,1451,1922,2093]" lastBlockId="31.[136,1452,158,257]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Description:—
<emphasis id="A38A3666760E0C71FEEC8C86BE36A2FA" box="[302,372,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pileus</emphasis>
<quantity id="56064791760E0C71FEB98C86BEA4A2FB" box="[379,486,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="5.0">5–23 mm</quantity>
diam.,
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tall, conical with a conical apex or with an elongated papilla, yellow, light brownish yellow, yellow-brown or ochre, with margin often paler, strongly translucent-striate, hygrophanous, surface glabrous, slightly adpressed-fibrillose, margin of the pileus smooth to dentate, papilla generally pronounced,
<quantity id="56064791760E0C71FA438CCEBFF6AD6F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
diam., concolorous with the pileus, translucent.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760E0C71FD088CEABC25AD6E" box="[714,871,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pileus context</emphasis>
thin.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760E0C71FC678CEABB4FAD6E" box="[933,1037,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lamellae</emphasis>
adnexed, adnexed-sinuate or sinuate, faces smooth, ventricose (&lt;
<quantity id="56064791760E0C71FE788316BD53AD4B" box="[442,529,2066,2093]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
at broadest part), yellowish, beige-pink or pink, close with two tiers of lamellulae, margins entire or irregular, concolorous with faces.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FD018B9BBDB9A5DF" box="[707,763,159,185]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Stipe</emphasis>
30–50 ×
<quantity id="56064791760F0C70FCA08B9ABC82A5DF" box="[866,960,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
, cylindrical or attenuated upwards, centrally attached, yellow, slightly paler at the apex, surface slightly adpressed-fibrillose, hollow, with white basal tomentum.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FF4A8BE3BE5AA466" box="[136,280,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Stipe context</emphasis>
yellow-brown, translucent.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FD918BE2BDCCA466" box="[595,654,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Odor</emphasis>
indistinct,
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FCC98BE3BC02A466" box="[779,832,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">taste</emphasis>
not observed.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FC278BE3BB20A466" box="[997,1122,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Spore print</emphasis>
not observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C581BAFC760F0C70FF4A8CCEBF8FAD4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217087/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[136,229,1994,2016]" targetBox="[190,1398,284,1959]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9141EA74760F0C70FF4A8CCEBF8FAD4E" blockId="31.[136,1452,1994,2088]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FF4A8CCEBE4AA2B9" bold="true" box="[136,264,1994,2016]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760F0C70FECD8CCEBEAFA2B9" box="[271,493,1994,2015]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragoluteum">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FECD8CCEBEAFA2B9" box="[271,493,1994,2015]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Entoloma dragoluteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FE388CCEBD62A2B9" bold="true" box="[506,544,1994,2015]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">a–b</emphasis>
. basidiospores: a.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FD118CCEBC62A2B9" box="[723,800,1994,2015]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FK2115</emphasis>
; b.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FC878CCEBCD1A2B9" box="[837,915,1994,2015]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FK2122</emphasis>
; c. basidium with a thin wall and with a thickened wall (
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FF528CEABF9FAD65" box="[144,221,2030,2051]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FK2115</emphasis>
); d. cheilocystidia (
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FE5C8CEABEA9AD65" box="[414,491,2030,2051]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FK2115</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FDC28CEABD49AD65" bold="true" box="[512,523,2030,2051]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">e</emphasis>
. pileipellis with pigmented hyphae and with encrusted hyphae (
<emphasis id="A38A3666760F0C70FBB68CEABB83AD65" box="[1140,1217,2030,2051]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FK2115</emphasis>
). Scales: a–d: 10 µm, e: 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476300C4FFF7F8B9ABCCDA67A" blockId="32.[136,1452,158,1228]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFF7F8B9ABE19A5DE" box="[189,347,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Basidiospores</emphasis>
cuboidal with elongated angles, sometimes resembling a star with 4–6 projections, 4-angled in profile, excluding the projections 6.2–8.7 × 7.5–8.7 µm [xm = 7.45 (± 0.46) × 7.83 (± 0.51) µm, Q = 1–1.2, Qm = 1.04 (± 0.07), n = 52/5], including the projections (7.5–)8–11.2 × 8.7–12.5 µm [xm = 9.35 (± 0.79) × 10 (± 0.91) µm, Q = 1–1.33, Qm = 1.09 (± 0.1), n = 50/5] and diagonally 10–13.7 × 11–15 µm [xm = 11.77 (± 0.8) × 12.4 (± 0.93) µm, Q = 1– 1.12, Qm = 1.05 (± 0.04), n = 50/5], thin-walled.
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFC898A2ABCE3A42E" box="[843,929,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Basidia</emphasis>
clavate or narrowly clavate, 32–42 × 11–13.7 (–16) µm (n = 44/5), hyaline, walls thin or thickened, 4-sterigmate.
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFCBE8A56BB5CA40A" box="[892,1054,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
abundant, of the ‘serrulatum-type’, along the entire lamellar margin, cylindro-clavate, clavate or cylindrical-tortuose, 33–100 × 6.2–12.5 µm (n = 53/4), hyaline, thin-walled.
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFEBA8A9EBD58A4D2" box="[376,538,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFD918A9EBDBBA4D2" box="[595,761,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">pseudocystidia</emphasis>
absent.
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFC9A8A9EBB48A4D2" box="[856,1034,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Lamellar trama</emphasis>
of parallel, cylindrical or sometimes branched hyphae, 3.7–18(–25) µm diam. (n = 92/5), hyaline, sometimes with incrusted pigment, thin-walled, sub-hymenium branched.
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFE408AE6BEB8A49A" box="[386,506,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pileitrama</emphasis>
composed of radially-arranged hyphae, 5–20 µm diam. (n = 33/3), cylindrical or broadly cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled.
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFD9F8902BD8DA746" box="[605,719,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pileipellis</emphasis>
a cutis of slightly entangled, prostrate hyphae, with transition to a trichoderm, hyphae cylindrical, (3.7–)5–12.5 µm diam. (n = 70/5), hyaline or with a little straw yellow intracellular pigment, sometimes with straw yellow incrusted pigment, thin-walled; terminal hyphae not differentiated, cylindrical, broadly cylindrical, cylindro-clavate, with rounded apex, 62–250 × 8.7–19 µm (n = 26/5).
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFB708976BA70A7EA" box="[1202,1330,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
a cutis of prostrate, cylindrical hyphae, 3.7–10 µm diam. (n = 36/2), hyaline, or with a little straw yellow intracellular pigment, walls thin or slightly thickened.
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFE3189BEBDCDA7B2" box="[499,655,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Caulocystidia</emphasis>
cylindro-clavate or clavate, 35–88 × 6.2–11.2 µm (n = 5/2), hyaline or with a little straw yellow incrusted pigment, walls thin or slightly thickened.
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFC2689DABBFEA79E" box="[996,1212,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Clamp connections</emphasis>
present in all tissues.
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFF4A8806BE11A67A" box="[136,339,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Refractive hyphae</emphasis>
present in the trama of the lamellae and the pileus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476300C4FFF7F8822BA5DA626" blockId="32.[136,1452,158,1228]" box="[189,1311,806,833]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Habitat:—Gregarious or scattered, in litter with sand, in restinga forest of the Atlantic Forest biome.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476300C4FFF7F884EBA6BA602" blockId="32.[136,1452,158,1228]" box="[189,1321,842,869]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Distribution:—
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776300C4FFEAB884EBD29A602" box="[361,619,842,868]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragoluteum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFEAB884EBD29A602" box="[361,619,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Entoloma dragoluteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described here from the coast of the state of
<collectingRegion id="533A249676300C4FFBBF884EBA67A602" box="[1149,1317,842,868]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476300C4FFF7F886ABB9BA6B6" blockId="32.[136,1452,158,1228]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976300C4FFF7F886ABCA5A6CA" collectingDate="2012-12-10" collectionCode="FLOR" collectorName="F. Karstedt" country="Brazil" county="Itapoa" location="Casa de Vidro Trail" municipality="Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">
Additional material examined:—
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE476300C4FFDF2886ABDDAA6EE" box="[560,664,878,904]" name="Brazil" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="533A249676300C4FFD61886ABC09A6EE" box="[675,843,878,904]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="782092F876300C4FFC94886ABCDDA6EE" box="[854,927,878,904]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Itapoá</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7125700E76300C4FFC6B886ABAE5A6EF" box="[937,1447,878,905]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9421BCAF76300C4FFF4A8896BE2BA6CA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B62760E0C4FFF4A8ED6BDE0A1AA:9421BCAF76300C4FFF4A8896BE2BA6CA" box="[136,361,914,940]" country="Brazil" county="Itapoa" municipality="Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve" name="Casa de Vidro Trail" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Casa de Vidro Trail</location>
,
<date id="E540CCB476300C4FFEB48896BD13A6CA" box="[374,593,914,940]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2012-12-10">
<collectingDate id="F504355C76300C4FFEB48896BD13A6CA" box="[374,593,914,940]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2012-12-10">10 December 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFD9F8897BCC2A6CA" box="[605,896,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<collectorName id="3C0B8FA276300C4FFD9F8897BD98A6CA" box="[605,730,914,940]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">F. Karstedt</collectorName>
et al. FK2104
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="F7EF72B176300C4FFC538896BC9DA6CA" box="[913,991,914,940]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" name="Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">FLOR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976300C4FFC368896BD23A6B6" collectingDate="2012-12-11" collectionCode="FLOR" collectorName="F. Karstedt" country="Brazil" location="Sambaqui Trail" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="FK2120, FK2122" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">
<location id="9421BCAF76300C4FFC368896BBE6A6CA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B62760E0C4FFF4A8ED6BDE0A1AA:9421BCAF76300C4FFC368896BBE6A6CA" box="[1012,1188,914,940]" country="Brazil" name="Sambaqui Trail" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Sambaqui Trail</location>
,
<date id="E540CCB476300C4FFB728896BAC8A6CA" box="[1200,1418,914,940]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2012-12-11">
<collectingDate id="F504355C76300C4FFB728896BAC8A6CA" box="[1200,1418,914,940]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2012-12-11">11 December 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFA558897BECAA6B6" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<collectorName id="3C0B8FA276300C4FFA558897BFAAA6B6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">F. Karstedt</collectorName>
et al. FK2115
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="4E4554D676300C4FFE5588B2BEBCA6B6" box="[407,510,950,976]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="F7EF72B176300C4FFDCB88B2BD14A6B6" box="[521,598,950,976]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" name="Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">FLOR</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976300C4FFDAA88B2BCDFA6B6" box="[616,925,950,976]" collectingDate="2012-12-11" collectionCode="FLOR" collectorName="F. Karstedt" country="Brazil" location="Sambaqui Trail" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="FK2120, FK2122" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFDAA88B2BD86A6B6" box="[616,708,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<specimenCode id="C158420F76300C4FFDAA88B2BD86A6B6" box="[616,708,950,976]" collectionCode="FLOR" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" name="Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">FK2120</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="4E4554D676300C4FFD1188B2BC78A6B6" box="[723,826,950,976]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="F7EF72B176300C4FFC8688B2BCD3A6B6" box="[836,913,950,976]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" name="Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">FLOR</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2196E02976300C4FFC6688B2BB97A6B6" box="[932,1237,950,976]" collectingDate="2012-12-11" collectionCode="FLOR" collectorName="F. Karstedt" country="Brazil" location="Sambaqui Trail" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="FK2120, FK2122" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFC6688B2BB42A6B6" box="[932,1024,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<specimenCode id="C158420F76300C4FFC6688B2BB42A6B6" box="[932,1024,950,976]" collectionCode="FLOR" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" name="Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">FK2122</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="4E4554D676300C4FFBCC88B2BB37A6B6" box="[1038,1141,950,976]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="F7EF72B176300C4FFB4288B2BB8FA6B6" box="[1152,1229,950,976]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14336" name="Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">FLOR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA7476300C4FFF7F88DEBDE0A1AA" blockId="32.[136,1452,158,1228]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Comments:—
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776300C4FFE9988DEBD22A692" box="[347,608,986,1012]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragoluteum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFE9988DEBD22A692" box="[347,608,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Entoloma dragoluteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776300C4FFD2688DFBE45A17F" authority="(Romagn. &amp; Gilles) Noordel. &amp; Co-David. (2009: 165)" authorityName="Noordel. &amp; Co-David." authorityPageNumber="165" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Romagn. &amp; Gilles" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="asterospermum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFD2688DFBCF0A692" box="[740,946,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">E. asterospermum</emphasis>
(Romagn. &amp; Gilles) Noordel. &amp; Co-David. (2009:165)
</taxonomicName>
, described from material collected in Africa, as both have cuboidal basidiospores with elongated angles resembling stars and basidia with thickened walls. However, the latter has a brown and convex pileus without a papilla, in addition to larger basidiospores, measuring 11.5–14 × 10–12 µm and the hyphae of the pileipellis contain vacuolar pigment (Romagnesi &amp; Gilles 1979). Based on our phylogenetic analysis (
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F176300C4FFC1F8F6EBB63A1E2" box="[989,1057,1130,1156]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[384,1197,188,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[384,1204,186,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the species of Entolomataceae with cuboid basidiospores and related species based on the combined genes (nLSU, mtSSU, rpb2 and tef1). Bootstrap values (&gt; 70%) from the maximum likelihood analysis are indicated above the branches. The species studied here are shown in boldface. AU: Australia, AT: Austria, BZ: Belize, BR: Brazil, CN: China, GY: Guyana, IN: India, MY: Malaysia, NZ: New Zealand, PG: Papua New Guinea, PR: Puerto Rico, RE: La Reunion, UK: Russia, SC: Seychelles, US: United States, VN: Vietnam. Dashed vertical line: have similarity in the morphology but no molecular support." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217071/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776300C4FFBF18F6EBA7AA1E2" box="[1075,1336,1130,1156]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragoluteum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFBF18F6EBA7AA1E2" box="[1075,1336,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Entoloma dragoluteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776300C4FFF398F8BBE8AA1CE" box="[251,456,1166,1192]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragorufescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFF398F8BBE8AA1CE" box="[251,456,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">E. dragorufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs morphologically by the color of the basidioma, as
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776300C4FFB4E8F8ABAD2A1CE" box="[1164,1424,1166,1192]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragoluteum">
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFB4E8F8ABAD2A1CE" box="[1164,1424,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Entoloma dragoluteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is yellow-brown and
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F776300C4FFE9E8FB7BD6AA1AA" box="[348,552,1202,1228]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dragorufescens">
<emphasis id="A38A366676300C4FFE9E8FB7BD6AA1AA" box="[348,552,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">E. dragorufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reddish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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